𝜎

𝑇𝑎𝑛(𝛿) =
𝜔𝜖

𝜇0 = 4𝜋 𝑥 10−7 𝐻/𝑚
1
𝜖0 = 𝑥 10−9 𝐹/𝑚
36𝜋
Magnetic permeability

𝜇 = 𝜇0 𝜇𝑟
Electric permittivity

𝜖 = 𝜖0 𝜖 𝑟

Medium Non Lossless Dielectric with Good

dissipative dielectric losses conductor
𝑇𝑎𝑛(𝛿) ≈0 ≤ 0.1 0.1 < 𝑇𝑎𝑛(𝛿) < 10 ≥ 10
𝛾 𝑗𝜔√𝜇𝜀 𝑗𝜔√𝜇𝜀 √𝑗𝜔𝜇(𝜎 + 𝑗𝜔𝜀) √𝑗𝜔𝜎𝜇𝑜
𝛼 0 𝜎𝜂 𝑅𝑒(𝛾) √𝜋𝑓𝜎𝜇𝑜
2
𝛽 𝜔√𝜇𝜀 𝜔√𝜇𝜀 𝐼𝑚(𝛾) 𝑗√𝜋𝑓𝜎𝜇𝑜
𝜂 𝜇 𝜇
√ √ 𝑗𝜔𝜇 𝑗𝜔𝜇𝑜
𝜀 𝜀 √ √
𝜎 + 𝑗𝜔𝜀 𝜎

Intrinsic impedance
𝜇
𝜂=√
𝜖

Propagation velocity
1
𝑣𝑝 =
√𝜇𝜖
Electromagnetic waves velocity in the vacuum
1
𝑐0 =
√𝜇0 𝜖0

Phase velocity
 𝜔
𝑣𝑝 =
𝛽
Refraction Index
𝑐0
𝑛=
𝑣𝑝

Wavelength
2𝜋
𝜆=
𝛽
𝑣𝑝 1
𝜆= =
𝑓 𝑓√𝜇𝜖
Skin depth
1
𝛿𝑝 =
𝛼
Power transmitted to the medium

2
|𝐸𝑥0 |
𝑃0 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃𝜂
2|𝜂|
Losses percentage

%𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = (1 − 𝑒 −2𝛼𝑥 )𝑥100%

An open medium has the following electromagnetic characteristics
𝑆
𝜀𝑟 = 6, 𝜇𝑟 = 1.2 and 𝜎 = 3.2𝑥10−4 𝑚

Find the propagation parameters

Find the power transmitted by a 125MHz signal with a maximum electric
field of 150Vrms/m.
Find the losses in watts to the 5m from the origin
𝜎
𝑇𝑎𝑛(𝛿) =
𝜔𝜖

1
𝜖0 = 𝑥 10−9 𝐹/𝑚
36𝜋
Magnetic permeability

𝜇 = 𝜇0 𝜇𝑟
Electric permittivity

𝜖 = 𝜖0 𝜖 𝑟

𝑆
3.2𝑥10−4 𝑚
𝑇𝑎𝑛(𝛿) =
1
2 ∗ 𝜋 ∗ 125 ∗ 106 ∗ 6 ∗ 36𝜋 𝑥10−9 𝐹/𝑚

𝑇𝑎𝑛(𝛿) = 0.00768
We are talking about a lossless dielectric

𝛾 = 𝑗𝜔√𝜇𝜀

10−7 𝐻 1
𝛾 = 𝑗(2 ∗ 𝜋 ∗ 125 ∗ 106 )√(1.2 ∗ 4𝜋 𝑥 ) ∗ (6 ∗ 𝑥 10−9 𝐹/𝑚)
𝑚 36𝜋
 10−7 𝐻
1.2 ∗ 4𝜋 𝑥
𝑚
𝜂=√ 1
= 168.5955535449774
6∗ 𝑥 10−9 𝐹/𝑚
36𝜋
2
|150𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠𝑥0 |
𝑃0 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠(0) = 66.72𝑊
2|168.6|
𝜎𝜂
𝛼=
2
𝑆
(3.2𝑥10−4 ) 168.59
𝑚
𝛼=
2
𝛼 = 0.0269744

%𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = (1 − 𝑒 −2𝛼𝑥 )𝑥100%

%𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = (1 − 𝑒 −2(0.0269744)∗5 )𝑥100% = 23.64%

𝑃 =𝑉∗𝐼