Questions On Class Members & Types

Data Members - Object Oriented Programming... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Data Members - Object Oriented

Programming Questions and
Answers
by Manish
7-9 minutes
This set of Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) Multiple

Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Data
Members”.
1. What is the term used to indicate the variable and

constants of a class?
a) Data members
b) Variables of class
c) Data characters
d) Constants
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The variables inside a class are termed data
members of the class. It is not a mandatory rule but
variables are used to refer usual variables used in functions
or globally. The term is given because the values stored in
those variables represent some kind of data related to
class.
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2. Data members ________________ (C++)

a) Can be initialized with declaration in classes
b) Can be initialized only with help of constructors
c) Can be initialized either in declaration or by constructor
d) Can’t be initialized
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The data members are not property of class,
those are property of the instances of the class. And the
memory for the data members are not reserved until a
constructor is called. Hence we use constructors for their
initialization after the memory is reserved.
3. Which among the following is true for data members?

a) Private data members can be initialized with declaration
in class
b) Static members are initialized in constructors
c) Protected data members can be initialized in class
directly
d) Static data members are defined outside class, not in
constructor
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Static members are not property of instances
of classes. Those are shared by all the object of classes.
Hence those are defined outside the constructor, so as to
make them common for all the objects.
4. What should be done for data member to be of user

defined structure type?
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a) The structure must have been defined before class.

b) The structure must have been defined after the class
definition
c) The structure must be predefined
d) The structure type data members can’t be used
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The structure must have been defined prior to
its use. If the structure is not defined, then the memory
space will not be allocated for its members. This leads to
undefined use of new data types.
5. How many data members can a class contain?

a) 27
b) 255
c) 1024
d) As many as required
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Any class can have as many data members as
required. The only restriction that may arise is when there is
not enough memory space. This gives flexibility to define a
class with best properties possible.
6. How to access data members of a class?

a) Dot operator
b) Arrow operator
c) Dot or arrow as required
d) Dot, arrow or direct call
View Answer
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Answer: c
Explanation: The data members can never be called
directly. Dot operator is used to access the members with
help of object of class. Arrow is usually used if pointers are
used.
7. To create a pointer to a private data member of a class,

outside the class, which among the following is correct?
a) Return the address of the private data member using a
member function
b) Access the private member using a pointer outside class
c) Declare the member as pointer inside the class
d) Not possible to create pointer to a private member
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: We can call a public member function and
return the address of any private data member. Though the
pointer being returned must be defined inside class itself.
And the returned address can be stored in a pointer.
8. Which among the following is true for use of setter() and

getter() function?
a) Considered best for manipulating data values
b) Considered the only proper way to manipulate the values
c) Considered specially for private members manipulation
d) Considered a red flag, and not recommended for large
scale use
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: This concept of getter and setter functions is
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not acceptable if used too much. This is considered to be

inappropriate in OOP perspective. Though it is commonly
used, it doesn’t work according to OOP concepts at some
higher level of understanding.
9. What is the output of following code?
int n=10; // global

class A()
{
private : int n;
public : int m;
A()
{
n=100; m=50;
}
void disp()
{
cout<<”n”<<m<<n;
};
a) 1050100
b) 1005010
c) n5010
d) n50100
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In cout we have specified n as a string to be
printed. And m is a variable so its value gets printed. And
global variable will not be used since local variable have
more preference.
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10. The static member functions can only use ________

a) Static data members
b) Private data members
c) Protected data members
d) Constant data members
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The static member functions can only access
static data members. This is because the static member
function can’t work with the properties that change object to
object. It is mandatory that only the common properties of
all the objects be used. And only static data members are
common to all as those are property of class.
11. A class can have self-referential data members.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The data members in a class can never refer
to own class type. This is not possible because the data
members should have some memory allocated for its object
before the self-reference is used, but class must call
constructor for that. Hence not possible.
12. What is the keyword used to make data members have

same value?
a) static
b) const
c) double
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d) abstract
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The keyword const can be used anywhere to
make the variable have same value all the time. This
restriction is made to use the same value whenever
required. Also, this can restrict accidental changes.
13. Which data members can be inherited but are private to

a class?
a) Private
b) Protected
c) Protected and Static
d) Privately inherited
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Static member’s inheritance also depends on
the type of specifier they have. Only the protected members
can be inherited but remain private to class. If static
members are defined in private access, they won’t be
allowed for inheritance.
14. The arguments passed to member functions by

reference are considered as data members of class.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: This is a wrong statement. As only the data
defined inside class is considered as its member. But even
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if a variable is passed by reference it would be the same

variable that is outside the class. Hence it can’t be
considered class member.
15. Which among the following is not allowed for data

member declaration?
a) int a;
b) static int a;
c) abstract a;
d) Boolean a;
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The abstract keyword in declaration of data
members is not allowed. This is because the abstract
keyword features can’t be used with the data members of
the class. We can have all other syntax given, but not
abstract.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Object Oriented Programming (OOPs).
To practice all areas of Object Oriented Programming

(OOPs), here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice
Questions and Answers.
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Member Functions - Object Oriented Programm... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Member Functions - Object

Oriented Programming Questions
and Answers
by Manish
7-9 minutes

Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Member
Functions”.
1. Which among the following best describes member

functions?
a) Functions which are defined within the class
b) Functions belonging a class
c) Functions in public access of a class
d) Functions which are private to class
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: We can’t say that only functions which are
defined inside class are member functions. There can be
some inherited functions. Though they doesn’t belong to the
class but are property of the objects once inheritance is
used. So the nearest definition is functions belonging a
class.
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2. How many types of member functions are generally there

in C++?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: There are 5 types of member functions that
are generally provided in C++. Namely, simple, static,
const, inline and friend member functions. Member
functions are specific to classes.
3. How can a static member function be called in main

function?
a) Using dot operator
b) Using arrow operator
c) Using dot or arrow operator
d) Using dot, arrow or using scope resolution operator with
class name
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The member functions can be called using
only the dot operator or the arrow operator. But the static
members can be called using directly the class name
followed by the scope resolution operator and static
member function name. This is useful when you don’t have
any object to call the member.
4. What are inline member funcitons?
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a) Member functions which can be called without object

b) Member functions whose definition is expanded in place
of its call
c) Member functions whose definition is faster than simple
function
d) Member function which is defined in single line
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The member functions whose definition is
expanded at the call, and no jump to function and return
happened, are termed as inline functions. This is used to
make the program faster and more efficient.
5. What happens if non static members are used in static

member function?
a) Compile time error
b) Runtime error
c) Executes fine
d) Executes if that member function is not used
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: There must be specific memory space
allocated for the data members before the static member
functions uses them. But the space is not reserved if object
is not declared. Hence only if static members are not used,
it leads to compile time error.
6. Static member functions _____________

a) Contains “this” pointer for data members
b) Contains “this” pointer if used for member functions
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c) Doesn’t contain “this” pointer

d) Doesn’t contain “this” pointer if member functions are
referred
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The static member functions doesn’t contain
“this” pointer. Static member functions can’t be defined as
const or volatile also. These are restrictions on static
member functions.
7. How to access members of the class inside a member

function?
a) Using this pointer only
b) Using dot operator
c) Using arrow operator
d) Used directly or with this pointer
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The members of a class can be used directly
inside a member function. We can use this pointer when
there is a conflict between data members of class and
arguments/local function variable names.
8. For overloading “( )”, “[ ]” or “->” operators, a class

__________
a) Must use static member functions
b) Must use non-static member functions
c) Must be non-static member and should not be friend of
class
d) Must use static member function or a friend member
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function
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: For overloading those operators for a class,
the class must use non-static member function so that
doesn’t remain common to all the objects, and each object
can use it independently. The friend functions is also
restricted so as to keep the security of data.
9. If a virtual member function is defined, ___________

a) It should not contain any body and defined by subclasses
b) It must contain body and overridden by subclasses
c) It must contain body and be overloaded
d) It must not contain any body and should not be derived
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The virtual functions are defined using virtual
keyword. These are made in order to make all the classes
to define them as the class gets inherited. Increases code
understanding.
10. Member functions of a generic class are

_____________
a) Not generic
b) Automatically generic
c) To be made generic explicitly
d) Given default type as double
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: When generic type is used in a class, the
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functions are automatically generic. This is so because the

functions would use the same type as defined to make the
class generic. The functions will get to know the type of
data as soon as the generic class is used. It’s inbuilt
feature.
11. Member function of a class can ____________

a) Access all the members of the class
b) Access only Public members of the class
c) Access only the private members of the class
d) Access subclass members
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The member functions has access to all the
members of the class. Whenever data members of a class,
which might be private, have to be modified, we make use
of these member functions. This is more secure way to
manipulate data.
12. Which among the following is proper syntax for class

given below?
class A
{
int a,b;
public : void disp();
}
a) void disp::A(){ }
b) void A::disp(){ }
c) void A:disp() { cout<<a<<b ; }
d) void disp:A(){ cout<<a<<b; }
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View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The syntax in option b is correct. We use
scope resolution to represent the member function of a
class and to write its definition. It is not necessary for a
function to have anything in its definition.
13. A member function can _______________ of the same

class
a) Call other member functions
b) Call only private member functions
c) Call only static member functions
d) Call only const member funcitons
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: We can call one function inside another
function to access some data of class. A public member
function can be used to call a private member function
which directly manipulates the private data of class.
14. Which member function doesn’t require any return

type?
a) Static
b) Constructor
c) Const
d) Constructor and destructor
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: All the member functions work same as normal
functions with syntax. But the constructor and destructor
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are also considered as member functions of a class, and

they never have any data type.
15. Which among the following is not possible for member

function?
a) Access protected members of parent class
b) Definition without return type
c) Access public members of subclass
d) Access static members of class
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A member function of a class can only have
the access to the members of its own class and parent
classes if inheritance used. Otherwise a member function
can never access the members of a subclass. Accessing
static members of a class is possible by normal and static
member functions.


8 of 8 3/19/18, 9:34 AM
Local Class - Object Oriented Programming Que... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Local Class - Object Oriented

Answers
by Manish
7-8 minutes

Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Local
Class”.
1. What are local classes?

a) Classes declared inside a package
b) Classes declared inside a function
c) Classes declared inside a class
d) Classes declared inside structure
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The classes declared inside a package are
available to all the functions and classes, hence can’t be
called local. This is somewhat similar concept that we use
to denote variables of a function. The classes declared
inside functions will be local to them.
2. All member functions of a local class must be

___________
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a) Defined outside class body

b) Defined outside the function definition
c) Defined inside the class body
d) Defined at starting of program
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: There is a restriction on where the member
functions of the local class should be define. Those must be
defined inside the class body only. This is to reduce the
ambiguity and complexity of program.
3. Can local class members access/use the general local

variables (except static, abstract etc.) of the function in
which it is defined?
a) Yes, it can access with arrow operator
b) No, it can’t access with dot operator
c) Yes, it can access using dot operator
d) No, it can’t access In anyway
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The local variables of the functions are not
available to the member functions of the class. This is done
to reduce the ambiguity in variables and their access rules.
4. Which type of data can a local class access from the

function in which it is defined?
a) Static and extern
b) Abstract and static
c) Void and extern
d) Const and static
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View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The local classes have this feature to access
the static and extern variables of the function in which those
are defined. This feature is available since these type of
data are common to the program and is created only one
time. Run time creation and destruction of these variables is
not done. The only restriction that may apply is those
members must be constants.
5. Local classes can access the type names and

enumerators defined by the enclosing function.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: This is a little tricky part with local classes.
Though the local class can’t access the general variables of
the function but can access the types that are defined
inside the function. This is because the whole definition of
that type would be existing inside the class.
6. Can static variables be declared inside a local class?

a) Yes, with public access specifier
b) Yes, anywhere as required
c) No, not possible in private access specifier
d) No, not possible anyway
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: No, the static variables can’t be declared
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inside a local class. This is because each time the function

is called, all the variables get created again and are
destroyed as soon as the function is returned. This would
have been possible id the static variable was of function.
7. All the member functions of local classes are

__________ by default.
a) Static
b) Inline
c) Abstract
d) Virtual
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: All the members are defined inside the class
body. And when the member functions are defined inside
the class body, they are made inline by default. If the
definition is too complex, those are made normal functions.
8. The enclosing function has no special access to the

members of local class. (True/False)
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: This is a rule that the enclosing function
doesn’t have any special access to the members of local
class. This is done to maintain the security of class
members. And to adhere to the rules of OOP.
9. Which language can use inheritance with local classes?

a) Kotlin
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b) Java
c) SmallTalk
d) SAP ABAP
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Other language might support inheritance with
local classes but those doesn’t provide all the proper
features of inheritance. Language SAP ABAP provides a
way to implement inheritance with local classes efficiently.
10. How many local classes can be defined inside a single

function?
a) Only 1
b) Only 3
c) Only 5
d) As many as required
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The local classes can be defined as required.
There is no restriction on the number of local classes that
can be defined inside a function. But all those classes must
follow the rules and restrictions.
11. All the data members of local class must be

___________
a) Defined with declaration
b) Defined in constructor
c) Declared and defined in constructor
d) Declared using a member function
View Answer
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Answer: b
Explanation: The data members follow same rules as of
simple classes. Hence the data members must be declared
first. Then their definition must be given using the
constructors.
12. Can two different functions have local class with same
name?
a) Yes, since local
b) No, names must be different
c) No, scope doesn’t work here
d) No, ambiguity arises
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The local classes can have same name if they
belong to different functions. The classes would be local to
those specific functions and hence can have same name.
This is same as that of local variables concept.
13. What is the scope of local class?

a) Within the class only
b) Within the function
c) Within the program
d) One time creation and live till end of program
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The scope of a local class is limited only within
the function definition. The function can use the class as
usual as local variables. The class gets destroyed as soon
as the function is returned.
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14. Can a function, other than the enclosing function of

local class, access the class members?
a) Yes, using object
b) Yes, using direct call
c) Yes, using pointer
d) No, can’t access
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The local classes are local to the specific
enclosing function. Other functions can’t access the class.
Even if the pointers are used, the class must be alive when
the pointer is used. But this will not happen if the enclosing
function is returned.
15. Which among the following is main advantage of using

local classes?
a) Make program more efficient
b) Makes program execution faster
c) Helps to add extra functionality to a function
d) Helps to add more members to a function
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The closest answer is to add more
functionalities to a function or to make some specific
functions to be generic. Adding more members to a function
can be done directly but to add some special functionality
that are encapsulated, can be done using local classes.

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8 of 8 3/19/18, 9:34 AM
Nested Class - Object Oriented Programming Q... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Nested Class - Object Oriented

Answers
by Manish
7-9 minutes

Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Nested
Class”.
1. Which among the following best describes a nested

class?
a) Class inside a class
b) Class inside a function
c) Class inside a package
d) Class inside a structure
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: If a class is defined inside another class, the
inner class is termed as nested class. The inner class is
local to the enclosing class. Scope matters a lot here.
2. Which feature of OOP reduces the use of nested

classes?
a) Encapsulation
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b) Inheritance
c) Binding
d) Abstraction
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Using inheritance we can have the security of
the class being inherited. The sub class can access the
members of parent class. And have more feature than a
nested class being used.
3. How many categories are nested classes divided into?

a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The nested classes are divided into two main
categories. Namely, Static and non-static. The categories
define how the classes can be used inside another class.
4. Non-static nested classes have access to

_____________ from enclosing class.
a) Private members
b) Protected members
c) Public members
d) All the members
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The non-static nested class can access all the
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members of the enclosing class. All the data members and

member functions can be accessed from the nested class.
Even if the members are private, they can be accessed.
5. Static nested classes doesn’t have access to

_________________ from enclosing class.
a) Private members
b) Protected members
c) Public members
d) Any other members
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The static nested class doesn’t have access to
any other members of the enclosing class. This is a rule
that is made to ensure that only the data which can be
common to all the object is being accessed by the static
nested class.
6. The nested class can be declared

___________________
a) Public
b) Private
c) Protected
d) Public, Protected, Private or Package private
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The nested class can be declared with any
specifier, unlike the outer classes which can only be
declared public or package private. This is a flexibility given
for the nested class being a member of enclosing class.
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7. Use of nested class ____________ encapsulation.

a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Doesn’t affect
d) Slightly decreases
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The use of nested class increases
encapsulation as the inner class is getting even more
grouped into the enclosing class. Firstly the class
encapsulate the data, having nested classes can increase
the encapsulation even further.
8. Which among the following is correct

advantage/disadvantage of nested classes?
a) Makes the code more complex
b) Makes the code unreadable
c) Makes the code efficient and readable
d) Makes the code multithreaded
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The use of nested classes make the code
more streamed towards a single concept. This allows to
group the most similar and related classes together and
makes it even more efficient and readable.
9. How to access static nested classes?

a) OuterClass.StaticNestedClass
b) OuterClass->StaticNestedClass
c) OuterClass(StaticNestedClass)
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d) OuterClass[StaticNestedClass].
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Like any other member of the class, the static
nested class uses the dot operator to be accessed. The
reason behind is, the static classes can’t work with
instances, hence we use enclosing class name to access
static nested class.
10. A nested class can have its own static members.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The nested classes are associated with the
object of the enclosing class. Hence have direct access to
the members of that object. Hence the inner class can’t
have any static members of its own. Otherwise the rule of
static members would be violated using enclosing class
instance.
11. How to create object of the inner class?

a) OuterClass.InnerClass innerObject = outerObject.new
InnerClass();
b) OuterClass.InnerClass innerObject = new InnerClass();
c) InnerClass innerObject = outerObject.new InnerClass();
d) OuterClass.InnerClass = outerObject.new InnerClass();
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: An instance of inner class can exist only within
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instance of outer class. To instantiate the inner class, one

must instantiate the outer class first. This can be done by
the correct syntax above.
12. What will be the output of the following code?
public class Test

{
public int a=0;
class innerClass
{
public int a=1;
void innermethod(int x)
{
System.out.println(“value of x = ” + x);
System.out.println(“value of this.x = ” +
this.x);
System.out.println(“value of Test.this.x = ”
+ Test.T=this.x);
}
}
}
public static void main( String args[] )
{
Test t=new Test();
Test.innerClass im=t.new
innerClass();
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im.innermethod(55);
}
a) value of x = 55
value of this.x = 0
value of Test.this.x = 1
b) value of x = 1
value of this.x = 0
c) value of x = 55
value of this.x = 1
d) value of x = 0
value of this.x = 55
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The variable x denotes the parameter of the
function. And this.x is the variable of the inner class.
Test.this.x is the variable of the outer class. Hence we get
this output.
13. Instance of inner class can exist only

_______________ enclosing class.
a) Within
b) Outside
c) Private to
d) Public to
View Answer
Answer: a
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Explanation: The class defined inside another class is local

to the enclosing class. This means that the instance of inner
class will not be valid outside the enclosing class. There is
no restriction for instance to be private or public always.
14. If a declaration of a member in inner class has the same

name as that in the outer class, then ________________
enclosing scope.
a) Outer declaration shadows inner declaration in
b) Inner declaration shadows outer declaration in
c) Declaration gives compile time error
d) Declaration gives run time error
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The inner class will have more preference for
its local members than those of the enclosing members.
Hence it will shadow the enclosing class members. This
process is known as shadowing.
15. A static nested class is _____________ class in

behavior that is nested in another _________ class.
a) Top level, top level
b) Top level, low level
c) Low level, top level
d) Low level, low level
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Top level class encloses the other classes or
have same preference as that of other top level classes.
Having a class inside the top level class is indirectly having
8 of 9 3/19/18, 9:34 AM
a top level class which higher degree of encapsulation.


9 of 9 3/19/18, 9:34 AM

Questions On Class Members & Types

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Data Members - Object Oriented Programming... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...

Data Members - Object Oriented

This set of Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) Multiple

1. What is the term used to indicate the variable and

2. Data members ________________ (C++)

3. Which among the following is true for data members?

4. What should be done for data member to be of user

a) The structure must have been defined before class.

5. How many data members can a class contain?

6. How to access data members of a class?

7. To create a pointer to a private data member of a class,

8. Which among the following is true for use of setter() and

not acceptable if used too much. This is considered to be

9. What is the output of following code?

int n=10; // global

10. The static member functions can only use ________

11. A class can have self-referential data members.

12. What is the keyword used to make data members have

13. Which data members can be inherited but are private to

14. The arguments passed to member functions by

if a variable is passed by reference it would be the same

15. Which among the following is not allowed for data

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Object Oriented Programming

Member Functions - Object

This set of Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) Multiple

1. Which among the following best describes member

2. How many types of member functions are generally there

3. How can a static member function be called in main

4. What are inline member funcitons?

a) Member functions which can be called without object

5. What happens if non static members are used in static

6. Static member functions _____________

c) Doesn’t contain “this” pointer

7. How to access members of the class inside a member

8. For overloading “( )”, “[ ]” or “->” operators, a class

9. If a virtual member function is defined, ___________

10. Member functions of a generic class are

functions are automatically generic. This is so because the

11. Member function of a class can ____________

12. Which among the following is proper syntax for class

13. A member function can _______________ of the same

14. Which member function doesn’t require any return

are also considered as member functions of a class, and

15. Which among the following is not possible for member

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Object Oriented Programming

Local Class - Object Oriented

This set of Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) Multiple

1. What are local classes?

2. All member functions of a local class must be

a) Defined outside class body

3. Can local class members access/use the general local

4. Which type of data can a local class access from the

5. Local classes can access the type names and

6. Can static variables be declared inside a local class?

inside a local class. This is because each time the function

7. All the member functions of local classes are

8. The enclosing function has no special access to the

9. Which language can use inheritance with local classes?

10. How many local classes can be defined inside a single

11. All the data members of local class must be

13. What is the scope of local class?