CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
 
 
 

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1.1 Introduction
 

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The population human will increased cause indirectly improvements in the

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construction industry especially the construction in Malaysia. The increasing

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construction industry has inspired multiple research about new construction material
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and technology for carry oyt was fulfill the high demand. There have several great
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improvements in development and the material mix technology the result all this
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research.
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The research of materials and method in civil engineering is find result the which
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three important aspects was considered. The aspects that considered availability,
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environment compatibility and financial constraints. The new construction material was
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result for resources constraints, the construction techniques in advance and than cost
cutting measures. The selection for construction material made after complete review
long –term performance,durability and also environment compatibility.

A brick was block or a single unit of ceramic material used in the masonry
construction. Typically bricks the stacked together or laid such as brickwork using
various kinds of mortar to hold the bricks together and also make permanent structure.
The have been regarded as one of the longest lasting, strongest building materials using
for history.

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 A brick was standard-sized weight-bearing building unit. The sometimes dry the
bricks was laid in horizontal courses with mortar. The brick might made from clay, lime
and also sand, concrete or shaped stone. The less clinical and than more colloquil sense
and bricks made from dried earth, usually from clay-bearing subsoil. The brick was
merely dried. The commonly fired a kiln for some sort to form a true ceramic. The
mixture was conveyor belt adds to a machine, which pours was measured amount of
 

concrete into a form. The form was vibrated to remove bubbles, after which it was
 

raised to reveal the wet bricks, the spaced out on a plywood sheet. The small elevator
 

then stacks these palettes, and also after which a forklift operator moves them to the

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brickyard for drying.
 

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The statements was investigation for materials and the method was needed to
 

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satisfy for surrounding. The research for more advantages and disadvantages using rice
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husk ash as supplementary materials in the concrete for the concrete characteristics. The
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research to investigate whether other waste and cheap material was rice husk ash has a
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benefit to improve the quality of the construction industry.

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The properties of rice husk ash vary with locallity and depend very much on the
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manufacturing processes, including the burning process and the grinding process (if
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applicable). This variability in the properties of the ashes opens up the way to do
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research. Throughout this research the ratio of rice husk ash and ordinary portland
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cement used was 50% by mass. The rice husk ash was highly siliceous material that can
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used of admixture in the concrete if the rice hus ash was burnt un a specific manner.
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The presence of minerals admixtures in concrete was known to impart significant

improvements in workability and durability. The characteristics of the ash was
dependent in the components, temperature and also time of burning.

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 1.2 Problem Statement

The increasing human population and the generated high demand for
construction industry especially in development country. The construction materials
was high the extensive using for concrete. The material for cement, fine aggregates
natural rivers sand. The sand was rapidly increasing alng with the increasing of
 

infrastructure growing in worldwide.

 
 

The problem, cuntries like Malaysia facing was high demand in despite for

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shortage resources and supply of cement. The construction industry to find was solution
 

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the this problem using finding a new commercial material. There was few material
 

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already has been used material is fly ash and limestone. The production for concrete can
 

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reduce using concommercialos the rice husk ash as additive materials in concrete. The
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problem happen that using rice husk ash as the uncontrolled burned at open air will can
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creates significant environmental problem was air pollution. The result use was
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stimulated of development oof research into the potentialities of this material. Using
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rice husk ash as additive in concrete brick was produce solution to this problem. The
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noncommercial materials onto something that valuable in the industry. The material was
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high demand for cost construction industry can get solution and can use in the industry.
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1.3 Objectives of the Research

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Concrete brick ia a very effective way to make a strong first impression. Concrete
brick has more benefits than its striking visual qualities.There are several objectives that
want to achieve from this research. The objectives of the research are:

i. Study the effect of using rice husk ash as a additive material to cement in
production of concrete brick.

ii. To determine the optimum mix ratio of concrete brick.

iii. To determine the compressive strength of concrete brick.

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 1.4 Scope of the Research

To ensure this research will carry out and meet the objective, some guidelines
were created to make the research smoothen until it finish. These researches Study were
involved laboratory experiment such as compressive strength and curing treatment.
Among the scope was prescribed for these researches were:
 
 

i. The material that been used to produce the concrete brick is cement as binder,
 

fine aggregate,coarse aggregate, water as binding media and rice husk ash as

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additive.
 

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ii. The rice husk ash will be taken from the factory Abidin bin Abu Bakar (P)
 

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Sdn.Bhd Kuala Perlis.
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iii. Curing treatment,slumpt test and testing of compression.

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1.5 Significant of Research

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This research wants to know which the optimum mix ratio rice husk ash in
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concrete brick. The Rice Husk Ash use is 10%, 15%, 20% and 0% the standard conrete
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brick.The ratio use in concrete brick normal grade 20 is 1:2:4. The ratio the research
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also involves with a few test for know concrete brick suitable for use in cement concrete
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by comparing with the existing concrete and also get the know for strength concrete
brick.