Physics for Scientists & Engineers, 3rd Edition

Douglas C. Giancoli

Chapter 29
Electromagnetic Induction
and Faraday’s Law
© Prentice Hall
 G G
Ampere’s Law: ∫ B ⋅ d s = µ 0 I enc .

B
Long
Circular I
Symmetry B
(Infinite) Current Sheet

B X X X
Solenoid X
X X X
X X X
X
= X
X
X
X
X X
X
2 Current X
X
X
X X X
X

X
Sheets X
X
Torus
P20- 5
 Group Problem: Torus
A torus (a solenoid of
radius a and n turns/meter
whose ends are bent
around to make a donut of
R
a radius R) carries a uniform
current I.
I

Find B on what was the

I
central axis of the solenoid

P20- 6
 Ampere’s Law: Torus

Picture:
Solenoid
X X X B
(slinky) X X
X
X
X R XX
X
curved X
X X
X a
X X X
around &
joined end
to end
Amperian Loop:
B is Constant & Parallel
I Penetrates P20- 7
 Magnet Falling Through a Ring

http://ocw.mit.edu/
ans7870/8/8.02T/f
04/visualizations/fa
raday/07-
FallingMagnetResi
stive/07-
FallMAgRes_f54_
320.html

Falling magnet slows as it approaches a copper

ring which has been immersed in liquid nitrogen.
P20- 10
 Jumping Ring

An aluminum ring jumps into the air when the

solenoid beneath it is energized
P20- 12
 What is Going On?

It looks as though the conducting loops have

current in them (they behave like magnetic
dipoles) even though they aren’t hooked up
P20- 13
Figure 29-1
Figure 29-2 (a)
Figure 29-2 (b)
Figure 29-2 (c)
Electromagnetic Induction

P20- 15
Faraday’s Law of Induction

dΦB
ε = −N
dt
A changing magnetic flux
induces an EMF

P20- 19
Figure 29-3
Figure 29-4
Figure 29-6
Figure 29-5
Magnetic Flux Thru Wire Loop
Analogous to Electric Flux (Gauss’ Law)

(1) Uniform B
G G
ΦB = B⊥A = BAcosθ = B ⋅ A

(2) Non-Uniform B

G G
ΦB = ∫ B ⋅ dA
S
P20- 20
 Ways to Induce EMF

ε = −N ( BAcosθ )
d
dt
Quantities which can vary with time:

• Magnitude of B e.g. Falling Magnet

• Area A enclosed by the loop
• Angle θ between B and loop normal
P20- 29
 Minus Sign? Lenz’s Law
Induced EMF is in direction that opposes
the change in flux that caused it

P20- 22
Figure 29-34
Figure 29-31
Figure 29-30
Figure 29-7 (c)
Figure 29-7 (d)
Figure 29-7 (e)
Figure 29-8
Group Problem: Changing Area
Conducting rod pulled along two conducting rails in a
uniform magnetic field B at constant velocity v

1. Direction of induced
current?
2. Direction of resultant
force?
A 3. Magnitude of EMF?
4. Magnitude of current?
5. Power externally
supplied to move at
constant v?
P20- 30
Figure 29-9 (a)
Figure 29-9 (b)
 Ways to Induce EMF

ε = −N ( BAcosθ )
d
dt
Quantities which can vary with time:

• Magnitude of B e.g. Moving Coil & Dipole

• Area A enclosed e.g. Sliding bar
• Angle θ between B and loop normal
P20- 31
 Changing Angle

G G G G
ΦB = B ⋅ A = BA ΦB = B ⋅ A = 0
P20- 32
DC Motor (magnetostatics)

P20- 37
 Motors & Generators

Φ B = BA cos θ = BA cos ω t
dΦB
ε = −N
d
= − NAB (cos ωt ) = NABω sin ωt
dt dt
P20- 38
Figure 29-21
Figure 29-22 (a)
 What is EMF?

G G
ε = ∫ E ⋅ ds

Looks like potential. It’s a

“driving force” for current

P20- 18
Figure 29-22 (b)
Figure 29-22 (c)
Figure 29-22 (d)