FAMILY COMMON CHARACTERISTICS VIRUS TRANSMISSION DISEASE DETECTION TREATMENT PREVENTION SITE OF

NAME LATENCY

I.HEPATITIS A VIRUS Picornaviridae Picornavirus ssRNA genome, Hepatitis A virus Fecal-oral Hepatitis, no carrier state Serology Supportive  Vaccine
icosahedra capsid w/ (enterovirus 72)  serum
no envelope immunoglobul
in

II.HEPATITIS B VIRUS Hepadnaviridae Hepadnaviruses partly double Hepatitis B virus direct contact Acute infection w/ resolution Serology, Viral Ag, Antiviral & Liver  HBV vaccine LIVER
stranded DNA including exchange (90%), Fulminant hepatitis, PCR transplant for  Hep.B immune
genome; icosahedral of body secretion, most co-infection w/ Delta fulminant disease globulin
capsid w/ envelope; recipient of virus (1%), Chronic hepatitis,
dane particle; contaminated asymptomatic carrier state,
surface Ag (Australia blood products, chronic persistent (systemic
Ag) percutaneous disease w/o progressive liver
injection of virus, disease), Chronic active disease
and perinatal (progressive liver disease)
exposure

III.HEPATITIS C VIRUS Flaviviridae Flavivirus ssRNA genome Hepatitis C virus Parenteral w/ Acute and Chronic Hepatitis, Serology, RT-PCR, Supportive, interferon  avoid contact
surrounded by sexual strong correlation bet. Chronic viral genotyping w/ virus
spherical and HCV infection and  blood supply
icosahedral capsid Hepatocellular cancer screened for
w/ envelope Ab to HCV

IV.HEPATITIS D VIRUS only member of requires HBV parenteral means disease w/ a fatality rate of 5%
the genus DELTA forreplication or chronic Sxs progressing
VIRUS w/c is not defective ssRNA Cirrhosis in 2/3 of PxsCo-
assigned to a virus infection – simultaneously
family requires HBsAG for infected w/ HBV
its envelope
Superinfection – HDV infection
develops in a px w. chronic
HBV infection; more severe,
higher risk of fulminant
hepatitis, chronic hepatitis,
cirrhosis

V.HEPATITIS E VIRUS Hepeviridae Hepatitis E non-enveloped, Hepavirus Fecal-oral Hepatitis similar to hepatitis A Serology Supportive avoid contact w/
icosahedral capsid except for extraordinary high virus
surrounding ssRNA case fatality rate (10-20%)
among pregnant women

VI.EBOLA VIRUS Filoviridae Filovirus enveloped, long, Ebola (Ebola- humans from severe haemorrhage and liver electron supportive avoid contacts w/
filamentous and Reston) and monkeys and necrosis; mortality as high as microscopy, cell virus
irregular, capsid Marburg viruses maybe from other 90% culture in monkey
forms w/ ssRNA wild animals; kidneys cells
human-human
transmission via
body fluids and
 respiratory
droplets

VII.DENGUE VIRUS Flaviviridae Flavivirus ssRNA genome Arboviruses arthropod vector, Dengue Serology and Ab Supportive  Avoid contact
surrounded by (arthropod- usually mosquito detection, RT-PCR w/vector
spherical and borne viruses)  vector control
icosahedral capsid including programs
w/ envelope dengue, etc

VIII.HERPES VIRUS Herpesviridae Hepesvirus double-stranded Herpes simplex Gingivostomatitis (HSV-1), Acyclovir, avoid contact Sensory
DNA genome, virus types 1 pharyngitis (HSV-1), herpes Valacyclovir,Famciclov nerve
icosahedral capsid and 2 labialis (HSV-1), genital ir ganglia
w/ envelope infection (HSV-2), conjunctivitis
(HSV-1), etc
Detection: Cell culture, PCR, etc

dorsal
close personal cell culture, PCR, Vaccine
ORAL HERPES Varicella-Zoster root
virus herpes-3 contact, droplet chicken pox (varicella), Shingles etc Acyclovir, Famciclovir ganglia
inhalation, direct (zoster)
contact w/
infectious lesions
SHINGLES (ZOSTER)
dorsal
root or
cranial
nerve
ganglia
after
primary
infection

IX.PARAMYXOVIRUSES Paramxoviridae Paramyxoviruses ssRNA genome, Measles virus Cell culture, Supportive, Immune Measles vaccine
helical capsid w/ serology serum globulin
envelope

MEASLES (Rubeola) Cell culture, Supportive Mumps vaccine

Mumps virus
serology

X.TOGAVIRUSES Togavirus ssRNA genome, Rubella virus Respiratory Rubella, congenital rubella Serology Supportive Rubella vaccine dorsal
icosahedral capsid droplets, root
w/ envelope transplacental ganglia

RUBELLA (German contact w/ exposure and infection of

virus) nasopharyngeal pregnant woman  infect the
secretions or by fetus causing multiple
congenital anomalies (congenital rubella
transmission (virus syndrome)
 crosses the
placenta  fetus)

XI.RHABDOVIRUSES Rhabdoviridae Rhabdovirus ssRNA genome, bite of rabid Rabies Fluorescent Ab Supportive  avoid contact
helical capsid w/ animal staining, PCR w/ rabid
envelope, bullet- animals
shape  vaccinate
domestic
animals
 post exposure
prophylaxis w/
hyperimmune
antirabies
globulin
 immunization
w/ rabies
vaccine

saliva of infected post-mortem

RABIES VIRUS
animals (bite) exam of brain
tissue using direct
immunofluorescen
t assay

XII.CORONAVIRUSES Coronaviridae Coronavirus ssRNA gemone, Coronavirus probably direct Common cold, SARS, MERS-CoV
helical capsid w/ contact or aerosol
envelope

XIII.ORTHOMYXOVIRUSES Orthomyxoviridae Orthomyxovirus segmented (8 Influenza A contact w/ Influenza (fever, malaise, Cell culture, RT- Supportive, Antivirals Influenza vaccines
separate molecules), *influenza B and respiratory headache, myalgia, cough), PCR or antiviral
ssRNA genome, C secretions primary influenza pneumonia, prophylaxis
helical capsid w/ bronchitis, otitis media)
envelope

Skin and genital warts, spontaneous

HUMAN Direct contact,
 Avoid contact Epithelial
anogenital warts, etc disappearance the
PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) sexual contact for Cytology, DNA tissue
rule, surgical or w/ infected
genital warts probes chemical removal tissue
 vaccination