DR. HAZLINA HUSIN Ceng.

FEI (UK)
Chartered Energy Engineer,
Chartered Petroleum Engineer
Presented at Research Methodology talk
15th June 2016
How to write a good methodology
section in an FYP 1 Report?
 Have read many Uploaded
journal articles as progress reports
required….

CHAPTER 1
Then….prepare an
FYP 1 report? CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 3

Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY
 Issues ?
• Not sure what to study.
• Not sure what methodology section is about.
• There are many ways to investigate the same
effect / same sample.
• Not sure how to decide on MV and FV.
• Too many parameters to be studied?
• Can the proposed technique be done at the
faculty / UiTM?
 What is a methodology?
• To tell your SV and coordinator that after you have listed
down 2 or 3 objectives, you are now planning to
investigate it:
– what you plan to use as the sample and any chemical
reagents which will be required.
– how you plan to investigate it.

• Include:
– Sample to be studied, chemical reagents.
– Methods: equipment, steps of actions, MV (values in range
or fix value) and FV (if possible).
– Dry lab: Software type and version, flow charts of general
steps and flow charts of individual menu bar.
 3-step methodology writing
1. Construct a research framework.
2. Include:
– list of materials (both samples and chemicals).
– variables (MV and FV) (either values in range or
fix)
– cross reference with objectives.
3. Write in a paragraph(s) with simple future tense in
passive form (will be verb–ed, -is going)
 Title: Effect of Inhibitors
upon Wax Deposition
Mechanism

Samples & Chemicals

Equipment 1

Objective 1 Objective 2
 Experimental 1 (properties of
the sample)

Experiment 2 (the real investigation !!!)

Manipulated V Manipulated V
1 2
FINALLY…your chapter 3 in FYP 1 report
will look like this…
 Chapter 3
Methodology
3.0 Introduction
This chapter explains the materials and method to
be used in investigating the effect of a list of wax
inhibitors upon the amount of wax deposited from
waxy crude oil sample under different shear rate
and temperature conditions.

3.1 Materials
Waxy crude oil sample will be obtained from XXXX.
Wax inhibitors to be used in this study are www,
xxxx, yyyy and zzzz.
3.2 Method
The properties of crude oil sample will be
characterized by using DS calorimeter and pour
point/cloud point analytical equipment.

Measurement of the amount of wax deposited from

crude oil sample will be conducted by using a
ColdFinger equipment. A fix amount of the sample
will be placed inside the ColdFinger equipment
under a fix temperature and no shear conditions.
After a certain time, the wax deposited will be
weighed. The steps will be repeated for a range of
shear and at different temperature ranges.
3.2 Method (corrected)
The properties of crude oil sample will be characterized by
using DS calorimeter and pour point/cloud point analytical
equipment.

Measurement of the amount of wax deposited from the

crude oil sample will be conducted by using a ColdFinger
equipment. 50 mL of crude oil will be placed inside the
ColdFinger equipment at 3C and no shear conditions. After
a certain time, the wax deposited will be weighed. The
steps will be repeated for shear rates from 0 to 500 rpm
with temperature will be fixed at 60C. Then, the steps will
be repeated for temperature ranges from 3C to 10C while
the shear rate will be fixed at 500 rpm.
All the steps will be repeated by using a mixture of
50 mL crude oil and 10 mL of polyethylene-co-
vinylacetate wax inhibitor. Amount of wax
deposited will be measured under (a) 3C and no
shear conditions, (b) shear rates from 0 to 500 rpm
at 3C conditions and (c) temperature ranges from
3C to 10C at 500 rpm shear rate.

Lastly, all the steps will be repeated by using

another wax inhibitor. The wax inhibitors to be used
are xxx, yyy and zzzz. The mixture of crude oil and
wax inhibitor will be investigated following the 3
conditions as before.
 Title: Effect of Additives
upon Drilling Fluid
Properties
Drilling Fluid
1-Soda Ash Addition of
2-NaCl Wax Inhibitors:
3-Viscosifier 1- Nanosilver Samples & Chemicals
5-Emulsifier 2- Tannine
4-Caustic Soda
5-Calcium Carbonate

Equipment 1 Rheometer Filtration test Equipment 2

Objective 3

Shear Rate Temperature Different

Objective 1 Objective 2
 Title: Development of
membrane
Membrane
1-Polysulfone
Additives
2- N-methyl Pyrrolidone
1- Nanosilver Samples & Chemicals
3-NaCl
2- Winged bean

Winged bean
1-89wt% NMP, 10wt% NMP, 1-Dried 150C, 3d
1wt% additive (change it for 5 2-45micron Equipment 1
different ratio)
2-Stirring 27C, 24h
3-Casting Equipment 2
4-Washing and dried

Performance test Surface Equipment 3

Equipment 4 Analysis

Objective 2 Objective 1
THANK YOU
# hazlina858@salam.uitm.edu.my
# 019 - 2255005