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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

OPERATOR’S MANUAL

P/N 640020495-01
Rev. A
*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

OPERATOR’S MANUAL

HEAD

WEAR PLATE

PACKING UNIT

PISTON

INNER SLEEVE

BODY

11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP – SCREWED HEAD

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

Table of Content

1.0 Installation & Operation ................................................................................................................... 3


1.1 Principle of Operation ...................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Operation ......................................................................................................................................... 6
1.2.1 Surface Installation ................................................................................................................... 6
1.2.2 Surface Stripping Operations .................................................................................................... 9
2.0 Physical Data ................................................................................................................................. 11
2.1 Engineering Data ............................................................................................................................ 11
2.2 Bolt Data ........................................................................................................................................ 12
2.3 Inside Dimensions .......................................................................................................................... 13
2.4 Outside Dimensions ....................................................................................................................... 14
3.0 Maintenance and Testing ................................................................................................................ 15
3.1 Maintenance Procedure .................................................................................................................. 15
3.2 Seal Testing.................................................................................................................................... 17
4.0 Disassembly and Assembly ............................................................................................................ 19
4.1 Disassembly ................................................................................................................................... 19
4.2 Assembly ....................................................................................................................................... 22
5.0 Parts & Storage .............................................................................................................................. 24
5.1 Parts List ........................................................................................................................................ 26
5.2 Diverter storage .............................................................................................................................. 26
5.3 Rubber Goods Storage.................................................................................................................... 26

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

1.0 Installation & Operation

1.1 Principle of Operation

Figure 1.1 Cross section of Diverter / BOP with Packing Unit fully Open

The 11” - 5K Model 7022 Blowout Preventer is an annular type BOP which seals off reliably on
almost any shape or size – drill pipe, drill collars, casing, tool joints in the well bore or completely seal off
(CSO) of the open bore. The 11” – 5K annular BOP has been designed for use on surface installations

Closing action begins when hydraulic fluid is pumped into the closing chamber of the annular BOP
below the piston and raises the piston pushing the element up; the element’s spherical shape causes it to
close in at the top as it moves upward. Because the well bore pressure below the sealed off packing unit
tends to push the piston down and decreases the closing force; therefore, closing pressure must be
maintained during well control operations.

During well control operations, drill pipe can be rotated and tool joints stripped through a closed
packing unit while maintaining a full seal on the pipe.

The annular BOP can be operated with any normal close and open units having a separate pressure
regulator valve for the annular blowout preventer and sufficient accumulator volume. (See Section 2.1 of
this manual for close and open chamber volume). The hydraulic operating fluid should be clean, light
petroleum hydraulic oil, or water with a water-soluble oil added. In cold climates, anti-freeze should be
added to prevent freezing.
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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

The closing time of the diverter is determined by the rate at which the hydraulic fluid can be
delivered to the closing chamber. Using short, large diameter control lines, large bore control valves, and a
large accumulator volume can reduce closing time. An excessively high setting on the pressure regulator
valve will have little effect on the diverter closing time.

Figure 1.2 The piston squeezes packing unit rubber inward to close the opening by
upward force

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

Figure 1.3 Figure 1.4


The annular BOP opens to full bore to allow The annular BOP with packing unit seals
passage of large diameter tools through open off on drill pipe
bore

Figure 1.5 Figure 1.6


The annular BOP diverter with packing The annular BOP diverter with
unit seals off on square or hexagonal kellys packing unit closed on open hole

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

1.2 Operation

1.2.1 Surface Installation

Operation for 11” – 5K annular BOP requires opening and closing pressure. Figure
1.7 shows the surface installation of the annular BOP with hydraulic operating pressure line
connecting to the closing chamber and opening chamber of the diverter.
Pressure applied to the closing chamber raises the piston and pushes the packing unit up; the
element’s spherical shape causes it to close in at the top as it moves upward.
Well pressure or test pressure acts on the piston below the sealed off packing unit and tends
to increase the closing force acting on the packing unit.
Figure 1.8, Control Pressure graph shows the relationship of closing pressure and well
pressure required to effect optimum seal off for the 11” – 5K annular BOP.
During normal drilling operations, it is recommended that the pressure regulator valve
for the annular BOP be set at the initial closing pressure shown for the size pipe being used.
This pressure will ensure that initial seal off is achieved should a “kick” be encountered.
During diverter testing operations, once initial seal off is achieved, closing pressure
should be maintained as well pressure is increased.

OPENING
CHAMBER
LINE

CLOSING
CHAMBER
LINE

Figure 1.7

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

1500
CLOSING PRESSURE (PSI)

1000

500

0
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000
WELL/TEST PRESSURE (PSI)
5-1/2" through 8-5/8" pipe 4-1/2" through 5" pipe 3-1/2" pipe 2-7/8" pipe 2-3/8" pipe CSO

Figure 1.8 Closing pressure Vs well / test pressure for different drilling pipes

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

CONTROL
SYSTEM

HYDROSTATIC
HEAD

Figure 1.9

CAUTION: The 11“ – 5K annular BOP is sensitive to its position relative to the control system. If the
control system is located at a level higher than the closing chamber of the diverter, the
hydrostatic head of the operating fluid may be sufficient to prevent the piston from coming
completely down. This will prevent the packing unit from opening to full bore. For these
situations, the installation of a spring-activated normally closed 2-way valve rated for 3000
psi in the closing line to drain the fluid head is recommended (refer to Figure 1.9). Be sure to
drain the fluid into a container.

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

1.2.2 Surface Stripping Operations

OPENING
CHAMBER
LINE

CLOSING
CHAMBER
LINE

Figure 1.10 Surface Hookup

During well control operations, drill pipe can be rotated and tool joints stripped through a closed
packing unit while maintaining a full seal off on the pipe. Rotation or stripping through a closed and sealed
packing unit will shorten its life. Longest life for the packing unit is obtained by adjusting the closing forces
low enough to maintain a seal on the drill pipe with a slight amount of drilling fluid leakage as the tool joint
passes through the packing unit.
Slow tool joint stripping speeds reduce surge pressures, prolonging packing unit life. The pressure
regulator valve should be set to provide and maintain the proper control pressure. If the pressure regulator
valve does not respond fast enough for effective diverter control, a surge absorber (accumulator) should be
installed in the closing chamber control line adjacent to the diverter (Figure 1.11). Pre-charge the
accumulator to one-half of the closing pressure required to affect a seal off at the existing well pressure for
the pipe size in use.

CAUTION: Rotation of drill pipe in one position generates heat that is detrimental to the packing unit if
continued for a long period of time.

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

OPENING
CHAMBER
LINE

CLOSING
CHAMBER
LINE

Figure 1.11 Surface Hookup with surge absorber

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

2.0 Physical Data

2.1 Engineering Data

English Metric

Bore 11 in 279.4 mm

Working Pressure 5000 psi 351.54 kg/cm2

Shell Test Pressure (Factory Test Only) 10000 psi 703.1 kg/cm2

Closing Chamber Test Pressure (Factory Test Only) 4500 psi 316.4 kg/cm2

Opening Chamber Test Pressure (Factory Test Only) 4500 psi 316.4 kg/cm2

Volume – Closing Chamber 10.40 gallons 39.37 liters

Volume – Opening Chamber 8.62 gallons 32.63 liters

Piston Stroke 7.125 inches 180.98 mm

Port Size 1.00” – 11 ½ NPT -

Weight 8,225 lb 3731 kg

Shackle Swivel Safe Working Load (Each) 8,000 4 Ton

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

2.2 Bolt Data

Recommended Torque
Ref. No. Description Thread
Ft-Lbs Meter-Kg
6 Cap Screw – Inner Body
3/4” – 10 UNC 152 21
Sleeve
7 Cap Screw - Wear Plate 1/2” – 13 UNC 45 6.2
13 Head Lock Screw 1.00” – 8 UNC 360.8 49.7
14 Pipe Plug – Piston Indicator 1/2” NPT 50 6.9
16 Connecting Stud 1 7/8” – 8 UN 2533 350
17 Connecting Nut 1 7/8” – 8UN 2533 350
- Eyebolt - Piston 5/8” – 11 UNC Snug Snug
- Eyebolt - Head 1 ¼” – 7 UNC Snug Snug

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

2.3 Inside Dimensions

L
H J E
C
G
K F
B

D
A

Figure 2-1

NOMINAL
A B C D E F
DIMENSION
Top of Body
Major O.D. Upper I.D Minor O.D. Lower I.D
Bore to Top of
Piston Body Piston Body
Sleeve
INCHES 11.015 30.726 30.754 23.233 13.125 23.254

NOMINAL
G H J K L
DIMENSION
Top of Sleeve to
Packing Unit
Piston Height Bottom of Wear Stroke Head Height
Height
Plate
INCHES 23.282 12.187 12.187 7.125 14.455

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

2.4 Outside Dimensions

Figure 2-2

NOMINAL DIMENSIONS - INCHES

A B C D E F G H

52.41 33.75 13.46 48.583 9.69 25.75 32.00 37.50

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

3.0 Maintenance and Testing

3.1 Maintenance Procedure

Prior to placing the T3 annular BOP into service, the following visual inspections (as noted in Figure
3.1) should be performed.

3
2
7

2
7 5

1
Figure 3-1 Areas and Parts Requiring Maintenance

1. Inspect the upper and lower connections for pitting, wear, and damage – especially in ring
grooves and stud bolt holes. Worn or damaged ring grooves must be repaired in a T3 Energy
Services Inc. authorized machine shop.

NOTE: The T3 annular BOP is a primary pressure vessel. As supplied, the diverter surfaces exposed
to well bore fluids meet the requirements for H2S service. Proper handling and repair are
required to maintain the original integrity. Field welding is not recommended as it induces
undesirable stresses that must be relieved by proper heat-treating procedures or controlled by
special welding procedures.

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

2. Check the body for wear and damage – especially in the internal cylinder walls for pits and
vertical scores. Check the wear plate for damage to the surface that contacts the packing unit.
Remove minor pits and scores with emery cloth. Coat the repaired surface with silicon grease
or castor oil. Severe pits and scores that require machining and/or welding must be repaired
in a T3 Energy Services Inc. authorized machine shop.

3. Inspect the vertical bore for wear and damage from drill string and drill tools – especially in
the area of the ring grooves. If wear is excessive, the area must be repaired.

4. Check the inner body sleeve for wear, damage, and looseness. Check slots in inner body
sleeve for cuttings that may restrict piston movement.

5. Check the piston for damage and wear – especially the seal surfaces for pits and vertical
scores and the tapered bowl for pits and gouges
Remove minor pits and scores on the walls with emery cloth. Coat the required surface with
silicon grease or castor oil. Severe pits and scores that require machining and/or welding
must be repaired in a T3 Energy Services Inc. authorized machine shop. Remove sharp or
rolled edges with emery cloth or a grinder. The repair is satisfactory when the surface is
relatively smooth.

6. Inspect the packing unit for wear, cracking, hardness, and correct elastomer composition.

7. Check the seal rings for nicks, cuts, fraying of lips, and abrasion. Replace worn or damaged
seal rings.

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

3.2 Seal Testing

Head
Gasket (8)

U-Seal (11)

U-Seal (10)

U-Seal (9)

Figure 3-2 Seals

a) Test seals 9 and 10.


• Pressurize closing chamber with pressure referenced in Figure 1.8. Apply
1500 psi if no packing unit is installed. Use the recommended test mandrel if a
packing unit is installed.
• Open opening port to atmosphere

IF: Closing fluid is visible at opening port – seal 10 is leaking


IF: Closing chamber pressure gauge is dropping and no fluid is detected at bottom flange
- seal 9 is leaking

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

b) Test seals 8, 10 and 11.


• Pressurize opening chamber (1500 psi)
• Open closing port to atmosphere.

IF: Fluid is detected coming from area between body and head – seal 8 is leaking
IF: Fluid is seen coming into the wellbore – seal 11 is leaking
IF: Fluid is visible at closing port – seal 10 is leaking.

c) Test seals 9 and 11.


• Open closing port to atmosphere.
• Open opening port to atmosphere.
• Install blind flange on top of preventer. Pressurize wellbore (5000 psi
maximum)

IF: Fluid is detected coming from the opening port – seal 11 is leaking.
IF: Fluid is detected coming from the closing port – seal 9 is leaking.

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

4.0 Disassembly and Assembly

4.1 Disassembly

Refer to figures 4-1 and 4-2 while following this procedure

Plug (14) Head (4)


Wear Plate Cap Screw (7)

Wear Plate (5)

DETAIL G DETAIL H

Packing Unit (12)

Body (1)

Piston (3)

Inner Body Sleeve (2)


DETAIL J

Inner Body Sleeve Cap Screw (6)

Figure 4-1

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

Head Cap Screw (13)

U-Seal (11)

U-Seal (10)

U-Seal (9)

Figure 4-2

4.1.1 Vent all Pressure

Vent the closing chamber to atmosphere ensuring that no trapped pressure exists, which will
cause injury to personnel, and/or damage to equipment. Open the valves in the control system
to exhaust the pressure and/or loosen the hydraulic connections to allow the pressure to leak
out.

WARNING: STAND CLEAR OF ESCAPING PRESSURE TO AVOID INJURY

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

4.1.2 Head Removal (item 4)

Figure 4-3

• Remove head lock screw (item 13)


• Unscrew blowout preventer head (item 4) in counter-clockwise direction as
shown on figure 4-3
• Lift off blowout preventer head with two 1 ¼” 7UNC eyebolts installed in top
of head.

NOTE: Do not attempt to loosen the blowout preventer head by applying heat.

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

4.1.3 Packing Unit Removal (Item 12)


Install two eyebolts into packing unit. Lift packing unit of piston. Use a sling of
adequate length to prevent side loading of eyebolts.

4.1.4 Piston Removal (Item 3)


Install two 5/8” – 11UNC eyebolts in top of piston. Slowly lift piston vertically to
free from preventer body. If a vertical lift is unfeasible of if the piston does not freely
lift out, slowly apply low (50 psi) hydraulic pressure to the closing chamber.
DO NOT USE AIR OR GAS!

4.1.5 Inner Body Sleeve Removal (Item 2)


• Remove 6 inner body sleeve cap screws (item 9) from around the body sleeve.
• Lift out the inner body sleeve with a sling and hooks under the slots.

4.2 Assembly

Refer to Figure 4-1 and Figure 4-2 while following this procedure.

4.2.1 Clean and Inspect All Parts Before Assembly


• Ensure that working surfaces are free of burrs, rough edges, or other defects.
• Inspect all seals and replace any damaged seals or seals in use over one year.
• Coat all seals and non-extrusion rings with silicon grease or castor oil before
installation.

CAUTION: Use of petroleum base oil or grease will reduce seal life

4.2.2 Inner Body Sleeve Installation (item 2)


• Install inner body sleeve (item 2) into inside bottom of blowout preventer
body.
• Install 6 inner body sleeve cap screws ( item 6) and torque torque to 152 ft-
lbs.

4.2.3 Piston Installation (item 3)


• Lubricate and install the lower U-seals (Item 9) on the lower segment of the
piston
• Lubricate and install the upper U-seals (Item 10) on the upper segment of the
piston
• Install two (5/8” - 11UNC) eyebolts on top of piston. Lubricate all mating
surfaces before lowering the piston into the body. Ensure that the piston is
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Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

aligned vertically with the body prior to lowering. With proper vertical
alignment, the piston will slide its normal stroke to the bottom of the preventer
body.

CAUTION: Be careful not to damage the seals during assembly

• Remove eyebolts

4.2.4 Install the Packing Unit (Item 12)


• Lubricate the piston bowl with silicon grease or castor oil.
• Lift the packing unit with two eyebolts and set it into the piston bowl which is
already installed inside of the preventer..

4.2.5 Install the Head (Item 4)


• Lubricate and install the head gasket (Item 8) in the seal groove on outside of
the preventer head.
• Lubricate and install U-seals (item 11) in seal grooves on inside of the head.
• Clean threads of foreign matter and check threads for burrs or rough edges.
Lubricate locking threads of the head with anti-seize compound.
• Install two 1 ¼” 7UNC eyebolts installed in top of head.
• Lift head and install wear plate (item 5) with cap screws (item 7). Torque the
screws to 45 ft-lbs.
• Lower and align the lead thread of the head with the lead thread of the body
• Screw head clockwise (right hand) into body until it shoulders against top of
body
• Line up lock screw hole in head with hole in body and install head cap screw
(item 13). Torque the screw to 360 ft-lbs
• Remove eyebolts from head. Preventer is ready for use/testing.

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

5.0 Parts & Storage

Plug (14) Head (4)


Wear Plate Cap Screw (7)

Wear Plate (5)

DETAIL G DETAIL H

Packing Unit (12)

Body (1)

Piston (3)

Inner Body Sleeve (2)


DETAIL J

Inner Body Sleeve Cap Screw (6)

Figure 5-1

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*T3-1259262/A*

Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

Nuts (17)

Studs (16)

Head Cap Screw (13)

U-Seal (11) Shackle (15)

U-Seal (10)

U-Seal (9)

Figure 5-2

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Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

5.1 Parts List

Refer Fig 5.1 & 5.2

Item Part Name Qty Part Number


Assembly SN067020386-01
1 Body 1 SN280020375-01
2 Sleeve, Inner Body 1 SN880020385-01
3 Piston 1 SN725020379-01
4 Head 1 SN575020380-01
5 Wear Plate 1 SN73A020381-01
6 Cap Screw, Socket Head 6 UB100029-01
7 Cap Screw, Socket Head 6 UB100141
8 Head Gasket 1 SN520CS0007
9 U-Seal 2 SN840CS0010
10 U-Seal 2 SN840CS0009
11 U-Seal 2 SN840CS0008
12 Packing Unit 1 SN473CS0005
13 Cap Screw, Socket Head 1 SN830CS0011
14 Plug, Pipe 1 UB100050
15 Shackle, Swivel 4 UB100157
16 Stud 16 UN9300187080950
17 Nut 16 UN6700187

5.2 Diverter storage

At the conclusion of each well or prior to placing the annular BOP in storage for even a brief period,
it is recommended that the preventer be disassembled, cleaned, inspected, lubricated thoroughly with
non-petroleum base oil such as cast oil or rapeseed oil, and reassembled. Replacement of worn
packing units, or packers, seat rings, and other parts can be made conveniently at this time
Flange or hub faces and ring grooves should be protected with covers, and ports should be plugged.

5.3 Rubber Goods Storage

The term rubber goods include synthetic compounds such as Nitrile Copolymers and Neoprene, as
well as natural rubber parts.
The ideal storage situation for rubber goods would be in vacuum-sealed containers maintained in a
cool, dry, dark storage area.
The following recommendations will allow vendors and users of oil field equipment to maximize
normally available storage facilities for rubber goods.

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Operator’s Manual:
11” - 5K MODEL 7022 ANNULAR BOP,
SCREWED HEAD

1. Keep the rubber storage area as dark as possible – preferably indoors, not outdoors, and away
from direct sunlight, skylights, windows, and direct artificial lighting.
2. Select a cool location (approximately 650 F) that is away from heaters, stoves, and direct blasts
of space heaters.
3. Keep rubber goods away from electrical machinery (motors, switch gear, or any high voltage
equipment producing corona). Avoid locations susceptible to drafts that will carry the
atmosphere from electrical machinery to the rubber good storage area.
4. The practice of first-in, first out is essential with rubber goods.
5. Store rubber goods in a relaxed position in their normal shape. For example, do not hang o-rings
on nails. Do not keep assemblies in stretched attitudes, e.g., o-rings on glands, BOP testers, and
operators parts.
6. Rubber goods storage areas should be kept as dry as possible. Remove oil, grease or other
foreign materials from storage area to preclude spillage on rubber goods.
7. If storage for extended periods is anticipated, sealed containers are recommended. Impervious
surface coverings such as waxing will increase shelf life.

Factors that accelerate the deterioration of rubber goods are atmosphere, light and heat. The
term “aging” means cumulative effects of all three attacking agents over a period of time. Other
factors that will affect rubber goods include stretching or bending from normal shape, extreme cold,
chemical reactions with solvents and petroleum products.
Exposure to the atmosphere allows oxygen to react with the rubber goods. Ozone (O3), a
very active form of oxygen, is especially detrimental to rubber goods. The principal sources of ozone
contributing to rubber goods deterioration are: (1) atmospheric ozone, and (2) ozone created by
electrical discharges such as lighting, high voltage corona, or electrical machinery. Points of strain in
rubber goods attacked first by ozone and will be characterized by deep cracks. Ozone and normal
oxygen (O2) will attack rubber goods much as steel rusts. Oxidation is characterized by a hard skin,
which eventually crazes in small cracks and may turn chalky or assume a bark-like appearance.
Strong, direct light, especially sunlight, has a harmful effect on rubber goods. The ultraviolet
content of the light spectrum accelerates cracking. Light, especially sunlight, is undesirable and
should be avoided at all times.
Heat, whether the result of sunlight, artificial or accidental heating, will also have harmful
effects upon rubber goods. Heat results in a gradual hardening of the rubber goods. The process is
greatly accelerated when ozone or oxygen is present.
In extremely cold climates, some rubber goods will become so brittle that they will shatter
when dropped or handled roughly.
Any stretching or bending of rubber goods in storage from a relaxed, normal shape will result
in accelerated aging or cracking.
Rubber goods, both natural and synthetic, possess some degree of susceptibility to
deterioration from various solvents, especially oil field liquid hydrocarbons. These materials cause
swelling/shrinkage of the rubber goods with which they are in contact.

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