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May 15-18, 2017, Rotterdam Beurs WTC Congress & Event Center
Minsung Kim
Chung-Ang University
School of Energy Systems Engineering
This document was prepared by staff members of Energy Conversion System Laboratory of School of Energy
Systems Engineering in Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
Energy Balance Flow of Korea 2013 statistics
Overseas Dependence 280.3 mil. Toe 70.6 mil. Toe 205.9 mil. Toe
95.7%(178.7 bil. $) (100%) (25.0%) (75.0%)
Crude Oil
915.1 mil. bbl Refining Industrial
62.2%
Middle East (86%) 3.0 mil. b/d Naphtha etc.
Naphtha etc
⚫ Saudi(31.3%) Industrlal
Industrial
⚫ UAE(12.1%) Oil Town Gas Resource
Resource
⚫ Kuwait(15.3%) 37.8% 22.4%
22.4%
Asia(10.6%) 19.6 mil. ton Residential
Africa(0.9%) 10.2%
Residential/
Commercial
Heat Commercial
Qatar, Oman, Indonesia 7.9%
1,695.0 thou. toe 17.8%
39.9 mil. ton
LNG 18.7%
Australia, China, Transportation
Indonesia Electricity 17.8%
116.3 mil. ton 5,171.5 bil. kwh
Bituminous 27.2% Public
2.2%
Russia, Canada, USA Nuclear 26.8%
795.0 ton U Electricity
Nuclear 10.4% Bituminous 38.0%
LNG 24.7% Industrial 54.0%
China, Australia, Vietnam Oil 6.1%
8.4 mil. ton Residential/ 39.4%
Anthracite 2.1% Anthracite 0.8% Commercial
Hydro 1.7%
Renewable 1.9% Public 6.1%
Domestic Hydro
Production 4.3% Renewable 3.8% Transportation 0.59%
Air Conditioning Industry of Korea - “Future of Air Conditioning”
Energy price
Nat. gas for industry
350 (MWh), GCV Nat. gas for
0.01 household/GDP
300 Nat. gas for (PPP) PC
• The retail prices of natural 250
households (MWh),
GCV
0.008
100
households (MWh)
• People tend to be more 50
0.002
Luxembourg
Hungary
Greece
Korea
United Kingdom
Czech Republic
Italy
New Zealand
Poland
Belgium
Finland
Netherlands
Spain
Germany
Japan
Ireland
United State
Luxembourg
Hungary
Greece
Korea
United Kingdom
Czech Republic
Italy
Poland
Belgium
Finland
Netherlands
New Zealand
Germany
Japan
Spain
Ireland
United State
than the operation cost
Charge ($)
150
⑥
• No progressive tariffs on 100
commercial and industrial
electricity ①
② 50
Market Trend
As a result of the market features
• By sector
- Residential air-conditioning is floor heating and air cooling
- Commercial units requires both heating and cooling function for commercial units
• By source
- High penetration rate and low energy price of natural gas, but much lower electricity price.
- Relatively lower interest on gas-driven air-conditioning other than peak-load control.
Market Characteristics
Korean air-conditioner production
Market structure based on 2015 statistics
(total 1.73M USD)