Technological Institute of the Philippines

DECANTER SPECIFICATION SHEET

Diameter 0.25 m

Height 0.5 m

Residence Time 19.27 s

Entrained Droplet Size 0.7 nm

Piping Arrangement

Flowrate 0.00107 m3/s

Area 0.00107 m2

Diameter 40 mm

Pipe inlet from the bottom 0.085 m

Mechanical Design

Working Pressure 120.27 kPa

Thickness 2 mm
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DECANTER
Description:

Decanters are used to separate liquids where there is a sufficient difference in density
between the liquids for the droplets to settle readily. Decanters are essentially tanks which give
sufficient residence time for the droplets of the dispersed phase to rise or settle to the interface
between the phases and coalesce. In an operating decanter there will be three distinct zones or
bands: clear heavy liquid; separating dispersed liquid; and clear light liquid.

Data and Assumptions:

1. Lighter fluid, flow rate 2800.779 kg/h, density 806.35 kg/m3, viscosity 3.25 x 10-4 Pa-s.

2. Heavy fluid, flow rate 624.9659 kg/h, density 943.84 kg/m3, viscosity 1.79 x 10-4 Pa-s

3. The heavy fluid is the dispersed phase.

4. Assume droplet diameter 150 𝜇𝑚

Design Requirements:

1. Height

2. Diameter

3. Residence Time

4. Settling Velocity

5. Pipe inlet

6. Thickness
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Design Calculations:

Take 𝒅𝒅 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒏𝒎

Settling Velocity

𝒅𝒅 𝒈(𝝆𝒅 − 𝝆𝒄 )
𝒖𝒅 =
𝟏𝟖𝝁𝒄

(𝟏 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟕 )𝟗. 𝟖𝟏(𝟗𝟒𝟑. 𝟖𝟒 − 𝟖𝟎𝟔. 𝟑𝟓) 𝒎 𝒎𝒎

𝒖𝒅 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟑𝟏 , 𝟐𝟑. 𝟏
𝟏𝟖𝒙𝟑. 𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒔 𝒔

Volumetric Flow rate

𝒎𝒄
𝑳𝒄 =
𝝆𝒄

𝒌𝒈
𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟗 𝟏 𝒉𝒓 𝒎𝟑
𝑳𝒄 = 𝒉𝒓 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏
𝒌𝒈 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒔 𝒔
𝟖𝟎𝟔. 𝟑𝟓 𝟑
𝒎

Area of the interface

𝑳𝒄
𝑨𝒊 =
𝒖𝒅

𝒎𝟑
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏 𝒔
𝟐
𝑨𝒊 = 𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟑𝟑 𝒎
𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟑𝟏 𝒔
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Diameter

𝑨𝒊
𝒓=√
𝝅

𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟑𝟑𝒎𝟐
𝒓=√ = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟒 𝒎
𝝅

𝑫𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟑𝟒𝟖 𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝒎

Height

H=2D

Take the height twice of the diameter

Height = 0.4696 m = 0.5 m

Height of Dispersion Band

Take the dispersion band as 20 per cent of the height = 0.2 m

Residence Time

𝒅𝒃 𝟎. 𝟐
𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 = = = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟐𝟕 𝒔 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒔
𝒖𝒅 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟑𝟏

𝒎𝒉𝒇
𝒗𝒉𝒇 =
𝝆𝒉𝒇 𝑨𝒊

𝒌𝒈
𝟔𝟐𝟒. 𝟗𝟔𝟓𝟗
𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒗𝒚 𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒊𝒅 = 𝒉𝒓 𝒙 𝟏 𝒉𝒓 𝒙 𝟏
𝒌𝒈 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒔 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟓𝒎𝟐
𝟗𝟒𝟑. 𝟖𝟒 𝟑
𝒎
𝒎
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟏
𝒔
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Entrained Droplet Size

𝟏𝟖𝒎𝒅 𝝁𝒅
𝒅𝒅 =
𝒈(𝝆𝒅 − 𝝆𝒄)

(𝟑. 𝟐𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒙 𝟏𝟖 𝒙 𝟏. 𝟕𝟗 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 )

𝒅𝒅 = = 𝟎. 𝟕𝒏𝒎
𝟗. 𝟖𝟏(𝟗𝟒𝟑. 𝟖𝟒 − 𝟖𝟎𝟔. 𝟑𝟓)

Piping arrangement

Flow rate

𝟐𝟑𝟐. 𝟐𝟓𝟗 𝟐𝟗𝟏𝟑. 𝟔𝟐𝟗 𝟏 𝒎𝟑

𝑸=( + )𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟔
𝟗𝟒𝟑. 𝟖𝟒 𝟖𝟎𝟔. 𝟑𝟓 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒔

Height of Heavy Fluid

𝟔𝟐𝟒. 𝟗𝟔𝟓𝟗 𝟏 −𝟒
𝒎𝟑
𝑸= 𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟒𝒙𝟏𝟎
𝟗𝟒𝟑. 𝟖𝟒 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒔
𝑽 = 𝑸 𝒙 𝒕𝒓

𝒎𝟑
𝑽 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟒𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒙 𝟐𝟎 𝒔
𝒔

𝑽 = 𝟑. 𝟔𝟖𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝒎𝟑

𝑽
𝑯𝒉𝒇 =
𝑨𝒊

𝟑. 𝟔𝟖𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝒎𝟑
𝑯𝒉𝒇 =
𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟓 𝒎𝟐
𝑯𝒉𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐 𝒎
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Area of pipe

To minimize the entrainment by the jet of liquid entering the vessel, the inlet
velocity for a decanter should keep below 1 m/s

𝒎𝟑
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟔 𝒔
𝑨𝒑 = 𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟔𝒎𝟐
𝟏
𝒔

𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟔
𝑹𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔 = √ = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟗 𝒎
𝝅

𝑫𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟖𝒎 ≈ 𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝒛𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝒙 𝟎. 𝟓𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟓 𝒎 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒍

Take the light liquid off-take as at 25 per cent of the vessel height, then

𝒛𝟏 = (𝟎. 𝟐𝟓)(𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎) = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎

𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟓 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟓
𝒛𝟐 = 𝒙𝟖𝟎𝟔. 𝟑𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟖 𝒎
𝟗𝟒𝟑. 𝟖𝟒
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Working Pressure
𝑷 = 𝑷 + 𝝆𝒈𝑯
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝑃 = 101325 𝑃𝑎 + (816.86 3 ) (9.81 2 ) (0.5 𝑚)
𝑚 𝑠
𝑷 = 𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟑𝟑𝟖. 𝟒𝟎 𝑷𝒂

Design Pressure

Computing for the design pressure, assuming maximum operating pressure= 10%
operating gage pressure (Pressure vessel of Chemical Process Equipment by Couper)

𝑃𝑑 = 1.1 (109338.40 𝑃𝑎)

𝑷𝒅 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟐. 𝟐𝟒 𝑷𝒂

Solving Shell Thickness

From Table 13.2 Typical Maximum Allowable Stresses for Plates under ASME BPV Code
Sec. VIII (R K Sinnott)
𝑁
Carbon Steel, 𝑆 = 88.9 𝑚𝑚2
Joint Factor, 𝐸 = 0.85

From Equation 13.39, (Chemical Engineering Design and Principles by Coulson and
Richardson)

𝑃𝐷𝑖
𝑒= +𝐶
𝑆𝐸 − (1 − 𝑦)𝑃𝑖

Where:
e = shell thickness
P = design pressure
Di =internal diameter
S = design stress
E = joint factor
y = 0.4 for seamless joint, 0.65 for welded joint
C = corrosion allowance = 0.0625 in (1.5875 mm)
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𝑁
(0.1203 ) (500 𝑚𝑚)
𝑒= 𝑚𝑚2 + 1 𝑚𝑚
𝑁 𝑁
(0.85)(88.9 2 ) − (1 − 0.4)(0.1203 )
𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚2
𝒆 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟎 𝒎𝒎 ≈ 𝟐𝒎𝒎

Outside Diameter
𝟐𝒆 = 𝑫𝒐 − 𝑫𝒊
𝐷𝑜 = 𝐷𝑖 + 2𝑒
𝐷𝑜 = 0.5 𝑚 + 2(0.002) 𝑚
𝑫𝒐 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎𝟒 𝒎