Tina Walizadah

100551989

Problems Set 1
1.

a) No, we cannot conclude that black is the dominant trait because it is not known if the crosses are
heterozygous or homozygous, so it is possible for the trait to be recessive.

b) No, the crosses suggest one of the parents are heterozygous and other is homozygous recessive.

c) Yes, it is possible to conclude the how the traits are inherited because you can see the differences of
the traits in the F2 generation, and the grey coat showing less frequently than black coat is dominant.

2.

a) (3/4)3 = 0.42

The chances that they will have 3 taster children is 42%

b) [(1/2) * (3/4)]3 = 0.053

The chances that they will have three taster girls is 5%

c) (3/4)3 * (1/2)2 = 0.026

The chances that the first three will be tasters and the last non-tasters is 2%

d) (1/3)=0.33

The chances that they will have a non taster offspring is 33%

3.

a) Based on the information given, the traits long and brown are dominant.

b) L= Long , l= short. B=brown, B= yellow

CROSS 1- LlBb x LlBb

CROSS 2- LlBb x llbb

c) CROSS 1 RESULTS- 45 long and brown, 15 long and yellow, 15 long and brown, and 5 short and yellow
guinea pigs.

CROSS 2 RESULTS- 20 long and brown, 20 long and yellow, 20 long and brown, 20 short and yellow
guinea pigs.
 Tina Walizadah
100551989
4.

a) a) r/r = (1/2) (1/2) = 1/4, Y/y = 1 * 1 = 1, p/p = (1/2) (1/2) = 1/4, t/t = (1/2) *1 = 1/2
r/r; Y/y; p/p; t/t = (1/4) (1/4) (1/2) (1) = 1/32

This means 3.125% of the progeny will have the genotype.

b) r/r = 1/4, Y/y = 1, p/p = 1/4, t/t = 1/2

r/r; Y/y; p/p; t/t = (1/4) (1) (1/4) (1/2) = 1/32

This means that 3.125% of the progeny will have the genotype.

c) 1/4×1×1/4×1/2 = 1/32

1/2×1×1/2×1/2= 1/8

Adding them will give us their combined probability, which is: 1/32+ 1/8 = 0.15625

So, 15.625% of the progeny will have a dominant phenotype for all for traits.

d) R/R = 1/4, r/r = 1/4

R/R or r/r = (1/4) + (1/4) = 1/2

50% of progeny of progeny will be pure breeding for seed shape

e) R/R = 1/4, P/P = 1/4

R/R and P/P = (1/4) (1/4) = 1/16

This means 6.25% of progeny will be pure breeding for round peas and purple flower

f) It is not possible to pure breed all because one of the parents being homozygous or pea colour and
the other one being homozygous recessive for pea colour; the progeny will be heterozygous for the
phenotype pea colour

g) 1/2×1×1/4×1/2 = 1/16

This means 6.25% of the progeny will have the genotype.

5.

Female = +/a; +/b; +/c, Male = +/+; +/b; +/c

Female = a/a; +/b; +/c, Male = +/a; +/+; +/+

Female = a/a; +/b; +/c, Male = +/a; +/b; +/c

 Tina Walizadah
100551989
Female = +/a; b/b; c/c, Male = +/a; +/b; +/+

6.

W= widows peak, w= no widows peak, D- detached ear lobes, d- attached ear lobes

Man: Wwdd, Woman: wwDd

a) ww or dd = (1/2) (1/2) = 1/4

The chance that they will not have widows peak is 25%

b) WwDd = (1/2) (1/2) = 1/4

The chance that they will both have widow’s peak and detached earlobes is 25%

c) Wwdd = (1/2) (1/2) = 1/4

The chance hey will have widows peak and attached ear lobes is 25%

7.
a) Parent cross : XY x XsnXsn
XXsn = (1/2) (1) = 1/2

XsnY = (1/2) (1) = 1/2

This results in the phenotypes of an singled male and unaffected carrier female.

b) Parent cross XsnY x XXsn

XXsn = (1/2) (1/2) = 1/4 = 25%

XsnXsn = (1/2) (1/2) = 1/4 =25%

XY = (1/2) (1/2) = 1/4 =25%

XsnY = (1/2) (1/2) = 1/4 =25%

The cross results in the phenotypes of a unaffected carrier female, a singled male, unaffected male and
a singled male.

c) Parent cross: XY x XXsn

XX = (1/2) (1/2) = 1/4 =25%

XXsn = (1/2) (1/2) = 1/4 =25%

XY = (1/2) (1/2) = 1/4 =25%

 Tina Walizadah
100551989
XsnY = (1/2) (1/2) = 1/4 =25%

The cross results in the phenotypes of a normal female, a normal female carrier, normal male, and a
singled male.

d)
XsnY x XX
XXsn = (1/2) (1) = 1/2

XY = (1/2) (1) = 1/2

Phenotypes: normal carrier female, normal male

8.
Let B = black, O = orange
Parent cross : XOXB x XOY

F1:

XOXO Orange females = 25%

XOXB Tortoise females = 25%

XBY Black males = 25%

XOY Orange males = 25%

9. a)Mating 1

P: BBXchXCH x bbXchY

F1: BbXchY

Mating 2

P: BBXcHXcH x Father: BbXChY

F1: BbXChXcH

b) BbXchY x BbXChXcH

i) XChXch = (1/2) (1/2) = 1/4

XChY = (1/2) (1/2) = 1/4

(1/4) + (1/4) = 1/2 = 50%

 Tina Walizadah
100551989
ii) 0% , it is not possible for them child both blind and haemophilic

iii) XchXcH = (1/2) (1/2) = 1/4

XcHY = (1/2) (1/2) = 1/4

(1/4) + (1/4) = 1/2 = 50%

iv) 0% not possible.

10. B- stripes , b- no stripes

Z linked, ZZ- male, ZW= female

a) parent cross: ZbW x Zb Zb

F1:

ZBZb stripped male=1/2= 50%

ZbW non striped female= 1/2 = 50%

b) Parent cross: ZbWB x ZbZb

F1:

ZbZb Non striped male=1/2=50%

ZbWB Striped female= 1/2= 50%

11.

Population 1

Conclusions

Traits: Eye shape and body colour

Mode of inheritance: Autosomal Dominant/ recessive

Dominant Phenotypes: eyeless eye shape and ebony body colour is dominant

Recessive Phenotypes: Wild Type, and Yellow

Proof
 Tina Walizadah
100551989
Vial 16- 56(1863 to 1918) ( deleted the vials then started again at 16)

Parents: ( eye shape, body color)

M: (vial 0, #2) Eyeless, yellow)

F: (vial 6, #933) Wild Type, Ebony

Eye shape Body Colour F M Total

Eyeless Ebony 14 10 24

Eyeless Yellow 21 11 32

Wild Type Ebony 0 0 0

Wild Type Yellow 0 0 0

Parental genotypes of cross: EEBb x eeBb

You can expect all eyeless flies that are yellow and ebony

Vial 17- 112 Flies ( 1919 to 2033)

Parents: ( eye shape, body color)

M: ( Vial 16, #1895) eyeless yellow

F ( Vial 16, 1875) eyeless ebony

Parental Genotypes

EeBb x EeBb

Expected ratio: 9:3:3:1 ( Eyeless Ebony: Eyeless Yellow: Wild Type: Eyeless Yellow)

Ratio for Ebony and yellow is (3:1)

Ratio for eyeless and wild type is ( 3:1)

When combined it gives a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Eye shape Body Colour F M Total

Eyeless Ebony 23 30 53
 Tina Walizadah
100551989
Eyeless yellow 15 18 33

Wild type Ebony 7 4 11

Wild type yellow 10 8 18

Vial 18 – 189 ( 2034 to 2222)

Parents: Eye Shape, body colour)

M: ( vial 17, #1985) Wild type, Ebony

F: ( Vial 17, #1937) Wild type, Ebony

Parent Genotypes:

eeBB x eeBb

Eye Shape Body colour F M Total

Eyeless Ebony 0 0 0

Eyeless Yellow 0 0 0

Wild Type Ebony 72 72 144

Wild Type Yellow 30 15 45

You can expect all of the flies to be wild type for the eyes, and either ebony or yellow in a 3:1 ratio.

12.

Population 2

Conclusions

Trait: fur length

Mode of inheritance: x- linked dominant/ recessesive

Linkage: Not linked

 Tina Walizadah
100551989
Dominant: Long(XL)

Recessive: Short (XS)

Proof:

Vial 6- 77 mice ( 641 to 717)

Parents: ( fur length)

M: ( Vial 5, #507) short

F: ( vial 5, # 508) long

Fur length F M Total

Long 23 18 41

Short 18 18 36

It is a 1:1:1:1 ratio

Parents crossed is XL XS x XS Y

Chi squared value: 0.97

P value= 0.8

P value> 0.05

This means that it fails to reject the null hypothesis and there is no significant change

Results for Vial-7

Line 7 - 174 mice (718 to 891)

Parents: (Fur Length)
M: (Vial 6, #650) Long
F: (Vial 6, #645) Short

Parents Crossed is XSXS x XLY

 Tina Walizadah
100551989

Fur Length F M Total

Long 91 0 91

Short 0 83 83

You can expect to see all female having long fur and the male having short fur.

Vial 8

Line 8 - 71 mice (892 to 962)

Parents: (Fur Length)
M: (Vial 7, #721) Short
F: (Vial 7, #888) Long

Fur Length F M Total

Long 16 15 31
Short 25 15 40

Parents: (Fur Length)

M: (Vial 7, #721) Short

F: (Vial 7, #888) Long

Fur Length F M Total

Long 16 15 31

Short 25 15 40

You can expect to see 1:1:1:1 ratio

Chi squared value is 3.99

 Tina Walizadah
100551989
P value: 0.3

Since P>0.05 it is not significant and fail to reject null hypothesis.