Ultrasound

-How does it work

Gerald R. Aben, MD FACR
Department of Radiology
College of Osteopathic Medicine

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 Ultrasound

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Diagnostic Ultrasound
• High frequency sound waves emitted from
sound source (transducer)
• Transducer placed on patient’s body
• Sound waves echo off interfaces of internal
structures and return to transducer
• Information is processed and displayed on a
monitor based on time and intensity of
returning echo
• Special terms used on ultrasound reports
• Echogenic, Hyperechoic, Hypoechoic,
Anechoic

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 Ultrasound Principles

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 Ultrasound Principles

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 Ultrasound Principles

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 Ultrasound Abdomen

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Diagnostic Ultrasound
• Interfaces are the signal source
• Major applications:
• Gall bladder evaluation
• Fluid collections
• Differentiation of cysts from solid
• Fetal evaluation
• Solid organ evaluation, heart, liver pancreas,
kidney
• Doppler ultrasound particularly useful for
vascular flow

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 Ultrasound Machine

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 Ultrasound Machine in use

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 US 1st Trimester Fetus

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Cystic Hygroma

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 Brain Parenchymal Hemorrhage

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 Normal Liver US

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 Normal Liver – Common Duct

Common Duct

Portal Vein

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 Normal Gallbladder Ultrasound

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 Gall Bladder US
Gallstones

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 Gallstones
• Ultrasound upper
abdomen
• Longitudinal scan
• Round echogenic
structures in
gallbladder =
stones (arrows)
• Acoustic
shadowing (lines)
• Bile is dark
(anechoic)
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 Normal Renal US
Normal Right
Kidney

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 Normal Renal US

Normal Right
Kidney

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 Renal Cyst

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 Endovaginal Imaging

Uterus
outlined

vessels

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 Pelvic Ultrasound IUD

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 Pelvic Ultrasound

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 The Older Patient

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Appendicitis

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Mucoceole Appendix

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Testicular Torsion/ Infarction

Bright
echo
related to
infarction

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