Chillers

Water cooled chillers are refrigeration systems used to cool fluids. Chilled water has a variety of
applications from space cooling to process uses.

The components of water cooled chillers are evaporator, condenser, compressor, and an expansion
valve. It has secondary, primary and condensation system. In primary system, water is forward towards
the chiller from usage area. Secondary system is path in which chillers supplies the cold water to usage
areas.

The cycle begins in the evaporator where a liquid refrigerant flows over the evaporator tube bundle and
evaporates, absorbing heat from the chilled water circulating through the bundle. The refrigerant vapor
is drawn out of the evaporator by the compressor. The compressor then “pumps” the refrigerant vapor
to the condenser raising its pressure and temperature. The refrigerant condenses on or in the
condenser tubes, giving up its heat to the cooling water. The high-pressure liquid refrigerant from the
condenser then passes through the expansion device that reduces the refrigerant pressure and
temperature as it enters the evaporator. The refrigerant again flows over the chilled water coils
absorbing more heat and completing the cycle. The temperature of cooled water is 6 to 70C

There are two types of chillers used in Emporium Mall.

Centrifugal Chiller
There are total seven chillers
present in basement. Each of them
is 600 tonne (metric ton) value and
two has 300 tonne value. It has
internal structure as described in
figure.

Absorption Chiller
There are two absorption chillers situated in Plant room each of them is of 742 tonne. It has internal
structure as described in figure.
RO Plant
Reverse osmoses is a process by which water is got treated for further proceeds. Like this plant uses
reverse osmoses for boilers.

Reverse osmoses tube is made by membranes have

 Polyester base
 Polysulfone layer
 Polyamide layer

Different membranes are combine spacer to pass water through it has clean water form bacteria, saults
and other impurities.

RO pumps are used to store reversed osmosed water to tanks. Two pumps are used for pumping RO
water.

Boilers
There are two Firetube Boiler
of company Cleaver-Brooks of
capacity six tonne. There is
another boiler situated in
Engine Hall. It uses Heat of
exhausted gasses of GENSET to
heat water.
Air Compressor
Air compressor is used for laundry and other useful works where Compressed air is needed.

Firefighting Room
Firefighting room is clear by its name as it provides water in the area of fire hazard. The firefighting pipe
in the Mall has 110 PSI pressure. Whenever pressure gets low the small centrifugal pump called Jockey
pump automatically starts to sustain the pressure. If hazard is to big and water is used to much than
Centrifugal pump starts to supply water. In case when the fire is started at MV room or in electrical
room that is disconnects the supply of electricity to pump than Diesel generator acts as secondary unit.

Booster Pump
Booster pumps are used to boost water to above level. There are three units situated in plant room each
individual unit has three sets motor.

Condenser Water Pump

Condenser Water Pumps are used to provide water from cooling towers there total fourteen
pumps present in the plant room.
Secondary Chilled Water Pump
Secondary Chilled Water Pump are used to take out chilled water towards AHUs and FCUs.
There are total fifteen pumps present in plant room.
Primary Chilled Water Pump

Primary Chilled Water Pump are used for return water path to chiller. There are total fourteen
pumps present in plant room.
Cooling tower
There are tow types of towers related to HVAC plant room for chillers

Centrifugal Chiller (Siemen)

Centrifugal chiller has six cooling rooms and eighteen motors; Each individual room has
three motors.
Absorption Chiller (Shinwa)
Absorption Chiller has two cooling rooms and six motors; Each individual room has three
motors.

SLS Pump
Sewerage lifting system pumps are used to life the fluid made by chemicals with sewerage and
other wastes. The fluid first store in tank where it is drained out by SLS pumps.
Septic pumps
These pumps take AC water or other cleaned but non-drinkable water out.

Rain water Pumps

These pumps are used to drain out the rain water.

Sprinkler pumps
These pumps are used to provide water in case of fire hazard and sprinklers are operational.

Tube wells
Tube wells are pumps used to provide water to storage water tank located in basement 4.

AHU
Air handling unit are used to supply fresh and cooled air to building. Its operation is as
explained below in figure.

FCU
Fan coil unit has same purpose as AHUs but at lower level. Its operation is as explained below in
figure.
Calorifier unit
Calorifier units are used to heat water for different usage. The steam or hot water coming from
boilers are contacted with cooled water to transfer heat. Its working and structure is explained
below in figure.