Immunization coverage

Fact sheet
Updated July 2017

Key facts

 Immunization prevents illness, disability and death from vaccine-preventable diseases

including cervical cancer, diphtheria, hepatitis B, measles, mumps, pertussis
(whooping cough), pneumonia, polio, rotavirus diarrhoea, rubella and tetanus.
 Global vaccination coverage has stalled at 86%, with no significant changes during
the past year.
 Uptake of new and underused vaccines is increasing.
 Immunization currently averts an estimated 2 to 3 million deaths every year. An
additional 1.5 million deaths could be avoided, however, if global vaccination
coverage improves.
 An estimated 19.5 million infants worldwide are still missing out on basic vaccines.

Overview

Immunization averts an estimated 2 to 3 million deaths every year from diphtheria, tetanus,
pertussis (whooping cough), and measles; however, an additional 1.5 million deaths could be
avoided if global vaccination coverage improves. Global vaccination coverage – the
proportion of the world’s children who receive recommended vaccines – has stalled over the
past few years.

During 2016, about 86% of infants worldwide (116.5 million infants) received 3 doses of
diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) vaccine, protecting them against infectious diseases that
can cause serious illness and disability or be fatal. By 2016, 130 countries had reached at
least 90% coverage of DTP3 vaccine.

Global immunization coverage 2016

A summary of global vaccination coverage in 2016 follows.

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) causes meningitis and pneumonia. Hib vaccine had
been introduced in 191 countries by the end of 2016. Global coverage with 3 doses of Hib
vaccine is estimated at 70%. There is great variation between regions. In the WHO Region of
the Americas, coverage is estimated at 90%, while it is only 28% in the WHO Western
Pacific Region. The WHO South-East Asia Region raised coverage from 56% in 2015 to
80% in 2016.

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver. Hepatitis B vaccine for infants had been
introduced nationwide in 186 countries by the end of 2016. Global coverage with 3 doses of
hepatitis B vaccine is estimated at 84% and is as high as 92% in the Western Pacific. In
addition, 101 countries introduced one dose of hepatitis B vaccine to newborns within the
first 24 hours of life, and the global coverage is 39%.

Human papillomavirus is the most common viral infection of the reproductive tract, and can
cause cervical cancer, other types of cancer, and genital warts in both men and women.
Human papillomavirus vaccine was introduced in 74 countries by the end of 2016, including
four countries with introduction in some parts of the country.

Measles is a highly contagious disease caused by a virus, which usually results in a high
fever and rash, and can lead to blindness, encephalitis or death. By the end of 2016, 85% of
children had received one dose of measles vaccine by their second birthday, and 164
countries had included a second dose as part of routine immunization and 64% of children
received two doses of measles vaccine according to national immunization schedules.

Meningitis A is an infection that can cause severe brain damage and is often deadly. By the
end of 2016 – 6 years after its introduction – more than 260 million people in African
countries affected by the disease had been vaccinated with MenAfriVac, a vaccine developed
by WHO and PATH. Ghana and Sudan were the first two countries to include the
MenAfriVac in their routine immunization schedule in 2016.

Mumps is a highly contagious virus that causes painful swelling at the side of the face under
the ears (the parotid glands), fever, headache and muscle aches. It can lead to viral
meningitis. Mumps vaccine had been introduced nationwide in 121 countries by the end of
2016.

Pneumococcal diseases include pneumonia, meningitis and febrile bacteraemia, as well as

otitis media, sinusitis and bronchitis. Pneumococcal vaccine had been introduced in 134
countries by the end of 2016, including three in some parts of the country, and global
coverage was estimated at 42%.

Polio is a highly infectious viral disease that can cause irreversible paralysis. In 2016, 85% of
infants around the world received three doses of polio vaccine. Targeted for global
eradication, polio has been stopped in all countries except for Afghanistan, Pakistan and
Nigeria. Polio-free countries have been infected by imported virus, and all countries –
especially those experiencing conflict and instability – remain at risk until polio is fully
eradicated.

Rotaviruses are the most common cause of severe diarrhoeal disease in young children
throughout the world. Rotavirus vaccine was introduced in 90 countries by the end of 2016,
including six in some parts of the country, and global coverage was estimated at 25%.

Rubella is a viral disease which is usually mild in children, but infection during early
pregnancy may cause fetal death or congenital rubella syndrome, which can lead to defects of
the brain, heart, eyes, and ears. Rubella vaccine was introduced nationwide in 152 countries
by the end of 2016, and global coverage was estimated at 47%.

Tetanus is caused by a bacterium which grows in the absence of oxygen, for example in dirty
wounds or in the umbilical cord if it is not kept clean. The spores of C. tetani are present in
the environment irrespective of geographical location. It produces a toxin which can cause
serious complications or death. The vaccine to prevent maternal and neonatal tetanus had
been introduced in 106 countries by the end of 2016. An estimated 84% of newborns were
protected through immunization. Maternal and neonatal tetanus persist as public health
problems in 18 countries, mainly in Africa and Asia.

Yellow fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes. As

of 2016, yellow fever vaccine had been introduced in routine infant immunization
programmes in 35 of the 42 countries and territories at risk for yellow fever in Africa and the
Americas. In these 42 countries and territories, coverage is estimated at 45%.

Key challenges

In 2016, an estimated 19.5 million infants worldwide were not reached with routine
immunization services such as DTP3 vaccine. Around 60% of these children live in 10
countries: Angola, Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia,
Iraq, Nigeria, Pakistan and South Africa.

Monitoring data at subnational levels is critical to helping countries prioritize and tailor
vaccination strategies and operational plans to address immunization gaps and reach every
person with lifesaving vaccines.

WHO response

WHO is working with countries and partners to improve global vaccination coverage,
including through these initiatives adopted by the World Health Assembly in May 2012.

The Global Vaccine Action Plan

The Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) is a roadmap to prevent millions of deaths through
more equitable access to vaccines by 2020. To date, progress towards the GVAP targets is off
track.

In May 2017, Ministers of Health from 194 countries endorsed a new resolution on
strengthening immunization to achieve the goals of the GVAP. The resolution urges countries
to strengthen the governance and leadership of national immunization programmes, and
improve monitoring and surveillance systems to ensure up-to-date data guides policy and
programmatic decisions to optimize performance and impact. It also calls on countries to
expand immunization services beyond infancy, mobilize domestic financing, and strengthen
international cooperation to achieve GVAP goals.

It requests the WHO Secretariat to continue supporting countries to achieve regional and
global vaccination goals. It recommends scaling up advocacy efforts to improve
understanding of the value of vaccines and urgency of meeting the GVAP goals. The
Secretariat will report back to the Health Assembly in 2018, 2020 and 2022 on the
achievements against the GVAP goals and targets.

World Immunization Week

The last week of April each year is marked by WHO and partners as World Immunization
Week. It aims to promote the use of vaccines to protect people of all ages against disease.
Immunization saves millions of lives and is widely recognized as one of the world’s most
successful and cost-effective health interventions.

The main goal of the 2017 campaign with the theme #VaccinesWork is to raise awareness
about the critical importance of full immunization throughout life, and its role in achieving
the Sustainable Development Goals.

As part of the campaign, WHO and partners aim to:

 Highlight the importance of immunization as a top global health investment priority.

 Promote understanding of the action steps required to achieve the GVAP.
 Showcase immunization’s role in sustainable development and global health security.

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h can lead to defects of the brain, heart, eyes, and ears. Rubella vaccine was introduced
nationwide in 152 countries by the end of 2016, and global coverage was estimated at 47%.
Tetanus is caused by a bacterium which grows in the absence of oxygen, for example in dirty
wounds or in the umbilical cord if it is not kept clean. The spores of C. tetani are present in
the environment irrespective of geographical location. It produces a toxin which can cause
serious complications or death. The vaccine to prevent maternal and neonatal tetanus had
been introduced in 106 countries by the end of 2016. An estimated 84% of newborns were
protected through immunization. Maternal and neonatal tetanus persist as public health
problems in 18 countries, mainly in Africa and Asia. Yellow fever is an acute viral
haemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes. As of 2016, yellow fever vaccine
had been introduced in routine infant immunization programmes in 35 of the 42 countries and
territories at risk for yellow fever in Africa and the Americas. In these 42 countries and
territories, coverage is estimated at 45%. Key challenges In 2016, an estimated 19.5 million
infants worldwide were not reached with routine immunization services such as DTP3
vaccine. Around 60% of these children live in 10 countries: Angola, Brazil, the Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Nigeria, Pakistan and South Africa.
Monitoring data at subnational levels is critical to helping countries prioritize and tailor
vaccination strategies and operational plans to address immunization gaps and reach every
person with lifesaving vaccines. WHO response WHO is working with countries and partners
to improve global vaccination coverage, including through these initiatives adopted by the
World Health Assembly in May 2012. The Global Vaccine Action Plan The Global Vaccine
Action Plan (GVAP) is a roadmap to prevent millions of deaths through more equitable
access to vaccines by 2020. To date, progress towards the GVAP targets is off track. In May
2017, Ministers of Health from 194 countries endorsed a new resolution on strengthening
immunization to achieve the goals of the GVAP. The resolution urges countries to strengthen
the governance and leadership of national immunization programmes, and improve
monitoring and surveillance systems to ensure up-to-date data guides policy and
programmatic decisions to optimize performance and impact. It also calls on countries to
expand immunization services beyond infancy, mobilize domestic financing, and strengthen
international cooperation to achieve GVAP goals. It requests the WHO Secretariat to
continue supporting countries to achieve regional and global vaccination goals. It
recommends scaling up advocacy efforts to improve understanding of the value of vaccines
and urgency of meeting the GVAP goals. The Secretariat will report back to the Health
Assembly in 2018, 2020 and 2022 on the achievements against the GVAP goals and targets.
World Immunization Week The last week of April each year is marked by WHO and partners
as World Immunization Week. It aims to promote the use of vaccines to protect people of all
ages against disease. Immunization saves millions of lives and is widely recognized as one of
the world’s most successful and cost-effective health interventions. The main goal of the
2017 campaign with the theme #VaccinesWork is to raise awareness about the critical
importance of full immunization throughout life, and its role in achieving the Sustainable
Development Goals. As part of the campaign, WHO and partners aim to: • Highlight the
importance of immunization as a top global health investment priority. • Promote
understanding of the action steps required to achieve the GVAP. • Showcase immunization’s
role in sustainable development and global health security.
Fakta-fakta kunci
• Imunisasi mencegah penyakit, cacat dan kematian akibat penyakit yang dapat dicegah
dengan vaksin, termasuk kanker serviks, difteri, hepatitis B, campak, gondok, pertusis (batuk
rejan), pneumonia, polio, diare rotavirus, rubella dan tetanus.
• Cakupan vaksinasi global telah terhenti pada 86%, tanpa perubahan signifikan selama tahun
lalu.
• Penggunaan vaksin baru dan kurang dimanfaatkan meningkat.
• Imunisasi saat ini mencegah sekitar 2 sampai 3 juta kematian setiap tahun. Tambahan 1,5
juta kematian dapat dihindari, namun, jika cakupan vaksinasi global meningkat.
• Diperkirakan 19,5 juta bayi di seluruh dunia masih kehilangan vaksin dasar.
________________________________________
Ikhtisar
Imunisasi mencegah sekitar 2 sampai 3 juta kematian setiap tahun dari difteri, tetanus,
pertusis (batuk rejan), dan campak; Namun, tambahan 1,5 juta kematian dapat dihindari jika
cakupan vaksinasi global membaik. Cakupan vaksinasi global - proporsi anak-anak di dunia
yang menerima vaksin yang direkomendasikan - telah terhenti selama beberapa tahun
terakhir.
Selama tahun 2016, sekitar 86% bayi di seluruh dunia (116,5 juta bayi) menerima 3 dosis
vaksin difteri-tetanus-pertusis (DTP3), melindungi mereka dari penyakit menular yang dapat
menyebabkan penyakit serius dan kecacatan atau berakibat fatal. Pada 2016, 130 negara telah
mencapai setidaknya 90% cakupan vaksin DTP3.
Cakupan imunisasi global 2016
Ringkasan cakupan vaksinasi global pada tahun 2016 berikut.
Haemophilus influenzae tipe b (Hib) menyebabkan meningitis dan pneumonia. Vaksin Hib
telah diperkenalkan di 191 negara pada akhir tahun 2016. Cakupan global dengan 3 dosis
vaksin Hib diperkirakan mencapai 70%. Ada banyak variasi antar daerah. Di Wilayah WHO
di Amerika, cakupan diperkirakan mencapai 90%, sementara hanya 28% di Wilayah Pasifik
Barat WHO. Wilayah Asia Tenggara WHO meningkatkan cakupan dari 56% pada tahun
2015 menjadi 80% pada tahun 2016.
Hepatitis B adalah infeksi virus yang menyerang hati. Vaksin hepatitis B untuk bayi telah
diperkenalkan secara nasional di 186 negara pada akhir tahun 2016. Cakupan global dengan 3
dosis vaksin hepatitis B diperkirakan mencapai 84% dan mencapai 92% di Pasifik Barat.
Selain itu, 101 negara memperkenalkan satu dosis vaksin hepatitis B kepada bayi yang baru
lahir dalam 24 jam pertama kehidupan, dan cakupan global adalah 39%.
Human papillomavirus adalah infeksi virus yang paling umum pada saluran reproduksi, dan
dapat menyebabkan kanker serviks, jenis kanker lainnya, dan kutil kelamin pada pria dan
wanita. Vaksin human papillomavirus diperkenalkan di 74 negara pada akhir 2016, termasuk
empat negara dengan pengantar di beberapa bagian negara ini.
Campak adalah penyakit yang sangat menular yang disebabkan oleh virus, yang biasanya
berakibat pada demam tinggi dan ruam, dan bisa menyebabkan kebutaan, ensefalitis atau
kematian. Pada akhir 2016, 85% anak-anak telah menerima satu dosis vaksin campak pada
hari ulang tahun kedua mereka, dan 164 negara memasukkan dosis kedua sebagai bagian dari
imunisasi rutin dan 64% anak-anak menerima dua dosis vaksin campak sesuai dengan
imunisasi nasional. jadwal.
Meningitis A adalah infeksi yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan otak yang parah dan sering
mematikan. Pada akhir 2016 - 6 tahun setelah diperkenalkan - lebih dari 260 juta orang di
negara-negara Afrika yang terkena dampak penyakit telah divaksinasi dengan MenAfriVac,
vaksin yang dikembangkan oleh WHO dan PATH. Ghana dan Sudan adalah dua negara
pertama yang memasukkan MenAfriVac dalam jadwal imunisasi rutin mereka pada tahun
2016.
Gondong adalah virus yang sangat menular yang menyebabkan pembengkakan yang
menyakitkan di sisi wajah di bawah telinga (kelenjar parotid), demam, sakit kepala dan nyeri
otot. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan meningitis virus. Vaksin gondongan telah diperkenalkan
secara nasional di 121 negara pada akhir 2016.
Penyakit pneumokokus meliputi pneumonia, meningitis dan bakteremia demam, serta otitis
media, sinusitis dan bronkitis. Vaksin pneumokokus telah diperkenalkan di 134 negara pada
akhir 2016, termasuk tiga di beberapa bagian negara, dan cakupan global diperkirakan 42%.
Polio adalah penyakit virus yang sangat menular yang dapat menyebabkan kelumpuhan
ireversibel. Pada 2016, 85% bayi di seluruh dunia menerima tiga dosis vaksin polio.
Ditargetkan untuk pemberantasan global, polio telah dihentikan di semua negara kecuali
Afghanistan, Pakistan dan Nigeria. Negara-negara bebas polio telah terinfeksi oleh virus yang
diimpor, dan semua negara - terutama yang mengalami konflik dan ketidakstabilan - tetap
berisiko sampai polio benar-benar diberantas.
Rotavirus adalah penyebab paling umum penyakit diare berat pada anak kecil di seluruh
dunia. Vaksin rotavirus diperkenalkan di 90 negara pada akhir tahun 2016, termasuk enam di
beberapa bagian negara, dan cakupan global diperkirakan mencapai 25%.
Rubella adalah penyakit virus yang biasanya ringan pada anak-anak, namun infeksi pada
awal kehamilan dapat menyebabkan kematian janin atau sindrom rubella bawaan, yang mana
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