OSPS Protection Settings Report Rev 0

Owen Springs Power Station 1 August 2014
Revision: 0
Protection Settings Report Reference: 240115-001
Power and Water Corporation

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Document control
Report title Protection Settings Report
Document ID Project number 240115-001
File path C:\Users\thomasa02\AppData\Roaming\OpenText\OTEdit\EC_cs\c106472921\OSPS Protection

Settings Report Rev 0.docx
Client Power and Water Client contact

Corporation
Rev Date Revision details/status Prepared by Author Verifier Approver

0 1 August 2014 Issue to Client NJG STI KJVR AJT
Current revision 0
Project 240115-001 File OSPS Protection Settings Report Rev 0.docx 1 August 2014 Revision 0
Contents
1 Introduction 1
2 Fault data 1
2.1 Introduction 1
2.2 Model input and assumption 1
2.3 Fault Study Results 1
3 Protection grading 1
3.1 Overcurrent 1
3.2 Earth fault 1
4 Protection settings 1
4.1 Gas engine generator sets 1, 2 and 3 1
4.2 11 kV feeder to Gas Turbine A 8
4.3 11 kV feeder to the 11/22 kV transformer 10
4.4 11 kV Incoming feeders No.1 and No.2 12
4.5 11/0.433 kV Station Transformers No.1 and No.2 13
4.6 11 kV Earthing Transformers No.1 and No.2 15
4.7 11 kV bus tie circuit breaker 17
4.8 11 kV Busbar protection 18
Appendices
Appendix A
Relay logic diagrams
Project 240115-001 File OSPS Protection Settings Report Rev 0.docx 1 August 2014 Revision 0 Page i
1 Introduction
In 2013 Aurecon was engaged by Power and Water Corporation (PWC) to carry out an assessment of
the existing protection system at Owen Springs Power Station (OSPS). At the completion of the
assessment Aurecon produced a report which identified the deficiencies regarding the existing
protection settings, relay logic diagrams, relay configuration files and protection tripping arrangement.
A second commission was received from PWC in 2014 for the production of new relay logic diagrams,
relay settings, relay configuration files and design of circuitry modifications in order to implement the
recommendations included in Aurecon’s report “Owen Springs Power Station – Protection Settings
and Logic Review” dated 30 August 2013.
This new report presents the protection settings recommended for all the relays associated with the
OSPS 11 kV Switchboard and also includes the new logic diagram drawings in Appendix A.
2 Fault data
2.1 Introduction
The system was modelled using Paladin Design Base 5.0 power system analysis software to
determine prospective fault level at different locations under representative fault scenarios. These fault
scenarios identify the prospective short circuit current that each piece of equipment is required to
withstand and determine discrimination with other relays and circuit breakers.
2.2 Model input and assumption

The following assumptions have been made in the creation of the model:
 Typical X/R ratio has been used for 11kV/415V transformer as per AS3851
 Typical X/R ratio has been used for 11kV/22kV transformer as per AS3851
 Typical X/R ratio has been used for 66kV/11kV transformer as per AS3851
 Both station 11kV/415V transformers are energised at all times as per AS3851
 No c factors are applied to results
 Kg factor applied to generator fault levels to account for loaded generators
 No fault contribution from 11kV or 22kV networks
 No fault contribution from Brewer Power Station
 Xd modified so steady state fault contribution from generators decays to 300% FLC due to AVR
action
2.3 Fault Study Results

Fault levels were calculated to develop the protection settings. The scenarios considered are:
 Fault scenario 1 – 3 phase fault on 11kV Bus A, with all generators in service, two 66/11kV
transformers connected and 11kV bus tie closed
Project 240115-001 File OSPS Protection Settings Report Rev 0.docx 1 August 2014 Revision 0 Page 1
 Fault scenario 2 – 3 phase fault on 11kV Bus A with Gen 1 and Gen OSA in service, 66/11kV
transformer 1 connected and 11kV bus tie closed
 Fault scenario 3 – 3 phase fault on 66kV Bus, with all generators in service, two 66/11kV
 Fault scenario 4 – 3 phase fault on 66kV Bus, with Gen 1 and Gen OSA in service, 66/11kV
 Fault scenario 5 – 3 phase fault on 22kV Bus, with all generators in service, two 66/11kV
 Fault scenario 6 – 3 phase fault on 22kV Bus, with Gen 1 and Gen OSA in service, 66/11kV
 Fault scenario 7 – 3 phase fault on 415V Bus A, with all generators in service, two 66/11kV
 Fault scenario 8 – 3 phase fault on 415V Bus A, with Gen 1 and Gen OSA in service, 66/11kV
 Fault scenario 9 – single phase fault on 11kV Bus A, 415V bus tie open, both earthing transformers
connected, with all generators in service, and 11kV bus tie closed
 Fault scenario 10 – single phase fault on 11kV Bus A, one earthing transformer connected, with all
generators in service, and 11kV bus tie closed
Fault scenario 1 – 3 phase fault on 11kV Bus A, with all generators in service, two 66/11kV transformers connected and 11kV bus tie closed
66/11kV transformer 1 66/11kV transformer 2
Total current fault G1 contribution G2 contribution G3 contribution GTA contribution
Fault contribution contribution
location 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30
cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles
11kV
22977 19498 16141 4944 3922 3058 4945 3923 3058 4938 3918 3055 2182 1766 999 2962 2964 2968 3006 3005 3003
Bus A
Fault scenario 2 – 3 phase fault on 11kV Bus A with Gen 1 and Gen OSA in service, 66/11kV transformer 1 connected and 11kV bus tie closed
66/11kV transformer 1
Total current fault G1 contribution GTA contribution
Fault contribution
location 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30
cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles
11kV
12048 10647 9175 4944 3922 3058 1987 1607 999 5117 5118 5118
Bus A
Fault scenario 3 – 3 phase fault on 66kV Bus, with all generators in service, two 66/11kV transformers connected and 11kV bus tie closed
Total current fault G1 contribution G2 contribution G3 contribution GTA contribution 66kV grid contribution
contribution contribution
Fault
(at 66kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 66kV) (at 66kV) (at 66kV)
location
1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30
cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles
66kV
2998 2722 2515 3363 2855 2387 3364 2855 2387 3364 2855 2387 1487 1287 780 1192 1192 1192 900 762 659 906 768 664
Bus
Fault scenario 4 – 3 phase fault on 66kV Bus, with Gen 1 and GT A in service, 66/11kV transformer 1 connected and 11kV bus tie closed
Total current fault G1 contribution GTA contribution 66kV grid contribution
contribution
Fault
(at 66kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 66kV) (at 66kV)
location
1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30
cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles
66kV
2000 1882 1745 3363 2855 2500 1487 1287 817 1192 1192 1192 808 690 553
Bus
Fault scenario 5 – 3 phase fault on 22kV Bus, with all generators in service, two 66/11kV transformers connected and 11kV bus tie closed
Fault
location (at 22kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV)
1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30
22kV
3518 3233 2856 1495 1326 1167 1495 1326 1167 1493 1324 1166 660 597 318 940 940 940 953 953 953
Bus
Fault scenario 6 – 3 phase fault on 22kV Bus, with Gen 1 and GT A in service, 66/11kV transformer 1 connected and 11kV bus tie closed
contribution
Fault
location (at 22kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 66kV)
1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30
22kV
2262 2146 1927 1495 1326 1167 660 597 318 2369 2369 2369
Bus
Fault scenario 7 – 3 phase fault on 415V Bus A, with all generators in service, two 66/11kV transformers connected and 11kV bus tie closed
Fault
location (at 415V) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV)
1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30
415V
28043 26533 25154 222 205 197 222 205 197 222 205 197 98 92 64 146 146 146 148 148 148
Bus A
Fault scenario 8 – 3 phase fault on 415V Bus A, with Gen 1 and GT A in service, 66/11kV transformer 1 connected and 11kV bus tie closed
contribution
Fault
location (at 415V) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV)
1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30
415V
26828 26633 26322 393 348 330 174 157 108 449 500 555
Bus A
Fault scenario 9 – single phase fault on 11kV Bus A, 415V bus tie open, both earthing transformers connected, with all generators in service, and 11kV bus tie closed
Earthing Earthing
Fault Total current GTA
Transformer 1 Transformer 2
location fault contribution
11kV
1758 722 734 302
Bus A
Fault scenario 10 – Single phase fault on 11kV Bus A, one earthing transformer connected, with all generators in service, and 11kV bus tie closed
Earthing
Fault Total current GTA
Transformer 1
location fault contribution
contribution
11kV
1048 739 309
Bus A
3 Protection grading
Settings for the overcurrent and earth fault protection were selected in order to achieve correct
discrimination for 11 kV faults. This will ensure that when a fault occurs, only the relay nearest to the
fault will operate.
3.1 Overcurrent
For an 11 kV phase-phase fault, the currents will be supplied by the gas turbine and gas engine
generator sets and also by the 66/11 kV transformers. For example, if the fault is located on the 11 kV
cable connecting Station transformer no.1 to the 11 kV station switchboard, the proposed settings will
achieve the following operating times.
 Station transformer CB overcurrent protection 0.05 s
 Bus tie CB overcurrent protection 0.3 s
 Gen 1, Gen 2, Gen 3 and GT A CBs overcurrent protection 0.6 s
 66/11 kV transformers 11 kV CBs overcurrent protection 0.8 s
3.2 Earth fault

For an 11 kV phase to earth fault, the currents will be supplied by the 11 kV earthing transformers and
by gas turbine A. For example, if the fault is located on the 11 kV cable connecting station transformer
no.1 to the 11 kV station switchboard, the proposed settings will achieve the following operating times.
 Station transformer CB earth fault protection 0.1 s
 Bus tie CB earth fault protection 0.5 s
 GT A CB earth fault protection 1s
 Earthing transformers CBs earth fault protection 1.5 s
It should be noted that the earthing transformer earth fault protection will trip all the circuit breakers
connected to the 11 kV busbar section associated with the respective earthing transformer.
4 Protection settings
4.1 Gas engine generator sets 1, 2 and 3
Each gas engine generator is protected by a GE G60 relay. The protection functions provided by the
GE G60 relay and the proposed settings are listed below.
4.1.1 Generator differential

The main protection provided by the GE G60 relay is generator differential which ensures fast
operation for faults in the generator stator winding. The differential protection element has a dual
slope, percent restraint characteristic which prevents relay maloperation caused by CT saturation
during external faults.
A pickup setting of 10% was selected (that is 80 A CT primary current) which provides adequate
protection sensitivity considering that the earth fault current is limited to 756 A when only one earthing
transformer is connected to the Station 11 kV Switchboard. The differential characteristic slope 1 was
set to 10% in order to allow for CT and relay errors when the generator operates at its maximum
current level. The differential characteristic slope 2 was set to 80% as recommended by the relay
instruction manual in order to ensure stability under heavy external fault conditions that could lead to
high differential currents as a result of CT saturation.
The following settings are proposed for the differential protection:
 Pickup 0.1 pu ( 80 A primary )
 Slope 1 10%
 Break Point 1 1 pu ( 800 A primary )
 Slope 2 80%
 Break Point 2 4 pu ( 3200 A primary )
4.1.2 Loss of excitation

The relay detects the generator loss of excitation by measuring the impedance as viewed from the
generator terminals. The relay has two circular zones of operation and the relay operates when the
impedance falls inside the circular characteristics. Stage 1 characteristic is set to detect a loss of
excitation when the generator operates between 30% and 100% of nominal rating. The diameter of
Stage 1 characteristic is equal to the base impedance of the generator and has an offset equal to half
the generator transient reactance. Stage 2 characteristic is set to detect loss of excitation under light
load conditions. The diameter of Stage 2 characteristic is equal to the synchronous reactance of the
generator and has the same offset as Stage 1. Each operating stage is time delayed to prevent
nuisance tripping during power swings.
The following settings are proposed for the loss of excitation protection.
 Center 1 42.41 ohms
 Radius 1 34.12 ohms
 Time Delay 1 0.1 sec
 Center 2 55.5 ohms
 Radius 2 47.22 ohms
 Time Delay 2 0.5 sec
4.1.3 Reverse power
Motoring of generators occurs when the energy supply to the prime mover is cut off while the
generator is still on line. The motoring power of a gas engine is estimated to have a minimum value of
10% of the rated power. The first reverse power element trips the generator circuit breaker and is set
to 50% of the motoring power. A time delay of 10 seconds is applied to prevent operation during
power swings caused by system disturbances or synchronising. The second reverse power element
has a more sensitive setting and is used for alarming only.
The following settings are proposed for reverse power protection.
 Dir Power 1 RCA 180°
 Dir Power 1 S min 0.05 pu ( 762 kVA primary )
 Dir Power 1 Delay 10 sec
 Dir Power 2 RCA 180°
 Dir Power 2 S min 0.03 pu ( 457 kVA primary )
 Dir Power 2 Delay 5 sec
4.1.4 Generator unbalance

The generator unbalance element protects the machine from rotor damage due to excessive negative
sequence current. The element has an inverse time stage 1 which is used for tripping and a definite
time stage 2 used for alarm purposes. The inverse time stage operating characteristic is defined by
the following equation:
T=
where K is the negative sequence capability constant of the generator.
In the absence of generator manufacturer’s data, a typical value of 20 was used for the K constant.
Similarly, the maximum continuous negative sequence current ( I rating was assumed to be 8% of
the generator nominal current.
The following settings are proposed for the generator unbalance protection:
 Gen Unbal Inom 0.93 pu ( 744 A primary )
 Gen Unbal Stage 1 Pickup 8% ( 59.5 A primary )
 Gen Unbal Stage 1 K value 20
 Gen Unbal Stage 1 T min 5 sec
 Gen Unbal Stage 1 T max 1,000 sec
 Gen Unbal K reset 600 sec
 Gen Unbal Stage 2 Pickup 6% ( 44.6 A primary )
 Gen Unbal Stage 2 Delay 60 sec
4.1.5 Volts per Hertz
Overexcitation (Volts per Hertz) is used to protect generators and transformers from excessive
magnetic flux density levels which can result from overvoltage, underfrequency or a combination of
both. ANSI/IEEE Standard C50.13-1989 states that the Volts/Hertz limit for generators is 1.05 pu while
IEEE Tutorial (95 TP 102) on the Protection of Synchronous Generators provides guidelines for setting
the V/Hz protection. In line with the IEEE tutorial a dual level V/HZ protection is proposed using both
an inverse time stage and a definite time stage. The following settings are proposed for the V/Hz
protection.
 V/Hz 1 Pickup 1.05 pu
 V/Hz 1 Curve Inverse A
 V/Hz 1 Time multiplier 10
 V/Hz 2 Pickup 1.23 pu
 V/Hz 2 Curve Definite Time
 V/Hz 2 Time delay 2 sec
4.1.6 Accidental energisation

This relay element provides protection against energisation while the generator is at standstill or
reduced speed. This element is enabled using a combination of the generator CB open status and
undervoltage condition. Once enabled, the accidental energisation element operates upon detecting
an overcurrent condition in any of the stator phases. The following settings are proposed for the
accidental energisation protection.
 OC Pickup 0.3 pu ( 240 A primary )
 UV Pickup 0.7 pu ( 7.7 kV primary )
4.1.7 Synchrocheck
The synchrocheck protection element verifies that the voltages on the two sides of the generator CB
are within set limits of magnitude, angle and frequency differences. The following settings are
proposed for the synchrocheck element.
 Max Volt diff 500 V
 Max Angle diff 20°
 Max Freq diff 0.1 Hz
 Max Freq hysteresis 0.05 Hz
 Dead Source LV1 and DV2
 Dead Source Volt 0.2 pu
 Live Source Volt 0.8 pu
4.1.8 Circuit breaker fail
The circuit breaker fail (CBF) element is initiated when a trip is issued by the GE G60 relay elements
or by the Bus Zone relay. The CBF element monitors the currents in each phase and compares the
current values with the CBF overcurrent setting. If the measured currents exceed the pickup setting
when the CBF timer has expired a CBF trip is issued. The following settings are proposed for the CBF
protection element.
 CBF Pickup ( Phase IOC 2 ) 0.1 pu ( 80 A primary )
 CBF Time delay 0.25 sec
4.1.9 Phase time overcurrent

The phase time overcurrent element is used to provide back-up protection for phase-phase faults on
the 11 kV system. This protection element, also known as time delayed overcurrent, should ensure
grading with the high set overcurrent relays which are closer to the fault location. The IEC Standard
Inverse operating characteristic was selected for the low set overcurrent element and the pickup was
set to 110% of the generator rated current. The time multiplier was selected so that for phase-phase
faults on the 11 kV system the operating time is 0.63 seconds which will ensure proper grading with
the primary protection of each item of plant connected to the 11 kV system. Calculation of the relay
operating time involves the generator short circuit current which is based on the generator transient
reactance. The following settings are proposed for the phase time overcurrent protection.
 Phase TOC 1 Pickup 1.03 pu ( 824 A primary )
 Phase TOC 1 Curve IEC Curve A
 Phase TOC 1 Time multiplier 0.12
4.1.10 Phase instantaneous overcurrent

The phase instantaneous overcurrent element is set to operate only for phase-phase faults in the
stator winding or in the cable between the generator and the generator CB. Therefore the pickup of
this protection element, also known as high set overcurrent, was set above the maximum fault current
contribution made by the generator for a phase-phase fault on the 11 kV system (that is the initial
symmetrical short circuit current which is calculated using the generator subtransient reactance). The
following settings are proposed for the phase instantaneous overcurrent protection:
 Phase IOC 1 Pickup 7 pu ( 5600 A primary )
 Phase IOC 1 Delay 0.05 sec
4.1.11 Neutral overvoltage

Each gas engine generator is operated with its neutral point unearthed and therefore no zero
sequence currents will be supplied by the generators for a phase to earth fault on the 11 kV system.
The neutral overvoltage element, also known as neutral voltage displacement, can be used to detect
the residual voltage which will exist during an earth fault on the 11 kV system. The neutral overvoltage
element was set to operate with 1 second time delay in order to discriminate with the earth fault relays
which are closer to the fault location. The following settings are proposed for the neutral overvoltage
protection.
 Neutral OV 1 Pickup 0.4 pu (4400 V primary )
 Neutral OV 1 Curve Definite Time
 Neutral OV 1 Delay 1 sec
4.1.12 Voltage protection
Voltage protection settings were selected based on the requirements detailed in PWC Network
Connection Technical Code. According to this document, a generating unit shall be capable of
continuous uninterrupted operation at voltages between 90% and 110% of nominal voltage. In addition
to this, the generator shall withstand the voltage dip produced by a network fault which causes the
voltage to drop to zero for 1 second followed by a period of ten seconds where voltage may vary in the
range 80% - 100% of the nominal voltage. It should be noted that the settings selected for the voltage
protection cannot completely satisfy the requirements of the PWC Network Connection Technical
Code since the GE G60 relay only has one stage overvoltage element and dual stage undervoltage
element. The following settings are proposed for the voltage protection.
 Phase UV1 Trip
 Phase UV1 Pickup 0.8 pu ( 8.8 kV primary )
 Phase UV1 Curve Definite time
 Phase UV1 Delay 15 sec
 Phase UV2 Alarm
 Phase UV2 Pickup 0.9 pu (9.9 kV primary)
 Phase UV2 Curve Definite time
 Phase UV2 Delay 10 sec
 Phase OV1 Trip
 Phase OV1 Pickup 1.15 pu ( 12.65 kV primary )
 Phase OV1 Delay 3 sec
4.1.13 Frequency protection
Frequency protection settings were selected based on the requirements detailed in PWC Network
Connection Technical Code. According to this document, the generator minimum duration of operation
at frequencies in the ranges 47 to 49.5 Hz and 50.5 to 51.5 Hz shall comply with ANSI/IEEE Std
C37.106-1987 and the minimum duration of operation at frequencies in the range 51.5 to 52 Hz should
be 1 minute. In the case of operation below 47 Hz but above 45 Hz the generator shall remain
connected for at least 2 seconds. It should be noted that the maximum time delay available for the GE
G60 frequency elements is 65 seconds. Therefore, for frequencies between 47.8 – 49.4 Hz and
50.6 - 51.4 Hz which require much longer operating times than the maximum time delay available for
the GE G60 relay, the relay was programmed to provide an alarm rather than a trip. The following
settings are proposed for the frequency protection:
 Overfreq 1 Trip
 Overfreq 1 Pickup 51.5 Hz
 Overfreq 1 Delay 65 sec
 Overfreq 2 Trip
 Overfreq 3 Alarm
 Underfreq 1 Trip
 Underfreq 1 Pickup 47.7 Hz
 Underfreq 1 Delay 60 sec
 Underfreq 4 Delay 0.1 sec
 Underfreq 5 Alarm
4.2 11 kV feeder to Gas Turbine A
The 11 kV feeder which connects the 3.9 MW Gas Turbine A (GT A) to the 11 kV Station Switchboard
is protected by a GE G60 relay. GT A generator is separately protected by a dedicated protection
relay and generator circuit breaker. The function of the GE G60 relay is to provide primary protection
for faults on the 11 kV cable which connects GT A circuit breaker to the Station Switchboard, and
back-up protection during GT A fault current contribution to 11 kV system faults. The protection
functions provided by the GE G60 relay and the proposed settings are listed below.

The phase time overcurrent element is used to provide back-up protection for phase-phase faults on
the 11 kV system. This protection element, also known as time delayed overcurrent, should ensure
grading with the high set overcurrent relays which are closer to the fault location. The IEC Standard
Inverse operating characteristic was selected for the time delayed overcurrent element and the pickup
was set to 110% of the GT A generator rated current. The time multiplier was selected so that for
phase to phase faults on the 11 kV system the relay operating time is 0.6 seconds which will ensure
proper grading with the primary protection of each item of plant connected to the 11 kV system.
Calculation of the relay operating time involves the generator short circuit current which is based on
the generator transient reactance. The following settings are proposed for the phase time overcurrent
protection.
 Phase TOC 1 Pickup 0.5 pu (400 A primary)

The phase instantaneous overcurrent element should operate only for phase-phase faults in the cable
between the GT A generator circuit breaker and the 11 kV Station Switchboard. Therefore the pickup
of this protection element was set above the maximum through fault current that GT A generator can
supply during a phase-phase fault on the 11 kV system (that is the initial symmetrical short circuit
current which is calculated using the generator subtransient reactance).
The following settings are proposed for the phase instantaneous overcurrent element.
 Phase IOC 1 Pickup 3.25 pu (2,600 A primary)
4.2.3 Neutral time overcurrent
The neutral point of the GT A generator is earthed via an earthing resistor which limits the generator
fault contribution to 300 A for an 11 kV phase to earth fault. The neutral time overcurrent element, also
known as time delayed earth fault, will detect earth faults anywhere on the 11 kV system and therefore
should ensure grading with the high set earth fault relays which are closer to the fault location. The
IEC Standard Inverse operating characteristic was selected for the time delayed earth fault and the
pickup was set to 10% of the CT rated primary current, that is 80 A primary.
The time multiplier was selected so that for phase to earth faults on the 11 kV system the relay
operating time is 1 second which will ensure coordination with the primary protection of each item of
plant connected to the 11 kV system. The following settings are proposed for the neutral time
overcurrent element.
 Neutral TOC 1 Pickup 0.1 pu (80 A primary)
 Neutral TOC 1 Curve IEC Curve A
 Neutral TOC 1 Time multiplier 0.19
4.2.4 Neutral instantaneous overcurrent

The neutral instantaneous overcurrent element, also known as high set earth fault, should operate
only for phase to earth faults in the cable between the GT A generator circuit breaker and the 11 kV
Station Switchboard. Therefore the pickup of this protection element was set to 400 A, which is above
the maximum fault current supplied by the GT A generator during an 11 kV earth fault. The following
settings are proposed for the neutral instantaneous overcurrent element.
 Neutral IOC 1 Pickup 0.5 pu (400 A primary )
 Neutral IOC 1 Delay 0.1 sec

The circuit breaker fail ( CBF ) element is initiated when a trip is issued by the GE G60 relay elements
protection element.
 CBF Pickup ( Phase IOC 2 ) 0.1 pu (80 A primary )
4.2.6 Synchrocheck
The synchrocheck protection element verifies that the voltages on the bus and line sides of the
breaker are within set limits of magnitude, angle and frequency differences. The following settings are
 Dead Source DV1 or DV2
4.3 11 kV feeder to the 11/22 kV transformer

The 11 kV feeder to the 15 MVA 11/22 kV transformer is protected by a GE G60 relay. The main
protection for the transformer is provided by a GE T60 differential relay which is owned and
maintained by Power Networks and therefore it was not included in this protection report.
The GE G60 relay provides main protection for the 11 kV feeder and back-up protection for the
15 MVA transformer. The protection functions provided by the GE G60 relay and the proposed
settings are listed below.

The IEC Standard Inverse operating characteristic was selected for this protection element and the
pick-up was set to 120% of the transformer maximum continuous current. The time multiplier was
selected so that for phase-phase faults on the 22 kV line supplied by the transformer an operating time
of 0.6 seconds is achieved in order to allow the 22 kV PMR to operate first. The following settings are
proposed for the phase time overcurrent element.

The phase instantaneous overcurrent element should operate only for phase-phase faults in the 11 kV
cable or in the transformer 11 kV winding. Therefore the pick-up for this element was set above the
maximum through fault current which will be seen by the relay for a phase-phase fault on the 22 kV
line. The following settings are proposed for the phase instantaneous overcurrent protection.
 Phase IOC 1 Pickup 13 pu (10,400 A primary)
The IEC Standard Inverse operating characteristic was selected for the time delayed earth fault and
the pickup was set to 10% of the CT rated primary current, that is 80 A primary. The time multiplier
was set to 0.1 since no discrimination is required with the PMR for 22 kV phase to earth faults. The
following settings are proposed for the time delayed earth fault protection.
 Neutral TOC 1 Pickup 0.1 pu ( 80 A primary )

The minimum earth fault level at the 11 kV station switchboard has a value of 756 A and is achieved
when only one earthing transformer is in service. The pick-up of the instantaneous earth fault
protection was set to 400 A in order to ensure operation for the minimum 11 kV earth fault current. The
following settings are proposed for the instantaneous earth fault element.
 Neutral IOC 1 Pickup 0.5 pu ( 400 A primary )

The circuit breaker fail (CBF) element is initiated when a trip is issued by the GE G60 relay elements
protection element.
 CBF Pickup ( Phase IOC 2 ) 0.1 pu ( 80 A primary )
4.3.6 Synchrocheck
proposed for the synchrocheck element:
 Dead Source DV1 or DV2
4.4 11 kV Incoming feeders No.1 and No.2
The 11 kV incoming feeders 1 and 2 connect the Station 11 kV Switchboard to the Power Networks
66 kV system via two 45 MVA 66/11 kV transformers. Each transformer is protected by duplicated
differential protection which is not assessed under this protection review.
Each 11 kV incomer is equipped with a GE SR750 relay and the proposed protection functions and
settings for this relay are listed below:

The time delayed overcurrent element is intended for back-up protection during phase-phase faults
downstream of the 11 kV incomer. The IEC Standard Inverse operating characteristic was selected for
this protection element and the pick-up was set to 105% of the transformer maximum continuous
current. When two 66/11 kV transformers are in service, the through fault current seen by each 11 kV
incomer relay is only 2990 A. For this fault current the IEC Standard Inverse curve will take a long time
to operate (that is 3.9 seconds) and therefore a second overcurrent stage with a Definite Time
characteristic is required in order to operate in 0.8 seconds for fault currents supplied by the 66/11 kV
transformers which exceed 2625 A. Both the IEC Standard Inverse operating element and the Definite
Time operating element will ensure proper grading with downstream time delayed overcurrent relays.
The following settings are proposed for the phase time overcurrent protection.
 Phase TOC 1 Pickup 1 pu (2,500 A primary)
 Phase TOC 2 Pickup 1.05 pu (2625 A primary )
 Phase TOC 2 Curve Definite time
 Phase TOC 2 Time multiplier 8 ( for DT curves TM=8 achieves 0.8 sec)

The 11 kV winding of the 66/11 kV transformer is delta connected and therefore zero sequence
currents cannot be supplied by the transformer for a phase to earth fault downstream from the 11 kV
incomer. For this reason, the time delayed earth fault element will only detect earth fault currents
flowing towards the transformer 11 kV winding or 11 kV incoming cable. The Definite Time
characteristic was selected for this element and the pick-up was set to 10% of the CT rated current,
that is 250 A primary. A short time delay of 0.1 seconds was selected in order to ensure coordination
with the bus tie relay for phase-earth faults in the transformer 11 kV winding or 11 kV incoming cable.
The following settings are proposed for the neutral time overcurrent protection.
 Neutral TOC 1 Pickup 0.1 pu ( 250 A primary )
 Neutral TOC 1 Curve Definite time
 Neutral TOC 1 Time multiplier 1 ( for DT curves TM=1 achieves t=0.1 sec )
The circuit breaker fail (CBF) element is initiated when a trip is issued by the GE SR750 relay
elements or by the Bus Zone relay. The CBF element monitors the currents in each phase and
compares the current values with the CBF overcurrent setting. If the measured currents exceed the
pickup setting when the CBF timer has expired a CBF trip is issued. The following settings are
proposed for the CBF protection element.
 CBF Pickup 0.1 pu ( 250 A primary )
 CBF Time delay 1 0.25 sec
4.4.4 Synchrocheck
 Max Volt diff 0.5 kV
 Dead Source DL x DB
4.5 11/0.433 kV Station Transformers No.1 and No.2

Each station transformer is protected by a GE SR750 relay. The protection functions provided by the
SR750 relay and the proposed settings are listed below.

The IEC Standard Inverse operating characteristic was selected for this protection element and the
pick-up was set to 120% of the transformer full load current. The time multiplier was selected so that
an operating time of 0.6 seconds is achieved for the maximum through fault current which the
transformer will supply during a LV phase-phase fault. This operating time should ensure that the LV
protection devices operate first for LV phase-phase faults. The following settings are proposed for the
phase time overcurrent protection.
 Phase TOC 1 Pickup 1.05 pu ( 126 A primary )
The phase instantaneous overcurrent element should operate only for phase-phase faults in the 11 kV
cable or in the transformer 11 kV winding. Therefore the pick-up for this element was set above the
maximum through fault current which will be seen by the relay for a LV phase-phase fault. The pick-up
was also set above the transformer magnetizing inrush current so that it prevents nuisance tripping
when the transformer is energized. The following settings are proposed for the phase instantaneous
overcurrent protection.
 Phase IOC 1 Pickup 13 pu ( 1560 A primary)

The IEC Standard Inverse operating characteristic was selected for the time delayed earth fault and
the pickup was set to 20% of the CT rated primary current, that is 24 A primary. The time multiplier
was set to 0.1 since no discrimination is required with the LV protection for LV earth faults. The
 Neutral TOC 1 Pickup 0.2 pu (24 A primary )

The high set earth fault protection was set approximately to the same value as the transformer full
load current in order to provide good sensitivity for earth faults in the transformer 11 kV delta winding.
The following settings are proposed for the high set earth fault protection.
 Neutral IOC 1 Pickup 0.9 pu (108 A primary)

The circuit breaker fail ( CBF ) element is initiated when a trip is issued by the GE SR750 relay
 CBF Pickup 0.1 pu (12 A primary)
4.5.6 Bus undervoltage
The GE SR750 relay monitors the 11 kV bus voltage in order to detect loss of power to the Station
Switchboard and start the standby LV generator. The following settings are proposed for the
undervoltage element.
 Undervoltage Pickup 0.75 pu (8.25 kV primary)
 Undervoltage Curve Definite time
 Undervoltage Time Delay 5 seconds
4.6 11 kV Earthing Transformers No.1 and No.2

Neutral earthing of the 11 kV Station Switchboard is provided by two earthing transformers, each
connected to a bus section of the switchboard. Each transformer has a GE SR750 relay which
provides primary protection for transformer phase-phase and phase to earth faults and back-up
protection for 11 kV system phase to earth faults. An additional earth fault relay, GE MIFII type, is
provided for each earthing transformer. The protection functions and proposed settings for the GE
SR750 and MIFII relays are listed below.
4.6.1 GE SR750 – Restricted earth fault

The restricted earth fault (REF) element provides sensitive earth fault detection for faults near the
neutral end of the transformer winding. The residual current of the three line CTs is balanced against
the output of a CT installed in the neutral to earth connection. This protection element is of the high
impedance type and will operate for earth faults within the region between the CTs. A stabilising
resistor is required to ensure that the relay remains stable for faults outside the protected zone. The
following settings are proposed for the REF protection:
 REF Pickup 0.1 pu (80 A primary)
 REF Time Delay 0.1 seconds
 Stabilising Resistor 56 ohms
4.6.2 GE SR750 – Phase time overcurrent

The time delayed overcurrent element should only operate for phase-phase faults in the earthing
transformer winding. Therefore the pick-up of this element should be set above the currents which will

flow through the line CTs during an earth fault on the 11 kV system, that is = 252 A. The IEC
Standard Inverse curve was selected for the time delayed overcurrent and the time multiplier was set
to 0.1 since there is no need to slow down the operation of this element. The following settings are
proposed for the phase time overcurrent element.
4.6.3 GE SR750 – Phase instantaneous overcurrent
The high set overcurrent element was set to provide fast protection operation for phase-phase faults
which exceed ten times the pick-up of the time delayed overcurrent element, that is 3200A. The
following settings are proposed for the phase instantaneous overcurrent protection.
 Phase IOC 1 Pickup 4 pu (3,200 A primary)
4.6.4 GE SR750 – Neutral time overcurrent

The time delayed earth fault element responds to phase to earth faults anywhere in the 11 kV system
and therefore should provide back- up protection to the relays located closer to the fault location. In
the case of an earth fault in the earthing transformer winding, this protection element acts as back-up
to the REF protection. The Definite Time characteristic was selected for this element with a time delay
of 1.5 seconds. The following settings are proposed for the time delayed earth fault protection.
 Neutral TOC 1 Time multiplier 15 (for DT curves TM=15 achieves t=1.5 sec)
4.6.5 GE SR750 – Circuit breaker fail

The circuit breaker fail (CBF) element is initiated when a trip is issued by the GE SR750 relay
 CBF Pickup 0.1 pu ( 80 A primary )
4.6.6 GE MIFII – Ground time overcurrent

This relay provides the same function as the neutral time overcurrent element of the GE SR750 relay
and therefore should have similar settings. The only difference between them is that the MIFII relay is
energised from a neutral CT rather than phase CTs and therefore its pick-up can be set lower, that is
10% instead of 20% of the CT nominal current. Same operating characteristic and time delay are
proposed for this relay as for the earth fault element of the GE SR750 relay.
 Ground TOC Pickup 0.1 In (80 A primary)
 Ground TOC Curve Definite time
 Time delay 1.5 seconds
4.7 11 kV bus tie circuit breaker
The bus tie circuit breaker is fitted with GE SR750 relay. The protection functions provided by the
SR750 relay and the proposed settings are listed below.

This protection element should operate before the overcurrent protection of the generator breakers or
the incoming feeder breakers so that one section of the Station 11 kV Switchboard remains in service
during a phase-phase fault not cleared by the primary protection. For example, a phase-phase fault on
the 11 kV feeder to the 11/22 kV transformer should be cleared by the feeder GE SR750 relay in 0.05
seconds. If this relay fails to operate, then the bus tie overcurrent element should operate next in order
to prevent the tripping of all generator and incoming feeder breakers. The Definite Time curve was
selected for the bus tie overcurrent protection with a time delay of 0.3 seconds as summarised below.
 Phase TOC 1 Pickup 1 pu (2,500 A primary)
 Phase TOC 1 Curve Definite time
 Phase TOC 1 Time multiplier 3 (for DT curves TM=3 achieves t=0.3 sec)

This protection element should operate before the earth fault protection of the 11 kV earthing
transformers or the 11 kV feeder to GT-A so that one section of the Station 11 kV Switchboard
remains in service during a phase to earth fault not cleared by the primary protection. During an earth
fault on the 11 kV system, zero sequence currents will be supplied by the earthing transformers and
the GT-A generator. Therefore the earth fault settings of the bus tie breaker were selected to operate
before the earth fault protection of the above mentioned sources of zero sequence currents. The
 Neutral TOC 1 Time multiplier 5 (for DT curves TM=5 achieves t=0.5 sec)

The circuit breaker fail ( CBF ) element is initiated when a trip is issued by the GE SR750 relay
elements or by the Bus Zone 1 or Bus Zone 2 relays. The CBF element monitors the currents in each
phase and compares the current values with the CBF overcurrent setting. If the measured currents
exceed the pickup setting when the CBF timer has expired a CBF trip is issued.
The following settings are proposed for the CBF protection element.
 CBF Pickup 0.1 pu (250 A primary)
4.7.4 Synchrocheck
The synchrocheck protection element verifies that the bus voltages on each side of the bus tie breaker
are within set limits of magnitude, angle and frequency differences. The following settings are
 Max Volt diff 0.5 kV
 Dead Source DL x DB
4.8 11 kV Busbar protection

Each section of the Station 11 kV Switchboard is protected by a MFAC34 high impedance differential
relay. The existing voltage setting and shunt resistor ensure a primary operating current of 309 A
which is acceptable considering that the prospective minimum earth fault current is 756 A. The
existing settings of the MFAC34 relay are summarized below.
 Voltage setting Vs = 100 V
 Shunt Resistor 1,800 ohms
 Metrosil Resistor Standard
Appendix A
Relay logic diagrams
Aurecon Australasia Pty Ltd
ABN 54 005 139 873
Aurecon Building
Level 1, 62 Cavenagh Street
Darwin NT 0800
PO Box 919
Darwin NT 0801
Australia
T +61 8 8919 9777
F +61 8 8919 9750
E darwin@aurecongroup.com
W aurecongroup.com
Aurecon offices are located in:

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OSPS Protection Settings Report Rev 0

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Owen Springs Power Station 1 August 2014

Power and Water Corporation

T +61 8 8919 9777

A person using Aurecon documents or data accepts the risk of:

Report title Protection Settings Report

Document ID Project number 240115-001

File path C:\Users\thomasa02\AppData\Roaming\OpenText\OTEdit\EC_cs\c106472921\OSPS Protection

Client Power and Water Client contact

Rev Date Revision details/status Prepared by Author Verifier Approver

2.2 Model input and assumption

 No c factors are applied to results

 Kg factor applied to generator fault levels to account for loaded generators

 No fault contribution from 11kV or 22kV networks

 No fault contribution from Brewer Power Station

2.3 Fault Study Results

 Station transformer CB overcurrent protection 0.05 s

 Bus tie CB overcurrent protection 0.3 s

 Gen 1, Gen 2, Gen 3 and GT A CBs overcurrent protection 0.6 s

 66/11 kV transformers 11 kV CBs overcurrent protection 0.8 s

3.2 Earth fault

 Station transformer CB earth fault protection 0.1 s

 Bus tie CB earth fault protection 0.5 s

 GT A CB earth fault protection 1s

 Earthing transformers CBs earth fault protection 1.5 s

4.1.1 Generator differential

 Pickup 0.1 pu ( 80 A primary )

 Break Point 1 1 pu ( 800 A primary )

 Break Point 2 4 pu ( 3200 A primary )

4.1.2 Loss of excitation

 Center 1 42.41 ohms

 Radius 1 34.12 ohms

 Time Delay 1 0.1 sec

 Center 2 55.5 ohms

 Radius 2 47.22 ohms

 Time Delay 2 0.5 sec

 Dir Power 1 RCA 180°

 Dir Power 1 S min 0.05 pu ( 762 kVA primary )

 Dir Power 1 Delay 10 sec

 Dir Power 2 RCA 180°

 Dir Power 2 S min 0.03 pu ( 457 kVA primary )

 Dir Power 2 Delay 5 sec

4.1.4 Generator unbalance

where K is the negative sequence capability constant of the generator.

 Gen Unbal Inom 0.93 pu ( 744 A primary )

 Gen Unbal Stage 1 Pickup 8% ( 59.5 A primary )

 Gen Unbal Stage 1 K value 20

 Gen Unbal Stage 1 T min 5 sec

 Gen Unbal Stage 1 T max 1,000 sec

 Gen Unbal K reset 600 sec

 Gen Unbal Stage 2 Pickup 6% ( 44.6 A primary )

 Gen Unbal Stage 2 Delay 60 sec

 V/Hz 1 Pickup 1.05 pu

 V/Hz 1 Curve Inverse A

 V/Hz 1 Time multiplier 10

 V/Hz 2 Pickup 1.23 pu

 V/Hz 2 Curve Definite Time

 V/Hz 2 Time delay 2 sec

4.1.6 Accidental energisation

 OC Pickup 0.3 pu ( 240 A primary )

 UV Pickup 0.7 pu ( 7.7 kV primary )

 Max Volt diff 500 V

 Max Angle diff 20°

 Max Freq diff 0.1 Hz