2017 Schirmer Braun - De.en

Ingenieurfakultät construction Geo environmental
CHAIR ur Computergest¨ -assisted modeling and simulation

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andr'e Borrmann
Partial Automated modeling of temporary structures and

construction material
Stefan Schirmer
Bachelor Thesis F
for the Bachelor of Science program in Environmental Engineering
Author: Stefan Schirmer
matriculation:
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andr'e Borrmann
Alexander Braun, M.Sc.
Date of issue: 01. November 2016
Due date: April 27, 2017

Abstract
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a new kind of construction planning. It rings in a new era of digital planning by
generating a 3D model building, as well as parameterization and administration of its data. This digital planning Enables a
better cooperation between companies, Which are Involved in the building process.
The BIM can therefore be used for checking the construction process, in order to gain higher ef fi ciency, security and Earlier
error detection. This serves to minimize delays Concerning time and costs. THEREFORE, a reference model is created,
Which Refers to the 3D building model in its target state. This state is then Compared to a laser scanning point cloud, Which
Refers to the actual state of the building. At the moment the reference model is not including construction objects: such as
formwork, sca ff olding and construction material, For Example reinforcement. This may lead to fewer matches during the
point adjustment, Which can lead to the believe of errors where there are no ones, or worse, actual Deviations might be lost
by inaccuracy. The goal of this bachelor's thesis is to minimize this inaccuracy Compared to the reference model. THUS,
for children, "All which is kindly
provided by the chair of computer aided modeling and simulation, is updated with formworkand reinforcment-speci fi c
objects. This thesis is written in addition to the work of Alexander Braun, M.Sc. (Chair of computer aided modeling and
simulation).
The thesis Compares di ff erent software solutions Concerning formwork modeling. The solutions used are PERI CAD and
DokaCAD, Which are Compared Concerning Their compatibility with Autodesk Revit, as well as Their ability to perform did
modeling tasks partly automatic and with few e ff ort for the user. Due to errors in the model, the automatic modeling only
works in parts. THEREFORE, this thesis analyzes manual techniques, Which serve to master the required task. The errors
in the model are Caused by the di ff erent interpretations of geometric information, Which are created by the data exchange
of the di ff erent programs. After a successful modeling, this incompatibility of the data formats complicates the resettlement
into the reference model. In the end,

Summary
The building information modeling (BIM) is a new type of building design, which by generating a 3D Gebäudemodells, as
well as parameterization and management of the data of a new ¨
Era of digital planning and especially the collaboration between
rule einläutet the companies involved.
BIM can also be used in the construction progress to where a higher E ffi ciency, security and a fr
to achieve and uhere error detection thus
to minimize variations in time and on budget. Here, a reference model gescha ff s, which corresponds to the 3D
Gebäudemodell in the target state, and compared to a 3DLaserscanning point cloud, the actual state of the structure. So far
the reference model does not include structures such as formwork, GER
ustbau and
Construction materials such as rebar. This can lead to less ¨ Ubereinstimm-
Ungen F at point adjustment clocks, which eventually assumed error in some places
be on what are not, or more serious is that tatsächliche deviations are lost due to the inaccuracy.
The aim of this thesis is to counter inaccuracy over the reference model to mini-
nimize. Therefore, the existing model of the "house will f for Children, "which the
CHAIR ur Computergest¨ -assisted modeling and simulation features ugung is found
supplemented by formwork and bewehrungsspezi fi c objects. This is done in complement to the research by Alexander
Braun, M.Sc. (CHAIR ur Computergest¨ NEWTs Mo-
model- ling and simulation, te unchen).
Here are several Softwarelösungen for formwork modeling, PERI CAD and DokaCAD, based on their compatibility with
Autodesk Revit and their capacity, said modeling and partly automatically little effort of the user durchzuf¨
watches,
compared. Since the automated modeling often work only partially due to errors in the model, manual methods are
examined, with which the task Let accomplish. The error in the model arise from the different interpretation of geometric
information when exchanging data between programs. This incompatibility of file formats more difficult following the
successful modeling the r
uckf¨ guidance in the reference model. Ultimately, this is indeed the wt unschte
Result of additionally modeled formwork and reinforcement components achieved in the reference model, but go a lot of
information lost during import.

IV
Table of Contents
1 Introduction guidance and goal of the work 1
1.1 EASY guidance , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1
1.2 motivation and objective of the work , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 3
1.3 Structural design work , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 4
2 Building Information Modeling 5
2.1 What is BIM? , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 5
2.2 Data exchange format Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) , , , , , , , , , , , 7
2.3 EASY uhrungsstand BIM , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 8th
3 construction progress 12
3.1 Previous approaches , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 12
3.2 Automated construction progress , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 14
4 Design of formwork components 17
5 Modeling of temporary structures and construction material 23
5.1 Modeling of formwork elements , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 23
5.1.1 Softwarelösungen: PERI CAD vs. DokaCAD8 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 23
5.1.1.1 Basic software problems , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 23
5.1.1.2 Revit and AutoCAD Export Import , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 24
5.1.1.3 AutoCAD Export and Import Revit , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 27
5.1.2 PERI CAD , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 29
5.1.2.1 Installation of PERI CAD , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 29
5.1.2.2 first modeling experiments without HfK model , , , , , , , , 30
5.1.2.3 Manual modeling on HfK model , , , , , , , , , , , , 34
5.1.2.4 export from PERI CAD and imported into Revit , , , , , , , , , 41
5.1.3 DokaCAD8 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 43
5.1.3.1 Installing DokaCAD8 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 44
5.1.3.2 first modeling experiments , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 44
5.1.3.3 Formwork modeling on HfK model , , , , , , , , , , , , 48
5.1.3.4 export from and import into Revit DokaCAD , , , , , , , , , , 54

5.1.4 Comparison of formwork modeling between PERI CAD and DokaCAD 55
5.1.5 formwork of Revit families , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 59
5.2 Modeling of reinforcing elements , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 60
5.2.1 Softwarelösungen: Revit internally vs. So fi CAD , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 60
5.2.2 internally Revit , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 60
5.2.3 SOFiCAD , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 62
6 Conclusion and outlook 63
7 Appendix A 65
VI
ABK urzungsverzeichnis
BIM Building Information Modeling
NBIMS National BIM Standard
TGA Technical Gebäudeausr¨ ustung
LV Bid document
IFC Industry Foundation Classes
NBIMS National BIM Standard
NIBS National Institute of Building Sciences
AIA American Institute of Architects
HOAI Fee Structure F for Architects and Engineers
UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite Systems
RFID Radio Frequency Identi fi cation
BMVBS Federal Ministry for for Transport, Building and Urban Development
1
Chapter 1
EASYguidance and goal of the work
1.1 EASY guidance
The housing shortage in Germany and especially in the busy Großstädten policy and construction industries alike. the R
uckgang of completed flats of
For example, once 406,567 (in 1999 to only 136,518 in 2009 Dorfmeister and Gluch .
2013 ) Meant that in M alone unchen to date a de fi cit of 40,200 flats
has set.
over the figures from 2009 not ucksichtigen this course by the migration
tion movements in J ungster time has become experience dictate housing ( Fabricius . 2015 ).
According to studies M ussten in Germany annually by the year 2020 400.000 apartments
be built to meet the needs and de fi cits remanufacturing. Demand from the migration here alone produces a jährlichen
needs of around 100,000 homes ( Seibel . 2015 ).
the STUFFED F involve uhrten de fi cits for the entire housing industry has great potential. These
Potential lies not only in the enormous increase of Bauaufträgen, but also in the restructuring of the market. Here, let new
areas nd example in the area of extension of Wertschöpfungskette to recycling Bausto ff s, fi. The theme of the smart home,
in which cross-links the functions inside the home and can be controlled best, fall within this range ( Thomas Baumanns . 2016
). the Zuk
However unftig expected construction boom also poses certain requirements. Not only the
Bauprozessgeschwindigkeit will have to be increased, but the company will continue to resist the due internationalization
competition M Ussen
( Girmscheid . 2010 ).
1.1. Introduction 2
to stay Wettbewerbsfähig this means not only the still ongoing Fachkräftemangel to counteract ( Thomas Baumanns . 2016 )
But also to adapt to the demands of the market verändernden as a result of internationalization.
Since the localized economy to international BeschA ff ungs- and sales market ever has Geo ff net, companies focused
recently more on core competencies, Nebentätigkeiten were outsourced to entrepreneurs night. This is particularly true F
for the construction sector, which its services to more comprehensive offerings
needs to expand. meanwhile m these must now its services to more comprehensive offerings
expand. Their skills belong planning, exit guiding and operating / maintenance, as well as
life-cycle-oriented Baulösungen. In addition to guarantees f for operation and under-
stop over a certain period of use in the investment costs be included ( Girmscheid .
2010 ).
The Building Information Modeling ( BIM ) Offers F for these requirements comprehensive
Slogans, as it ¨ on the consistent further use of digital data over the entire
Life cycle of a building is based. By using prede fi fi c bauspezi ned objects, components can with certain parameters and
characteristics are provided. This allows a wide range of simulation and Kalkulationsmöglichkeiten which are mainly used to
estimate the costs and e ff ektivität ( Borrmann et al. . 2015 ).
Among the Simulationsmöglichkeiten fi to which the design phase already allowed during collisions between the
components of individual systems or static point of view to fix it, the clash detection, friend. While this requires an elevated
planning effort, but guaranteed in the later construction safety BEZ
respect misplanning
as well as schedule and cost security.
The requirements of internationalization are supplemented by the requirements of the general market trends in the
construction industry. To pay especially the area of energy conservation and energy e fi ciency ( Thomas Baumanns . 2016 ).
BIM also offers here through energy needs assessment and Gebäudesimulation a solution. Here can Technical
Gebäudeausr¨
ustung ( TGA ), Usage patterns and zoning are involved ( Borr-
man et al. . 2015 ).
The digitization of construction and especially the BIM therefore represents a promising approach for solving various
challenges the construction industry. It is this universal applicability with respect to several issues is the F model such a high
relevance
for the future gives.

1.2. Motivation and goal of the work 3
1.2 motivation and objective of the work
ff with Vero entlichung the tarpaulin to verp fl maybe end EASY guidance of Building Information
Modeling ( BIM ) In all Õ ff public transport infrastructure projects from 2020 Federal Transport Minister Alexander Dobrindt
has getätigt a first major step towards the digitalization of construction at O ff public construction. This was done with a
focus on the reduction of time, costs and risks (of major construction projects BMVI . 2017 ).
Costs can be saved mainly to the effect in the infrastructure sector by the hitherto very high design and execute
uhrungsrisiken be reduced ( Girmscheid . 2010 ).
By significantly Increased coordination between the participating trades and businesses of a project, as well as the
computergest¨ ¨-assisted a check ufung on collisions and the
steady consistency of the model, can planning risks are greatly reduced. Error can already during the planning phase are
detected and corrected ( Borrmann et al. . 2015 ).
The aforementioned EXEC uhrungsrisiken to reduce, can with BIM 4D-EXEC UH
insurance planning [ 2.1 ] Are generated, thereby recognizing error in the time schedule and an optimum temporal and
substantive adaptation of the individual trades can be shall guarantee ( Borrmann et al. . 2015 ). Equally important is the area
of the construction progress. This was previously almost exclusively manually by the site manager on site instead and is a
very aufwändiger as well fehleranfälliger process (usually W
urfele et al. . 2012 ).
A solution here provides the automated construction progress, comparing with recorded by drones digital models the actual
state of the object with a pre-applied reference model. The exact procedure is described in Chapter 3.2 this work erläutert
detail.
The aim of this work is in this automated process, the reference model both for the geometric modeling of temporary
structures such as formwork and GER Usten, as well as to
Construction materials such as rebar to favorites. Thus, the comparison with the actual condition in relation to the
construction progress is much more accurate, and false Bauausf¨
guides can at sufficiently regelmäßiger ¨ a check ufung FR are detected early time.
1.3. Structural design work 4
1.3 Structural design work
The structure of this work is divided into four main areas. Initially, an EASY done
(Guidance in the building information modeling BIM ), Followed by the presentation of
automated construction progress and the general g ultigen standards and guidelines
for the design of formwork components. The connection form the modeling of temporary structures and construction material
for the expansion of the reference model using the example of the model of the "House F
for children "to the automatic adjustment to the actual state of the
PROPERTY improve during construction.
in chapter 2 is a simp guidance in the area of the building information modeling, whose
Functionalities, EXQUISITE uge and EASY given uhrungsstand.
The subsequent chapter 3 deals with the construction progress. Here, the automated construction progress is examined by
looking at the previous manual procedures of monitoring of construction processes. The main focus is on the procedure and
the background between the functional trimming of actual and target state of the building project.
in chapter 4 are the basics, and currently g ultige rules and standards for the design
represented by shuttering components. This will in addition to the ¨ Overview about to be observed
Standards, the view of the DAF for calculations applicable sharp, which in the Al
treatment algorithms of the software for automated formwork modeling.
The chapter 5 This three-part structure is concerned with the fi rst comparison of some Softwaremöglichkeiten regard to
their compatibility with the program Autodesk Revit in which, in this case created the reference model and gep fl egt is. Since
most of these Softwarelösungen based on the program Autodesk AutoCAD, here is a special focus on the exchange of data
between the BIM-based program Autodesk Revit, in which the originally
ungliche reference model was modeled, and said Autodesk
AutoCAD down. Then the model is ¨ in the appropriate software transmitted and
there supplemented by the geometries of temporary structures and construction material. It is advantageous goods here, if these
bear the ORIGINAL unglichen schedule of the model are coupled
could to make possible a preview of the next Bauprozessschritt and thus achieve a better construction progress.
This work St Utzt to the research project by Alexander Braun, M.Sc. TU
m unchen F at the Chair ur Computergest¨ -assisted modeling and simulation (CMS) to loading
sagtem example of the construction project "House F for children. "

5
Chapter 2
Building Information Modeling
2.1 What is BIM?
Building Information Modeling is the digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a plant
and clam ff t by a sharable pool of relevant data a reliable basis for decisions during the entire life cycle of the
structure, of the FR
uhesten idea to the R uckbau.
( NBIMS . 2016 )
This de fi nition of National BIM Standard ( NBIMS ) includes substantially all of the core statements that BIM account. When
using BIM an object-oriented 3D Gebäudemodell is created which contains in addition to the geometry data nor such type
information of the components, technical characteristics or costs ( Borrmann et al. .
2015 ).
Sweeping possible applications arise from the fact that this model is equipped with various parameters as additional
information besides the actual 3D model. The time parameter allows, for example, to plan the construction process in detail
and Logistikkon fl icts FR
early time to be recognized. then referred to as 4D BIM with time as the fourth
Dimension. Furthermore, can be different construction or assembly processes simulate (5D-BIM) by providing information
such as quantities, construction costs and resources. Continue to let this through the use of life-cycle aspects such as
material recycling, which statements ¨
about the sustainability of a building GETRO ff s will can (6D
BIM). Last can be called even aspects of facility management, which is then called 7D BIM ( Behaneck . 2015 ).
Thus be box at a consistently held model about cross to planning,
FAIL answer uhrungs- and use-related issues. The focus is on holistic

2.1. What is BIM? 6
che consideration of the building ¨ over the entire life cycle in the foreground and closes
thus also stages such as maintenance, disposal or recycling with a ( Behaneck .
2015 ). By consistently using digital data, the consistency of the model and the possibility to have multiple trades working on
an overall model, it not only avoids multiple entries, but also has the advantage that already during the planning processes
con fl icts or collisions Gepr
can be UFT ( Borrmann et al. . 2015 ).
The benefits of a BIM-based operation resulting in summary as follows:
- Derivation of consistent standard-compliant 2D drawings from the model ( Borrmann et al. . 2015 )
- be connected calculations and simulations can (eg quantity determination or Wärmebedarfsermittlung) ( Borrmann et
al. . 2015 )
- Increasing the cost and schedule stability ( Behaneck . 2015 )
- Optimization of planning and execute uhrungsqualität ( Behaneck . 2015 )
- gewerk about cross Kollisionspr¨ ufung ( Behaneck . 2015 )
- Better risk management ( Eschenbruch et al. . 2014 )
- construction progress ( Borrmann et al. . 2015 )
The improved cost stability is knitted by BIM -assisted quantity determination obtained. These
Beg unstigt also companies that F ur want to create a tender a construction project,
because with these exact amounts accurate bills LV can be realized ( Thomas Baumanns . 2016 ).
Another point which is such as Autodesk Revit beneficial in BIM-capable software, the simple and rapid visualization of Dev
urfen or even the entire
Model. This is especially positive F for the client, as this by a better
Understanding of the building task acquires and Dev urfe be understood better and faster
can ( Eschenbruch et al. . 2014 ).
F, according to a study by the Federal Ministry for Transport, Building and Urban Development ( BMVBS )
thereby shifting the effort along the phases from the design phase to the preliminary phase, which result in a higher cost in
the FR uheren project phases
leads ( Eschenbruch et al. . 2014 ). However, F Watch the previously mentioned consistency and
Kollisonsfreiheit zenzgewinnen later to e ffi, not least, especially in the construction phase, since nachträgliche ¨
Changes during the construction process Hau fi collisions F watches.

2.2. Data exchange format Industry Foundation Classes ( IFC ) 7
Figure 2.1: Advancement of planning decisions and -Expenses, source: http: // www.
geb-info.de/Cache/GENTNER/10022/GV-SVG-EXPORT-20130305-1158 Mzk4NTY5Wg.JPG , Last accessed on 04.07.2017
[ Fig. 2.1: Advancement of planning decisions and -Expenses]
The above-illustrated Gra fi k 2.1 illustrates the shifting of the planning effort in previously herkömmlicher procedure (yellow
line) and at the approach to BIM (blue curve). The separation of the individual phases as well as the said displacement in FR
uhere
Project phases are clearly visible.
2.2 Data exchange format Industry Foundation Classes ( IFC )
As discussed preceded a major advantage of BIM is the trades ubergreifen-
de cooperation especially in the preliminary design and planning phase. In this context, the notion ff BIG OPEN BIM was
coined. It refers to the use of digital data durchgängige of Gebäudemodells ¨
over the entire life
cycle (BIG BIM) in connection with the use of o ff ener data formats (OPEN BIM) ( Borrmann et al. . 2015 ). O ff ene,
manufacturer-independent data format are mandatory, as occur in the use of the variety of functions, Gebäudemodells by
various software products for use. Under normal circumstances, the file formats of these software products are among
themselves or only Restricted Area compatible. For example, in this case the software products Autodesk AutoCAD and
Autodesk Revit can STUFFED
be carried out. The overall international non-pro fi t organization buildingSmart
long to develop a neutral data format that a comprehensive semantic and

2.3. EASY uhrungsstand BIM 8th
shall guarantee geometrical description of the construction model and at the same time minimizes the loss of data in the
exchange. The IFC quickly established themselves as the standard for the implementation of the OPEN BIM - thought to
reduce with the aim of the lack of interoperability between software products, thereby improving the work fl ow and ultimately
the cooperation of the trades. decisive F
for the rapid development and deployment
into various software products is the free and free accessibility of the IFC standards ( Borrmann et al. . 2015 ).
But depends faultless and e ffi cient use of this format, or other neutral file formats such as STEP, on the implementation in
the respective software from. Since the IFC data format is a very complex format in which different geometric
representations in a variety of ways can be modeled software manufacturers often implement only a portion of the import
and Exportmöglichkeiten the IFC. Thus, the effort is reduced in that format contribute with all its complexity to the whole to
Ussen. However, arrangements are ¨ about the exact export and import of two
Companies required to avoid incompatibilities that may occur ( Borrmann et al. . 2015 ).
2.3 EASY uhrungsstand BIM
Compared to other nations such as Britain, Singapore, Finland and the United States, Germany is in terms of use of BIM far
only one Nachreiterrolle. In Finland it is verp example fl ichtend to create a digital Gebäudemodell once an o ff entliches
construction projects with a budget of ¨
filed over one million euros
becomes. ¨The same is true in Singapore, where since 2004 verp all o ff public construction projects are fl ichtend digitally
submitted ( Borrmann et al. . 2015 ).
In both countries, is a very special importance to the o ff ene data transmission format
IFC placed. This is as described in section 2 described essential to digital Gebäudemodelle along with their semantics ¨
transmitted, so planners of different trades the same
can edit using a wide variety of software model.
In the UK in 2011 was a 4-step plan to EASY Public guidance of BIM in all Õ ff
Construction projects approved. Seen in the figure below 2.2 , It is the gradual transition from a pure 2D plan to work with
Web-based processes ( Borrmann et al. . 2015 ).

2.3. EASY uhrungsstand BIM 9
Figure 2.2: Gradual transition of the British government to BIM, source: http: //
www.bimtaskgroup.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/BIS-BIM-strategy-Report.pdf , Last accessed on 04.07.2017
[ Fig. 2.2: Procedure for gradual transition of the British government to BIM]
The goal of the British government is through digital technologies in construction a higher e ff ektivität and achieve safety
and lower risks. Although the main benefits of BIM is in the planning phase prior to construction are as demonstrated in
several studies, alone in the area of the construction process can be saved 8-10% of the cost. This is not BER
taken into account are the savings in the area of operational management and facility management ( Working Group . 2011
).
The total cost of a construction project can thus be reduced by 15-20% ( Blackwell .
2012 ).
A non vernachlässigender factor is also the one that the British government might also reduce by resulting from BIM
measures and savings of greenhouse gas emissions by 50% ( Borrmann et al. . 2015 ).
The most common is the building information modeling in the US. Here, several sets of rules for practical use of BIM already
exist. An essential step here was the EASY
guidance of a National BIM Standard ( NBIMS ) By the National Insti-
tute of Building Sciences ( NIBS ). Under this standard, several otherwise BIM standards GEB
undelt, including data exchange processes and formats ( Borrmann
et al. . 2015 ).
play a key role in the practical implementation while the work of the American Institute of Architects ( AIA ) on. This is F
"templates for the comparison contractual
agreements of BIM projects available.??The ugung "( Borrmann et al. . 2015 ).

but are precisely where the größten problems with the EASY guidance of BIM in
Germany.
In Germany, the BIM method is currently used almost fl at cover and also often only partially rather than as a single
procedure. Although so fi nd an in-house using 3D Gebäudemodellen place, but once data is exchanged with other trades,
will return to the previous format of 2D CAD data
uck overall
gri ff ene ( Eschenbruch et al. . 2014 ).
are still in Germany many H ere legal and technical-economic Na-
overcome
close the door before BIM can nd a widespread acceptance and fl at fi broad application in the German construction
industry. When the größten barriers are always f the provisions of the Fee Structure
for Architects and Engineers ( HOAI ) And contract
structures discussed.
As shown in Figure 2.1 good to see and Chapter 2.1 short erläutert, the effort along the phases moves into the pre-design
phase. The problem here is now that the HOAI :
"With its rigid, oriented to the execution of certain phases VERG

utungsmodell not inherent in the BIM collaborative approach together passe. "( Eschenbruch et
al. . 2014 )
This means that certain inputs such as creating a 3D model Not Forgotten
ood W ere because it is an extra power that the ORIGINAL unglichen
is work phases of HOAI not de fi ned. W So urde the client to Auftragneh-
mer not separately entrust this power, this power, which is essential fabric F
for the further planning, Not Forgotten ood. The HOAI traditionally followed a sequential
System in which a power image based on the other, thus no one in advance F
ur needs to go a different power phase. BIM, however, requires an integral Denkund approach in which all those
involved in planning parallel and jointly develop the project ( Eschenbruch et al. . 2014 ).
More H ere addition to the provisions of the HOAI are:
- Bescha ff ungskosten F for appropriate IT and software licenses ( Eschenbruch et al. .
2014 )
- Education and training of employees ( Eschenbruch et al. . 2014 )
- Ensuring the functioning data interchange ( Eschenbruch et al. . 2014 )
- Training on BIM bezogenene coordination and communication ( Eschenbruch et al. . 2014 )

In STUFFED uhrten States, which have been working a lot with BIM, it is the state that "as a
größter contracting a SCHL usselrolle in EASY guidance of BIM occupies "( Borrmann
et al. . 2015 ). Therefore, the projects of Federal Transport Minister Alexander Dobrindt, from 2020 auszuf¨ all o ff public
infrastructure projects with BIM watches, the first decisive
Step. These m Ussen still F Standard regulations ur created and the use of existing
VERGutungs- and contract structures to be adjusted.

12
Chapter 3
construction progress
The following section of the work the general as well as the automated scheme of construction progress is erläutert. This
happens imHinblick that the treated in the following chapter on modeling reference model, the functionality will increase just
this.
3.1 Previous approaches
"Construction progress by BTVG is a control of the capital gains and primary no quality control. The
construction progress secures the ERF
ullungsanspruch the purchaser against the real estate development in the construction phase, the Sicherungsp fl
maybe the Bauträgers ends "technical" with the ¨ Handing over of the completed
Contract object detected. "( kppk ZT GmbH . 2017 )
Legislators liked with statutory provisions such as these buyers who have getätigt payments in advance of construction,
keep from losing them in poor performance on the part of the contractor. Therefore, payments are sought after installment
plan to gewährleisten to that paid rates correspond to the services provided by the real estate development services in
about.
To this end, the entire building project is divided into individual construction stages at which orientate the payouts
PURSUANT the installment plan ( Mason Kollenz . 2013 ).
In the current form of the building project monitoring the main task at the comparable
irresponsible bauleitenden architect or engineer (hereafter simply referred to as a site manager).

3.1. Previous procedures 13
His responsibilities numbers include:
- ¨ Monitoring the EXEC guidance on the design uhrungsplan, terms of reference and general
common accepted rules of technology ( W urfele et al. . 2012 )
- Setting up and ¨ About monitoring a schedule ( W urfele et al. . 2012 )
- Common allowance with contractors ( W urfele et al. . 2012 )
- Cost management ( W urfele et al. . 2012 )
- Quality control (through identification and elimination of mangling W urfele et al. .
2012 )
- Decrease of works ( W urfele et al. . 2012 )
- Coordination at the object monitoring employees involved ( W urfele et al. .
2012 )
- L uckenlose F guidance of a work register ( W urfele et al. . 2012 )
The inclusion of the client carried However uhrten tasks usually happens always
even by hand. This requires a regelmäßige Präsenz of the site, which thereby also any unauthorized deviations can
determine the construction schedule or timetable. In particular, the tasks of the permanent control of quality, Completeness
and accuracy F
watch on construction sites from a certain large still difficulties. The team of employees of the object
monitoring must größenmäßig adapt and overall
neralbauleiter is at too high a complexity of the object supported by a plurality of construction manager
Utzt ( W urfele et al. . 2012 ).
Just by the Chapter 1.1 addressed demanded increasing the Bauprozessgeschwindigkeit assumes the task of building
project monitoring an increasingly large expectant STEL
lenwert one. By ständige control and ¨ is Uberwachungsdruck the EXEC uhrenden under-
do not take the opportunity given until the specifications and conformity with EXEC
departing guidance ( Ansorge . 2011 ).
Although after the reasonable limit no site manager has to be a permanent presence on site and craftsmanship
Selbstverständlichkeiten as painting, laying floors or simple earthworks no exact ¨
Monitoring by the site manager
Bed urfen, the construction manager must not least for Haftungsgr¨ reasons its Obligations very
take seriously ( Alexandra SEEM Muller . 2007 ).
monitoring
The consequences of inadequate construction are usually clear Baumängel which a Nichterf¨ filling
the contractually agreed Bausolls represent. Be lack noticed in time,

3.2. automated construction progress 14
be rectified can this in many cases, but with erhöhtem billing technical complexity in the background and with delays in the
construction process. Many lack of roof waterproofing, Wärmedämmungen, conduits or moisture protection work on the
whole Gebäudeh¨
ulle are usually absent or very late notice.
This often takes lengthy and costly litigation by themselves, which often fail at the expense of the purchaser.
It should be the endeavor, möglichst digitized, automates this process and safer.
3.2 Automated construction progress
In the automated construction progress, also called Progress Tracking, an attempt is made digitally map the process of
manual control. the DAF ur reference benötigte
model is the 3D Gebäudemodell, which is needed as part of the BIM-based working anyway. It repräsentiert the
construction SOLL. is essential here is that all the components are subject to a temporal fourth dimension which zulässt a
clear assignment to the respective construction and the schedule. F
for the control shall be the actual state of the
called PROPERTY, or "as-built", recorded comparable digital ( Bosch'e et al. . 2010 ).
Possibilities of data collection are here:
- Global Navigation Satellite Systems ( GNSS )
- Radio Frequency Identi fi cation ( RFID )
- laser scanning
- Photogrammetric methods
The possibilities of Progress Tracking ¨ about GNSS and RFID suitable to components
even while to track the supply chain. This already allows a priori (a priori) a check of the schedule. The RFID also facilitates
identi fi cation and control of resource usage to avoid erroneous Lagerbestände and to guarantee the Completeness of
example Schalungssätzen ( G
unther .
- ) , What can not these two methods, the exact Objektlageschätzung. The 3D laser scanning, besides the existence of the
component in place even detect its Lageschätzung and thus already make a contribution to better Mängelerkennung ( Bosch'e
et al. . 2010 ).
This work focuses hereafter only to photogrammetric methods since the research project also considers only this
methodology. Here screen shots of the building are created as a single image or groups, and then calculates a 3D point
cloud. serves to receive a digital herkömmliche Spiegelre fl exkamera, optionally with a Super CCD chip to the possible fl
solution by interpolation to increase again ( Kersten and Acevedo Pardo . 2002 ). The images created are ¨
over control points verkn¨ together upft to all data in the same coordinate system
transform. The selection of the control points to be used here includes various ways. On the one hand can be metered
tachymetrically control points are used, provided that this in the same coordinate system as the model fi nd. On the other
hand, can nat
urliche pass points are used, that is pixels which
have already been measured in the model coordinate system. These should be clearly and can clearly assigned. It emp fi
EHLT right to combine or procedures to be used depending on Baustellenund concealment situation to change.
Äbout verkn¨ these control points can images and image groups together upft be even
when these are little or no ¨ overlap. In-area multi-storey and large FL
Construction sites is called in the construction documentation from the air. For data acquisition also ¨
However, about photogrammetric surveys, the Aufnah-
megerät here on the swivel arm of a crane or mounted as possible since newest (at the bottom of an Unmanned Aerial
Vehicle UAV ).
¨ by the image pickup about UAV's is a sufficiently good ¨ Overlapping of recordings
given. If desired, the structure of the drone also ¨ over several Blickwin-
kel undWiederholungen be considered without impair the construction fl uence large. Thus a dense cover is ensured with
photography and ensures higher accuracy in späteren matching process. "Thief
undelblockausgleichung verkn¨ upft the position
of points in 3D space, the positions and orientations of the observing cameras and their internal Kalibirierparameter any
number of pictures "( Wikipedia .
2017 ).
During the subsequent image matching a score is DAF ur created what extent
the derivatives of structural components from the 3D point cloud ¨ with the reference component
to match. For this purpose ur f for a flat component fl at the points which in a
certain distance around the component fi nd extracted and divided into grid cells. Then a measure f
For each grid fl calculated to determine whether the
Points of the 3D point cloud confirm the component in the respective grid. It is set a threshold value to the calculated degree
must be at least to be considered as a component fl ( Brown et al. . 2015 ).

The aim of the procedure is an e ffi ciency of the construction process by Fr. uhzeitiges recognition
of delays, errors or mangling. The schedule can through this regelmäßige ¨
Monitoring each be updated times therefore and optionally reacted.

17
Chapter 4
Design of formwork components
This chapter deals with the current G ultigen rules and standards for the design of
Formwork elements. This will be the inferential durchzuf¨ uhrenden calculations erörtert,
which f for the subsequent modeling of formwork components ausgewählten soft-
ware versions, PERI CAD and DokaCAD treat their algorithms of automatic formwork M
Ussen. It provides only a general Erläuterung represents and fi nd in the successor
constricting chapters of this work no further input.
to the BER in the calculations ucksichtigenden parameters resulting from Basically
ERF the requirements and objects which form components in the preparation of reinforced concrete components
Ullen m Ussen. This includes the shape of the component to be switched, the
Securing the position of this and, hauptsächlich decisive F for the calculation of Schalbau-
parts, the power dissipation ( PERI . 2011 ).
covered by the ablated forces:
- Fresh concrete pressure side and concrete weight ( PERI . 2011 )
- Net weight of the formwork and GER uste ( PERI . 2011 )
- Additional loads of wind, GER Usten, Au fl asten ( PERI . 2011 )
The design of formwork components several standards have to BER ucksichtigen. since the
two materials hauptsächlich steel and wood are used, the formwork planning is accordingly often in Ber
guidance to standards DIN 18800 ( Steel structures) and
DIN 1052 ( Timber structures). Although it was the DIN 18800 by the DIN EN 1090 replaced and DIN 1052 to
retracted and DIN EN 1995, However, access for accession
often still, as the European standards do not cover the standards derogations the relevant DIN completely. In addition, the
standard DIN 1045 ( Reinforced concrete), since the function of formwork is the production of reinforced concrete structures.
The same applies to DIN

18
1045, which by DIN EN 1992 was replaced. Horizontal and inclined slab formwork and vertical wall and ST
utzenschalungen numbers to the group of Tragger¨ fists,
whereby the DIN EN 12812 ( Tragger¨ to BER uste) is ucksichtigen. If the Scha-
ments and GER uste in any form as well as Arbeitsger¨ uste is to be used,
In addition, the DIN 4420 ( Labor and Schutzger¨ uste) to consult ( Malpricht . 2010 ).
Below are the dimensions of DIN EN 12812 and, if applied to formwork constructions DIN 1052 in the Grundz¨
ugen shown. When dimensioning
after DIN EN 12812 are basically to ERF two proofs Ullen. First, the After-
setting the carrying capacity and secondly, the Detection of serviceability ( Malpricht .
2010 ).
First, the calculations are treated for detecting the bearing capacity. Here, the principle is that "the effects S d less than or
equal to the rated resistance R d M be "
Ussen ( Malpricht . 2010 ). The design value f for the effects Q d must PURSUANT
DIN EN 12812 ( Tragger¨ uste) from the sum of the actions taking into ucksichtigung
various load combinations are calculated according to the following formula:
Q d = Σ γ F, i · ψ i · Q k, i
γ F, i = partial factor F for actions
ψ i = Load combination factor F for actions
Data on effects:
Q 1 Dead loads: Tragger¨ asten ust, formwork, de fl
Q 2 veränderliche permanent vertical loads
Q 3 veränderliche permanent horizontal loads
Q 4 veränderliche transient loads
Q 5 maximum wind
Q 6 working wind
Q 7 fl ießendes water or Seismic
Q 8th indirect effects such as temperature, ratios, biasing
Following is f for the respective Tragger¨ ust determines the tax class. Depending on classical
se join hereafter different calculations and requirements for the design of. Basically, these are divided into two design
classes A and B.
19
While ¨ in Class A, the "stability through knowledge about the structural behavior of the
Components of the structure "( Malpricht . 2010 ) Is achieved, is in class B F for the Tragger¨ ust
a vollständige assessment made. In Class A the ability is determined to absorb the load solely on the basis of experiences
and practices preserved, which makes this type of assessment only F
ur simply suitable structures. is, however
required a vollständige static calculation and the creation of graphic representations in class B.
The class B is in turn divided into two sub-classes B1 and B2. "If the design in the first place according to European
standards of Euro code Series F
ur design is performed, the Tragger¨ ust assign the rated class B1 "( Malpricht .
2010 ). This leads to the design value of the resistor R d, 1 according to the following formula:
R d, 1 = R k
γM
with R k = characteristic value of the resistor and γ M = Partial safety factor of s
Material s
The following requirements relate to the classification in the tax class B1:
- Written information about the calculation ( Malpricht . 2010 )
- Detailed drawings ( Malpricht . 2010 )
- details f for the site ( Malpricht . 2010 )
- Indication to deformations ( Malpricht . 2010 )
- Calculating the Schnittkräfte ( Malpricht . 2010 )
leads and only in

"If the design in the first place according to DIN EN 12812 even carried
second line to the other European standards that will Tragger¨ ust the rated
class B2 associated "( Malpricht . 2010 ). The formula for calculating the design value of the resistor R d, 2 Andert be here
geringf¨ ugig:
R d, = 2 R k
γ M · 1, 15
Insofar the effects S d less than or equal to the design resistance R d are the proof of the bearing capacity is ERF
lled.
This is followed by the detection of the suitability for use, are to be examined in which the following points to gewährleisten
the required shape of the structure:

20
- The reduction of the GR ignition ( Malpricht . 2010 )
- Elastic deformations and play in the compounds ( Malpricht . 2010 )
- The deflection of the transformer ( Malpricht . 2010 )
w A close look at this calculation However urde ¨ beyond the scope of this work
go out and is not objective of this. To be observed here deformations are as f
for compliance with the flatness requirement for DIN 18202 required.
In the following the requirements PURSUANT the assessment are to DIN 1052 ( Timber structures) shows which
simultaneously DIN EN 12812 ( Tragger¨ advertising implemented uste)
the need.
Here is first the sum of the Lastfälle consisting of ständigen loads g k and payloads q k, calculated and following the resulting
moment M Max and the lateral force V Max. To demonstrate the carrying capacity, the evidence of the bending stress and shear
stress are separate to provide. The bending stress detection is F
for the single-axis
Bending and tilting of rectangular cross sections, as well as the shear stress detection F
ur carried out the shear strength of rectangular cross-sections. The precise mathematical calculation is not erörtert here.
"Since it is at formwork to temporäre constructions, is a proof of the suitability for use within the meaning of DIN 1052 Unnecessary
"( Malpricht . 2010 ). However, the proof of flatness tolerance must be provided, F
for which the calculation of throughput
is required deflection of the individual structural elements. Because after striking the concrete wall no correction of any
deviations, based on the flatness of the components is more possible, it is necessary to form already in advance DAF
ur
to measure. This is to ensure that the concrete upper fl shelled components not PURSUANT the required tolerances in
building construction DIN 18202 ¨ exceeds ( Malpricht . 2010 ).
Ultimately, one of the main points of the formwork, GER Ust and anchor design
the concrete pressure, which must be absorbed by the lining skin and worn. An important role plays the f
ur scheduled the fresh concrete gravity γ. This is loud
DIN 18218 ( Concrete pressure on vertical formwork) with a total value of
γ d = 26 kN / m 3 to be set. Since the fresh concrete pressure for the design of formwork structures, Abst
utzungen and anchors is considered dead load, this can be used as
characteristic value of the action of σ hk be calculated:
σ hd = γ F · σ hk
γ F The partial safety factor and can the DIN EN 12812 be removed.
21
"The calculation of the characteristic values of the maximum possible Frichbetondrucks
σ hk, max F for different rates of climb and consistency classes "( Malpricht . 2010 )
is due to the following table 4.1 possible.
Figure 4.1: Characteristic values F ur σ hk, max, Source: http://www.schalungsplanung.de/

handout / Chapter 2-4.pdf , Last accessed on 04.07.2017
In addition here is the attention to the following table 4.2 required by a factor K1 as a function of the reimbursement end after
t e in [h] to determine.
Figure 4.2: Determination of the factor K1 as a function of the solidification end t e, Source:
http://www.schalungsplanung.de/handout/Kapitel 2-4.pdf , Last accessed on 04.07.2017
The calculation of the fresh concrete pressure is therefore according to the following scheme:
1) determining the length of the concreting
2) determining the amount of concrete
3) determining the Betonierleistung
4) Calculation of Betonierdauer
5) Calculation of the rate of climb

22
6) determining the consistency of concrete
ACCORDING 7) calculating the maximum concrete pressure DIN 18218 depending on previously
NEN tables
23
Chapter 5
Modeling of temporary structures and construction

material
In this chapter the modeling of the formwork and reinforcement elements in the project as the "house will f
for children "carried leads. This is done with regard to the use
the geometries created characterized in matching alignment of the construction progress.
5.1 Modeling of formwork elements
The focus of the modeling work is in the range of formwork components as these ¨
are installed over a longer time on the site and thus r before the actual concreting the wall
influences
conclusions to on compliance with the schedule and the
Allow scheduling.
5.1.1 Softwarelösungen: PERI CAD vs. DokaCAD8
The formwork modeling is carried by the respective CAD application of the two formwork manufacturer PERI and Doka
leads. Here, special emphasis is placed on
that earnings for Autodesk Revit Let export to there can make further edits to the construction progress services.
5.1.1.1 Basic software problems
The two F for the task of Schalungsdmodellierung ausgewählten software versions,
PERI CAD and DokaCAD8, based on the Autodesk product AutoCAD Architecture. AutoCAD is a vector-oriented drawing
program which is based on the creation of

5.1. Modeling of formwork elements 24
Primitives such as lines, polygons, circles, arcs and texts bounded to as a representation of the real world made the
universe, ff s. Revit contrast created geometries based on real data ( Autodesk . 2017 ). Revit is a BIM-supported
utzende software, why not
as is modeled in AutoCAD only lines, but finished components. These components are provided in a high degree with
semantics, such as the material properties of a component to make possible the BIM typical analyzes and simulations.
Although an object-oriented modeling is now possible in AutoCAD, so the direct modeling, for example, t
acids, windows and walls. However, these are not
parameterized as in Revit and are therefore not to fähig analyzes and simulations as Wärmebedarfsberechnung.
AutoCAD uses the ShapeManager as Gemoetrie kernel, whereas Revit uses a completely new, independent of this kernel. A
geometry kernel is a "software module that elementary data structures and operations Repräsentation and processing of
geometrical information on the author
ugung represents "( Borrmann et al. . 2015 ). The
Information geometry representation from Revit W ere therefore in AutoCAD otherwise in-
be interpreted or not would be able, certain operations durchzuf¨ watches,
since they are not provided by the geometry kernel.
Because of these reasons, reasons the compatibility, in this case, the processing of a Revit Mo-
dells in AutoCAD is not clearly clarified, will set up a series of experiments which will ultimately integrate into the BIM
workflow de fi ne. The test series is as follows. Fi rst attempts are BEZ
respect of the import of the model to edit software
tested. Then an attempt is made to the model uck to export to Revit to festzu-
ask whether the model after ¨ is at all still fit for use. Following is the
automated formwork modeling fundamentally in terms of its OFFf guidance and
considered approach. This is done fi rst in specially prepared building situations, to avoid being disturbed by any errors in the
imported model. Then the same methods on the model of the "House f
applied for children. "
5.1.1.2 Revit and AutoCAD Export Import
The in Chapter 2.2 mentioned neutral data exchange format IFC, is f for the
This problem prädesitniert. Due to the different geometry kernel, w
ere background information which F for AutoCAD are not relevant when importing
get lost. The consequences thereof are later still EXEC uhrlicher discussed.
In principle, the Revit data format in which it was the model created and saved, not be imported into AutoCAD. The model
must therefore be converted into a AutoCADinterpretierbaren Code and exported. For this reason, in
first attempt aimed at an IFC export from Revit and a successful import into AutoCAD.
By expanding the app "IFC 2016" F for Revit can export and import
possibilities F for Revit be expanded, creating a very precise adjustment of the export
is made possible to the respective requirements. Basically is an IFC export but possible even without this extension. ¨
About the Home button in the program can directly to the tab "Export" → "IFC" are angewählt. The file format in this study
the "IFC Coordination View 2.0" is chosen. This format is based on the IFC 2x3 schema and the newer Modellansichtsde fi
nition "Coordination View 2.0" ( Autodesk . 2016 ).
However, the import of the IFC file contains some H ere. Fi rst version was
AutoCAD Architecture 2015 chosen as this system prerequisite for the PE software
RI CAD is that f among others following ur used the formwork modeling
shall be. To the O ff nen an IFC file must be a new drawing in AutoCAD as First
be created, only then is the option to feature ugung. Alternatively, the import may also
b̈e accessed via the command bar by means of the command "IFCIMPORT".
After selecting the file to be imported and the folder, in which a new project is created (in this the drawings While the import
created are stored), the import can be started immediately. Due to a previously unknown fault, importing and the associated
creation of AutoCAD drawings interpretable is canceled. In the following two figures the selection window for ¨
O ff nen IFC file 5.1 and thereby resulting error message 5.2 to
see.
Figure 5.1: Selection window for ¨ O ff nen egg Figure 5.2: Error message when importing an IFC file in AutoCAD
ner IFC
The error messages and reports were forwarded to the support from Autodesk. In a first diagnosis no error in the installation
or use of the software could be recognized, so must fi rst Autodesk itself with this problem involved before this purpose
for a solution can be found.

In order to be able to exclude an error which may occur in the exported IFC file, it is loaded into the Solibri Model Viewer and
controlled there. Here, no errors were detected. This also applies
ur files which in other formats as "co-
ordination view "were exported, such as" 2.0 IFC 2x3 GSA BIM Concept Design 2010 "or" IFC 2x3 Coordination View. "
This betri ff t but only the versions of AutoCAD Architecture 2015 and 2016. In the latest version of 2017, the proceeds ¨
O ff NEN the file according to the same procedure pure
without a hitch. There are COMPLETE layers of the model imported and each of these into a DWGZeichnungsdatei ¨
convertedleads.
Due to the fact that are imported via AutoCAD Architecture 2015, IFC file
can m currently would have to detour following the work process carried be carried out when a
Formwork modeling is to take place with the based on AutoCAD 2015 PERI CAD:
1) modeling the model in Revit
2) exporting of the model in weight unschten IFC
3) import the export file into AutoCAD Architecture 2017
4) Edit the created when importing drawings, in this case PERI CAD, O ff nen and
The result of the import in AutoCAD 2015 shows F following the example of the level 0 of the reference model "House
for children "in the illustration 5.3 :
Figure 5.3: Level F 0 of the "house for children, "according ¨ O ff nen in AutoCAD Architecture 2017
Alternatively, a DWG file can be exported directly from Revit. This W urde the
detour ¨ about the IFC file which are first imported into AutoCAD 2017 m would have to comparable,
avoided (in case of use of PERI CAD). This export will work on in Revit
the same way as with IFC files can be used in AutoCAD, however, directly Geo ff net are. The following figure 5.4 shows in
AutoCAD Geo ff Neten DWG export from Revit:
Figure 5.4: F The exported in DWG format 3D view of the house for children in AutoCAD
Geo ff net
5.1.1.3 AutoCAD Export and Import Revit
To determine whether a model which has been edited in AutoCAD, ¨ at all in
Revit is importable, is following the ¨ O ff nen IFC file in AutoCAD this
again exported in IFC format and in Revit Geo ff net.
The export can in AutoCAD ¨ about the home button → "Export" → started "IFC"
become. Before exporting can ¨ via the button "Options" to export
Objects to be controlled. However, the export format is always "CoordinationView V2.0". After this
O ff nen the exported IFC file can several findings GETRO ff s will.
These are the example of export of the plane F 0 of the House for children, shown in Figure
5.5 And whose import into Revit in Figure 5.6 illustrated.
Figure 5.5: ORIGINAL ungliche representation of Figure 5.6: Representation of the Ebene0 to import the exported
Ebene0 in the Revit file AtuoCAD model in Revit
Au is FF to faults partial fl at-wide lack of window components. This is very clearly visible on the large façade windows, which
should be available on the west side of the building. The same window on the facade faces S
ud and East are, however, available.
Furthermore, it should be noted that T COMPLETE acids in the inner region of the model, as well as a
Much of the T acids on the outside wall are no longer present.
To recognize also that the wall were fl created by triangulation. The exported IFC model is imported to check back into the
Solibri model viewer to determine if this is a bug in the exported file, or whether it is a reconstruction error of Revit.
As in the figure below 5.7 to see all the parts are here ordnungsgemäß reconstructed. It can therefore only be an error in the
reconstruction of the exported data into Revit.
Figure 5.7: an export error AutoCAD exclude import the exported IFC file
The most significant difference is however visible when the properties of objects are compared. In this context, one of the
walls is chosen in which the facade just mentioned are not shown ordnungsgemäß. The following are the properties window
the same wall are shown, the one originally from the
unglichen Revit
File shown in Figure 5.8 And the other from the export file from AutoCAD, which in the illustration 5.9 you can see.
Figure 5.8: Properties window of the Figure 5.9: Properties window the same
sample wall from the originally wall, but here, the export file from
unglichen Revit AutoCAD
file
information BEZ respect to the dimensions of the structural information and the Abhängig-
opportunities zumModell have little or ¨ about non-existent. be a consequence, could,
that the model F ur possibly relied on subsequent simulations or analyzes not
more repräsentativ. If the exported IFC file from AutoCAD 2017 produced the result entering Revit is exactly the same.
5.1.2 PERI CAD
5.1.2.1 Installation of PERI CAD
PERI CAD is the in-house CAD modeling tool of the formwork manufacturer PERI and became a professional formwork and
GER ustplanung designed. As already addressed
chen, is charged in addition to other hardware-based System the requirement of AutoCAD Architecture software version
2012 or higher. The latest version of PERI CAD is based on version 2015 of AutoCAD and is principally supplied with an
output of this ( PERI . 2017 ).
Basically, AutoCAD must be installed before you can start the installation of PERI CAD. It has to make sure that when you
initialize the Softwar-

the installation package "Express Tools" is explicitly anzuwählen under user-de fi ned settings NINSTALLING of AutoCAD.
Following can proceed by default with the installation of AutoCAD and following with PERI CAD.
In the following section first modeling experiments are getätig. At the beginning without available.??The
ugung set reference model to the Grundz¨ uge of the formwork modeling to
work without being disturbed in this case of any errors in the model.
5.1.2.2 first modeling experiments without HfK model
To understand the function and F a kind of procedure for modeling
elaborate formwork elements to be able, several tests are carried below
leads. These include both manual as well as automated attachment of shuttering elements by means of PERI CAD.
Before these methods on available.??The ugung provided
F reference model of the "house for children "carried be carried out, the experiments restrict
specially created on the wall elements and building applications.
In the first test by means of the specially in PERI CAD available.??Pets ugung standing tools of
"AEC Wall Input" an exemplary straight wall generated and automatically shuttered. After PERI CAD has started, a new
drawing is created. If not present in the tab area, the "PERI Objects" rider must hinzugef¨
will suffices. In
this fi the possibilities of wall input, as well as automated formwork ends.
The input of a wall can most simply ¨ started over the button "AECWandeingabe"
become. Following the outline in the drawing may not inputted, and other settings in the properties window of the wall of the
wall, such as thickness, height and orientation, are verändert. In this example, a wall of 10 meters long, 3 meters high and a
standard thickness of 24 centimeters is created. The generated AEC-wall must be converted into a PERIwand, before it can
be automatically provided by PERI with formwork. "Create PERIwand" After Betätigung the button, the corresponding wall is
angewählt and confirmed with "Enter".
Before now, the formwork is set, nor the wall situation can be selected. The wall situation describes how the stands being
shuttered wall to other walls and de fi ned thus denWandabschluß. Under the Button "PERIwand situation" can be chosen
from 7 different situations. F
for this example is the first situation of the wall end
selected to give a final wall is peeled.
The command for automated formwork can ¨ via the button "PERIwand stale" issued
become. It Õ ff net a window in which the weight advertising chosen unschte formwork system
the can. In this example, the formwork system MAXIMO is chosen 330th Following M
Ussen are being shuttered walls, in this case the wall specially produced selected.
After confirming the input PERI calculates the necessary Schalungswände, required anchors and other accessories, which
are necessary for compliance with applicable rules formwork and brings them to the wall.
The result is shown below in Figure 5.10 :
Figure 5.10: The result of the first experiment for the automated form a wall specially prepared [PERI CAD]
In the second experiment to F for a room repräsentativ a square floor plan with Scha-
lung are provided. Special emphasis is placed on creating a partition by the modeled plan, so as to test the joint in the
Schlaungssituationen, as this is an often anzutre in practice ff border situation. For example, when connecting to the
Rauminnenwänden jeweilieg surrounding Außenwände.

The layout of the second experiment results from the fact as follows (Figure 5.11 ):
Figure 5.11: Floor plan of the space situation formwork modeling in the second trial [PERI CAD]
There are, as in the first experiment 5.1.2.2 Generated from the AEC walls PERIwände, this time, make sure that all walls
are to be zusammenhängend be selected together. If the walls were converted individually wall ends are shown at the
intersections. For these situations, the system can not create a solution. If no other is chosen, the PERIwand situation "wall
connection angles" is by default enabled.
The formwork, as shown in the figure below 5.12 to see modeled properly.
Figure 5.12: The result of the second experiment for the automated form a space situation specially prepared [PERI CAD]
The third attempt to examine the applicability of the automated modeling on imported model. The procedure, which was used
in the two previous tests, will also be applied once again.
Here, however, the setting of clocks is used. Clocks are placed in the floor plan within the walls. This can changed not only
the order of being shuttered walls, but also the formwork system. DAR
Moreover, can
Wall situations ¨ F over the clock manager For each clock di ff erenziert. After he-
ask questions and De fi ne m of bars Ussen fi rst, as in the experiments previously, PE
RIwände be generated. This happens again ¨ via the button "PERIwand produce".
The walls of the model are anzuwählen in the corresponding clock according to the same criteria as in previous experiment.
Before starting the automatic formwork can ¨ via the button "PERI components assembly instructions"
the sound system to be used, its components and the corresponding Lösungsoptionen F
for various Wandanschl¨ influences are adjusted. Then the automatic up
called a window in which can be chosen between the sound systems appears again.
However, the modeling of the formwork elements on imported reference model works only partially. Some of the walls are
modeled correctly, others not at all or only ST
piecewise. A holistic view is automatically constructed too little in sum than that of the remainder would complement
manually. This leaves at indicated below Example 5.13 recognize:
Figure 5.13: Only partially automatically generated formwork elements f the example of the first floor of the "House
for children "[PERI CAD]
After several R ucksprache and coordination with Peris support, are the poor
Results of the automated modeling in part on error within the model for
uck to F watches.
The following are some of these errors are listed:
- Deviations of the Höhenangabe in the attributes of the actual high
→ This results in a waste error
- Offset locations during assembling watches from TWänden
- TWände with different Wandstärken
→ This case is not covered by the current formwork Automatic → A Sonderlösung must be designed by a
Formwork Experts
- Round walls
→ Is not covered by automatic formwork → Combining different formwork systems required
- Imported light wall as a wall identi fi ed
→ This wall was mistakenly identified as a reinforced concrete wall and intended for shells → Removing or hiding
said walls prior to the clocking and modeling is necessary
COMPLETE inconsistencies M ussten cor- before the start of the automated modeling
are alternates. This W require urde a lot of effort for manual control, which
in particular F for large building with many floors and partly unusual geometries
as rounded walls, for example, increasingly used, a lot of time avail w
urde.
For this reason, at the present time by means of an automated modeling CAD PERI not e ffi cient. ACCORDING to a
statement from PERI (telephone conversation with employees at 20.03.2017) is the end of a new software version of PERI
CAD appear in 2017, which will also be compatible with AutoCAD Architecture 2017th Whether the algorithms of automatic
formwork better cover in the new version some of the above problems, M
then would have to be tested.
5.1.2.3 Manual modeling on HfK model
The modeling of formwork elements, anchors and ST BENEFITS can also be done manually.
This is, especially from a certain size of the flat to be treated, a very time consuming process. is additionally for this purpose
for a separate level of experience with formwork necessary
in order to achieve a correspondingly repräsentatives, compliant result.
The aim of this section is therefore the manual modeling of the formwork elements on a concrete stage of construction
durchzuf¨ watches. This stage of construction is an image to a

refer to certain sample timing of the construction progress. The figure, which are to be removed being shuttered walls is
shown in the following (Figure 5.14 ):
Figure 5.14: Stage of construction based on which the manual modeling carried formwork leads
shall be
The tests of manual modeling are directly carried amModell leads to immediate
identify various problems. If one of the drawings, which were created in Pioneered when importing IFC file in AutoCAD
Architecture 2017, PERI CAD Geo ff net, the user is prompted to make clean up the drawing of PERI automatically. This is f
for all displayed on O ff nenden drawings and also recommended
which were not created with PERI CAD.
Here, unnecessary layers, blocks, dimension styles, text styles, etc. are removed from the drawing to minimize the memory
requirements on the one hand, and on the other on the drawing when processing ¨
uberschaubarer to make.
The messages are occurring in the following figures 15.5 and 5.16 see:
Figure 5.15: Occurring signal for automatic cleanup upon ¨ Figure 5.16: Possibilities of drawing setting to start automatic
O ff NEN the drawing cleanup [PERI CAD]
PERI [PERI CAD]
The being shuttered walls fi nd themselves F of the "model house on the first floor for children's
of the". The orientation of the image of the state of construction toward the image from top to bottom corresponds to the
model of the compass from east to west. For a better view, the walls being shuttered in the Revit model, as shown in the
figure below 5.17 , Shown in color.
Figure 5.17: Color marking of manually shuttered walls [PERI CAD]
After the drawing of the first floor in PERI CAD Geo ff net and was cleaned up, you can start modeling. The drawing ¨
about clear to
make the following layers are turned off because they are not needed for processing the formwork task:
- PERIFOREIGN + A-door- -OTLN
- PERIFOREIGN + A-GLAZ- -OTLN

- PERIFOREIGN + I-Wall- -OTLN
- PERIFOREIGN + S COLS -OTLN
- PERIFOREIGN + S STRS- -OTLN
Although the benötigten formwork elements are manually loaded into the drawing, M Ussen
which are converted to shuttered walls as in the automated tests in PERIwände. This is done in the same way as before. ¨
Over the button "Toolbox" under
the "PERI Objects" tab can feature all PERI CAD ugbare product range according to each
Manufacturer be viewed.
Below the formwork system "Trio Panel Formwork" is applied. From GEO in the toolbox ff Neten catalog component is "/ 4
TRIO PANEL TR 330x240" selected first among the sub-item "Panels TR 330" the shuttering component. The designation
gives the external dimensions of the component with 330 cm high and 240 cm long again. The height of the formwork is
therefore chosen to 330 cm, because the walls in the model have different heights, but all have a Mindesthöhe of 300 cm
and more.
Although the modeling process runs from manually but still may in part on the automated modeling to
uck Grilled Foo ff s will. This is very helpful, especially with respect
to the correct setting of anchors and links. Therefore it is important, before the actual modeling, the weight as with the
automatic in "PERI components assembly instructions" that Lösungsansätze and components to be used
unschten formwork system to
de fi ne.
After this is done, and that has been converted to flat wall in a PERIwand, the first formwork component is loaded from the
picture window of the component catalog using drag-and-drop into the model. The Schlaungswand is xed on the mouse fi,
and can be moved with it. As has been converted to flat wall in a PERIwand, this works like a Snap to which the attached to
the mouse formwork component aligns itself once you get into the near the outer border.
In the following figure 5.18 is to see how the formwork component aligns to the first wall:
Figure 5.18: Automated alignment manually introduced a ugten formwork component [PERI
CAD]
The formwork component can now by clicking on the weight unschte place to place.
Due to the faulty shown intersections to scarf wall protrudes into the pending outer wall. It is therefore important to ensure
that the formwork is not started at the end which projects into the outer wall. After the first component has been placed, it is
possible for the automated modeling
uckgreifen. If the set Scha-
development component angewählt are as in the figure below 5.19 to see to see to the ends of several arrows.
Figure 5.19: Expanding a formwork component [PERI CAD]
the scarf to end range can be expanded by clicking on "Expand". This can be pulled up to the end of the wall, on which is the
end point detected by the object snap. Then the automatic models the two-sided formwork components F completely
for the ausgewählten area. That being shuttered wall into the outer wall
protrudes, is recognized by the automatic, which, in turn, models a degree from the outer wall, thus avoiding an erroneous
formwork modeling.
Figure 5.20: Expanding a formwork component [PERI CAD]

The same method can be applied to the other being shuttered walls. This results in a rapid and sufficient repräsentative to
construction progress illustration of the formwork is achieved at a given time. Minor errors show up on walls, which have an
odd level. Here no one hundred percent right solution can be identified. This results in some wall ends small L
pressures.
Furthermore, it is not possible to provide corners within a wall which do not have a 90 degree angle, with the appropriate
formwork. In the imported model of the "House F ur
Children "are on a wall being shuttered which an angle of ¨ has more than 90 degrees,
the abutting walls ordnungsgemäß not blended. This leaves other person not to. Therefore, a PERI joint is alternatively
introduced at said point suffices. This
let yourself accomplished via the command "PERI joint". The hinge must be installed in each case on the inside and the
outside. The offset, which is established between the two joints, M
would have to still GEF with wooden wedges be filled before the formwork attached
can be.
The result is shown in the following figures 5.21 and 5.22 :
Figure 5.21: Prefabricated wall peeled with a very obtuse angle of the corner connection and PERI joint [PERI CAD]
Figure 5.22: Prefabricated walls peeled F for the example of a specific construction point [PERI
CAD]
5.1.2.4 export from PERI CAD and imported into Revit
To the converted To test the uhrbarkeit created in PERI CAD formwork, it is made
PERI exported and then imported into Revit. It is attempted, the entire part of the second experiment of the previous section 5.1.2.2
export model created. Following this attempt will be made if only you can export the geometries of formwork components.
If the IFC export from PERI CAD started out, an internal error occurs. to r
ucksprache with Peris support there DAF for several GR unde. PERI himself to DER
term point of view still difficulties to implement the IFC export fully funktionsfähig. Exporting to an IFC file is therefore only ¨
over detours possible. A
Possibility would, the model for Autodesk Navisworks to ¨ convertedwatches and by means of the li-
zenzp export fl ichtigen "iCONstruct" program as an IFC. Furthermore, you could see the model from AutoCAD upload a
DWG file into Revit and export an IFC file from here. Both variants have the following disadvantage: Because in the current
IFC standard no formwork and GER
uste BER be taken into account, w ere with an export as IFC file
lost object attributes and component information of the formwork elements created.
is tested from Lizenzgr¨ for reasons only the variant of ¨ O ff nen the DWG file into Revit with
any subsequent export to the IFC file format. The finished mold model as usual saved as DWG file. After starting Revit a new
project must first be applied, as otherwise no direct ¨
O ff nen file is possible. this happens

v̈ia the tab "EASY ugen " → "CAD Import". It is the entire model, including
Formwork components imported.
Figure 5.23: Revit Geo ff designated DWG file from Revit, which includes the modeled formwork components [PERI CAD]
The imported model behaves as a component, whereby no direct selections of the shuttering components is possible. This
falls one percent unschtes aim of the now subsequent
Working away. This was, of each formwork member, or at least divide the Schalwände in phases and this agreed with the
phases of being shuttered walls. The phases of the formwork components W
ere accordingly ¨ via which the walls extend. This has the
Background that the formwork must be set up before the actual construction of the reinforced concrete wall, while remains of
Aushärtungsprozesses, and is degraded only after completion of the construction of the wall itself.
In order not ¨ Other detour about exporting to an IFC file to tread M Ussen,
is attempted below to load the DWG file directly into the Revit model and arrange accordingly. For this, the ORIG
ungliche Revit model Geo ff net and the CAD file
as previously imported.
Once imported, you can see the formwork model below the reference model. Shifting its drag-and-drop is however prevented
from Revit. Since the formwork model is already richitg oriented, can be set in the properties window under "dependencies",
the base level to "level 1", as the formwork components of the model on the first floor to be placed.
Since the model is thus properly oriented, the Modellwände which are no formwork components, with the walls in the
reference model cover. This is a ¨ About superimposing
the two models optimally so that only the zusätzlichen Schalungswände are visible. Below (Figure 5.24 ) are the
about superimposed models shown:
Figure 5.24: ¨ About Layering Reference Model and formwork model [PERI CAD]
In summary, ¨ via the modeling of shuttering elements by means of the software
PERI CAD software following statements tre ff s. The automatic modeling Do not be accomplished due to software-related
Verschneidungsfehlern, inaccuracies and situations, such as round walls, which are not abegedeckt of the automatic can be.
Whether the Verschneidungsfehler were model already exists in Revit, or incur when imported into AutoCAD is not clearly
clarified. However, formwork components with relatively little effort can also manually load into the model and automatically
extract the Modellwänden. This is a sufficiently good modeling possible. Exports to
uck after Revit is not ¨ the current position via the IFC
File format possible, due to lack of de fi nition in the IFC itself. However the formwork result can be imported as a CAD file
into the Revit model and ¨ overlaps
are thereby zusätzlichen formwork elements can be seen.
5.1.3 DokaCAD8
This section deals with DokaCAD, the second variant software for modeling formwork components. This is going round its
operation and the shuttering result which gives it considered.

5.1.3.1 Installing DokaCAD8
Doka promises its new planning software DokaCAD8 that the rapid and automatic formwork planning Let's unite with the
flexibility of a CAD system, creating a perfect handling and increased e ffi ciency to be achieved. The software is available
for free download on Dokas homepage features
ugung.
Unlike PERI CAD, the software is already DokaCAD8 F for the 2017er version of
AutoCAD Architecure author ugbar. This means just as PERI CAD preinstalled
AutoCAD Architecture needed in 2015, is the same DokaCAD8 ahead with the version 2017th The software F
for AutoCAD Architecture 2017 as well as the relevant field license
m Ussen be independently acquired by DokaCAD8. After AutoCAD has been installed, you can begin installing DokaCAD8.
Here, a 30-day trial version can either be started or a licensing process be applied. The software installation can be
completed independently from the licensing process with the full-fledged trial. The user is Dar each time
about informed how many
Days nor G trial is ultig. Here also the License issued by Doka ussel
be entered.
5.1.3.2 first modeling experiments
As in 5.1.2.2 in this section is a general procedure for automated formwork modeling, here by means of DokaCAD8
elaborated. As a basis DokaCAD needed a 2D building model on de fi ned layers to automatically can model formwork
components afterwards.
Therefore, in the first trial, a two-dimensional floor plan is created and ¨ about the car
matics provided with formwork. Under the "DokaCAD" in the "Structure", the function "walls produce" are selected. Then, the
window of the "2DWandeingabe" geo ff net, which can be set in which the wall thickness of the subsequently drawn line to
be generated to the left or right. ¨
can via "Create"
the wall Input be started. For example, a square ground plan aimed at can be produced by drawing the third wall, the floor
plan are automatically closed. This ensures that a closed geometry is produced and thus no error occurs in the formwork
automatic.
The plan arises from the fact, as in the following figure 5.25 see:
Figure 5.25: Plan view of the first attempt for automated formwork modeling [DokaCAD]
After end of "2D panel input" can see "DokaCAD" → "Automatic" automated formwork modeling betätigt. Earlier still has the
sound system to be used are selected in the "Settings". In this example, the "eco Framax panel formwork" is chosen.
Since the walls created were created in the floor plan by DokaCAD itself, fi nd you are already on the layer "ACwt
WALL-OUTLINE". This is essential because otherwise the walls can not be detected by the automatic system. After starting
the automatic M
Ussen the being shuttered walls are selected and
confirmed by pressing Enter. Now formwork components including all NECESSARY anchors and fasteners are modeled.
The modeled formwork is so far only created in 2D space, as in the project options the setting for outputting the article is
activated only in 2D.

The result of the formwork Automatic appears in the following figure 5.26 :
Figure 5.26: First automated formwork modeling means DokaCAD in 2D space [DokaCAD]
In the second trial is to take place the modeling of a possible partition in so far qudratisch arranged floor plan, as already in
PERI CAD.
One advantage of Dokas wall entry that additionally introduced walls are automatically blended with the existing ones. This is
independently executed by the subsequent angle properly
leads. However, to be of the automatic F For certain scarf
systems covered such as "eco Framax formwork" no her or more obtuse angle than 90 degrees.
If you try any of these situations be shuttered, a protocol in which appears noted is that F
for a certain number of scarf fl no solution could be found. As a possible cause too much or too little known
angle in a corner. The remaining wall surfaces FL are still shuttered, the other corners, however, as in the figure below 5.27 visible,
except of the formwork.

Figure 5.27: Formwork wall intersection with an angle other than 90 degrees [DokaCAD]
It is therefore important to ensure that walls are always blended with a 90 degree angle. F
for problems in which this is not the case, a Sonderlösung
be found because of the formwork experts.
Unlike PERI CAD but no wall termination situation must be de fi ned. The wall ends are independently recognized by
possibly occurring mold problems in corners and shuttered. This fact is illustrated in Figure 5.28 clearly visible.
Figure 5.28: Formwork wall intersection with an angle equal to 90 degrees [DokaCAD]
The two-dimensional representation of the form can also ¨ in the 3D space transmit advertising
the. This can be under the "DokaCAD" → "General" → be changed "project options". For this purpose must be angewählt the
"3D" option under the paragraph "edition of the article" to map modeled directly in three-dimensional form. If the previously
created 2D formwork are extruded in 3D, "said conversion 2D-3D" sales here must also be angewählt.
In the context of the first experiment 5.1.3.2 Formwork created can now be converted from 2D to 3D. For this, the "function
2D ↔ 3D launched "under the tab" DokaCAD "in the" Presentation ". After selecting the extruded formwork and their
Confirmation, Doka converts these into the 3D space. Once was changed into a spatial view three-dimensional form can be
considered. To clarify the presentation, is set to "realistic" in "view" of the "visual style". In the following figure 5.29 the result
of the extrusion is shown.
Figure 5.29: Representation of the formwork created by Doka after extrusion in three-dimensional space [DokaCAD]
5.1.3.3 Formwork modeling on HfK model
In the third experiment, the methods developed in the imported model of the "House f ur
implemented children. " To Modellwände F for making the formwork Automatic recognized
m these must be placed on the layer "ACwt WALL-OUTLINE". For this purpose, fi rst of all other layers which F
for this modeling are needed, disabled.

Data on disabled layers:
- A-door- -OTLN
- A GLAZ- -OTLN
- A pile -OTLN
- S-COLS -OTLN
- I-Wall- -OTLN
- S-STRS- -OTLN
There is only one layer of the imported model enabled, which comprises COMPLETE wall contours. For this all the walls are
angewählt by dragging a selection window. These can be in angewählten state only by selection of another layer, move on
this. The walls are ¨
about this method on the already mentioned
"ACwt WALL-OUTLINE" layer to move. Since the model is a 3D image that the output of the products in 3D option is already
activated.
After starting the shuttering automatic and choice of being shuttered walls, the error message that appears PR,
testing of the Bauwerksde Definitions not been successful. It is the
Note STUFFED out such that construction lines the wall contours intersect inadmissible. The
Problem can be noisy error message manually using the function "Bauwerksde fi nition PR Ufen "
be resolved. In EXEC guidance this is aufgelis- a list of errors in the model
tet. This is always about the same mistake the wrong gra fi c form of a floor plan, wall Ansichts or assignment contour. The
Erläuterung is that contours consist only of lines (lines), and circles d Kreisbögen
urfen. As a measure is recommended
to shift the contours on a layer that does not f ur DokaCAD reserved. So
no Layer, which begins with a ACwt identifier. but it is necessary that the wall contours on the layer "ACwt WALL-OUTLINE"
fi nd. Otherwise, the formwork control can not be used. It f the possibility of a automatic correction
for the respective aufgef¨ durchzuf¨ uhrten error watches.
Tentatively it will be automatic correction F for the first aufgef¨ uhrten error Switch
GEFleads. Here, the options of L can ucken- and angle correction, as well as the "Li-
be adapted nienabstände rounds ". Regardless of the exact con fi guration of the correction parameters, the entire model is
removed once the calculated by the correction ¨
Changes are applied. It is therefore not possible to use the 3D model, the automated formwork modeling.
When using the interactive formwork, wherein manually formwork component F
for formwork component can be selected, occurs
The same error and is therefore also not applicable.

Therefore, in a fourth experiment, the 3D building model is attempted to be reduced to a 2DAbbildung and then provide
these with formwork. Since the option to derive a 2D image directly from the 3D model not DokaCAD available.??The
ugung
is, it must be created in AutoCAD Architecture 2017th Here, the layers are previously F
for glass, stairs, t acids, disabled floor and columns, so that only the layer
Fur walls remains activated. Subsequently, ¨ via the tab "section and views" a
create "2D image". To create the right image, the right angle must first be set in the 3D view. The most gewählten EASY
ugepunkt created
2D image that can then be exported to a new drawing and stored separately. For automated formwork in DokaCAD, the 2D
image must once again on the Layer "ACwt WALL-OUTLINE" be moved. Here, however, the individual walls can no longer
be angewählt separately because after creating the display of everything as an object is viewed. After calling the shuttering
automatic error message stating that no contours on the wall contour layers to fi are ends. However, since this is the "ACwt
WALL-OUTLINE" layer on which the 2D contour has been moved, it is clear that Dokas automatic does not cover the
problem with a branched contour.
in F fifth attempt therefore created the created in the fourth attempt 2D image wall contours and then peeled. Fi rst, the
production of wall contours bounded only to the Außenwände the building. To this end, it is essential ¨ the 2D image
to zoom about the scaling function by a factor of 1000 to use the same unit as the function for wall production and the
formwork automatic. Furthermore, should the height of the walls to be prepared to be adjusted. 3D model of the level 1 of the
reference model "House Import F on the basis of the third test
for children's
the "to let the pure Wandhöhe measure without a floor at 3.25 meters. In Dokas project options the wall level can thus
above 3250 (attention, here mm Unit) specify if the wall level remains below 0.
After the closed contour of the Außenwände has been generated, the shuttering control can be started. This time the
formwork system "Framax Xlife formwork" is used because it is capable of automatic ball joints to attach at corners with an
angle other than 90 degrees.

The result of the shuttering automatic is in the figure below 5.30 see:
Figure 5.30: Automated modeling formwork after manual generation of Begrenzungswände [DokaCAD]
To test the possibilities of large-FL-area formwork automated modeling, some of the Innenwände be generated in addition
to the already modeled Außenwänden. Walls which are recognizable as Leichtbauwände due to their construction, are not
produced because they are created not by reinforced concrete and therefore no formwork Bed
urfen. Although the Innenwänden have a lower Wandstärke, but still be properly blended with the wall
generation and integrated. Since the function of the wall production does not include rounded walls, this can as in the
following figure 5.31 illustrated not be created.

Figure 5.31: Rounded out walls are which are not modeled by a function of wall production can [DokaCAD]
If the wall ends of rounded corners tries diagonal to the straight Wandst pressures
to connect, an error occurs in the subsequent shuttering modeling. For this reason, geradenWandst¨ are only
pressures generated and omitted rounded corners.
After starting the shuttering automatic, some error messages are displayed after the modeling. These include a minimum
deviation from the right angle and the resulting fact that thereby only 2 edges are nearly parallel to each other. However, this
impairs not the formwork modeling sites by means of. The following illustrations are firstly the mold situation on the rounded
corners 5:32 and secondly, the overall view of the modeled formwork in 3D display
5:33 to see.
Figure 5.32: Formwork situation on the wall ends of rounded corners [DokaCAD]
Figure 5.33: 3D representation of the entire modeled form: Foreign and Innenwände [DokaCAD]
Under the representation of so many formwork components and accessories in 3D performance of DokaCAD suffers
considerably. It is therefore advisable to vollf¨ all modeling work in 2D
watches and display to use only the fi nal view in 3D.
5.1.3.4 export from and import into Revit DokaCAD
Since the objective of this work is the presentation of formwork components in Autodesk Revit, the under research
fifth experiment generated modeling means DokaCAD
formwork ( 5.1.3.3 ) Now to the piece exported to Revit. Exporting to a IFC data format
from DokaCAD out impossible.
For this reason, as in section 5.1.2.4 the drawing file of the formwork components imported into Revit without contours of the
walls. The procedure here is the same as when importing the PERI drawing file. In Geo ff NetEm project in Revit, ¨ can
on the
EASY tab " ugen "a CAD file to be imported. When you select the file to be downloaded
Note the following settings of the options. With the option "positioning" must set to "Auto - Center-to-center" are set so that
the introduced eyeing the drawing
same orientation and arrangement in space such as the receipt Revit model. This guarantees that the Schalungswände the
right place fi nd. When placing on import only the reference plane "Level -1" can be chosen. However, this can be manually
set in the properties of the CAD drawing on "level 1" immediately after the import. The result is shown in the following figure 5:34
Figure 5.34: ¨ Overlap of the drawing of the formwork elements with the originally unglichen Revit
Model [DokaCAD]
In subsequent Detail 5:35 can be seen that in contrast to the drawing file from PERI CAD formwork elements from DokaCAD
be displayed in a solid model rather than a line-like flat.
Figure 5.35: Detail of the imported in RVIT formwork drawings [DokaCAD]
F for the upcoming in the next chapter comparing the two software variants, with DokaCAD as supplements to the image of
the entire form of the level 1 of the "House F ur
Children "still the same Bauprozessschritt modeled as with PERI CAD section 5.1.2.3 ,
5.1.4 Comparison of formwork modeling between PERI CAD and DokaCAD
This chapter describes the two software variants for modeling formwork components, PERI CAD and DokaCAD be
compared with each other both in terms of results orientation, as well as in terms of their Bedienfähigkeit.
It is fundamental to note that both versions are based on the AutoCAD Architecture software. This reduces the outset, the
compatibility with Autodesk Revit, AutoCAD there is a vector-oriented drawing program that can not interpret project data
from Revit and has no interface to this. Therefore, the data exchange format IFC was in both cases for data
transmission chosen. although based
the current version of DokaCAD already on AutoCAD 2017, which import and the
Converting IFC files easier, however, to assume that this transfer still a lot of data lost. In PERI CAD, which is still based on
currently AutoCAD 2015 came here already the first complications.
The modeling in two variants by means of the respective integrated formwork automatic proves to be difficult and
größtenteils not applicable. Fi rst to allow the following statements ¨
about PERI CAD tre ff s. A big advantage here
is that existing wall contours from the imported model in F PERI for inter-
pretierbare walls can be converted. Then the Schalungsautoamtik can easily be applied afterwards. However, this is usually
only if individual walls are to be converted and shuttered. however, when several walls are being formed at the same time,
so there are often difficulties. Cause here are often Verschneidungsfehler which are not solved by the automatic can. These
errors occur by converting the project data in the IFC data format and the subsequent ¨
converted guidance in AutoCAD drawing files. Alternatively, can form components are also loaded manually in the drawing and
positioned at the PERIWänden. Along these walls, the formwork can then be attached partially automated. Problem here is
that hybrids overcame not be mapped in this way. A formwork expert m
would have For

to f each joint develop a Sonderlösung.
DokaCAD differs from its application about PERI CAD in several punk
th. Theoretically could be also existing wall contours using the automatic shells. For this purpose, m
ussten this advertising merely postponed to a specific layer in Doka
the. However, this possibility does not work because PURSUANT the upstream Bauwerkspr¨
ufung the wall contour is not of lines and circles consist D urfen. Alternatively, let
to create a derived 2D image of the model manually wall elements. This has that this de fi nitv can be detected by the
automatic and are blended ordnungsgemäß the advantage. Dokas Schalungsautoamtik can selbständig solutions unlike
Peris F
ur problem situations such as wall connection angle un-
equal to 90 degrees, create by the attachment of ball joints. PERI CAD M Ussen
they are placed manually.
Both Softwarelösungen not rounded wall corners can be covered by the automatic. it m
ussten be modeled in both cases Sonderlösungen.
With regard to the exemplary Let guidance ultimately in both cases almost the same results-
achieve nis. In the converted guidance to However uck in Revit is the LARGEST difference.
in both programs because no export is possible in the IFC data format, the CAD drawing of the respective formwork result in
Revit must be imported into both cases. The drawings can be in the model fit based on this and position. However, the
formwork created in PERI in Revit is only represented as line-like Strukture. The functionality in terms of the construction
progress are hereby loading

borders.
For imported drawings which have been prepared with DokaCAD, the formwork in Revit is represented as three-dimensional
volume model and thereby enables a construction progress with the expected E ff ect that in addition to the volume elements
of the Stahlbetonwände the formwork to be involved K may.
The following figures for the purpose of this comparison is a detail of the modeling Bauprozessschrittes the one hand with
PERI CAD (Figure 5:36 ) And the other (with DokaCAD Figure 5:36 ) Shown. From this, the line-like structure and the drawing
created by the three-dimensional PERI Volumenkörpermodell the drawing created by Doka becomes clear.
Figure 5:36: Detail of the imported Revit formwork drawing of a certain Bauprozessschrittes [PERI CAD]
Figure 5.37: Detail of the formwork imported in Revit drawing of a particular Bauprozessschrittes [DokaCAD]
Although the imported model automatic can be shuttered in DokaCAD immediately and for this purpose
for the plan to be created manually M Ussen so this Softwarelösung
but the preferred option. Mainly for the reason that the ¨ converteduhrte result
be pulled in to other arrangements Revit zoom. It was with comparatively little effort F
for a plurality of recording times of the construction progress a Scha-
built development model and in a kind of library. In this way could be individually formwork components Append or to present
different Bauprozessschritte also remove.

The following are the advantages and disadvantages of the two software versions will once again summarized:
Table 5.1: Advantages and disadvantages of PERI CAD and compared DokaCAD
PERI CAD DokaCAD
direct formwork modeling on imported model automatic intersection of walls created

advantages
automated formwork walls of selected automated formwork to specially created walls

individually
detailed three-dimensional representation of detailed three-dimensional representation of

formwork components Schalunsgbauteilen
automatic Problemlösung of wall connection

angle other than 90 degrees
AutoCAD Architecture 2015 is based AutoCAD Architecture 2017 is based

disadvantage
Export to Revit is only line-like structure no formwork modeling on imported 3D model

possible
no IFC export possible no IFC export possible
no import IFC files possible
5.1.5 formwork of Revit families
The simplest and most convenient solution would direct modeling of formwork components in Autodesk Revit itself.
Components which do not yet feature by default here are ugbar,
can be ADD about so-called component families ugen.
On the web there are some component libraries that free various component families available.??The
make ugung. The following libraries were marked to content with formwork runs:
- bimobject ( http://bimobject.com/de )
- smartbim ( http://smartbimtechnologies.com/ )
- bimstore.co.uk ( https://www.bimstore.co.uk/ )
- mepcontent.eu ( https://www.mepcontent.eu/ )
5.2. Modeling of reinforcing elements 60
- NBS National BIM Library ( https://www.nationalbimlibrary.com/ )
Unfortunately, none of these libraries suitable products have been found which can be imported as a component family in
Revit. Alternatively, it is also possible to create Revit families of their own, which can then be loaded into a project. This,
however, goods, especially F
for detailed and complex components, such Schalungswände and their accessories to a Hochst aufwändiger
process. Moreover M would have to then each component by hand into the
Project are charged and placed correctly because this purpose is for no automatic available.
therefore this step until further notice telling to one of the libraries or other manufacturers at least appropriate component
families available.??The ugung provided.
5.2 Modeling of reinforcing elements
5.2.1 Softwarelösungen: Revit internally vs. So fi CAD
In the getätigten image recordings to construction progress, in addition to shuttering components also Bewehrungskörbe
can be seen. To this the matching adjustment with BER ucksichtigen to
can, m Ussen they are first shown in the reference model. To this end, two software variants are selected. For one,
Autodesk Revit can model reinforcement itself. Second, the software SOFiCAD SOFiSTiK was auserwählt.
5.2.2 internally Revit
Revit itself has under the "engineering" the field of "reinforcement". The process of reinforcement modeling can carried
almost automatically here be carried out because the
Option of Flächenbewehrung available.??The ugung stands. Here, after determining the
Limiting fl at, for example, a wall models the Bewehrungskörper within this flat.
F for the exact procedure, must be "flat" are angewählt in the area of reinforcement of the button. The message that F
for the coordination of the bending mold reinforcement hook
be included. This option can also be set manually in "reinforcement Settings". However, it is essential that decision tre ff s,
since the beginning of the modeling can not be verändert.
Subsequently, the fl-like component is selected, which is to be provided with reinforcement. As an example, the marked wall
in the figure below 5:38 chosen to map the recordable adhere Bauprozessschirtt.
Figure 5:38: Marked wall is to be provided in the project with reinforcement
Once the wall has been selected, the reinforcement lines set to limit the modeling in the component to be drawn into it. After
confirming the entry will be automatically attached to four reinforcement mats. The result of the modeling can be seen in the
figure below. For better illustration, is the wall itself, in which the reinforcement was modeled hidden.
Figure 5:39: Automated Flächenbewehrung in the f ur ausgewählten the Bauprozessschritt

wall
The NECESSARY Bewehrungselemte can also be modeled manually. For this purpose ur are aller-
recently sectional views ALLOWABLE components required. However characterized bends may not exact and arrangements
are determined.
5.2.3 SOFiCAD
SOFiCAD is an AutoCAD-based program. it m Ussen therefore as with the Scha-
lung modeling can be derived from the imported file IFC drawing files. SOFiCAD has no automatic, which is why each
reinforcing element has to be modeled by hand. However, an extensive component catalog allows an exact adjustment of
the bending molds, the selection of the steel bar, and the generation of own forms to your own bed
urfnisse.
SOFiSTiK is on his Youtube channel more tutorial videos to feature ugung which
However, often in a high speed and with no or inadequate Erläuterung the process steps a reinforcement example
PASSAGE watches. Therefore, it is unfortunately difficult possible
to develop a precise procedure within a short time.
By means of a SOFiSTiK available.??Pets ugung provided written instructions, let a
guess work. To fi nd these instructions at this link: http: // public. monarch.hu/so fi stic / so fi cad / ALTALANOS / so fi cad
162-163 d.pdf
63
Chapter 6
Conclusion and outlook
The purpose of this thesis to model by means of suitable Softwarelösungen primarily formwork components to represent
this in the model, and then was Revit F for the
to make construction progress available. The DAF ur auserwählten software variants
PERI CAD and DokaCAD is to achieve this only limited to the current point of view.
Both programs allow in their own software environment to design an accurate and detailed formwork model. However, the
goal of ¨ converted guidance in Revit only
satisfactorily achieved by means DokaCAD. While the imported drawing file from DokaCAD produces a 3D Volumenkörper
the formwork model, so only a line-based structure is created when you import the file from PERI CAD. This line model is not
ur suitable the further steps of SET-ACTUAL balance the construction progress. The LARGEST obstacle here is that
AutoCAD on which both are based Softwarelösungen, geometry information differently interpreted as Revit. a ¨
converted guidance has only been ¨ about
the IFC data exchange format possible.
An import of the formwork model in Revit is not yet possible only as a DWG drawing file because the IFC export function in
PERI CAD and DokaCAD still has implementation errors. In addition, the IFC format itself provided no standards for
interpreting formwork information includes, so that their information will be lost when exporting W
urde.
By importing the drawing file, the formwork model is only recognized as an object. To edit the function auszuwählen each
formwork component individually and divide into a construction falls away as a result. The division into phases would be a
major step F
ur been the construction progress, as it filters through the construction phases
in K a very short time the weight can read had unschten target state of the building.
However, the modeling with DokaCAD is quick and uncomplicated in its applicability, which F with relatively little time
for a more de fi ned phases

64
separate formwork model could be generated. These models then were maintained and loaded as needed into the Revit
reference model in a kind of library. This makes goods to reach the target figure of formwork elements in dependence of the
construction progress.
The modeling in PERI CAD is similar and just as quickly durchzuf¨ of DokaCAD
watches. However, since the Revit ¨ converteduhrte result is not detailed enough to make it
Fur to make the automated construction progress available, it is not suitable f ur
this claim. be able to interpret this error when importing into Revit identi fi ed and eliminated so PERI CAD would be a
promising alternative.
Promising F for both goods Softwarelösungen the full functional implementation
the IFC format, in combination with the EASY guidance of standards F for formwork components.
This W urde ¨ import about DWG files replaced, thus COMPLETE formwork components
were individually machined after the import. This makes the erklärte aim of the division would be possible in de fi ned
phases.
The Bewehrungsodellierung in Revit and SOFiCAD works perfectly in both cases, however, require a high allowance of
knowledge and time. This applies in particular ur SOFi-
CAD, DAF for the result but very detailed and perfectly adapted to the respective Bed urfnisse
customized.
65
Chapter 7
Appendix A
Datenträger
On the beigef¨ ugten Datenträger includes the following documents:
- The written report of the Bachelor's Thesis [PDF]
- The project data of the adjusted reference model
- COMPLETE started in this work and project files used
- ken all files of Gra used in this work fi and illustrations
- Digital available.??The ugung related literature

BIBLIOGRAPHY 66
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 67
[10] Behaneck, M. Building Information Modeling Only digital, then real. 2015;
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CJvzs8qvutECFUMSGwodFn4KWA , Last: 04.07.2017.
[11] Eschenbruch, K .; Malkwitz, A .; GR uner, J .; Poloczek, A .; Karl, C. measures
took Catalog for the use of BIM in the O ff public works department, taking into
consideration of the legal and regulatory Rahmenbedingungen- opinion on BIM implementation. 2014; https://www.bmvi.de/Shar
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[12] Working Group B. I. A report for the Government Construction Client
Group Building Information Modeling (BIM) Working Party Strategy Paper. 2011; http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03
, Last: 04.07.2017.
[13] Blackwell, B. Industrial strategy: government and industry in partnership. 2012;
http://www.academia.edu/9560740/Industrial strategy government and industry in partnership , Last: 04.07.2017.
[14] kppk ZT GmbH, construction progress by BTVG. Web, 2017; http:
//www.kppk.at/de/leistungen/sonderleistungen/392-baufortschrittskontrolle-lt-btvg10#baufortschrittskontrolle-lt-btvg-10
, Last: 04.07.2017.
[15] Mason Kollenz, M. The progress after Bauträgervertragsgesetz (BTVG)
Which defect or failures hinder the assessment of a construction phase to be completed? Web, 2013; http://www.rechtambau.at/Artikel/Der
, Last: 04.07.2017.
[16] Ansorge, D. botched construction General notes to prevent shoddy construction.
2011; https://www.irbnet.de/daten/download/fraunhofer/Pfusch-am-Bau AllgemeineHinweise.pdf , Last: 04.07.2017.
[17] Alexandra SEEM Muller, MP caution in Phase 8, 2007; http://dabonline.de/2007/11/01/
caution-in-phase-8 / , Last: 04.07.2017.
[18] Bosch'e, F .; Turkan, Y .; Haas, CT; Haas, R. Fusing 4D modeling and laser scanning for
construction schedule control. Proc. of the 26th Annual Conf. Association of Researchers in Construction
Management (ARCOM 2010). 2010; pp 1229-1238, Last: 07.04.2017.
[19] G unther, SO, WA RFID use in the construction industry. -; http://www.fml.mw.tum.de/ fml / index.php? id = 261 Set ,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 68
[20] Kersten, T .; Acevedo Pardo, C. 3D object recording of historical buildings
F by digital architectural photogrammetry for visualization tasks and FA
cility management. 2002; https://www.researchgate.net/pro fi le / Thomas Kersten / publication / 259621022 3-D object
intake of historic buildings by digital architectural photogrammetry for visualization tasks and for facility management /
left / 0deec52ceb3de72336000000 / 3-D object recording by-historischenGebaeuden-by -digital-architectural
photogrammetry-for-Visualisierungsaufgabenund-for-facility Management.pdf , Last: 04.07.2017.
[21] Wikipedia, B undelblockausgleichung - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2017;
https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B%C3%BCndelblockausgleichung&oldid= 161224322 , Last: 02.22.2017.
[22] Brown, A .; Tuttas, S .; Borrmann, A .; Stilla, U. A concept for automated construc-
tion progress monitoring using BIM-based geometric constraints and photogrammetric metric point clouds. 2015; http://www.itcon.org/pape
5.content.00001.pdf , Last:
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[23] PERI, TE basics of Schalungsbaues. WEB, 2011; http: //www.hochschule-
trier.de/ fi leadmin / groups / 11 / Civil Engineering / people / Ebner / Construction II / Basics Formwork neu.pdf ,
Last: 04.07.2017.
[24] Malpricht, W. In Formwork planning: an instructional and ¨ Ubungsbuch; Hanser ,, Ed .; Subject-

Book laughed. Leipzig, of 2010.
[25] Autodesk, Revit and AutoCAD compared. Web, 2017; http://www.autodesk.de/
solutions / revit-vs-autocad , Last: 01.04.2017.
[26] Autodesk, export a project in IFC. Web, 2016; https: //knowledge.autodesk.
com / en / support / revit-products / learn-explore / caas / Cloud Help / cloud help / 2016 / ENG / Revit Document
Presentment / fi les / GUID 14037C31-EBAD-41A8-9099-E6DD65BB626Ehtm.html , Last: 04.07.2017.
[27] PERI, system requirements PERI CAD. 2017; https://www.peri.de/produkte/
planning software apps Tools / Software / peri-cad-planning software-formwork-geruest. html , Last: 03.15.2017.
LIST OF FIGURES 69
List of Figures
2.1 advancement of planning decisions and -Expenses, source: http: //
www.geb-info.de/Cache/GENTNER/10022/GV-SVG-EXPORT-20130305-1158 Mzk4NTY5Wg.JPG , Last
accessed on 04.07.2017 , , , , , , , , , , , , , 7
2.2 Gradual transition of the British government to BIM, source: http: // www.
bimtaskgroup.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/BIS-BIM-strategy-Report.pdf , Last accessed on 04.07.2017 ,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9
4.1 Characteristic values f ur σ hk, max, Source: http: //www.schalungsplanung.
de / handout / Chapter 2-4.pdf , Last accessed on 04.07.2017 , , , , , , , , 21
4.2 Determination of the factor K1 as a function of the solidification end t e
. Source: http://www.schalungsplanung.de/handout/Kapitel 2-4.pdf , Last accessed on 04.07.2017 , , , , , ,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 21
5.1 selection window for ¨ O ff NEN an IFC , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 25
5.2 Error message when you import an IFC file into AutoCAD , , , , , , , , , , , 25
5.3 Level 0 of the "House F for children, "according ¨ O ff nen in AutoCAD Architecture 2017 , 26
5.4 F The exported in DWG format 3D view of the house for children in AutoCAD
Geo ff net , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 27
5.5 ORIG ungliche representation of Ebene0 in the Revit file , , , , , , , , , , , 27
5.6 representation of Ebene0 to import the exported AtuoCAD model in Revit , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
,,,,,,,,,,,,, 27
an export error AutoCAD exclude 07.05 import the exported IFC file , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, 28
5.8 Properties window as wall from the originally unglichen Revit file , , 29
LIST OF FIGURES 70
5.9 Properties window the same wall, but here, the export file from AutoCAD , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
,,,,,,,,, 29
5.10 The result of the first experiment for the automated form a wall specially prepared [PERI CAD] , , , , , , , , , , ,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 31
5:11 floor plan of the space situation formwork modeling in the second trial [PERI CAD]
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 32
5.12 The result of the second experiment for the automated form a space situation specially prepared [PERI
CAD] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 32
5:13 formwork elements using the example of the first floor of the "House only partially automatically generated F
for children "[PERI CAD] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 33
14.5 stage of construction based on which the manual modeling carried formwork
should be carried , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 35
5:15 Occurring signal for automatic cleanup upon ¨ O ff NEN the drawing
planning PERI [PERI CAD] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 36
5.16 possibilities of drawing setting to start automatic cleanup [PERI CAD] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
,, 36
5.17 Colored marking the manually shuttered walls [PERI CAD] , , , , , 36
5.18 Automated alignment manually introduced a ugten formwork component [PE
RI CAD] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 38
5:19 expanding a formwork component [PERI CAD] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 39
5:20 expanding a formwork component [PERI CAD] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 39
5.21 finished peeled wall with very obtuse angle of the corner connection and PERI joint [PERI CAD] , , , , , , , , ,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 40
5.22 Ready peeled walls F for the example of a specific construction point [PE
RI CAD] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 41
5.23 Revit Geo ff designated DWG file from Revit, which includes the modeled formwork components [PERI
CAD] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 42
5/24 ¨ About Layering Reference Model and formwork model [PERI CAD] , , 43
5.25 plan view of the first attempt for automated formwork modeling [DokaCAD] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
,,,,,,,,,,,,, 45
LIST OF FIGURES 71
5.26 First automated formwork modeling means DokaCAD in 2D space [DokaCAD] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 46
5.27 formwork wall intersection with an angle other than 90 degrees [DokaCAD] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
,,,,,,,,,,,,, 47
5.28 formwork wall intersection with an angle equal to 90 degrees [DokaCAD]
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 47
29.5 representation of the formwork created by Doka after extrusion in three-dimensional space [DokaCAD] , , , ,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 48
30.5 Automatic formwork modeling after manual generation of Begrenzungswände [DokaCAD] , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 51
5:31 On the Rounded walls which are not modeled by a function of wall production can [DokaCAD] , , , , , , , , , , ,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 52
5:32 formwork situation on the wall ends of rounded corners [DokaCAD] , , , 53
5:33 3D representation of the entire modeled form: Foreign and Innenwände [DokaCAD] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 53
5:34 ¨ Overlap of the drawing of the formwork elements with the originally unglichen
Revit model [DokaCAD] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 54
5:35 Detail of the imported in RVIT formwork drawings [DokaCAD] , , 55
5:36 Detail of the imported Revit formwork drawing of a certain Bauprozessschrittes [PERI CAD] , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
,,,,,,,,,, 57
5:37 Detail of the formwork imported in Revit drawing of a particular Bauprozessschrittes [DokaCAD] , , , , , , , , ,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 58
5:38 Marked wall is to be provided in the project with reinforcement , , , , , , , 61
5:39 Automated Flächenbewehrung in the f ur turn the Bauprozessschritt
gewählten wall , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 61
Statutory declaration
I hereby erkläre that I have prepared the present bachelor thesis selbststandig. There were only expressions at work
used ucklich designated sources and tools.
Literally or sinngemäß ¨ about exempt thought I made identified as such.
I assure also that the present work is not yet another PR ufungs-
process has underlain.
Unterhaching, April 27, 2017
Stefan Schirmer
Stefan Schirmer

2017 Schirmer Braun - De.en

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Ingenieurfakult¨at construction Geo environmental

CHAIR ur Computergest¨ -assisted modeling and simulation

Partial Automated modeling of temporary structures and

for the Bachelor of Science program in Environmental Engineering

Author: Stefan Schirmer

Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andr'e Borrmann

Alexander Braun, M.Sc.

Date of issue: 01. November 2016

Due date: April 27, 2017

for children, "All which is kindly

into the reference model. In the end,

Era of digital planning and especially the collaboration between

rule einl¨autet the companies involved.

to achieve and uhere error detection thus

Construction materials such as rebar. This can lead to less ¨ Ubereinstimm-

CHAIR ur Computergest¨ -assisted modeling and simulation features ugung is found

Braun, M.Sc. (CHAIR ur Computergest¨ NEWTs Mo-

model- ling and simulation, te unchen).

successful modeling the r

information lost during import.

1 Introduction guidance and goal of the work 1

1.1 EASY guidance , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1

1.2 motivation and objective of the work , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 3

1.3 Structural design work , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 4

2 Building Information Modeling 5

2.1 What is BIM? , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 5

2.2 Data exchange format Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) , , , , , , , , , , , 7

2.3 EASY uhrungsstand BIM , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 8th

3.1 Previous approaches , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 12

3.2 Automated construction progress , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 14

4 Design of formwork components 17

5 Modeling of temporary structures and construction material 23

5.1 Modeling of formwork elements , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 23

5.1.1 Softwarel¨osungen: PERI CAD vs. DokaCAD8 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 23

5.1.1.1 Basic software problems , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 23

5.1.1.2 Revit and AutoCAD Export Import , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 24

5.1.1.3 AutoCAD Export and Import Revit , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 27

5.1.2 PERI CAD , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 29

5.1.2.1 Installation of PERI CAD , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 29

5.1.2.2 first modeling experiments without HfK model , , , , , , , , 30

5.1.2.3 Manual modeling on HfK model , , , , , , , , , , , , 34

5.1.2.4 export from PERI CAD and imported into Revit , , , , , , , , , 41

5.1.3.1 Installing DokaCAD8 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 44

5.1.3.2 first modeling experiments , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 44

5.1.3.3 Formwork modeling on HfK model , , , , , , , , , , , , 48

5.1.3.4 export from and import into Revit DokaCAD , , , , , , , , , , 54

5.1.5 formwork of Revit families , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 59

5.2 Modeling of reinforcing elements , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 60

5.2.1 Softwarel¨osungen: Revit internally vs. So fi CAD , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 60

5.2.2 internally Revit , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 60

6 Conclusion and outlook 63

BIM Building Information Modeling

NBIMS National BIM Standard

TGA Technical Geb¨audeausr¨ ustung

IFC Industry Foundation Classes

NBIMS National BIM Standard

NIBS National Institute of Building Sciences

AIA American Institute of Architects

HOAI Fee Structure F for Architects and Engineers

UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

GNSS Global Navigation Satellite Systems

RFID Radio Frequency Identi fi cation

2013 ) Meant that in M alone unchen to date a de fi cit of 40,200 flats