5.3.1.

1 Pembebanan pada Abutment

1. Gaya akibat berat sendiri abutment.
2. Beban mati dan beban hidup.
3. Gaya akibat berat tanah vertikal.
4. Gaya horisontal akibat rem dan traksi.
5. Gaya akibat tekanan tanah aktif.
6. Gaya geser tumpuan dengan rangka baja.
7. Gaya akibat gempa.

Beban Vertikal
A. Gaya akibat berat sendiri abutment
i Ai (m ) Xi (m) Yi (m) AiXi (m3)AiYi (m3)
2

1 0.015 -1 8.22 -0.015 0.1233

2 0.075 -0.95 8.375 -0.07125 0.628125
3 0.1225 -1.275 8.325 -0.15619 1.019813
4 0.4225 -1.425 7.825 -0.60206 3.306063
5 3 -0.25 7 -0.75 21
6 0.25 -1.0833 6.3333 -0.27083 1.583325
7 0.125 0.917 6.3333 0.114625 0.791663
8 7.5 0 4 0 30
9 0.375 -1.25 1.667 -0.46875 0.625125
10 0.5 1.4167 1.667 0.70835 0.8335
11 7.5 0.25 0.75 1.875 5.625
19.885 0.3639 65.53591

0.0183 m 1.830023
�=(𝐴𝑖 . �𝑖)/(𝐴𝑖)

3.295746 m 329.5746
�=(𝐴𝑖 . �𝑖)/(𝐴𝑖)
 BAB IV
BANGUNAN BAWAH JEMBATAN
Perhitungan Abutment
Data Teknis Jembatan
Type Jembatan beton bertulang
Lebar Jembatan = 14 m
Panjang Jembatan = 15 m
Jumlah Gelagar utama = 7
Jarak antar gelagar = 2 m
Tinggi Jembatan = 8.5 m

Spesifikasi Konstruksi
Tebal perkerasan = 8 cm
Tebal Slab beton = 30 cm
Air hujan = 5 cm
pipa sandaran = 76.3 mm
Tiang sandaran =

berat Jenis
Perkerasan Aspal = 2.2 t/m3
Slab beton = 2.5 t/m3
Air hujan = 1 t/m3
Pipa sandaran = 7.25 t/m3

Data jenis dan kualitas beton

Mutu beton = 25 Mpa
Mutu baja tulangan = 210 Mpa (polos)
340 Mpa (Ulir)
Gelagar Utama = Beton bertulang
4.1 Perencanaan Abutment

a. Analisa tampang abutment dan tekanan tanah

1. Tampang badan abutment
i Ai (m2) Xi (m) Yi (m) AiXi (m3) AiYi (m3)
1 0.0175 -0.7333 10.71667 -0.0128328 0.187542
2 0.0875 -0.675 10.875 -0.0590625 0.951563
3 0.1225 -1.025 10.825 -0.1255625 1.326063
4 0.4225 -1.175 10.325 -0.4964375 4.362313
5 3 0 9.5 0 28.5
6 0.125 -1.1667 8.833 -0.1458375 1.104125
7 0.125 1.17 8.833 0.14625 1.104125
8 17 0 4.75 0 80.75
9 0.25 -1.33 0.667 -0.3325 0.16675
10 0.5 1.667 0.667 0.8335 0.3335
11 7.5 0.5 0.25 3.75 1.875
29.15 3.55751725 120.661

�=(𝐴𝑖 . �𝑖)/(𝐴𝑖) = 0.1220417581 m

�=(𝐴𝑖 . �𝑖)/(𝐴𝑖)
 �=(𝐴𝑖 . �𝑖)/(𝐴𝑖) = 4.139313181 m

2. Tanah disamping abutmen

i Ai (m2) Xi (m) Yi (m) AiXi (m3) AiYi (m3)
A 1.075 -1.75 9.575 -1.88125 10.29313
B 0.125 -1.333 8.667 -0.166625 1.083375
C 7.5 -1.5 4.75 -11.25 35.625
D 0.25 -1.667 0.667 -0.41675 0.16675
8.95 -13.714625 47.16825

�=(𝐴𝑖 . �𝑖)/(𝐴𝑖) = -1.5323603352

�=(𝐴𝑖 . �𝑖)/(𝐴𝑖)
= 5.2701955307

3. Tanah didepan abutmen

i Ai (m2) Xi (m) Yi (m) AiXi (m3) AiYi (m3)
F 4 2 2 8 8
G 0.5 2.33 0.833 1.165 0.4165
4.5 9.165 8.4165

�=(𝐴𝑖 . �𝑖)/(𝐴𝑖) = 2.0366666667

�=(𝐴𝑖 . �𝑖)/(𝐴𝑖) = 1.8703333333

b. Pembebanan Abutment
1. Beban mati
Bangunan atas
Lantai Kendaraan = 0.3 x 14 x 17.5 x 2.5 = 157.5
Air hujan (5cm) = 0.05 x 14 x 17.5 x 1.0 = 10.5
Aspal (8 cm) = 0.08 x 14 x 17.5 x 2.2 = 36.96
Trotoar = 0.3 x 1 x 17.5 x 2.5 = 11.25
Pipa sandaran = 0.00577 x 17.5 x 4 = 0.3462
Tiang sandaran = 0.2 x 0.1 x 1.1 x 10 x 2.5 = 0.55
Gelagar Utama = 7 x 0.6 x 1 x 17.5 x 2.5 = 157.5
Beban tak terduga = = 5
Ptotal = 379.6062

�_𝑣𝑏=𝑃_𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙/2 = 189.8031 t

Bangunan Abutmen
berat abutmen = 29.15 x 14 x 2.5 = 1020.25
 �_𝑉𝑎=𝑃_𝐴/2
= 510.13 ton

Berat Tanah
Tanah disamping abutmen = 8.95 x 14 x 1.7008 = 213.11024 ton
Tanah didepan abutmen = 4.5 x 14 x 1.7008 = 107.1504 ton

2. Beban hidup
Muatan hidup (Pl) = 12 t, qL = 2.2
Lebar jalur Lalin = 12 m
�_𝑞𝐿=𝑞/2,75×𝐿
= 9.6 ton/m

𝐾𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛 𝑘𝑒𝑗𝑢𝑡=1+20/(50+𝐿)
= 1.3076923077
�_𝑝𝐿=𝑃/2,75×𝐿×𝐿
= 68.4755244755 ton

�_𝑉𝐿=(𝑘 𝑥 �𝑝𝐿)+(1⁄2 𝑥 �𝑞𝐿) = 46.7916083916 ton

3. Gaya akibat rem dan traksi

Diperhitungkan 5% dari beban D tanpa koefisien kejut dengan titik tangkap diatas 2
permukaan lantai kendaraan

�_𝑟𝑡= (5% 𝑥 (�𝑝𝐿+�𝑞𝐿))/2

= 1.9518881119 ~ 2

4. Gaya gesek pada tumpuan bergerak

Gg = Koefisien gesek . Rvd
Harga koefisien gerak diambil 0,25 dari PPPGJR pasal 2.6.2
= 0.25 x 220.97445 = 47.450775 ton

5. Gaya gempa
Gaya gempa akibat beban mati bangunan atas
E1 = K . Rvd = 0.07 x 220.97445 = 13.28622

Gaya gempa akibat beban mati abutment

E2 = K . RvA = 35.70875 ton

Gaya gempa akibat tanah diatas dan disamping abutmen

E3 = K. Wt1 = 3.750264 ton
E4 = K . Wt2 = 7.4588584 ton

6. Tekanan tanah
 Sudut Geser tanah = 40
Kohesi C = 3.1
Berat isi tanah g = 1.7008 t/m3
Tinggi tanah = 10.65 m
Koefisien tekanan tanah

𝐾𝑎1= 〖𝑡�〗 ^2 (45°−(∅1)/2)= 〖𝑡�〗 ^2 (45°−40/2)=

0.217
𝐾𝑝= 〖𝑡�〗 ^2 (45°−(∅1)/2)= 〖𝑡�〗 ^2 (45°+40/2)=
4.599

q = 0.6 x 1.70 = 1.02

Gaya yang bekerja permeter panjang

Tekanan tanah aktif
Pa1 = q x Ka1 x H1 = 2.357271 ton

Pa2 = 0.5 x g1 x H1^2 x Ka1 = 20.930625198 ton

Ptotal = 23.287896198 ton

�𝑝𝑎=((𝐻𝑝1 𝑥 𝑃𝑎1+𝐻𝑝2 𝑥 𝑃𝑎2)/𝑃𝑡𝑜𝑡)

= 3.8993416932

Tekanan tanah pasif

𝑃𝑝=0.5 𝑥 𝐾𝑝 𝑥 𝛾 𝑥ℎ^2= 35.1989064 ton

Berat total tekanan tanah sepanjang lebar jembatan (14m) = 35.415 ton x 14 m =
Kombinasi pembebanan
kombinasi pembebanan 1
Beban Gaya (T) Jarak Terhadap G (m)
jenis Bagian V H X Y
Rva 510.13 0.12204176
Rvb 189.8031 0.2
M
Wt1 213.11024 1.53
Wt2 107.1504 -2.0366667
Rvl 46.7916084 0.2
Ta 326.030546772 1.34
Tu
Jumlah 1066.98 326.030546772
Beban Ijin 1066.98 326.03

kombinasi pembebanan 2
Beban Gaya (T) Jarak Terhadap G (m)
jenis Bagian V H X Y
Rva 510.13 0.12204176
Rvb 189.80 0.12
M
Wt 213.11 1.53
Wt2 107.1504 -2.0366667
Ta 326.030546772 1.34
Ah
Gg 47.450775 5.86
A
Sr
Tm
Jumlah 1020.19 373.481321772
Beban Ijin 1020.19 373.48

kombinasi pembebanan 3
Beban Gaya (T) Jarak Terhadap G (m)
jenis Bagian V H X Y
Kom.1 1066.98 326.03 0.48 6.36
Rrt 1.95 6.86
Gg 47.450775 5.86
A
 Sr
Tm
Jumlah 1066.98 375.43
Beban Ijin 1066.98 375.43

kombinasi pembebanan 4
Beban Gaya (T) Jarak Terhadap G (m)
jenis Bagian V H X Y
Rva 510.13 0.12204176
Rvb 189.80 0.12
M
Wt1 213.11 1.53
Wt2 107.15 -2.0366667
Ta 35.70875 4.139313
Gh Tb 13.286217 5.52
Tt 11.2091224 1.34
Tag
Gg 47.450775 5.86
Ahg
Tu
Jumlah 1020.18874 107.6548644 -0.2646249 16.85931
Beban Ijin 1020.19 107.65

Kontrol Abutmen terhadap kestabilan konstruksi

Kontrol terhadap daya dukung tanah
j = 40
Nc = 95.6
Nq = 81.2
Ng = 114
𝑞𝑢𝑙𝑡=(1,0+0,3 . �/�) 𝑐 . 𝑁_𝑐+𝐷_𝑓 . 𝛾_0 . 𝑁_𝑞+(0,5+0,1 . 𝐵/𝐿) . 𝛾_𝑡 . 𝐵 . 𝑁_𝛾

B = 5 m
L = 14 m
Df = 3 m

Qult = 933.666309 ton/m2

Daya dukung ijin

𝑞_𝑎𝑙𝑙=1/𝑆𝐹 𝑥 𝑞_𝑢𝑙𝑡
 SF = 1.5-3 , dipilih 2.5

qall = 373.466523 ton

Stabilitas akibat kombinasi 1

v = 1066.98
h = 326.03
Mh = 436.880933
Mv = 217.404513

Kontrol terhadap guling

Mh/Mv = 664.3811/560.5131
= 2.00953019 > 1
oke

Kontrol terhadap geser

V (m / H) = 1.96358352 > 1
oke

Tegangan yang terjadi

�= 𝑉/𝐴 ± 𝑀/� = 15.2425764 ± 3.76245291

smin = 3.76245291
smax = 15.2425764

smax < sall

15.2425764056 < 373.466523 oke

Stabilitas akibat kombinasi 2

v = 1020.19
h = 373.48
Mh = 714.942474
Mv = 192.861943

Kontrol terhadap guling

Mv/Mh = 664.3811/560.5131
= 3.70701686 > 1
oke

Kontrol terhadap geser

V (m / H) = 1.63893937 > 1
 oke

Tegangan yang terjadi

�= 𝑉/𝐴 ± 𝑀/� = 14.5741249 ± 8.94995196

smin = 8.94995196
smax = 14.5741249

smax < sall

14.5741248571 < 373.466523 oke
Stabilitas akibat kombinasi 3
v = 1066.98
h = 375.43
Mh = 2365.00577
Mv = 192.861943

Kontrol terhadap guling

Mv/Mh = 664.3811/560.5131
= 12.2626877 > 1
oke

Kontrol terhadap geser

V (m / H) = 1.70519867 > 1
oke

Tegangan yang terjadi

�= 𝑉/𝐴 ± 𝑀/� = 15.2425764 ± 37.2367513

smin = 15.2425764
smax = 37.2367513

smax < sall

37.236751343 < 373.466523 oke

Stabilitas akibat kombinasi 4

v = 1020.19
h = 107.65
Mh = 514.231383
Mv = 192.861943

Kontrol terhadap guling

 Mv/Mh = 664.3811/560.5131
= 2.66631858 > 1
oke

Kontrol terhadap geser

V (m / H) = 5.68588561 > 1
oke

Tegangan yang terjadi

�= 𝑉/𝐴 ± 𝑀/�
= 14.5741249 ± 5.5091904

smin = 5.5091904
smax = 14.5741249

smax < sall

14.5741248571 < 373.466523 oke

Penulangan Abutmen
penulangan badan abutmen
Penulangan badan abutmen ditinjau terhadap momen yang terjadi didasar badan abutmen
dari tabel pembebanan kombinasi diperoleh :
Pv = 1066.98 ton 10765152.0024 N
Ph = 375.43 ton
Mh = 2365.00577142 ton m 23639611054.14 N.mm
Penulangan lentur
Direncanakan : 9995582.82
f'c = 30 Mpa
fy = 400 mpa
h = 2000 mm
b = 1000 mm
tb = 50 mm
dtul = 22 mm
dseng = 16 mm
d = 1923 mm
d' = 77 mm
j = 0.65
Ag = 2000000 mm2

Mh = 2365.00577142
Mu =Mu'/Labutment = 168.928984 1688543325.206

𝑃_𝑢=𝑃𝑢/(𝜑 𝐴� 0,85 𝑓^′ 𝑐)

= 0.324740634 > 0.1
 et = Mu/Pu = 156.85271558 MM

et/h = 0.0784263578
(��/(� �� 0,85 �^′ �))(𝑒𝑡/ℎ)=
0.0254682251

Dari Grafik 9.8. Buku Grafik dan Tabel Perhitungan Beton Bertulang dengan
tulangan simetris ( Aski = Aska = 0,5 Astot ) diperoleh :

r = 0.0125
b= 1.2
�=𝑟 � 0.015

Astot = r Ag = 30000 mm2

Aski = Aska = D22 - 60 ( As=6335.5 m2 persisi)

tulangan bagi = 0.2 x As = 1267.1 mm2

dipakai tulangan D16 - 150 (As = 1340 mm2)

Tulangan geser
V = 1097.74 / 14 = 76.212882028 ton 747390.3920887 N

Syarat tulangan geser

Vu > 0 Vc - 0Vc = 0.55 Mpa

Vu = 0.7917271103 Mpa

Vu > oVc, Maka diperlukan tulangan geser

Vs < oVs: untuk f'c 30 Mpa >>oVs = 2.19 MPA (tabel 17 DPBB)
Vs = Vu - oVc = 0.24172711 < 2.19

As sengkang min = (𝑏 𝑦)/(3 𝑓𝑦) 6250 mm2

As sengkang = ((𝑉_𝑢−∅𝑉𝑐)𝑏 𝑦)/(0.6 𝑓𝑦) 7553.972195734

As sengkang > As sengkang min

tulangan geser permeter = 14681.67415 / 7.5 = 1007.196292765 mm2
dipakai D12 - 75

Plat Pemisah Balok

diketahui :
h = 2000 mm
b = 1000 mm
tb = 50 mm
dtul = 22 mm
dseng = 16 mm
d = 1939 mm
f'c = 30 Mpa
fy = 400 Mpa

𝐾𝑎= 〖𝑡𝑎𝑛〗 ^2 (45° − /2)

𝐾𝑎= 〖𝑡𝑎𝑛〗 ^2 (45° − (16°)/2)

= 0.568

P1 = 1/2 x g1 x Ka1 x H1^2 x Labutmen = 6.7623808 ton

P1 =Ka1 x q x H1^2 x Labutmen = 8.11104 ton

M1 = (6.762381 x 0.333) 2.2518728064 ton.m

M2 = (8.111 x 0.667 ) 5.41006368 ton.m

Gaya rem = 1.9518881119 ton

Mr = (1.937 x 1 ) 1.9518881119 ton.m

Mtot = M1 + M2 + Mr = 9.6138245983 ton.m 94279412.9968 Nmm

momen permeter panjang abutment = 94133113.32 / 14 6734243.785486 Nmm

 Mu = 6723793.809 / 0.8= 8417804.73186 Nmm
𝐾=𝑀/(𝑏 𝑑^2 ) �𝑙
= 0.0570930717

𝐹=1−√(1 −2𝐾) = 0.0588231534

𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥= (�1 450)/(600+𝑓𝑦)= 0.3825

r = F . Rl / fy = 0.00374998

p = 0.0035

As = r b d = 7271.20352044 mm2

dipakai tulangan D22 - 100

3799.4
pmin = As / b.d = 0.00195946

pmin < p <pmax oke

tulangan bagi = 0.2 x As 759.88 mm2

AiYi (m3)

AiYi (m3)

ton
ton
ton
ton
ton
ton
ton
ton
ton

ton
 t/m

ton

ton
326.03055 ton
 Momen (T.m)
Mv Mh
62.256552
37.96062
326.05867
-218.22965
9.3583217
436.881

217.40451 436.881
217.40451 436.881

Momen (T.m)
Mv Mh
62.256552
22.776372
326.05867
-218.22965
436.881

278.062

192.86194 714.942
192.86194 714.942

Momen (T.m)
Mv Mh
512.15057 2073.55
13.39
278.062
512.15057 2365.01
512.15057 2365.01

Momen (T.m)
Mv Mh
62.256552
22.776372
326.05867
-218.22965
147.81
73.3399
15.0202

278.062

192.86194 514.231
192.86194 514.231