Solutions for Math 311 Assignment #8

(1) Let C be the boundary of the triangle with vertices at the points
0, 3i and −4 oriented counterclockwise. Compute the contour
integral Z
(ez − z)dz.
C
R
Solution. By Cauchy Integral Theorem, C ez dz = 0 since C
is closed and ez is entire. Therefore,
Z Z Z Z Z
z
(e − z)dz = − zdz = − zdz − zdz − zdz
C C p1 p2 p2 p3 p3 p1
Z 1 Z 1
=− (−3it)d(3it) − (−3i(1 − t) − 4t)d(3i(1 − t) − 4t)
0 0
Z 1
− (−4)(1 − t)d((−4)(1 − t))
0
9 7
= − − − 12i + 8 = −12i
2 2
where p1 = 0, p2 = 3i and p3 = −4.

(2) Compute
Z 1
z i dz
−1
where the integrand denote the principal branch
z i = exp(i Log z)
of z i and where the path of integration is any continuous curve
from z = −1 to z = 1 that, except for its starting and ending
points, lies below the real axis.
Solution. Note that z i+1 /(i + 1) is an anti-derivative of z i
outside the branch locus (−∞, 0]. So
Z 1
z i+1  z i+1

i
z dz = − lim
−1 i + 1 1 Im(z)<0
z→−1 i + 1

1 exp((i + 1)(−πi))
= −
i+1 i+1
1 + eπ 1 + eπ
= = (1 − i)
i+1 2

1
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(3) Apply Cauchy Integral Theorem to show that

Z
f (z)dz = 0
C
when C is the unit circle |z| = 1, in either direction, and when
z3
(a) f (z) = 2 ;
z + 5z + 6
tan z
(b) f (z) = e ;
(c) f (z) = Log(z + 3i).
R
Solution. By Cauchy Integral Theorem, |z|=1 f (z)dz = 0 if
f (z) is analytic on and inside the circle |z| = 1. Hence it is
enough to show that f (z) is analytic in {|z| ≤ 1}.
(a) f (z) is analytic in {z 6= −2, −3} and hence analytic in
{|z| ≤ 1}.
(b) f (z) is analytic in {z : cos z = 0} = {z = nπ +π/2, n ∈ Z}.
Since |nπ + π/2| > 1 for all integers n, f (z) is analytic in
{|z| ≤ 1}.
(c) Log(z) is analytic in C\(−∞, 0] and hence Log(z + 3i) is
analytic in C\{z : z = x−3i, x ∈ (−∞, 0]}. Since |x−3i| >
1 for all x real, f (z) is analytic in {|z| ≤ 1}.

(4) Let C1 denote the positively oriented boundary of the curve

given by |x| + |y| = 2 and C2 be the positively oriented circle
|z| = 4. Apply Cauchy Integral Theorem to show that
Z Z
f (z)dz = f (z)dz
C1 C2

when
z+1
(a) f (z) = 2 ;
z +1
z+2
(b) f (z) = ;
sin(z/2)
sin(z)
(c) f (z) = 2 .
z + 6z + 5
R R
Solution. By Cauchy Integral Theorem, C1 f (z)dz = C2 f (z)dz
if f (z) is analytic on and between C1 and C2 . Hence it is enough
to show that f (z) is analytic in {|x| + |y| ≥ 2, |z| ≤ 4}.
(a) f (z) is analytic in {z 6= ±i}. Since ±i ∈ {|x| + |y| < 2},
f (z) is analytic in {|x| + |y| ≥ 2, |z| ≤ 4}.
(b) f (z) is analytic in {z : sin(z/2) 6= 0} = {z 6= 2nπ : n ∈ Z}.
Since 2nπ ∈ {|x| + |y| < 2} for n = 0 and |2nπ| > 4 for
n 6= 0 and n ∈ Z, f (z) is analytic in {|x|+|y| ≥ 2, |z| ≤ 4}.
 3

(c) f (z) is analytic in {z 6= −1, −5}. Since −1 ∈ {|x|+|y| < 2}

for n = 0 and | − 5| > 4, f (z) is analytic in {|x| + |y| ≥
2, |z| ≤ 4}.

(5) Let C denote the positively oriented boundary of the square

whose sides lie along the lines x = ±2 and y = ±2. Evaluate
each Zof these integrals
zdz
(a) ;
ZC z + 1
cosh z
(b) 2+z
dz;
Z C z
tan(z/2)
(c) dz.
C z − π/2
Solution.
(a) By CIF,
Z
zdz
= 2πi(−1) = −2πi.
C z+1
(b) By CIT,
Z Z Z
cosh z cosh z cosh z
2
dz = 2
dz + 2
dz
C z +z |z|=r z + z |z+1|=r z + z

for r = 1/2. By CIF,

Z 
cosh z cosh(z) 
2
dz = 2πi = 2πi
|z|=r z + z z + 1 z=0
and
Z 
cosh z cosh z 
dz = 2πi = −2πi cosh(−1).
|z+1|=r z2 + z z z=−1
Hence
Z
cosh z
dz = 2πi(1 − cosh(−1)).
C z2 + z
(c) Note that tan(z/2) is analytic in {z 6= (2n + 1)π : n ∈ Z}
and hence analytic inside C. Therefore,
Z
tan(z/2)
dz = 2πi tan(π/4) = 2πi
C z − π/2
by CIF.

(6) Find the value of the integral g(z) around the circle |z − i| = 2
oriented counterclockwise when
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1
(a) g(z) = ;
z2 + 4
1
(b) g(z) = 2
.
z(z + 4)
Solution.
(a) Since −2i 6∈ {|z − i| ≤ 2} and 2i ∈ {|z − i| ≤ 2},
(z + 2i)−1
Z Z
π
g(z)dz = dz = 2πi(2i + 2i)−1 =
|z−i|=2 |z−i|=2 z − 2i 2
by CIF.
(b) By CIT,
Z Z Z
g(z)dz = g(z)dz + g(z)dz
|z−i|=2 |z|=r |z−2i|=r

for r < 1/2. Since

Z 
1  πi
g(z)dz = 2πi =
|z|=r z 2 + 4 z=0
 2
and 
Z
1  πi
g(z)dz = 2πi  =−
|z−2i|=r z(z + 2i) z=2i
 4
by CIF, Z
πi
g(z)dz =
|z−i|=2 4