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The Comparison of Three Isomer of Butanol 1

The Comparison of Three Isomers of Butanol

Angelica Yalung

Mr.Kolesnik

SCH4U1

Notre Dame Secondary Catholic High School


The Comparison of Three Isomer of Butanol 2

Abstract

An Alcohol’s reactivity is determined on the attachment of the hydroxyl functional group. The

hydroxyl functional group will impact its molecular structure of the alcohol. Thus, having three

kinds of alcohol; primary, secondary, and tertiary. Note that the Oh is bonded to only one other

carbon this would be primary alcohol. If bonded by two carbons would be called second and

lastly, when there is a 3-bonded carbon it would be called tertiary alcohol. Meaning the

placement of the hydroxyl functional group in each degree of alcohol, the reactivity of each

should be impacted. Thus, the purpose of this lab is to be able to distinguish the verify the idea of

how organic molecular structure affects the properties of the molecular structure affects the

properties of the molecule. If the primary alcohol and secondary alcohol would go oxidizing

leaving the results in the aldehyde (butanol) but for the secondary alcohol it would end in

Butanone. However, tertiary alcohol would be lacking in hydrogen atoms to produce water,

meaning there would be barely showing no reaction such as diluting.

Keywords: Primary alcohol, Secondary Alcohol, Tertiary Alcohol, Isomers, Butanol’s

Materials:

 Test tubes

 Droppers

 Test tube rack

 Benedict’s solution

 KM2O4

 1,2,3 Alcohol
The Comparison of Three Isomer of Butanol 3

Procedures:

Note: All three procedures have the same step 1 which would be labeled; 2A,2B,2C.

ABC1: Within the beginning of each procedure there at least needs to be 3 test tubes. In

each test tube. 20 drops of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol were placed in separate test

tubes and labelled which was then placed on the rack

Tip: Make sure test tube is clean and DRY.

2A) since hydrochloric acid has a very strong fume. Putting drops into the test tubes

containing the alcohol was done within the fume hood. In each test tube 10 drop of hydrochloric

acid was placed.

3A) Once completed, observation of cloudiness was recorded.

2B) 30 drops of KM2O4 was placed into the test tubes. Then the mixture was gently

shaken which eventually was left on standby to record any observation of any color change.

2C) With precaution being taken place 10 drops of hydrogen peroxide, observe and

record any sudden chemical reaction

3C) Then add 3 drops of benedicts solution containing the hydrogen peroxide. The

Alcohols were place into a hot water bath for 10 minutes. Thus, resulting to record any new

observations of chemical change.

Observations

Alcohol Reaction with Reaction with Reaction with Reaction with


Hydrochloric KMnO4 Hydrogen Biuret’s
Acid (Observation of Peroxide Reagent Test
(Observation of change of color) (Observation of
cloudiness) color)
Primary Original Color: Original Color: Original Color: Original Color
Clear Clear Clear w/hydrogen
After Results: After Results: After Results: peroxide:
The Comparison of Three Isomer of Butanol 4

Still remain with The chemical Clear Lime color is


separation. reaction became translucent.
a cherry red Reaction with
color and opaque heat:
When Shaken: (5 Mins)- The
There were solution was
small chunks brown and
within the bubbling slowly
solution turning teal.
After Results:
There was
dilution due to
the thick gel like
layer on top of
the solution
Secondary Original Color: Original Color: Original Color: Original Color
Clear. Clear, No color Clear w/hydrogen
After Results: After Results: After Results: peroxide:
Solution became The Chemical Clear Green color
translucent with reaction was Reaction with
bit of cloudiness dark crimson red heat:
and appeared (5 Mins)- The
very opaque. solution was
When Shaken: brown and
The solution bubbling as it is
appeared the diluting slowly
have a creamy- with the change
like viscosity. of color to teal
After Results:
Dilution was
completed.
Tertiary Original Color: Original Color: Original Color: Original Color
Clear Clear, No Color Clear w/hydrogen
After Results: After Results: After Results: peroxide:
Opaquer The chemical Clear Forest
reaction of this green/brown
solution was a Reaction with
dark magenta heat:
which appeared (5 Mins)- The
Opaque. solution was
brown and
When Shaken: bubbling
The viscosity After Results:
was less dense. Dilution was not
completed.
The Comparison of Three Isomer of Butanol 5

Conclusion:

Therefore, on 1-butanol’s potential to oxidate were correct. The solution chemical reaction

showed that the presence of an oxidation reaction. The primary alcohol when reacted with

Hydrochloric acid did not appear to undergo a halogenation reaction, meaning the hypothesis

was not correct in that area. 2-butanol behaved as predicted, showing signs of both reactions,

However, the halogenation reaction did not rival that of secondary alcohol, the cloudiness of

which clearly indicated halogenation. The hypothesis was proven wrong regarding the secondary

alcohol Halogenation ability but correct in stating that secondary alcohol would not undergo the

oxidation reaction.

Discussion:

(e) The results of this lab are in terms of the intermolecular forces for the first procedure where

the alkyl halide and water (which are products of halogenation) do not have the same

intermolecular forces. This is the reason why they will not completely dissolve leave the solution

cloudy.

(f)/ (g) on line paper

Resources:

https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Comparison-of-Three-Isomers-of-Butanol-PKXDCFCVJ

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