Lab Report Assessment Rubrics

Faculty: FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Programme: BACHELOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING WITH HONOURS
Course/Code: HYDRAULICS & MECHANIC MATERIALS LABORATORY/ BFC21201
Experiment
FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL
Title:
Assessed by:
Section:
Student 1.
names: 2.
3.
4.
5.

Excellent
V.Poor

Good
Poor

Fair
CLO 1: Explain the results of hydraulics and mechanics materials experiments based on relevant standard and theories. [PLO4, C2]
Assessment Criteria Sub-criteria Level 1 2 3 4 5 Weight Score
Lab work aim/purposes Identify the lab purpose C1 1
and materials used List and include all lab materials C1 1
Report Use appropriate List and include all lab procedures C1 1
methodology and results
to interpret procedures Answer and discuss relevant questions,
C2 1
used equations and techniques
Development of Interpret proper results C2 0.5
Presentation methodology and
assumptions in study Discuss the use of materials and equations C2 0.5
Total 5
CLO 2: Display high quality of technical and interpretation skills in solving the assign problems. [PLO2, P4]
Assessment Criteria Sub-criteria Level 1 2 3 4 5 Weight Score
Descriptions of the lab work needs P1 0.5
Perform on-site lab work Correct use of measurement technique
P2 1.5
and equipments
Report Discussion on the Describe correct and precise data
applications of the lab P2 1.5
collection
work with measurement
techniques and Analyse and discuss the data trends and
P3 1.5
equations patterns using correct graphs
Solve the applications of equations with
P3 1
Use/adapt appropriate correct and accurate analyses
measurement 3 sets data measurement for accuracy P4 0.7
Presentation
technique/concept and
results Investigate, discuss and relate the use of
P4 0.8
lab work with real site situation
Total 7.5
CLO 3: Describe the laboratory testing procedures among group members throughout the experiments. [PLO5, A2]
Assessment Criteria Sub-criteria Level 1 2 3 4 5 Weight Score
Format of report follows given format A1 1.5
Convey information in
Report Team work: contribution from all members A1 1.5
group
Follows the field work instructions A2 1.5
Demonstrate importance of lab works,
A2 2
able to answers open ended questions
Convey spoken ideas in
Presentation
group Organisation of group presentation A2 0.7

Support members in Q&A session A2 0.3

Total 7.5

Total (%)
Assessor signature/ date:
FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY

LABORATORY PAPER INSTRUCTION

Subject Code BFC 21201

Experiment Code MKA – 02

Experiment Title FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL

Section
 STUDENTS’ ETHICAL CODE (SEC)

DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
BATU PAHAT, JOHOR

“I declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also
declare not receive or give any assistance in preparing this report and
make this affirmation in the belief that nothing is in, it is true”

……………………………………….
(STUDENT’S SIGNATURE)

NAME :………………………………
MATRIC NO :……………………………….
DATE :…………………………..…..

*This SEC paper sheet is compulsory to be compiled in the lab report for each student by group
 FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL
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ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL EDITION : 2
ENGINEERING REVIEW NO : 2
WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 17/05/2005

TITLE : FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL AMENDMENT DATE : 28/02/2016

PART A : THE HYDRAULIC JUMPS

1.0 OBJECTIVE
To investigate the characteristic of a standing wave (the hydraulic jump) produced when waters
beneath an undershot weir and to observe the flow patterns obtained.

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the course, students should be able to apply the knowledge and skills they have
learned to:
a. Understand the concept and characteristics of hydraulic jump.
b. Understand the factors which influence the hydraulic jump.

3.0 THEORY
Fluctuating water surface
Total head line

DH
H0 y0 H1

Critical depth line

yg vb yb v3 y3
v1 y1 ya va

Section 0 Section 1 Section a Section b Section 3

When water flowing rapidly changes to slower tranquil flow, a hydraulic jump or standing wave is
produced. This phenomenon can be seen where water shooting under a sluice gate mixes with deeper
water downstream. It occurs when a depth less than critical changes to a depth which is greater than
critical and must be accompanied by loss of energy. An undular jump occurs when the change in depth is
small. The surface of the water undulates in a series of oscillations, which gradually decay to a region of
smooth tranquil flow. A direct jump occurs when the change in depth is great. The large amount of energy
loss produces a zone of extremely turbulent water before it settles to smooth tranquil flow.

By considering the forces acting within the fluid on either side of a hydraulic jump of unit width it can be
shown that:
va  v 
2 2
DH  ya    yb  b 
2g  2g 
Where, ΔH is the total head loss across jump (energy dissipated) (m), v a is the mean velocity before
jump (m/s), y a is the depth of flow before hydraulic jump (m), v b is the mean velocity after hydraulic jump
(m) and yb is the depth of flow after hydraulic jump (m). Because the working section is short, ya ≈ y1

DH   y3  y1  4 y1 y3 .
3
and yb ≈ y3 . Therefore, simplifying the above equation,
 FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL
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ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL EDITION : 2
ENGINEERING REVIEW NO : 2
WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 17/05/2005

TITLE : FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL AMENDMENT DATE : 28/02/2016

4.0 EQUIPMENTS
1. Self-contained Glass Sided Tilting Flume
2. Adjustable Undershot Weir
3. Instrument Carrier
4. Hook and Point Gauge

5.0 PROCEDURES
1. Ensure the flume is level, with the downstream tilting overshot weir, E at the bottom of its travel.
Measure and record the actual breadth b (m) of the undershot weir. Install the undershot weir
towards the inlet end of the flume and ensure that it is securely clamped in position.
2. Adjust the undershot weir to position the sharp edge of the weir 20 mm above the bed of the
channel. Increase the height of the tilting overshot weir until the downstream level just start to
rise.
3. Gradually open the flow control valve and adjust the flow until an undular jump is created with
small ripple decaying towards the discharge end of the working section. Observe and sketch the
flow pattern.
4. Increase the height of water upstream of the undershot weir by increasing the flow rate and
increase the height of the tilting overshot weir to create a hydraulic jump in the centre of the
working section. Observe and sketch the flow pattern.
5. Measure and record the values of y1 , y3 , y g and Q . Repeat this for other flow rates Q (upstream
head) and heights of the gate yg .

6.0 RESULT AND CALCULATION

1. Calculate v1 and plot dg against v1

2. Calculate DH / y1 and plot DH / y1 against y3 y1
3. Calculate y c and verify y1 < y c < y3
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ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL EDITION : 2
ENGINEERING REVIEW NO : 2
WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 17/05/2005

TITLE : FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL AMENDMENT DATE : 28/02/2016

Channel width, b =..…………..m

Table 6.1: The hydraulic Jumps

Weir Upstrea Flow Flow Flow

Opening m Flow Depth Depth Rate DH y3
Depth Above Below ΔH v1
Jump Jump y1 y1
yg yo y1 y3 Q
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m3/s)

7.0 QUESTIONS

1. Verify the force of the stream on either side of the jump is the same and that the specific energy
curve predicts a loss equal to DH yc .
2. Suggest application where the loss of energy in hydraulic jump would be desirable. How is the
energy dissipated?
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ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL EDITION : 2
ENGINEERING REVIEW NO : 2
WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 17/05/2005

TITLE : FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL AMENDMENT DATE : 28/02/2016

PART B : THE FORCE ON A SLUICE GATE

1.0 OBJECTIVE
To determine the relationship between upstream head and thrust on a sluice gate (undershot weir)
for water flowing under the sluice gate.

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the course, students should be able to apply the knowledge and skills they have
learned to:
a. Understand the basic terms and concept of a sluice gate.
b. Understand on the characteristics of the force on a sluice gate.

3.0 THEORY
It can be shown that the resultant force on the gate is given by the equation,
2 y 
Fg  1 gy1  0 2  1  g 1  y1  .
2
 y0 
The gate thrust for a hydrostatic pressure
2  y1  by1 
FH  1 g y0  y g  where, Fg is resultant gate thrust (N),
2
distribution is given by the equation,
2
FH is resultant hydrostatic thrust (N), Q is volume flowrate (m/s),  is density of fluid (kg/m 3), g
gravitational constant (9.81 m/s2), b is breadth of gate (m), y g is height of upstream opening (m),
y0 is upstream depth of flow (m) and y1 is downstream depth of flow (m).

4.0 EQUIPMENTS
1. Self-contained Glass Sided Tilting Flume
2. Adjustable Undershot Weir
3. Instrument Carrier
4. Hook and Point Gauge

5.0 PROCEDURES
1. Ensure the flume is level, with the downstream tilting overshot weir at the bottom of its travel.
Measure and record the actual breadth b (m) of the undershot weir. Install the undershot weir
towards the inlet end of the flume and ensure that it is securely clamped in position.
2. Adjust the undershot weir to set its bottom edge 20 mm above the bed of the channel.
3. Introduce water into the flume until y 0 = 200 mm. With y 0 at this position, take readings for Q
and y1 . Raise the undershot weir in increments of 10 mm, maintaining constant y 0 by varying
Q . At each level of the weir, record the values of y g , y1 and Q .
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ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL EDITION : 2
ENGINEERING REVIEW NO : 2
WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 17/05/2005

TITLE : FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL AMENDMENT DATE : 28/02/2016

4. Repeat the procedure with a constant flow Q , allowing y o to vary. Record the values of yo
and y1 .

6.0 RESULT AND CALCULATIONS

Weir breadth=………………………mm

Table 6.1: The force on the sluice gate

Weir Upstream Downstream Flow Gate Hydrosatic Fg yg
Opening Flow Flow Depth Rate Thrust Thrust
Depth Q (m3/s) Fg (N) FH FH yo
y g (m) y1 (m) (N)
yo (m)

7.0 QUESTIONS
1. Plot a graph of the ratio Fg FH against the ratio y g yo .
2. Comment on the graph obtained.
3. Compare your calculated values for Fg and FH and comment on any differences.
4. What is the effect of flowrate on the results obtained?

Updated by: Approved by:

Dr Hartini binti Kasmin Assoc. Prof. Dr Mohd Adib Mohammad Razi

Signature: Signature:

Date: 10 September 2017 Date : 10 September 2017