Mitigation of hazards is an important goal hot gases.
This mixture forms a dense fluid that
Hazardous Volcanic Events
There are several kinds of events caused from
volcanic action that can be harmful to life and
property. These include lava flows, lahars, ash
falls, debris avalanches, and pyroclastic density
currents.
“List of Volcanic Hazards”
Lava Flows
 Volcanic Gases
 Pyroclastic Flows
 Tephra falls and Ballistic projectiles
 Lahars
 Volcanic Debris Avalanches
of the volcanological community, including the moves along the ground.
U.S. Geological Survey . Volcanologists
themselves require safety procedures for
conducting hazardous scientific studies on
volcanoes.
Many volcanoes around the world have
been targeted for hazards research and several
of the most notorious volcanoes have been
designated as Decade Volcanoes for Tephra falls and Bullistic projeclives
concentrated hazards research. Within striking tephra refers to volcanic rock and lava materials
range of 30,000,000 people around it, including that are ejected into the air by explosions or
Mexico City, Popocatepetl should be on the carried upward by eruption columns hot gases or
Decade Volcano list.
lava fountains.
LAVA FLOWS are stream-like flows of
incandescent molten rock erupted from a crater
 LAHARS Lahars are part of the family of
or fissure. debris flows that are fluids composed of mixtures
of water and particles of all sizes from clay-size
VOLCANIC GASES Magma is molten rock
to gigantic boulders.
containing dissolved gases that are released to
the atmosphere during an eruption and while the
VOLCANIC DEBRIS AVALANCHES are
landslides that occur in volcanic slopes. Debris
magma lies close to the surface from
hydrothermal systems. avalanches are faster and their deposites more
far-reaching. Debris fallling to the sea may
PYROCLASTIC FLOWS density currents are
generate tsunami.
rapidly moving mixtures of rock fragments and