METALURGI FISIK

Transformasi Fasa
KURVA PENDINGIN LOGAM MURNI
Cooling Curves
• Pure Metals • Alloys

Solidification
or Freezing range

Freezing or
Melting point

Metal A and Metal B Alloys A + B

Cooling Curves and
Phase Diagram

100% 100%
KURVA PENDINGIN BESI MURNI
 Diagram Paduan

1. Digram Paduan Zat larut sempurna

dalam keadaan padat
2. Digram Paduan Zat yang tidak dapat
larut dalam keadaan padat
3. Digram Paduan Zat yang larut
terbatas dalam keadaan padat
Solid solutions
• Two metals are completely miscible in the liquid
state, and they remain completely mixed on
solidification.
– LS
• A single -phase system
• Always have a range of possible compositions
– e.g. the solid phase in the copper-gold (Cu-Au)
system has a wide range of compositions between
100% Cu and 100% Au
Phase Diagram of
a Solid Solution
• All compositions above alloy 1 alloy 2
the liquidus line are LIQUID
liquidus
liquid, and those below
the solidus line are solid. +Solid
id solidus
Liqu
• Solid and liquid exist in

er ut ar ep meT
the area between both SOLID
line.
• The solid has only one Metal A %composition Metal B
(100%) (100%)
phase.
Intermetallic Compounds
• The resulting phase has a fixed chemical
composition or a narrow range of compositions.
– e.g. in an amalgam alloy,
73.2% Ag and 26.8% Sn  Ag3Sn (one phase)
Silver and tin atoms occupying definite positions in the space
lattice.
Phase Diagram of
an Intermetallic Compound

Ag3Sn, 73.2% Ag and 26.8% Sn

Eutectic Alloys
• The metals are soluble in the liquid state, but
separate into two phases in the solid state .
– L  S1 + S2 (= 2 solid solutions)
Phase Diagram of
a Eutectic Alloy
Silver-copper system
• L  -solid solution + -solid
solution
• The lowest temperature at which
any alloy composition is entirely
liquid = “Eutectic Temp” (779.4°C,
E)
– The eutectic temperature is lower
than the fusion temperature of
either Ag and Cu.
• At eutectic point, there is no
solidification range. (~pure metal)
• At eutectic composition (72%Ag +
28% Cu), the two phases often
precipitate as very fine layers of
one phase over the other one. Eutectic
composition
 Silver-copper system

Ag-rich phase Cu-rich phase

+  + eutectic
eutectic

Eutectic composition fine layers of

 phase over  phase
Ex. Lead-Tin Alloy

Eutectic composition High tin content

 + eutectic
How to read a simple phase
diagram?
(1) Composition of Liquid and Solid Phases at Various
Temp.
(2) Amount of Liquid and Solid Phases at Various
Temp.
Composition of Liquid and Solid
Phases at Various Temp.
Alloy (80%A +20%B)
When
If
Further
an alloy
thecooling
temperature
of 80%A
to 680°C
andreaches
20%B
resultsisin
melted
the
560°C,
solidthe
and
with
solid
then
theis
cooled,
composition
80%Aitand remains
the
90%Acontains
liquid until
and 760°C,
10%B 40%A;
and
at which
the
below liquid
point
540°C
with
the composition
theresolid
is no(97%A,
liquid60%A
and
3%B) the
and
begins
solid
40%B.
is
to
precipitate.
80%A.
Amount of Liquid and Solid
Phases at Various Temp.
• The relative amounts of
the two phases in the
liquid-solid region can
be determined at a
given temperature by
the inverse lever rule.
– At 560°C for 60%A
and 40%B composition
• Liquid = XY/XZ
• Solid = YZ/XZ
Ex. Silver-Palladium System

* *
Diagram Zat Larut Sempurna
Larutan padat subsitusi Larutan padat interstisi
Diagram Zat yang Tidak Dapat
Larut Dalam Keadaan Padat
Diagram Zat yang Larut Terbatas
Keadaan Padat
Diagram Zat Larut Terbatas
Type Eutectic
Diagram Zat Larut Terbatas
Type Peritectic