DESIGN OF BEARING PAD

1- MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND CONSTANTS

s.no. DESCRIPTION PROPERTIES

1- f'c ,compressive strength of concrete (psi) 6045

2- Ec, modulus of elasticity (psi) 4.43E+06
3- Fy , ultimate yield strength of reinforced bar (psi) 33350
4- Fsr , allowable fatigue stress range (psi) 24000
5- G , shear modulus of elastomer @ 73°F (psi) 200
6- be , for lateral earth pressure 1.3
7- b , modifying factor (for internal layer) 1.0
(for cover layer) 1.4

2- SECTION PROPERTIES

s.no. DESCRIPTION PROPERTIES

1- L , gross dim. of rectangle bearing ll. to longitudinal axis (in) 15.750

2- W,gross dim. Of rectangle bearing ll. to transverse axis (in) 15.750
3- A , gross plan area of bearing (in )2
248.06
4- hri , thickness of elastomer layer number i.(in) 0.472
5- hrt , total elastomer thickness of bearing (in) 3.071
6- hs , thickness of one steel reinforcement layer (in) 0.118

DEFORMATIONS
a- Deformation caused by Creep :

for 20-years loading,

e'c , Specific creep 2.80E-07 in/in/psi
correction factor ,for stressing after 28-days 1
correction factor, for vol/surface ratio= 1.1
now, specific creep ,e'c will be 3.08E-07 in/in/psi

Assuming that connection is made at 28-days then

40% ultimate creep will have occurred at that time.
therefore,
Residual creep = 1.85E-07 in/in/psi
Average stress = 1000 psi
\ Residual Creep Strain = 1.85E-04
b- Deformation caused by Shrinkage :

Shrinkage coefficient @ 50% relative humidity = 6.00E-04

for 30% relative humidity,
correction factor = 1.17
\ shrinkage strain = 7.02E-04
Assuming that connection is made at 28-days then
then 40% shrinkage will have occurred at that time.
\ Residual shrinkage Strain = 4.21E-04

c- Deformation caused by Temperature :

Temperature diff. (DT) = 25 °C

Temperature coefficient = 1.10E-05 /°C
\ Temperature Strain =a(DT)L/L = 2.75E-04

now,
Total (creep+temp.+shrinkage) Strain = 8.81E-04
Total length of bridge = 262.80 ft
\ Total Deformation per bearing = D(R+S+T) = 1.389 in
Composite cross sectional area,A of full deck = 43.228 ft2
No. of bearings at abutments = 4
Horizontal force due to total deformation=(AE/L)*DT = 24303.933 kips

LOADS ON BEARING PAD

LOAD
s.no. DESCRIPTION
kip
1- DL @ bearing 77.856
2- LL @ bearing 81.600
3- TL @ bearing 159.456

HORIZONTAL SHEAR AND DEFORMATION AT ABUTMENT

H D
s.no. DESCRIPTION
kip in
1- Seismic 46.010 0.750
2- Earth Pressure 0.000 0.000
3- Creep+Shk+Temp 75.570 1.233
Deformation using working load combination from AASHTO

AASHTO COMBINATION VI
D = (DDL+DLL+bEDE+D(R+S+T)) = 1.233 in
åH on each girder = 18.893 kips
AASHTO COMBINATION VII
D = (DDL+DE+DEQ) = 0.750 in
åH on each girder = 11.503 kips
REF: sec14.4.2 of "standard specification of highway bridges" by AASHTO.
1- Check for Shear :

Dh = total horz. Movement of super structure. Measured from state

at which bearing is undeformed.
Ds = shear deformation of the bearing in one direction from the
undeformed state, accounting for support flexibility.

Total deformation caused by combination of loads :

Dh = Ds = 1.233 in
The bearing shall be designed so that;
hrt ³ 2D s

safe against shear

2- Check for Stability :

sc,TL = Avg. comp. stress on the bearing caused by dead & live load
sc,TL = P/A = 642.81 psi
S = Shape factor of one layer of bearing
S = LW/(2hri(L+W)) = 8.34
since the bridge deck is free to translate horizontally:
therefore,
sc,TL £ G/{(3.84(hrt/W)/(SÖ1+2W/L)) - (2.67/(S(S+2)(1+W/4L)))}= 7390.57 psi
safe in stability

3- Check for Compressive Stresses :

sc,LL = Avg. comp. stress on the bearing caused by live load = 328.949 psi
In any bearing layer subjected to shear deformation,
the average compressive stress shall satisfy :
a)- sc,TL £ 1600 psi safe
b)- sc,TL £ 1.66GS/b safe
c)- sc,LL £ 0.66GS/b safe
5- Check for Reinforcement :

hs , the thickness of reinforcement shall satisfy :

For total load ;
a)- hs ³ (1.5(hr1+hr2)sc,TL)/Fy = 0.027 in
provided thickness of r/f is safe

For live load ;

b)- hs ³ (1.5(hr1+hr2)sc,LL)/Fsr = 0.019 in
r/f thickness is safe for LL

6- Check for Compressive Deflection :

Îci ,instantaneous compressive strain in elastomer layer number i

Îci = change in thickness/unstressed thickness
Er = G*2(1+m)
now, for total load = 600 psi
Îci = (P/A)/Er = 1.071
Dc = instantaneous compressive deflection =SÎcihri = 0.506 in
7- Check for Rotation and Combined Compression and Rotation :

q TL,x = total rotation at the transverse axis of the bearing,including the effects
of initial lack of parallelism, creep temperature and shrinkage = 0.0004
for square bearing ;
q TL,x £ 2Dc/L = 0.064
safe
for bearing subjected to both compression and rotation @ the transverse
axis of the bearing, avg. comp. stress shall satisfy for, for bearing subjected
to shear deformation.
sc,TL £ (1.66GS)/b/(1+(Lq TL,x)/4Dc) = 2761.0 psi
safe