Argumentation The Art of Civil Advocacy 1st Edition Underberg Test Bank

Argumentation The Art of Civil Advocacy 1st Edition Underberg TEST
BANK
Full download at: https://testbanklive.com/download/argumentation-the-art-of-
civil-advocacy-1st-edition-underberg-test-bank/
Chapter 2: Credibility: The Foundation of Responsible Advocacy

Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. The concept of credibility is similar to Aristotle’s notion of .

a. pathos
b. logos
c. ethos
d. kairos
Ans: c
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Credibility
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. What is the concept that audiences use to determine if an advocate is worth listening to?
a. credibility
b. logic
c. emotion
d. decisiveness
Ans: a
3. When waiting to hear your university president speak for the first time you think to yourself
“this is sure to be boring.” Your expectation that the president’s speech would be boring is a
product of .
a. transaction-based credibility
b. dynamism
c. initial credibility
d. trustworthiness
Ans: c
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. After hearing your university president speak for the first time you think to yourself: “wow—
she is funnier than I thought that she would be!” Your response is the product of .
a. initial credibility
b. dynamism
c. trustworthiness
d. transaction-based credibility
Ans: d
5. A student introduces himself in class as a member of the cross-country and track teams, and
the professor replies that she loves having runners in class because they are disciplined students
who know how to work hard. The student in this case is the beneficiary of .
a. the halo effect
b. transaction-based credibility
c. knowledgeability
Instructor Resource
Underberg and Norton, Argumentation: The Art of Civil Advocacy
SAGE Publishing, 2018
d. testimony
Ans: a
6. Who is responsible for the accuracy of the advocate’s information?

a. the audience
b. the advocate
c. the sources
d. the organizers
Ans: b
Answer Location: Knowledge
7. Which of the following is an element of an advocate’s credibility?

a. social status
b. gender
c. economic status
d. knowledge
Ans: d
Answer Location: Factors Affecting an Advocate’s Credibility
8. As a parent of a child with a rare, chronic disease, Brooke is speaking to the administration at
her child’s school about the effect that high-stakes timed testing can have on children with
Instructor Resource
particular medical issues. Which of the following statements is most likely to be outside of that
which she can speak responsibly based on her experience?
a. the specific genetic precursors to the disease
b. how her son has reacted physically to high-stakes testing environments in the past
c. how children of others in her parent support group have reacted physically to the high-stakes
testing environments
d. what it is like as a parent to have to send a child to school who is suffering from symptoms
related to the testing they will encounter
Ans: a
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Knowledge Based on Experience
9. Mary started her speech advocating that people get help for misophonia by explaining that she
had suffered from it for years, which had encouraged her to do some additional research on its
causes. She wove that research into the speech, making sure to mention that it came from high-
quality sources. Mary was doing these things to .
a. create identification
b. use appeals to pathos
c. capitalize on kairos
d. establish credibility with her audience
Ans: d
Answer Location: Signaling Your Preparation (Without Being Annoying)
10. Teachers in a Missouri school district were admonished by some community members when
pictures of them holding a sign containing “vulgar” language while at the Women March on St.
Instructor Resource
Louis appeared on social media sites. The language was unbecoming of teachers, it was argued.
This example best demonstrates that:
a. audiences expect advocates to be trustworthy.
b. we like people to be like us in ways that matter.
c. some advocates are held to different standards than others.
d. there are limits to how much we can count on identification.
Ans: c
Answer Location: Sound Character and Goodwill
11. When an instructor dresses like her students and uses the popular slang of the day, she might
be attempting to do appeal to them through _.
a. dynamism
b. identification
c. good character
d. trustworthiness
Ans: b
Answer Location: Identification as an Instrument of Credibility
12. When addressing a hostile audience, often it is especially useful to begin by emphasizing
.
a. points of distinctiveness/disagreement
b. your expertise on the topic
c. your educational background
d. areas of agreement
Ans: d
Instructor Resource
13. Travis advocated a 5% reduction in salaries of the executives in his company so that it might
weather an economic downturn without laying off additional employees. Because this pay cut
would also affect him, Travis’s arguments were more persuasive than they might otherwise have
been. His persuasiveness was a product of .
a. his position as a reluctant advocate
b. his dynamism
c. his ability to act as a “jailhouse snitch”
d. the audience identifying with him
Ans: a
Answer Location: Appropriate Self-Interest
14. Dynamism is important in presentation because audiences take it as a sign of an advocate’s

.
a. importance
b. research
c. conviction
d. accuracy
Ans: c
Cognitive Domain: Identification
Answer Location: Dynamism
Instructor Resource
15. Doug compliments his instructor as smart and savvy as he tries to convince him to raise the
grade on his test score. How is Doug approaching the advocate/listener relationship?
a. as a seducer
b. as a lover
c. as an abuser
d. as a listener
Ans: a
Answer Location: The Advocate/Listener Relationship
True/False
1. Advocates who think of themselves as “good people” will be embraced as good people by
their audiences.
Ans: F
2. An advocate can have credibility for one audience member but not for another.
Ans: T
3. Only audience members who have seen or heard of an advocate before have opinions about
them before they speak.
Instructor Resource
Ans: F
4. In argumentation, all opinions should be considered equally valid.

Ans: F
5. Knowledgeability is an ethical issue.

Ans: T
6. A speaker’s credibility can discourage argument.

Ans: T
7. To be effective, advocates must have personal experience with the issues they discuss.
Ans: F
Instructor Resource
8. Personal experience, whether typical or not, enhances speakers’ credibility during
presentations.
Ans: F
9. Life experience provides advocates the credibility to speak on all aspects of an issue.
Ans: F
10. Overtly signaling your knowledge about an issue to your audience is unnecessarily
pretentious.
Ans: F
Answer Location: Signaling Your Preparation (Without Being Annoying)
11. Since ancient times, an advocate’s character has been linked to his or her persuasiveness.
Ans: T
12. A speaker’s dynamism can be appropriate in one situation but not in another situation.
Ans: T
Instructor Resource
13. Advocates who appear self-centered in their interests tend to have difficulty gaining their
audience’s trust.
Ans: T
14. Generally, audiences are not very concerned that advocates are trustworthy.
Ans: F
15. “Straight talkers” are often persuasive because the style appears trustworthy.
Ans: T
16. Speakers who share important aspects of their identity with their audience are more likely to
be persuasive than speakers who have nothing in common with their audience.
Ans: T
Instructor Resource
17. Mimicking the accent of your audience will make the audience more likely to believe you,
even if they begin as skeptics.
Ans: F
18. Good preparation for a speech involves familiarizing oneself with the audience’s
perspectives on a topic.
Ans: T
Answer Location: Considering the Audience’s Perspective
19. Advocates who appear interested primarily in their own gain are often seen as more credible
by an audience than those who are interested in a greater good.
Ans: F
20. The same speaker may seem more dynamic in one situation than in another.
Ans: T
21. An advocate’s argumentative posture toward his or her audience affects his or her credibility
with that audience.
Instructor Resource
Ans: T
Answer Location: The Advocate/Listener Relationship
Essay
1. Explain how background authority would influence your expectations about a speaker that
your professor invites to class.
Ans: Answers should demonstrate understanding that audiences hold preconceived notions about
the type of person that would speak in a particular type of forum. Answers may also note how
the perceptions students have of their professor would influence notions about the type of person
he or she might invite.
2. Analyze the difficulties inherent in conveying one’s credibility to the audience when speaking
to a hostile audience.
Ans: Answers should demonstrate understanding of: balancing demonstration of adequate and
appropriate knowledge without alienating an audience; being dynamic without being
overbearing; conveying good will with those who likely distrust you; and establishing authority
without discouraging engagement.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Knowledge | Identification as an Instrument of Credibility | Dynamism |
Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Hard
Instructor Resource
3. What category of people do you know that is held to higher standards than others in the
community? Why is that? What are the implications for what they can say or do?
Ans: Answers should center on those categories of people that are well respected according to
that specific community (e.g., business or religious leaders, teachers, prominent families, and
government officials), and recognize that their status is a factor of community values.
Implications should center on both advantages accorded by power (wider latitude to speak their
minds/less general discipline by the community/less questioning and more trust/etc.) and
disadvantages (higher standards around particular behaviors usually related to virtue/higher
expectations for decorum in speech and action).
4. Matt, a politically liberal and progressive man, was raised by adoptive parents whom he
adores. He is opposed to abortion, which is not typical amongst his progressive friends, but he is
not comfortable in typical anti-choice crowds either. Why might Matt be uniquely situated to
facilitate a conversation between these historically polarized groups?
Ans: Answers should center on Matt’s ability to create identification with both groups. His
progressive friends likely will not dismiss him as they would most anti-choice people because
they understand his personal situation. He also would be more likely to create some
identification with the anti-choice group because they would recognize his commitment to the
same value. If he cultivates an argument style that respects both contingents and that both can
identify with, it is more likely that he will be able to manage a more reasonable conversation
than would other advocates not similarly situated.
Instructor Resource
5. President Barack Obama’s presentational style was criticized by some as too much like a
professor lecturing to students. Analyze the benefits and the challenges of that particular style to
his ability to effectively communicate with his audiences as the president.
Ans: Obama’s style would have signaled identification with some audience subgroups more than
others. In affecting a more halting and cerebral delivery style, some might not have associated
his style with truthfulness (especially if they were skeptical of his honesty to begin with). Others
would have appreciated the serious, reflective nature and demonstration of knowledge. While
some would have complained that he lacked dynamism, others would have disregarded the
delivery in favor of focus on the content. Finally, some audiences would experience the
presentation as being talked down to or “lectured,” while others would have appreciated the
elevated discussion as an opportunity to hear a nuanced discussion by an expert.
Answer Location: Knowledge | Identification as an Instrument of Credibility | Sound Character
and Goodwill | Dynamism
Argumentation The Art of Civil Advocacy 1st Edition Underberg TEST

BANK
Full download at: https://testbanklive.com/download/argumentation-the-art-of-
civil-advocacy-1st-edition-underberg-test-bank/

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Argumentation The Art of Civil Advocacy 1st Edition Underberg TEST

Chapter 2: Credibility: The Foundation of Responsible Advocacy

1. The concept of credibility is similar to Aristotle’s notion of .

6. Who is responsible for the accuracy of the advocate’s information?

7. Which of the following is an element of an advocate’s credibility?

14. Dynamism is important in presentation because audiences take it as a sign of an advocate’s

4. In argumentation, all opinions should be considered equally valid.

5. Knowledgeability is an ethical issue.

6. A speaker’s credibility can discourage argument.

Argumentation The Art of Civil Advocacy 1st Edition Underberg TEST

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