19. The stray dog population in a town is growing exponentially with about 1896 more stray dogs each year. In 2008, there ae 16 stray dogs. 4) Find the projected population of stray dogs after five years. ) Whenis the first year that the numberof stray dogs is greater than 70? 20 Initially a water tank contains one thousand litres of water. At the time t minutes, a tap Is opened and water flows oult of the tank The volume, Vitres, which remains in the tank after t minutes is given by the follawing exponential function: vi) = 1000(0.925). a) Find the value of Vafter 10 minutes ') Find how lang, ta the nearest secand, it takes ‘or half ofthe intial amount of water to flow out ofthe tank The tank is considered empty’ when only 5% of the water remains. From when the taps first opened, how mary whole minutes have passed before the tank can first be considered empty? 21 The mass m kilograms ofa radioactive substance at time t days is given by a) What isthe initial mass? b) How long does it take forthe substance to decay to 0.5kg? Give the answer Indays accurate to 3 significant figures, In questions 22-32, solve for x in the logarithm’c equation. Give exact answers and bee sure to check for extraneous solutions. 22 log,(3x-4)=4 23 logtx —4)=2 24 Inx=—3) 26 log VEFT=1 28 log,{x? + 8) = log, x + 10936 28 logs6x — 8) + 109,x=2 30 log 7 ~log(sx +5) + loa — 3) 32 log x* = log 3) 1 Solve for xin each equation. 31 logs x + logs(x— 2)=1 8) log, 16 1) bogs 27 0) bogs = —2 4) loa + 2) + loge ~ 2) = log 5 2 Solve for ain each equation a) = 36 b) 5x3*= 18 get=ty a) 6 = 025"-! 3 Wit each expression asthe logarithm ofa single quantity a) log; x? — log; x + 2 log, 3 b) In3 + Sine — 4) — Inx 4 log, M = 5.42 and logy N? = 3.78, find the follwing wt a) logy b) bal) 5 Pablo invested 2000 euros at an annual rate of 6.75%, compounded annually, a) Find the value of Pablo's investment after four yeas. Give your answer ta the nearest euro 'b) How many years wilt take for Pablo's investment to double in value? ‘©) What should the intrest rate be if Pablo's intial investment were to double in value in 10 years?Exponential and Logarithmic Functions 6 Letlog? 1 1 1 4: 0 1 2 ; log Q= y and lag R = z P bse) tems y az $100 s deposited into a bank account that earns interest at an annua ate of 4% ‘compounded annually. After three years, the annual interest rate is increased to 7% for a further fur years 3) How much money sin he account after the seven years? 'b) Find what constant rate of annual interest compounded annually would have given ‘the same amount cf money in the seven years. Give your answer as a percentage to 1 decimal lace Express each ofthe following expressions as simply as possible a) log: 5 X logs 2 by) lone 8 ans ‘At the start of the year 2000 there were 500 elephants in a game reserve, After tyears, the number of elephants Eis given by 500(1.032)" a) Find the numberof elephants at the start of 2006 ') After how many full years will the number of elephants first become greater than 7507 The half-life of radioactive radium is 1620 years. What percentage of an inital amount of radioactive radium will remain after 100 years? ‘Acar, when purchased new, had an initial value of $25 000. After one year, the car had decreased in valve to $22 000, 1) After one year, what percentage of the inital value isthe new value of the car? ') If the car continues to decrease in value atthe same annual rat, what isthe cars value after six years? Give your answer tothe nearest dolla Ifthe car was purchased in 2002 in which years the car fist wort less than $8000? Consider the function x» a) Wte down the oman and range of 'b) Wite down the coordinates of any y.ntercept, and the equation of any asymptotes forthe oraph of 9 Find «d) Write don the domain and range of 1 ‘Apopulation ofa certain insect grows at arate of 6% per month. italy there are 500 insects 4) Find the size ofthe population ater four months. by Find the size ofthe population after siceen months Let the size ofthe population after tmonths be glen by the function f(9 = Ab! ‘Write down () the value Ay Gi) the value of 6 ‘An atteratve way of modeling the size ofthe insect population is given by the function g(f = 500" 44) By equating (0 and g(t, find the value of k Give your answer correct to 5 decimal plhces14 State the domain for each ofthe following two functions = bof. 2) fo = te) ‘b) g(x) = log x — loglx — 2) Solve each of the following equations. x yo _ © log) = -2 4d) log x — loglx — 2 15 An experiments designed to study a certain ype of bacteria. The number of bacteria after t minutes is given by an exponential function ofthe form AKt) = Ce! where (Cand kare constants, At the start ofthe experiment (when ¢ = 0) there are 5000 bacteria. After 22 minutes, the numberof bacteria has increased to 17 000, 2a) Find the exact value of Cand an approximate value of & (to 3 significant figures) ') How many bacteria des the exponential function predict there willbe afer one hour?