TWO-DAY SHORT COURSE ON

PRINCIPLES FOR TUNNEL DESIGN

Presenters: Various
BEM Approved CPD/PDP Hours: 13

Ref No.: IEM17/HQ/135/C

Date: 20 – 21 April 2017

(Thursday & Friday)

Venue:
PJ Hilton Hotel
Intan Suite,
East Wing, Level 1,
Petaling Jaya,
Selangor

Time: 8.00 am – 6.00 pm

Organized by:
Tunnelling and Underground Space Technical Division, IEM
ITACET Foundation

Managed by:
IEM Academy Sdn Bhd

(1016575-D)/(GST ID No. 002028294144)

No. 33-1B, Jalan 52/18, P.O. Box 224 (Jalan Sultan), 46720 Petaling Jaya
Telephone No.: 03 – 7931 5296 Fax No.: 03 – 7958 2851
Email: iemacademysb@gmail.com Website: www.iemasb.com
 TWO-DAY SHORT COURSE ON
PRINCIPLES FOR TUNNEL DESIGN
Presenters: Various
BEM Approved CPD/PDP Hours: 13

Ref No.: IEM17/HQ/135/C

Date: 20 – 21 April 2017

(Thursday & Friday)

Venue:
PJ Hilton Hotel
Intan Suite,
East Wing, Level 1,
Petaling Jaya,
Selangor

Time: 8.00 am – 6.00 pm

Organized by:
Tunnelling and Underground Space Technical Division, IEM
ITACET Foundation

Managed by:
IEM Academy Sdn Bhd

(1016575-D)/(GST ID No. 002028294144)

No. 33-1B, Jalan 52/18, P.O. Box 224 (Jalan Sultan), 46720 Petaling Jaya
Telephone No.: 03 – 7931 5296 Fax No.: 03 – 7958 2851
Email: iemacademysb@gmail.com Website: www.iemasb.com
 COPYRIGHT

Published by:

The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia

Bangunan Ingeniur
Lots 60 & 62, Jalan 52/4
P.O. Box 223, Jalan Sultan
46720 Petaling Jaya
Selangor

20 April 2017

COPYRIGHT
Not to be reprinted without written authority from The Institution of Engineers,
Malaysia.
ISBN 978-983-40616-7-8

The Organizing Committee and Editors are not responsible for the statements
made or for the opinions expressed in these Proceedings.
 TRAINING SESSION ON
PRINCIPLES FOR TUNNEL DESIGN
20 & 21 APRIL 2017
FOREWORD BY PRESIDENT OF IEM

I am honoured to be asked to pen the foreword for the “Principles for Tunnel Design” organized by
Tunnelling and Underground Space Technical Division of IEM (TUSTD) and supported by the Foundation for
Education on Training on Tunnelling and Underground Space Use of the International Tunnelling Association
(ITACET Foundation). I am pleased that the event is managed by IEM Academy Sdn Bhd a wholly own
subsidiary of IEM and endorsed by ITA – AITES.

I was made to understand that the two days training session consist of four sessions namely Session 1
Introduction and Overview on Tunnel Design, Session 2 Choosing the Appropriate Construction Method
during Design, Session 3 Design and Calculation Methods and Session 4 Specific Aspects of Tunnel Design
which is delivered by the tunnelling experts. The presence of esteemed overseas and local experts who will
share their invaluable global and local experiences, insights and comments will definitely add to the
enrichment of participants and IEM members and the engineering fraternity.

As a professional institution dedicated to promote the science and professional practice of engineering and
to facilitate the exchange of information and ideas related to them, IEM is indeed proud to be associated with
the ITACET Foundation. I hope that both IEM and ITACET will find more opportunities for collaboration in the
future.

Finally, I must congratulate TUSTD for its commitment in organizing the training course on “Principles for
Tunnel Design” and I wish this event every success.

Ir. Tan Yean Chin

President
The Institutions of Engineers, Malaysia
 TRAINING SESSION ON
PRINCIPLES FOR TUNNEL DESIGN
20 & 21 APRIL 2017
MESSAGE BY ITA PRESIDENT

I want to congratulate all the participants of the training session on Principles for Tunnel Design offered by
the ITACET Foundation, the Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM) and the IEM Academy SDN BHD. In the
ITA strategic plan, education and training is one of the major goals and we are glad that in Malaysia, one of
our very active Member Nations has frequently promoted training sessions for local professionals. The
course has very well balanced contents, covering a wide spectrum of topics on construction methods,
ground mass types, specificities for mountain and urban tunnels, monitoring, investigation, case histories,
etc. The attendees will benefit from a team of lecturers among the best in the world.
Tunneling design and construction techniques have evolved very fast in recent years. Due to this, the course
is useful not only for young professionals, but also for experienced professionals in need for continued
education. ITA has also advocated that tunnels can be reliable and predictable elements for infrastructure as
long as proper investigation, design, constructions and contracting practices are adopted. This course covers
a very important topic of that list which is design. Even for professionals involved in construction activities,
the course is very useful. Understanding the performance during construction and the long-term interaction
between the support structure and ground masses with very distinct behaviors is one of the major
ingredients for the success of underground construction.
I wish all the participants a very fruitful course and I also encourage discussions of personal experiences.

Prof. Tarcisio B. Celestino

ITA President
 TRAINING SESSION ON
PRINCIPLES FOR TUNNEL DESIGN
20 & 21 APRIL 2017
MESSAGE BY ORGANIZING CHAIRMAN

In February 2000 a seminar on “Design, Construction, Operation and other Aspects of Tunnels” was
organized by IEM. The ITA held its Executive Committee meeting in Petaling Jaya prior to the seminar. With
the encouragement of ITA the Tunnelling and Underground Space Technical Division (TUSTD) of IEM was
formed at the seminar and Inaugurated in 2001 with the objective “to undertake activities related to the
promotion and advancement of the science and engineering of tunnels and underground space
technologies”. IEM TUSTD becomes a country member of ITA representing Malaysia. The First and Second
International Conference and Exhibition on Tunnelling and Trenchless Technology were held in Malaysia in
2006 and 2011 respectively with great success. In conjunction with the conferences training courses on
tunnels and underground space were held in advance of the conferences. In 2003 construction of The
"Storm water Management And Road Tunnel" or "SMART" started. It is a storm drainage and road structure
located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia to solve the repeated flooding and traffic congestion problems of the
Business District in the city centre of Kuala Lumpur. The 9.7 km tunnel is the longest storm water tunnel in
South East Asia and second longest in Asia. In the 2006 Conference a special session was dedicated to
papers from the SMART project which won the British Construction Industry International Award in 2008. In
2011, the SMART project received the UN Habitat Scroll of Honour Award for its innovative and unique
management of storm water and peak hour traffic. IEM again organized the third conference and exhibition
on Tunnelling and Underground Space on 3rd – 5th March 2015 at the Dorsett Grand Subang Hotel, Subang
Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan. This conference coincides with the massive development of the Klang Valley
Mass Rapid Transit (KVMRT) SBK Line 1 currently at construction stage with certain part of MRT completed
for operation by the end of 2016. KVMRT SSP Line 2 is currently in the detailed design stage for the
elevated sections and the construction work is scheduled in Year 2016 while the underground section is in
tender stage. Two days training course on tunnels and underground space was also held in advance of the
conference. IEM announced its intention to bid for the ITA-AITES WTC2020 at WTC2016 held in San
Francisco; the bid document was submitted to ITA Executive Council and accepted in January 2017.
SEACETUS2017 as well as the two days post conference training course on principles of Tunnel design
were launched in support of WTC2020 bidding. This training course on Principles of Tunnel Design was
conceived on the suggestion of Mr. Claude Berenguier and immediate acceptance by Dr. Teik Aun Ooi, the
organizing Chairman. On behalf of IEM I must thank ITACET and Mr. Claude Berenguier for the initiative. I
must thank the ITA Vice President Prof Jenny Yann, Mr. G. Klados, Dr Noppadol Phienwej, Mr Thorsten
Tatzki, Mr Emmanuel Humbert, Mr Alain POLONI, Mr. Senthilnathah and Mr Andreas Raedle for taking time
off from their busy schedules to give their lectures at these two days training sessions on Principles of
Tunnel Design. I have no doubt that the participants will greatly benefit from these training sessions. I wish
the training sessions a great success.

Ir. Dr. Teik Aun Ooi

Organizing Chairman
 CONTENTS
1. Foreword by IEM President
2. Message by ITA President
3. Message by Organizing Chairman
4. Information for Participants
5. Programme
6. Brief Biodata of Presenters
7. Acknowledgement

8. Session 1: Introduction and Overview On Tunnel Design

Design philosophy of tunnels for KVMRT
By Andreas Raedle
Geological Models and Geomechanical Investigation
By Dr. Noppadol Phienwej
Settlement Prediction and Control in Urban Tunnelling
By Dr. Noppadol Phienwej
Specific Parameters Affecting Design
By Professor Jinxiu Yan
9. Session 2: Choosing The Appropriate Construction Method During Design
Conventional Tunnelling in Hard Rock
By Emmanuel Humbert
Conventional Tunnelling in Soft Soil
By Emmanuel Humbert
Mechanized Tunnelling (TBM and Support Systems)
By Thorsten Tatzki
Health and Safety Issues and Impact on Tunnel Design
By Alain Poloni
10. Session 3: Design and Calculation Methods
Rock Engineering Design
By Emmanuel Humbert
Analytical and Numerical Methods
By Emmanuel Humbert
Risk Management in Tunnelling: The Contractor’s Perspective
By Gus Klados
Design of Face Pressure, Soil Conditioning and Backfilling for TBM
By Thorsten Tatzki
11. Session 4: Specific Aspects Of Tunnel Design
Monitoring and Control for Conventional and Mechanized Tunnelling
By Professor Jinxiu Yan
Case Study of a Complex Urban Tunnel in Monaco
By Alain Poloni
Construction of The SMART Project: The Contractor’s Perspective
By Gus Klados
Urban Tunnelling in Singapore
By Senthilnath
12. History of Tunnelling and Underground Space Technical Division (TUSTD), IEM
 INFORMATION FOR PARTICIPANTS
Dear Participants,

Welcome to the IEM Two-Day Short Course on Principles for Tunnel Design.

In order to facilitate the operation of this Short Course, the Organizing Committee would like to seek your co-
operation in the followings:

OBJECTIVE

This two days short course is to provide design and construction elements to young professionals related to
the best practice of tunnel design

REGISTRATION

The registration will be located at Foyer of the Hilton Petaling Jaya, Intan Suite, East Wing, No. 2, Jalan
Barat, 46200 Petaling Jaya, Selangor.

NAME TAGS

All participants are requested to wear their name tags all the time during the Conference so that they can be
easily identified. Participants without name tags may be refused entry at all technical sessions and other
official functions organized for the Conference.

SAFE KEEPING OF CONFERENCE BAGS

Participants are advised to take good care of their conference bags. However, you may leave your bag with
the Secretariat should you wish to leave the conference hall temporarily. All personal items such as
cameras, wallets, handphones etc, should not be left unattended.

TELEPHONE MESSAGES

Announcement will not be made on all in-coming calls but telephone messages will be pinned on the notice
board outside the event hall for information. If you are expecting an urgent call, please make arrangements
with the Secretariat.

Handphones shall be switched off during the event session.

PARKING AT OR NEARBY HOTEL PREMISES

Participants are required to validate their parking tickets before exit.

A flat rate of RM18.00 per entry would be charged. Kindly refer to the hotel staffs for validation of parking
ticket.

Ample parking is available in front of the Hotel, MBPJ parking with RM5.00 – RM6.00 per day.

As an alternative, ample parking is also located at Lower Ground/Basement of Giant Supermarket located in
front of the PJ Hilton.
PRAYER ROOM

The prayer room is located at the the Hilton Petaling Jaya, East Wing, Level 1, No. 2, Jalan Barat, 46200
Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan.

MORNING AND AFTERNOON TEA BREAKS

The morning and afternoon tea breaks will be served at the Foyer of Hilton Petaling Jaya, Intan Suite, East
Wing, Level 1, No. 2, Jalan Barat, 46200 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan.

BUFFET LUNCH

Buffet lunch will be served at Paya Serai Restaurant, located at the Ground Floor of the Hilton Petaling Jaya,
No. 2, Jalan Barat, 46200 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan.

For vegetarian participants, the lunch will be served at a separate table with vegetarian dish available.

VEGETARIAN FOOD

If you are a vegetarian, please inform the Secretariat not later than 9.30 a.m. daily so that arrangements
could be made. During lunch, please inform the waiter where you will be sitting so that the vegetarian food
can be served to you.

SESSION PROCEDURES

It is hoped that all discussions can be conducted with the following objectives:-

 To adequately cover the papers in the session;

 To allow as many contributions from the floor as possible;
 To present as many points as possible without wasting time on controversial issues.

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSION

Participants making contributions in each session are kindly requested to give their names and the name of
their organization before conveying their question.

FLIGHT CONFIRMATION

Please request the Hotel Receptionists to assist in your flight confirmation.

OTHER INFORMATION

Should you require any assistance, please do not hesitate to contact the Secretariat or any of the Organizing
Committee Members.

Thank you.

IEM ACADEMY SDN BHD

 PROGRAMME
Day 1: 20th April 2017
Session 1: Introduction and Overview on Tunnel Design
09:00 – 09:15 Welcome and opening
09:15 – 09:45 Design philosophy of tunnels for KVMRT – Andreas Raedle
Geological Models and Geomechanical Investigation – Dr. Noppadol
09:45 – 10:30
Phienwej
10:30 – 11:00 Coffee Break
Settlement Prediction and Control in Urban Tunnelling – Dr. Noppadol
11:00 – 11:45
Phienwej
11:45 – 12:30 Specific Parameters Affecting Design – Professor Jinxiu Yan
12:30 – 14:00 Lunch
Session 2: Choosing The Appropriate Construction Method During Design
14:00 – 14:45 Conventional Tunnelling in Hard Rock – Emmanuel Humbert
14:45 – 15:30 Conventional Tunnelling in Soft Ground – Emmanuel Humbert
15:30 – 16:00 Coffee Break
16:00 – 16:45 Mechanized tunnelling (TBM and support systems) – Thorsten Tatzki
16:45 – 17:30 Health and Safety Issues and Impact on Tunnel Design – Alain Poloni
17:30 – 18:00 Questions and Answers

Day 2: 21st April 2017

Session 3: Design and Calculation Methods
09:00 – 09:45 Rock Engineering Design – Emmanuel Humbert
09:45 – 10:30 Analytical and Numerical Methods – Emmanuel Humbert
10:30 – 11:00 Coffee Break
11:00 – 11:45 Risk Management in Tunnelling: The Contractor’s Perspective – Gus Klados
Design of Face Pressure, Soil Conditioning and Backfilling for TBM –
11:45 – 12:30
Thorsten Tatzki
12:30 – 14:00 Lunch
Session 4: Specific aspects of tunnel design
Monitoring and Control for Conventional and Mechanized Tunnelling
14:00 – 14:45
– Professor Jinxiu Yan
14:45 – 15:30 Case Study of a Complex Urban Tunnel in Monaco – Alain Poloni
15:30 – 16:00 Coffee Break
Construction of The SMART Project: The Contractor’s Perspective – Gus
16:00 – 16:45
Klados
16:45 – 17:30 Urban Tunnelling in Singapore – Senthilnath
17:30 – 18:00 Closing Remarks
 BRIEF BIODATA OF PRESENTERS
Professor Jinxiu Yan is currently the Vice President of the International Tunnelling and
Underground Space Association(ITA); Vice President of the Chinese Tunnelling and
Underground Works Society and Deputy General Manager of China Railway Academy
Co., Ltd. Prof. Yan has worked as consulting engineer for many major tunnel projects for
30 years. In the past 3 years, she has delivered 10 international Keynotes or lectures in
Asia, Europe, America and Middle East. As research team leaders or experts appointed
by the governments or the project owners, she have been involved in the construction of
many major railway, highway tunnels and metro projects as well as long subsea tunnels in
China.

Dr. Noppadol Phienwej, a faculty member at Asian Institute of Technology, has 29 years
of experience in geotechnical engineering as an academician and consultants. His areas
of interest and expertise are underground excavations, tunnelling, dam engineering and
slope stability. He is now the president cum the honorary secretary of the Southeast Asian
Geotechnical Society. He was the past chairman of Thailand National Group of the
International Tunnelling and Underground Space Association (TUTG). He was also the
past chairman of the Geotechnical Committee of the Engineering Institute of Thailand. He
has been involved with a number of major infrastructure development projects in Thailand
and Southeast Asian countries (building foundations, hydropower dams, irrigation dams,
transport and utilities tunnels, long water diversion tunnel projects, MRT projects, airports,
etc.).

Emmanuel Humbert is a graduate of the French National School for State Civil Works
with a master in civil engineering. He has been working in tunnelling for almost fifteen
years at CETU (Centre for Tunnel Studies) which is French government technical centre
for tunnel studies and research. He has gained considerable experience in road and
railway tunnel construction from the numerous tunnelling projects in which he has acted as
project engineer or project manager. He has developed extensive professional skills in
tunnelling design, geotechnical engineering and project and risk management. He also
lectures on the topic of tunnelling and tunnel boring machines in French universities within
the scope of postgraduate degrees. Emmanuel is the French.

Gus Klados is the Director, Tunnels for the Underground Works Package Contractor
MMC Gamuda KVMRT (T) Sdn. Bhd. for the Sungai Buloh – Serdang – Putrajaya (SSP)
Line and has been the Project Manager for the Sungai Buloh – Kajang (SBK) Line in
Kuala Lumpur. Gus has forty plus years’ experience in tunnelling and related construction
worldwide on major infra-structure projects. He started in Budapest on the M2 and M3
metro lines. Later Gus worked in England on the Channel Tunnel, in South Africa on the
Lesotho Highlands Water Project, in Greece on the Athens Metro Lines 2 & 3, in
Singapore on the Deep Tunnel Sewer System and in Malaysia on the SMART project.
Gus returned to Hungary, after 28 years as project director of the Client on the Budapest
Metro M4 Line. In March 2011, he assists the MMC Gamuda JV to tender for, win and
construct the underground works contract for the SBK Line and to win the tender and build
the tunnels for the SSP Line, the first and second MRTs or heavy metro lines in the Klang
Valley in Malaysia.
Alain Poloni was born in France in 1961. He is a civil engineer acting as director for major
projects offers within the International department of EIFFAGE Infrastructures, a branch of
EIFFAGE Group, a French company acting as a leader on the European market in
concessions and public works sector. He has 31 years of experience in the construction
field, including more than 20 years in the management of international projects in
countries like Venezuela, Turkey, Malaysia, Egypt, and Senegal. He has been active as
project manager in several EPC infrastructures development projects both in France and
overseas, most of these projects were related to underground excavations and tunnelling
both with TBM or conventional method. Alain Poloni was in charge until April 2014 of two
major projects performed in Monaco (Downward tunnel and Third source electric
substation), using Drill and Blast method in very urbanized areas and thus under drastic
environmental constraints. For the last three years Alain Poloni is in charge of tendering
department for overseas major infrastructure projects.

Senthilnath gained his Bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering and Master’s degree in
Geotechnical engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, India and TU Dresden,
Germany in 2009. He was awarded with ITA’s ITACET Scholarship to pursue 2nd Level
Specializing Masters in “Tunnelling and TBMs” at Politecnico di Torino, Italy and is
currently a Sr. Tunnel Engineer at Geoconsult in Singapore. He has around 7 years of
experience in handling diversified Geotechnical projects including TBM and SEM/NATM
Tunnels, deep foundations and excavation support systems for mining as well as
transportation projects (road and rail tunnels). He is an active member of the Singapore
tunnelling society (TUCSS), rock mechanics society (SRMEG) and is committee member
of Geotechnical Society of Singapore (GeoSS)’s youth wing. During ITA’s World Tunnel
Congress 2015 in Croatia, he was elected ITAYM Board Member. He was awarded the
Hulme Prize 2015 by TUCSS and was recently named “Young Tunneller of the Year” at
the NCE Tunnelling Awards 2016.

Thorsten Tatzki is the General Manager in Herrenknecht Asia Headquarters stationed in

Singapore. Mr Tatzki graduated with a Diploma in Civil Engineering from RWTH Aachen
University, Germany in 1997. Further on, he has completed the postgraduate studies in
Business Administration and Engineering (Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing.) from University
Kaiserslautern in 2007.In the past 19 years, he has involved in diverse scale and different
type of projects in tunneling and mining, for MENA and APAC region. He joined
Herrenknecht in 2010 to head the sales and marketing team for Traffic Tunneling
business unit across Asia. Some of his key projects are Powergrid Transmission Cable
Tunnel and Thomson Metro Line in Singapore, Shenzhen Metro Line 7 in China and
Wonju-Kangneung Railway Tunnel Project in Korea.

Andreas Raedle is working for ARUP as Tunnel Leader in Singapore since more than 1
1/2 year. He is currently involved in design and construction of several challenging major
underground infrastructure projects in Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand such as for
example Thomson Line (Package A and D), Cross Island Line, IGMS Mover Tunnel (all in
Singapore), Bangkok Orange Line and Kuala Lumpur Phase 2 Metro. Before moving to
Singapore, he was working for Hochtief Murphy JV for 5 years in London – as Technical
and Risk Manager on Crossrail C310 Thames Tunnel and as Project Manager for Thames
Tideway Tunnel East.He also was member of the BTS Committee from May 2014 to May
2015 and is still active member of BTS working group for “Compressed Air works in TBM
Tunnelling”. In former roles with Hochtief and others he has held various positions for
various tunnelling projects around the world (TBM Tunnelling projects and sprayed
concrete lined tunnels in Germany, Austria, Israel, Mexico, Italy, Iran, Sweden and
Denmark).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The organizers and organizing committee wish to express its gratitude and appreciation to:
 All Lecturers
 All Participants
 IEM and IEMASB Secretariat Staff
 All others who have contributed towards the success of this course