2

1 Th
1. The correctt structure
t t off CsCl
C Cl
crystal is
1 Si
1. Simple
l cubicbi
2. Body centered cubic
3 F
3. Face centered
t d cubic
bi
4. Interpenetrating simple cubic
If corner as well as the
particle at the center are
same then it is body
centered cubic
2 Whi
2. Which
h one off th
the ffollowing
ll i statements
t t t iis
Vibration of metal ions
wrong? increases, which offers
resistance

1. The conductivity of metals decreases

The forbidden gap is very
with increase inIonic
temperature
solids in the
small solid
so with state
increase in
do not temp, some
conduct electrons can
electricity
2. The conductivity of semiconductors
jump from valence to
because theconduction
ions arebandheld
increases with increase
t th in
together bytemperature
b strong
t i i
ionic
3. There is no superbond
conductor at
are
found
room
Till recently some alloy is
and they not
to be free
super
temperature
p toconducting
move at 138K
4. Ionic solids conduct electricity due to
presence of ions.
3 The
3. Th octahedral
t h d l voids
id in
i a face
f –centered
t d
cubic structure are located at

1. 6 at the edge centers and 8 along body

diagonals
g
2.12 at edge centers and one at body centre
3. 8 along body diagonal
4 All att th
4. the edge
d centers
t only.
l
4. Which of the following is true about
hexagonal close packing?
C No = 12
1. It has a co-ordination number of 6
Packing efficiency
is 74%
2. It has 26 % empty space

3. It is ABCABC….. type arrangement

4 It is
4. i as closely
l l packed
k d as BCC packing
ki
In BCC packing
efficiency is 68%
5.Which among the following
will show anisotropy?
py
1. Glass
2 Barium chloride
2.
3. Wood
4 Paper
4. Paper.
Anisotropy is the property of crystalline
solid
lid wherein
h i it gives
i different
diff t value
l for
f
some physical property in different
directions
6.The most unsymmetrical
crystal system is

1. Cubic 2. Hexagonal
3 Triclinic 4.
3. 4 Orthorhombic
 Cubic system Triclinic crystal
Most symmetric Most un-symmetric
7.The coordination number
of a cat ion occupying a
tetrahedral hole and octahedral
hole respectively are
1. 4 and 6
2. 6 and 4
3. 8 and 4
4. 4 and 8
8. How many y lattice p
points are
present in a unit cell of NaCl?

1. 9 2. 4

3 27
3. 4.
4 6
14 lattice points are occupied by Cl-
8 are at corners
6 at the center of each face
13 lattice points are occupied by Na+
12 are at the edge
01 is at the center of the face
Th answer is
The i 3 i.e
i 27
9.Which one of the following statement is
incorrect about rock salt type?

1.It has interpenetrating

p g FCC arrangement
g
2.Na+ and Cl-- ions have
co-ordination number of 6:6
3.A unit of NaCl consists of 4 NaCl units
4.All halides of alkali metals
h
have rockk salt
l type structure
10.A substance AxBy crystallizes in a face
centered
t d cubic
bi lattice
l tti iin which,
hi h atoms
t
‘A’ occupy each corner of the cube and
atoms
t ‘B’ occupy the
th centers
t off the
th each
h
face of the cube. Identify the correct
composition
iti off the
th substance
b t A xB y
1. AB3 2. A4B3

3. A3B3 4. A3B
 A A
B
A A
B
B B
B
A B A
A A

CORNER PARTICLE = 1/8

8 CORNER PARTICLES = 8 X 1/8 =01
PARICLE AT THE CENTRE OF THE FACE= ½
6 PARTICLES ARE AT THE
CENTRE OF THE FACE = 6 X ½= 03
The formula is AB3
11.The ionic radii of Rb+ and
I-- are1.46
are1 46 pm and 2 2.16
16 pm
respectively. The most probable
t
type off structure
t t exhibited
hibit d by
b it is
i
1. CsCl type
2. NaCl type
3. ZnS type yp
4. CaF2 type
 Preferred
Radius/Ratio Coordination Name
Number
0.732 8 Cubic
0.414 to 0.732 6 Octahedral
0.225 to 0.414 4 Tetrahedral
+ --
r /r = 1.46/2.16 = 0.67
Which lies in the range of 0.414---0.732
0 414---0 732
Hence the co-ordination number is 6
The structure is NaCl type
yp
Option 2 is correct
12. The positions of Cl—ions in NaCl structure
are
1 Corners of the cube
1.
2. Centers of faces of the cube
3. Corners as well as centers
of the faces of the cube
4. Edge centers of the cube.
13. A unit cell of CsCl structure
consists
i t off

1. One CsCl unit

2. Two CsCl units
3. Three CsCl units
4 Four CsCl units.
4. units
In CsCl Cs+ ions are present
only
y at the centre
Chloride ions are present at 8 corners
No of Cs+ ions per unit cell = 1 X 1 = 1
N off Cl-- ions
No i per unit
it cell
ll = 8 x 1/8 =1
1
ONE CsCl unit is present per unit cell
14 The distance between the Na+
14.
and Cl- in NaCl crystal is
‘ ’ pm, what
‘a’ h t is
i the
th llength
th off
the cell edge?

1. 2a pm
p
2. a/2 pm
3. 4a pm
4. a/4 pm
15. The packing fraction for
a body centered cubic
crystal is
1. 0.42
2. 0.52
3. 0.68
4. 0.74
Packing fraction= Volume of the spherical atom
Volume of the cube
Volume of the sp. Atom = 4/3 πr3
Volume of the cube = a3
F
For simple
i l cubic
bi a=2r
The P F = π/6 = 0.52
For B C C a = 4 r/√3
The P F = √3π/8 = 0.68
For F C C a = 2√2 r
The P F = √2π/6 = 0.74
The answer is 3
16.The lattice point in a pure crystal
cannot be occupied by

Electron can occupy a

1.Molecules lattice point only when there
is crystal
y defect p
particularly
y
2 IIons
2. an ionic vacancy.
3. electron But in case of pure of
crystal when there is no
4 atom
4. crystal defect there cannot
be any electron in the lattice
point
17 Th
17. The ttotal
t l number
b off ttetrahedral
t h d l voids
id
in the face centered unit cell is

1. 6

2. 8

3. 10

4. 12
18. A solid AB has NaCl type structure.
If the radius of cat ion is 170pm,
calculate the maximum radius of the
anion B-.

1. 210.3pm 2. 397.4 pm

3. 410 .6 pm 4. 347.9 pm.

For NaCl structure r+/ r- = 0.414 - 0.737

For maximum possible radius of B-

r+/ r- = 0.414

It is given that radius of cat ion is 170pm

r-- = 170
0.414
= 410.6
410 6 pm
19.Which
19 Whi h off th
the ffollowing
ll i point
i td
defects
f t
are shown by AgBr(s) crystals?
a)) S
Schottky
h ttk ddefect
f t
b) Frenkel defect
c)) M
Metal
t l excess d defect
f t
d) metal deficiency defect
1 Both
1. B th a & b
2. Both a & c
3 Both c & d
3.
4. Both b & d
20. The edge lengths of the unit cells in terms
of the radius of spheres
p constitutingg fcc,
bcc and simple cubic unit cell are
respectively

1. 2√2 r , 4r 2r 2 . 4r , 2√2 r , 2r
√3 , √3

3. 2r,, 2√2 r , 4r 4. 2r , 4r , 2√2 r

√3 √3
Therefore FCC : BCC: simple cubic:. 2√2 r , 4r , 2r
√3
21. Which of the following defects is also
known as dislocation defect ?
In this defect
generally a cat ion
1. Frenkel defect
being small gets
displaced from its
2. Schottky defect normal lattice
position to an
p
3. Non-stoichiometric defect interstial site

4 Si
4. Simple
l iinterstitial
i i lddefect
f
22. NaCl was doped with 10-3 mol %
SrCl2. The concentration of cat ion
vacancies is

1. 6.02x1018 mol—1 2. 6.02x1015 mol—1

3. 6.02x1021 mol—1 4. 6.02x1012 mol—1

Doping
D i off NaCl
N Cl with
ith 10-33mol%
l% off SrCl
S Cl2 ,
It means that 100 mol of NaCl is doped
with 0.001 mol of SrCl2

i.e. 1 mol of NaCl is doped with 10-5 mol of SrCl2

Since each Sr2+ replaces two Na+ and creates one cat
ion vacancy

Therefore ,The
The total number of cat ion vacancy is
10-5 mol per mole of NaCl
since 1 mol = 6.023 x1023molecules
The concentration = 6.023 x1023 x10-5
= 6.023 x1018 per mol of NaCl
23. A cubic unit cell has one atom on
each corner and one atom on each
body diagonal. The number of atoms
in the unit cell is

1. 5
2. 4
3. 2
4. 1
24. Fe(II) oxide has a cubic structure and each
24
unit cell has side 5A0. If the density of the
oxide is 4 g cm-3. The number of oxide ions
present in each unit cell is
((molar mass of FeO = 72 g mol-1,
NA= 6.02 x 1023 mol-1)

1. 2 2. 4

3. 8 4. 6
 ZxM
d= ---------
NA x V

d x NA x V 4 x 6.023 x 1023 x (5 x 10-8)3

Z = --------------- , Z = ---------------------------------------
M 72
Z = 4.16
i.e, Four molecules of FeO is present per unit cell.
i.e. Four Fe2+ ions and Four O2- ions
Since the
Si th number
b off oxide
id ion
i isi 4
the correct option is 2
25. A spinel is consisting of two types of
metal ions with the oxide ions arranged in
ccp layers.
l The
Th normall spinel
i l has
h 1/8 th off the
th
tetrahedral void occupied by Ni2+ and ½ of the
octahedral voids by Al3+ ions . What will be the
simplest formula of the spinel?

1. NiAl2O3 2. Ni2Al O3

3 Ni Al2O4
3. 4 Ni2Al3O4
4.
 Let the no of atoms = n
Therefore The number tetrahedral voids = 2n
1/8 of it is occupied by Ni2+ = 2n x 1/8 = n/4

The number of octahedral voids = n

½ the octahedral void is occupied by Al3+= n/2

Oxide ions are in ccp layers

The formula = Nin/4Aln/2On = NiAl2O4

The answer is 3 NiAl2O4

26. Select the incorrect statement among
the following.
correctt
1) For BCC unit cell a = 4r/√3
For NaCl
2(r+ + r-- )= a
So it is correct
2) For NaCl unit cell
packingrfraction
+ + r--is = a/2
0.68 and
void fraction is 0.32

3) The void fraction in a bcc unit cell is 0.68

4) The void space in fcc unit cell is 26%

Correct
Because packing
p g
efficiency is 74 %
27.The
27 The fraction of the total space occupied
by the atoms present in a simple cube is

1. π/4 1. π/4 = 0.78

2. π/6 2. π/6 = 0.523
3. π/3√2 3. √ = 0.740
π/3√2
4. π/√2 = 2.22
4. π/√2
28. A mineral of titanium is found to contain
28
calcium atoms at the corners, oxygen
atoms at the face centers and
titanium atoms at the centre of the cube .
Oxidation number of titanium in the
mineral is

1.
1 +2
2. +3
3. +4
4
4. +1
 Ca Ca
Ca O
Ca

O Ti O O
O
Ca O Ca
Ca Ca

Calcium ions are at the corners

corners= 1/8 x8 = 01
Oxygen atoms are present
at the center of each face = ½ x 6 = 03
Titanium is present at the center of the cube = 1x 1=01
Hence the formula is CaTiO3
Therefore the oxidation state of Ti = +4
29. In
29 I a solid
lid A B h
having
i NaCl
N Cl structure,
t t
‘A’ atoms occupy the corners of the
cubic unit cell . If all the face
centered atoms along one of the axes
is removed , then the resultant
stoichiometry of the solid is
A are present:
at corner 8 x 1/8 = 1
face center 4 x ½ = 2
1. AB B are present;
2. A2B At all the octahedral void
12 x ¼ = 03
3. A4B3 1x1 =01
4. A3B4
30.The
30 Th packing
ki efficiency
ffi i off th
the 2
2-D
D
square unit cell shown below is

1 39 %
1. 2.
2 68%

3.74% 4. 78.54%
In 2D packing fraction = Area occupied by circles within the square
Area of the square
= 2πr2
a2

To find a AC= √2 a But AC = 4r

4r = √2 a a = 2 √2 r
Therefore Packing fraction = 2πr2
(2 √2 r )2
= π/4
= 0.785
= 78.5%
Hence the correct option is = 4
31. A compound consisting of the monovalent
ions A+ and B- crystallizes in the body
centered
t d cubic
bi lattice.
l tti If one off A+ ions
i
from the corner is replaced by a
mono valent ion C+, what would be the
simplest formula of the resulting
compound
p

1. AB 2. ABC

3. A7BC8 4. A7B8C
Contribution of the B- present at the centre is =1

Contribution of A+ ions at the corners = 7/8

Contribution of one C+ at one corner is =1/8

1/8

Therefore A: B: C are 7/8 : 1 : 1/8

Hence the simplest formula is A7B8C1

Answer is option 4
32.Lithium iodide crystal has a
face –centered cubic unit cell.
cell
If the edge length of the unit
cell is 620pm
620pm, determine the ionic
radius of Iodide ion.

1. 438.34 pm 2. 109.58 pm

3. 219.17pm 4. 876.68pm
Hence the correct option is 3
33. A solid X melts slightly above 273 K
and is a poor conductor of heat and
electricity, to which of the following
categories does it belong?

1. Ionic solid
1
2. Covalent solid
3 Metal solid
3.
4. Molecular solid
 White Red Violet Black
phosphorus

Crystalline iodine Fullerene crystals Sucrose crystals

Ice

MOLECULAR SOLIDS
34. A double triangular void surrounded by
three spheres above and three spheres
below is called

1. Triangular void
2. Tetrahedral void
3 O
3. Octahedral
t h d l void
id
4.Triangular bipyramidal void

KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/2014 11:23 AM 52
35. Doping of silicon with P or Al increases the
conductivity. The difference in the two case is
1. P is non-metal where as Al is metal
2. P is poor conductor while Al is a conductor
3 P gives rise to extra electrons while Al give
3.
rise to holes.
4. P gives rise to holes while Al gives rise to
extra electrons.

KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/2014 11:23 AM 53
36. In a metal oxide,
36 oxide the oxide ions are
arranged in hexagonal packing and metal
ions occupy two-third
two third of the octahedral
voids. The formula of the oxide is
Suppose the number of oxide ions is = n
1. MO Therefore the number of octahedral hole = n
2
2. M2O3 Only2/3 of the octahedral voids are occupied
by metal ions = 2n/3
3. MO2 The ratio becomes M : O = 2n/3 : n
4
4. M2 O . O M 2 O3
Or

KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/2014 11:23 AM 54
37. The constituent particles of a solid have
The constituent particles have fixed
positions and can only oscillate about
their mean positions .
1.Translatory motion only Therefore they are rigid
2. Rotatory motion
3. Vibratory motion only
4 B
4. Both
th ttranslatory
l t and
d vibratory
ib t

KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/2014 11:23 AM 55

38.Which of the following statements is not
It is true because occupied
correct? fraction is .52
Because molecules are held
1. The fraction of the total volume unoccupied
together by weak physical
by the atoms in a primitive cell is 0.48
forces
2 Molecular solids are generally volatile
2.
3. The number of carbon atoms in a unit cell of
Diamond is 4
4. The number of Bravais lattice in which a
crystal can be categorized is 14 There are 14 types
of crystal lattice
It is actually 8.The diamond has similar
structure as that of ZnS. Carbon atoms are
present at corners
corners, face centre and
alternate tetrahedral voids
KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/2014 11:23 AM 56
39.The incorrect statement in the following is
use the formula 2( r + r ) = a
+ --

2(95 + 181) = 552

1. The length of the edge of the unit cell of NaCl
is 552pm ( rNa+ =95pm rCl- = 181pm)
2 F
2. Frenkel
k ld
defect
f t iis di
dislocation
l ti ddefect
f t
3. Trapping of an electron in the lattice leads to
the formation of F-
F centre.
centre
4. Schottky defect have no effect on the physical
properties of solids

It decreases the
d
density
it off the
th crystal
t l

KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/2014 11:23 AM 57

40. The electricity produced on applying stress
on th
the crystals
t l iis called
ll d
Some piezoelectric crystals when heated
1. Pyroelectricity
1 Produce small electric current

2. Piezoelectricity
Electricity is produced due to
3. ferroelectricity th displacement
the di l t off iions on
4. Anti- ferroelectricity. applying stress

KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/2014 11:23 AM 58
41 Which of the following statement is not
41.
true about the hexagonal close packing?
1 The coordination number is 12
1.

2. It has 26% of the empty

p y space
p

3. Tetrahedral voids of the second layer are

covered
d by
b the
th spheres
h off th
the third
thi d llayer

4 In this arrangement spheres of the fourth

4.
layer are exactly aligned with those of
the first layer.
y
In hcp spheres of the third layer are exactly
aligned with those of the first layer.
Hence correct option is 4
42. Diamond is not a

1. a covalent solid
2. a non
non-conductor
conductor
3. a lubricant
4 sp3 Hybridised.
4. Hybridised

KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/2014 11:23 AM 61
43. In diamond each carbon atom is bonded
to four other carbon atoms tetrahedrally.
The number of carbon atoms per
unit cell is
1. 4
It is actually 8.The diamond has
2. 6 similar structure as that of ZnS.
3 8
3. Carbon atoms are present at
corners, face centre and alternate
4. 12
tetrahedral voids

KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/2014 11:23 AM 62
44. Which has no rotation symmetry?

1.Hexagonal
2.Orthorhombic
3.Cubic
4. Triclinic

KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/2014 11:23 AM 63
45 The edge length of the unit cell of a
45.
metal having molecular weight 75g/mol is
5A0 which crystallizes in cubic lattice.
lattice
If the density is 2 g/cc ,then find the radius
of metal atom ((NA = 6 x 1023)).
1. 21.6 pm 2. 216.5 pm

3. 2.165 pm 4. 432pm
First the value of Z is calculated
byy usingg the data.

It is found to be 2

hence it has BCC structure

For BCC r = √3/4 a

r = 2.165 A0
46. Ice crystallizes in a hexagonal lattice
having a volume of the unit cell
132 x 10-24
24 cm3. If the density of ice at the

given temperature is 0.92 g cm-3, then

number
b off water
t molecules
l l per unit it
cell is

1. 1
2
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
47. By X ray diffraction methods, the unit length
of NaCl is observed to be 0.5627nm. The
density of NaCl is found to be 2.164 g/cm3.
What type of defect exists in the crystal?
C l l t the
Calculate th percentage
t off Na
N + and
d Cl-11
ions missing.

1. Schottky defect & 0.8%

2. Frenkel defect & 0.08 %
3. Schottky defect & 80%
4. Frenkel defect & 8%
First density is calculated from the data
It is found to be 2.1809 g/cm3

Observed density is 2.164 g/cm3

Since observed density is less than the theoretical density

it shows Schottky defect

Actual formula units of NaCl per unit cell can be calculated

a3 ρ N0
by using the formula Z = ------------------ = 3.968
M

Therefore units missing

g per
p unit cell = 4 – 3.968
= 0.032
Therefore % missing = 0.032 x100
4
=0.8 %
47. By X ray diffraction methods, the unit length
of NaCl is observed to be 0.5627nm. The
density of NaCl is found to be 2.164 g/cm3.
What type of defect exists in the crystal?
C l l t the
Calculate th percentage
t off Na
N + and
d Cl-11
ions missing.

1. Schottky defect & 0.8%

2. Frenkel defect & 0.08 %
3. Schottky defect & 80%
4. Frenkel defect & 8%
48 E
48. Eachh rubidium
bidi h
halide
lid crystallizing
t lli i iin
the NaCl type lattice has a cell edge
l
length
th 0.30A
0 30A0 greatert th
than ffor
corresponding potassium salt
( K+=1.33
(r 1 33 A0) off the
th same halogen.
h l
Hence ,ionic radius of Rb+ is

1.1.03 A0 2. 1.18 A0

3.1.48A0 4. 1.63 A0
Si
Since RbX crystallizes
t lli in
i NaCl
N Cl type
t

The cell edge length = 2( RRb+ + RX-)

Therefore 2(( RRb+ + RX-) -- 2(( RK+ + RX-) =0.30A0

or RRb+ - RK+ = 0.15 A0

RRb+ = RK+ + 0.15 A0

RRb+ = 1.33 A0 + 0.15 A0

RRb+ = 1.48 A0
48 E
48. Eachh rubidium
bidi h
halide
lid crystallizing
t lli i iin
the NaCl type lattice has a cell edge
l
length
th 0.30A
0 30A0 greatert th
than ffor
corresponding potassium salt
( K+=1.33
(r 1 33 A0) off the
th same halogen.
h l
Hence ,ionic radius of Rb+ is
1 1 03 A0
1.1.03
2. 1.18 A0
3 1 48A0
3.1.48A
4. 1.63 A0
 TOPICS STUDIED IN SOLIDS.
General characteristics of solids:
Crystalline and amorphous solids- examples.
Classification of crystalline solids based on
binding force: molecular
molecular, ionic
ionic, covalent and
metallic solids.
Definitions: Lattice point ,crystal lattice, unit cell,
Coordination number. Parameters of unit cell,
names of 7 crystal system. Calculation of
number of atoms in simple, bcc, fcc unit cells.
Close packing in 2D and 3D lattices
(b i f iinformation),
(brief f ti )
Voids –types of voids, tetrahedral and
octahedral voids and their relative numbers.
Calculation of the formula of the compound
based on the number of voids filled.
Packing in solids-
solids calculation of packing
efficiency – fcc / ccp, bcc simple cubic. Formula
to calculate the density of the unit cell to be
assumed. – use the formula to calculate a ,d, z,
M, N, numerical problems.

KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/2014 11:23 AM 74
Point defects-types a brief account of Frankel
and Schottky defects, metal excess defect and
metal deficiency defect examples
Electrical properties: Classification into
conductors,
d t insulators
i l t and
d semiconductors
i d t –
their comparison based on the band theory of
metals n-type and p-type semiconductors-
metals,
differences and examples.
Magnetic
g properties
p p of substances –
paramagnetism diamagnetism and
ferromagnetism examples

KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/2014 11:23 AM 75