MARCH 2018

VOL. 76 • NO. 3
ASNT… CREATING A SAFER WORLD!™

ASNT
27th RESEARCH
SYMPOSIUM
Orlando, Florida
26–29 March

Women in NDT
AE Source Localization
Time of Flight Diffraction
Phased Array UT
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING
ESTING
MARCH 2018
VOLUME 76 • NUMBER 3

BACK TO BASICS
310
310 PAUT TEST
Using Iterative Time Reversal for NDT
Inspections on Composite Materials
Daniel Richard

FEATURE

317 NDT Women

Industry Veterans Discuss the
Opportunities, Challenges, and Triumphs of
the NDT Community
Jill Ross

ASNT IN ORLANDO

296 27th ASNT Research Symposium

328 Program and Information
331 Exhibitors Gallery

TECHNICAL PAPERS 500

10
371 AE Source Localization in a Steel Plate 400
S0 A0 9
Frequency (kHz)

8
with the Dispersive A0 Mode based on 300
7
6
the Cross-Correlation Technique and 200
5
4
Time Reversal Principle 131.8
100
3
2
Zenghua Liu, Tuocan Dong, Qiuling Peng, Cunfu He, Qiufeng Li,
1
Bin Wu 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Time (μs)
383 Reliability Investigation of Sizing
Horizontal Planar Discontinuities Using a 371
New Time of Flight Diffraction Technique
B.S. Hayat Gheib, M.J. Ranjbar Naserabadi

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 275

 departments
PERSPECTIVE
ASNT SCOPE
281 President’s Letter
286 Section News “NDT cannot control nature,
but we, the NDT technicians,
287 Society Notes
can do our best to provide
292 Awards and Honors safety.”

296 Society News

283 Director’s Letter
300 2017 ASNT Annual
“ASNT is diligently working to
Business Meeting Minutes
increase the awareness and
306 Certification Memo perception of NDT as being
accessible for all.”
343
308 New ASNT Certificate
Holders
WHAT’S NEW RESOURCES
342 Product Gallery 309 ASNT Exams
343 Spotlight: Guided Wave
Testing 348 Contact ASNT
347 Industry News 354 Corporate Partners
Detection Technology 359 Calendar
Announces ISO 9001:2015;
ISO 14001:2015 Certifications, 391 Classifieds
Aerotech Inspection Expands
391 Service Directory
286 into India
352 New Media 400 Coming Attractions
New Report on Industrial X-ray 400 Ad Index
Inspection System Market

Digital Materials Evaluation content is also available online at

www.asnt.org/materialsevaluation/access.
IN THIS ISSUE Subscription Questions?
Research Symposium ASNT membership includes a one-year
Cover photo credit: subscription to Materials Evaluation.
Institutions, or others who wish to have
Jordan Adkins / a subscription without becoming an
Shutterstock.com ASNT member, may simply subscribe to
the journal through ASNT. To become a
member or subscribe to the journal,
contact ASNT at (800) 222-2768 or
see www.asnt.org/membershipoptions.
Back Issues & Article Copies
Back issues of Materials Evaluation
are available for purchase. See
www.asnt.org/ME for details, or
call (800) 222-2768. Copies of indi-
vidual articles may also be obtained
through ASNT: contact the librarian
at (800) 222-2768 for more
information.
Comments & Suggestions
Letters to the editor are welcome at any
time. Letters that are timely and signifi-
cant may be published in an issue of
Materials Evaluation. Not all letters are
suitable for publication, and ASNT
makes no claim regarding publication
of a given letter. Letters should be
sent to Editor Jill Ross at
jross@asnt.org.

276 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018


VOLUME 76 • NUMBER 3
J OURNAL STAF F
PUBLISHER: Dr. Arnold Bereson
PUBLICATIONS MANAGER: Timothy E. Jones
EDITOR: Jill Ross
ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Haley Cowans
PRODUCTION/LAYOUT: Joy Grimm
RE V IE W B OARD
TECHNICAL EDITOR
Richard H. Bossi, The Boeing Company (retired)
TECHNICAL EDITOR (emeritus)
Emmanuel P. Papadakis, Quality Systems
Concepts
ASSOCIATE TECHNICAL EDITORS
John C. Aldrin, Computational Tools
Ali Abdul-Aziz, Kent State University
Narendra K. Batra, Naval Research
Laboratory (retired)
William C. Chedister, Chedister Associates
John Z. Chen, Schlumberger
Yiming Deng, Michigan State University
John C. Duke, Jr., Virginia Polytechnic
Trey Gordon, SpaceX
Dietmar Henning, Level III Service, LLC
Cara A.C. Leckey, NASA Langley Research Center
Mani Mina, Iowa State University
William E. Mooz, Met-L-Chek Company
Yi-Cheng (Peter) Pan, Therm-O-Disc/Emerson, Inc.
Anish Poudel, Transportation Technology
Center, Inc.
S.I. Rokhlin, The Ohio State University
Donald J. Roth, GE Aviation
Ram P. Samy, NDE Information Consultants
Robert E. Shannon, Siemens Energy, Inc.
(retired)
Steven M. Shepard, Thermal Wave Imaging
Roderic K. Stanley, NDE Information
Consultants
Mike C. Tsao, University of Connecticut –
Avery Point
Glenn A. Washer, University of Missouri
Lianxiang Yang, Oakland University
Reza Zoughi, Missouri University of Science
and Technology
CONTRIBUTING EDITORS
John Z. Chen, Schlumberger (Back to Basics)
Bruce G. Crouse, Inspection Services
Frank A. Iddings, Louisiana State University
(emeritus)
Robert E. Shannon, Siemens Energy, Inc.
(New Patents)
Materials Evaluation (ISSN 0025-5327) is
published monthly by the American Society for
Nondestructive Testing, Inc. Periodical postage
paid at Columbus, Ohio, and additional mailing
offices. Posted under Canadian IPM #0312819.
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to
Materials Evaluation, 1711 Arlingate Lane,
PO Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.
278 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
The American Society for Nondestructive Testing
www.asnt.org
ASN T MI SS I O N STAT E M E N T
ASNT exists to create a safer world by advancing scientific, engineering, and
technical knowledge in the field of nondestructive testing.
SO C IETY O F F I CE R S
CHAIR: David R. Bajula, Acuren Group, Inc., 2018
PRESIDENT: David A. Mandina, Mandina’s Inspection Services, Inc., 2018
VICE PRESIDENT: Scott P. Cargill, Mistras Group, Inc., 2018
SECRETARY/TREASURER: David E. Savoy, Versa Integrity Group, 2018
D IREC TOR S
Mohammed A. Abufour, Saudi Aramco, 2018
Martin T. Anderson, Global Diving & Salvage, Inc., 2019
John Z. Chen, Schlumberger, 2020
B. Boro Djordjevic, Materials and Sensors Technologies, Inc., 2018
John C. Duke, Jr., Virginia Tech University, 2020
Gregory A. Garcia, Evraz North America, 2019
Mohsen Hassanein, Quality Control Co., 2019
Danny L. Keck, KCS Enterprises, 2019
Michael V. McGloin, NDT Enterprises, 2018
Marybeth Miceli, We-NDT, 2019
C. Deal Moore, NDT Seals, Inc., 2020
Yi-Cheng (Peter) Pan, Therm-O-Disc/Emerson, Inc., 2019
William F. Via, Jr., Virginia Department of Transportation, 2019
Materials Evaluation is an archival journal in nondestructive testing/evaluation/inspection. The journal’s
technical articles are refereed by experts in their fields and the papers are abstracted by major technical
abstracting services, including: Acoustic Abstracts; Alloys Index; Aluminum Industry Abstracts; Applied Mechanics
Review; Applied Science and Technology Index; Cadscan; Corrosion Abstracts; Current Contents; Energy Science &
Technology; Engineered Materials Abstracts; Engineering Index; Exploration and Production Health, Safety and
Environment; Gas Processing and Pipelining; Highway Research Info Service; INIS Atomindex; INSPEC, Institution of
Electrical Engineers; ISMEC, Mechanical Engineering Abstracts; Index to Scientific Reviews; International Aerospace
Abstracts; Leadscan; Metals Abstracts; Metals Information; Nondestructive Testing Information Analysis Center;
Nonferrous Metals Alert; Offshore Technology; PASCAL; PIRA; Petroleum Abstracts; Polymers, Ceramics, Composites
Alert; Science Abstracts (Physics Abstracts, Electrical and Electronics Abstracts and Computer and Control
Abstracts); Science Citation Index; Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts; Steels Alert; and Zincscan.
Subscriptions to Materials Evaluation (noncommissionable) to other than members of the Society: $135 per
year domestic; $245 (prepaid) per year international, which includes special handling outside the USA. Single
copy price: $9 for members ($12 for nonmembers), except for Buyers Guide issue in June ($21.25 for members,
$26.50 for nonmembers). Claims for replacement of lost or damaged copies must be made in writing, received
within 60 days of the date of publication. No more than two claims for replacement copies will be honored in a
single year. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright © 2018 by the American Society for
Nondestructive Testing, Inc.
The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. (ASNT) is not responsible for the authenticity or accuracy of
the information herein. Published opinions and statements do not necessarily reflect the opinions of ASNT.
Products or services that are advertised or mentioned do not carry the endorsement or recommendation of ASNT.
IRRSP, NDT Handbook, The NDT Technician and www.asnt.org are trademarks of the American Society for
Nondestructive Testing, Inc. ACCP, ASNT, Level III Study Guide, Materials Evaluation, Nondestructive Testing
Handbook, Research in Nondestructive Evaluation and RNDE are registered trademarks of the American Society
for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.
Authorization to photocopy fee-coded items for internal or personal use or the internal or personal use of
specific clients, is granted by the American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc., for libraries and other users
registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the base fee
of $2.50 per copy plus $1.00 per page is paid directly to CCC, 27 Congress St., Salem, MA 01970; website
www.copyright.com. A fee code (0025-5327/97/$2.50/0) should be used in transactions with CCC and covers
all material to be photocopied beyond that photocopying permitted by Section 107 or 108 of the US Copyright
Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, for adver-
tising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works or for resale.
 PRESIDENT’S
Adventures in NDT
Editor’s note: the following article contains the opinion
of the author and does not necessarily reflect the
opinion of ASNT or its Board of Directors.
TIMES CHANGE AND SO DO PEOPLE, but Mother Nature
does not. As I awake early to catch another business
flight to London, I think back to the days of when going
to work meant getting up at the same time every day. But
then, instead of a first-class seat on a jet, I had a seven-
and-half-hour drive to get to Galveston, Texas, and a one-
hour helicopter ride to the offshore platform.
The shift started like most others. It wasn’t a large
project, and fairly simple work: remove and replace the
electrical cables after installing new supports. Just a
few welds to inspect by magnetic particle and visual
testing. What a relief. No 18-hour days, and plenty of
time to study for my upcoming Level III exams. It was
the perfect job: a no-brainier.
When the storm entered the Gulf of Mexico, it
wasn’t a big deal. I was raised in south Louisiana and
was by no means a rookie when it came to named
storms. Just as predicted, the storm passed south of us
and was headed for landfall in Texas. The one thing
you learn fast in this region, though, is that hurricanes
are not predictable, and it decided to turn back.
The storm sat over the platform for three days. The
window blew out of the standby boat, and it was taking on
water. The boat departed the field (it was later abandoned
and the crew retrieved by the Coast Guard). The only way
off was by boat, and the seas were too rough.
The storm hit hard. The platform swayed three feet
in each direction as the waves hit 40 feet, and the winds
howled like wolves in the night. The eye passed, and the
platform grew eerily still. We walked outside to survey
the damage and felt confident that the platform was safe.
After the passing of the eye, the winds rose. The
fire alarm sounded as the crew ran to see what was
happening. The production deck seemed to be on fire.
A live cable had come loose and was arcing up against
the flare scrubber (usually the largest vessel on the
platform and full of natural gas), and things were
getting out of hand quickly. The construction crew of
40 guys assembled at the emergency capsule
(lifeboat), which was designed for 12 people.
letter
NDT cannot control nature,
but we, the NDT technicians, can do
our best to provide safety.
We had to make a decision quickly: hit the energy
shutdown, possibly releasing the natural gas, or wait. A
quick-thinking crewmember hit the shutdown, and the
platform shut in. The fire was out, but we were all
physically and emotionally spent.
After three more days, we were running low on
food and water. A pilot decided to take a chance and
set off in the high winds to rescue us. The chopper
landed into the wind with the tail rotor just above the
stairway to the helideck. As the last 13 of us crawled
on our bellies to avoid the blade spinning wildly over
our heads, we wondered if getting on the chopper was
the best idea, but soon we landed safety at the heliport.
As we hugged each other—welders, fitters, galley hands,
and production personnel alike—we felt reborn.
There’s always a hero in every good story, and this
one is no exception: 40 years later in a hotel in Houston, I
overheard a gentleman recounting this story and how bad
it was to fly that day (and he called us crazy). I walked over
and introduced myself. Needless to say, I treated him like
Drew Brees after winning the Super Bowl.
This letter is dedicated to all the Level Is and IIs who
risk their lives every day to make the world a safer place,
and the pilots, boat captains and crews, and crane
operators who lift us up to the tops of building and bridges.
After that storm, new laws were enacted to prevent
this type of situation from reoccurring. Now, all
personnel are required to leave offshore platforms prior
to a named storm entering the Gulf. Natural disasters
such as hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes cause
millions of dollars of damage to our aging infrastruc-
ture. NDT cannot control nature, but we, the NDT tech-
nicians, can do our best to provide safety to those we
protect—it is our duty.
DAV ID A . M A N DIN A
2017–2018 ASNT President
president@asnt.org
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 281
 DIRECTOR’S letter
Spirit of Cooperation
SPRING MEANS THE START OF NEW BEGINNINGS AND ENERGY. The ASNT Board has
worked over the winter months to set the groundwork for a fast-paced year of new
engagement opportunities, value-added services to NDT stakeholders, and the revitaliza-
tion of a world-class certification program.
The winter Board meeting was held at the end of January in Columbus. Over the
course of the week, the progress made was impressive and exceptionally encouraging of
what’s to come for the ASNT organization, membership, and future of the NDT community.
The week commenced with the annual one-and-a-half day training workshop that every
new Board member receives so that he or she is prepared to address the mantle of lead- ASNT
ership that Board service requires. Several committee meetings followed, and then the
entire Board and senior staff engaged in an intensive one-day planning meeting to is diligently
discuss key priorities. I must say, it was the best planning meeting I’ve attended since
coming to ASNT. Over 25 people with unique viewpoints put aside their individual biases
working to
and agendas to work on one accord: producing a clear vision of ASNT over the next increase the
several years. I want to thank everyone that participated. While we accomplished quite a
bit, we are by no means done. This was just a prefatory step to develop engagement awareness and
paths and opportunities in not just securing and achieving membership and certification
preeminence but maintaining ASNT’s global NDT leadership position in every juncture. We perception of
were mission driven, deliberate, and specific in our discussions and decisions. This
meeting enabled the Board at its formal meeting the following day to act on the issues
NDT as being
and priorities outlined the day before. accessible for all.
Do you plan your day’s activities with the fervor of the planning meeting? To achieve
any meaningful outcome, a plan must be designed with a goal, measurable steps, evalua-
tions, and presentation of findings, just as the Board planning meeting effected. It is very
easy for us to fall into routines and rote tasks as we move through our days. By starting
each day with a mindset to approach each objective, task, and meeting by participating
deliberately, specifically, and with a focus of “moving the needle,” we are able to find
greater fulfillment in our contributions. This thought can be applied to our personal
outlook as well as professional.
l Personally, are you interacting with your friends and loved ones in a purposeful, mean-
ingful way? Are you walking away from a conversation or encounter feeling as though
you’ve given of yourself in such a way that the other person knows how you value him
or her?
l Professionally, are you providing a level of service that leaves no doubt of your commit-
ment to creating a safer world every day?
A testament to the staying power of ASNT is the passion of its members to be mindful
and mission driven, and to believe in ASNT’s ability to weather economic downturns and
unfavorable regulatory environments, as well as its resilience to rise above personality
disconnects to achieve the ASNT the industry deserves. The Board demonstrated a cohe-
siveness and strength focused on priorities and effecting decisions that are solidly rooted
in the ASNT mission, and galvanized by prudent stewardship of funds and explicit discre-
tion of its authority to act, as elected representatives, in the best interests of all ASNT
members.

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 283

DIRECTOR’S letter
An exemplary display of industry focus,
intention, and planning is the thought
leadership and innovation at the 27th
Research Symposium taking place on
26–29 March. Not only will attendees
glean insight into the future of NDT, but
there will be opportunities to plan mean-
ingful interactions with peers and also be
very mindful and deliberate in lending a
voice to the future of NDT. The town hall
meeting, held at the spring and fall confer-
ences annually, will discuss proposed
changes to the Society bylaws. I would
strongly encourage everyone to attend this
public forum for ASNT membership and let
your opinion be heard.
284 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
ASNT is diligently working to increase
the awareness and perception of NDT as
being accessible for all. The Research
Symposium will include the inaugural
meeting of a special task force to identify
gaps in the education, recruitment, and
retention of women in NDT. Over the next
several months, this ad hoc group will be
canvassing members and the NDT
community worldwide to fully assess the
environment and create actionable steps
in establishing a unified global voice for
women on a world-class platform that
provides the resources for success at every
industry touchpoint.
Look forward to next month’s Materials
Evaluation featuring an update to the
strategic plan, “A Global Vision,” as a
result of the diligent work of the planning
committee. Make sure you read how we
continue to drive the mission forward in
innovative ways. I look forward to seeing
you in Orlando. As always, I welcome your
thoughts.
DR. ARNOLD “ARNY” BERESON
ASNT Executive Director
abereson@asnt.org
 ASNT Scope
provides readers with
updates on ASNT
members, sections, and
section news
activities. We depend on
member contributions
for this section. Send
updates, announcements,
and photos regarding
your Section, people, Capital of Texas analysis. M&M Engineering was recently
awardees, obituaries, AUSTIN, TEXAS acquired by Acuren and uses them to
and other updates to The Capital of Texas Section met on provide advanced NDT to support failure
presaward@asnt.org. 15 November 2017 at M&M Engineering analysis in many different components
Please include Scope Associates in Leander, Texas, for a tour across differing industries. Quintero
News in the subject line,
and discussion of the importance of failure showed the group the metallurgical tools
and your name and
analysis. The tour guide, Oscar Quintero used by M&M Engineering, including
contact information.
(MS in Metallurgy and Materials section preparation, electron microscopes,
Engineering from the University of Texas at and automated microhardness testing. Six
El Paso [UTEP]), worked for Bell Helicopters members and guests attended the tour,
and Delphi Automotive Systems and has which lasted about an hour and a half.
extensive experience in root cause
SECTION HIGHLIGHT

Six students and

Section advisor Rand
Ernst traveled to the
ASNT Annual
Conference, where
students were able to
meet national ASNT
leaders, network with
industry profes-
sionals, and learn
about new NDT
technology.

Thanks to the sponsors and players that participated in the George Pherigo Memorial Golf
Tournament, the North Carolina Student Section was able to send a group of six students
and Section advisor Rand Ernst to the ASNT Annual Conference. From left: Sport Frazier,
Simon Trinidad, Zachary Baze, Ashley Stowe, Tamra Culp, Thomas Johnson, and Rand Ernst.

286 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018


Oscar Quintero (kneeling), pictured here with members and guests of the Capital of Texas
Section, provided a tour of M&M Engineering Associates to the Section.
Charlotte
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA
On 13 November 2017 the Charlotte
Section met at Sticky Fingers Ribhouse in
Concord, North Carolina, for a monthly
meeting. The Section had anticipated a
guest speaker who was unable to attend
due to an unexpected business trip, but
thankfully Dick Hooper was able to provide
Charlotte Section Chair Robert Smilie (right)
pictured with Dick Hooper (left), who gave a
presentation to the Section during its
13 November meeting.
Society
Notes
a presentation on “Nuclear Power Plant
Design and Assembly.” The Section had a
total of 12 members (including two
students) attend this monthly meeting.
Discussion about budget, potential
student scholarships, and the annual
Christmas party were held prior to the
technical presentation.
Chicago
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
The Chicago Section met on 11 December
2017 and held an “End of the Year”
meeting and party. The year was recapped,
with the following highlights noted: the
advancement of the Section’s student
outreach program; the establishment of a
scholarship fund; the increase in atten-
dance at the educational meetings; the
individual awards conferred on members
at the Annual Conference; and the presen-
tation to the Section for achieving Gold
Status in the President’s Award.
The 17 attendees were challenged by a
quiz on ASNT and Chicago Section history,
along with various technical questions.
Stuart A. Kleven of Alloyweld Inspection
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION
Register Now for the
Section Leaders
Conference
The Section Leaders Conference
(SLC), is scheduled for 22–23 June
2018 in Columbus, Ohio. Visit event
site at asnt.org/SLC18 for more
information.
NDT Buyers Guide
The June issue of Materials
Evaluation includes our Annual
Buyers Guide, one of the most
comprehensive NDT directories in
the industry. The guide is mailed to
over 15 000 subscribers and ASNT
members, and is available on
asnt.org all day, every day. A
basic listing in the ASNT Buyer’s
Guide is free and upgrades can be
purchased for as little as $99 per
year.  Visit asnt.org and click on
“Buyers Guide” to update your
profile by 1 April 2018. All printed
information in the June issue of
Materials Evaluation will be based
on your digital listing.  Contact Diane
Oen at doen@asnt.org or
(614) 384-2459 with any questions.
Upcoming Standards
Development Meeting
The next Standards Development
Committee meeting is Sunday,
25 March 2018 at the 27th ASNT
Research Symposium in Orlando,
Florida. More information is available
online at asnt.org or by emailing
Charles Longo (clongo@asnt.org).
Come to this meeting to be part of
ASNT’s voice in national and interna-
tional standards development.
SNT-TC-1A Subcommittee
Announcement
Per the ASNT Board of Directors’
motion on 16 March 2017, the
SNT-TC-1A Review Committee
(previously part of the Technical &
Education Council) is now the
SNT-TC-1A Subcommittee under the
Standards Development Committee
(SDC).
287
section news

took home the first prize, an Amazon

gift card; Sal Razi of Moraine Valley
Community College won the second place
prize (donated by the Section); and David
R. Atkins of Unified Engineering took home
third prize (from the host venue, Crazy Pour).
Also discussed were the plans for 2018,
including an upcoming adult education
class, the DuPage Area STEM Expo, more
student outreach program school visits, and
the “Dig Deep, Fly High” recruitment efforts.

Hampton Roads
NEWPORT NEWS, VIRGINIA Attendees of the Hampton Roads Section’s 14 November meeting enjoyed a presentation on
The Hampton Roads Section met on training and a briefing on the Annual Conference.
14 November 2017 to hear LeDon C.
Watkins present a briefing on the training
he performs as a Hellier instructor. Six
members and one guest attended. Bill Via, The retrospection discussion included India
regional director, briefed the membership participation in the November 2017 Kailua CHENNAI, INDIA

on the Annual Conference. The 2016–2017
Bronze President Award was delivered at
this meeting.
Hawaii
HONOLULU, HAWAII
The Hawaii Section held its December
quarterly meeting on 7 December 2017, at
Buzz’s Original Steakhouse in Pearl City,
Hawaii. In attendance were 10 members
and guests. The agenda included the 2017
retrospection, action items, the 2018
schedule, and the January potluck picnic.
High School Career Fair and the receipt of
a Section rebate. The action items discus-
sion focused on the Section newsletter. A
January 2018 issue is planned. Members
are requested to provide a roster of recipi-
ents, including a list for their clients. Editor
Jayme J. Martin will provide interview
questions to two veteran members to
answer for the newsletter. The planned
2018 quarterly meetings will be on
8 March, 7 June, 6 September, and
6 December. A January potluck picnic
had been in the works at a Pearl City park.
The India Section successfully conducted
its third technical meeting of the year on
26 November 2017 at the Courtyard by
Marriott Hyderabad. There were nearly
30 members in attendance, and the
meeting was chaired by Loganathan
Thangavel, the vice chair of the Section.
The secretary gave an overview of the
2016–2017 activities of the Section to the
members. The technical talk was given by
Mallu Venkata Reddy from Defence
Research and Development Laboratory,
and was titled “Advanced Radiography

The India Section’s third technical meeting of the 2017–2018 year included a talk on radiographic testing on aerospace components.

288 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018

Attendees of the 29 November 2017 meeting of the Metro NY/Northern New Jersey Section enjoyed a presentation on the role of NDE in
pipeline construction and maintenance.
Testing on Aerospace Components.” The
meeting was sponsored by C/MOS
Processors, a channel partner of GE.
Metro NY/Northern New Jersey
ROCKVILLE CENTRE, NEW YORK
The Metro NY/Northern New Jersey Section
held a meeting on 29 November 2017 at
the Press 195 Restaurant in Rockville
Center, New York. Section Chair Toni Bailey
opened the meeting with officer introduc-
tions. After dinner Larry E. Mullins, Sr.
gave a presentation on the role of NDE in
pipeline construction and maintenance,
which was an informative topic that is
relevant to the modern NDT field. Mullins
was a great speaker, and the presentation
seemed to capture everyone’s attention;
attendees were surprised by the mileage
The Mohawk Hudson Section held a meeting on 19 December 2017 that included a presentation on wind turbine blade technologies.
of pipeline that is laid underground
within North America, and how much
work is involved with regards to main-
taining it. The meeting also included a
raffle giveaway.
Miami Valley
C I N C I N N AT I , O H I O
The Miami Valley Section met on
8 November 2017 at Miami Valley
Gaming for a very informative presentation
titled “Advances in Resonant Ultrasound
Spectroscopy for Materials and Component
Characterization,” by Rasheed Adebisi,
from the University of Dayton Research
Institute. Eighteen members came out
for the presentation.
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION
Mohawk Hudson
S C H E N E C T A D Y, N E W Y O R K
The Mohawk Hudson Section held a
meeting on 19 December 2017 at the Van
Dyck Restaurant and Lounge with 35 members
and guests in attendance. The meeting
included a presentation titled “Advances
In Wind Turbine Blade Technologies” by
Shridhar Nath of GE Global Research in
Schenectady, New York. As wind blades are
getting longer and longer, the industry is
looking at new ways to design and manufac-
ture these blades to keep them cost competi-
tive. The talk covered new technologies being
introduced for the next generation of wind
turbine blades. Materials, additive manufac-
turing, instrumentation, automation, and
inspection technologies were some of the
topics discussed.
289
section news
Narragansett Bay
PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND
The Narragansett Bay Section held a
meeting on 28 November 2017 at the
Atwood Grill in Johnston, Rhode Island.
290 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
There were 30 members in attendance.
Region 11 Director Brenda L. Collins of
Sherwin, Inc. gave a talk on liquid
penetrant inspection and its applications.
Region 1 Director John P. Moran and ASNT
Past President John A. Stringer were also
in attendance. All attending enjoyed the
talk and asked many questions.
North Alabama
HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA
The North Alabama Section held a meeting
on 14 November 2017 at the Redstone
Arsenal Test Center. The meeting consisted
of a technical discussion and tour, in
which attendees were able to view and
discuss radiographic and computed
tomography images of hardware, as well
as the test facility and inspection
equipment setups.
North Carolina Student
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA
On 28 October 2017, six students from the
North Carolina Student Section and
Section advisor Rand Ernst traveled to the
ASNT Annual Conference in Nashville,
Tennessee. While attending the confer-
ence, students visited the Exhibit Hall and
were able to see the vast scope of the
industry and be exposed to the new NDT
technology available. Students met
national leaders of ASNT and had the
opportunity to network with industry
professionals and potential employers. The
trip was fruitful, as all students attending
received at least one job offer. The Annual
Conference was a great experience for all
the students, and was made possible due
to the participation of sponsors and
golfers in the annual George Pherigo
Memorial Golf Tournament.
On 30 November 2017, students and
faculty from CPCC held a meeting to
discuss the upcoming George Pherigo
Charity golf tournament. This will be the
11th annual tournament and will be held
Thursday, 19 April 2018, which is a
change from the usual fall date. General
details were discussed, as well as other
ways to help raise money for the North
Carolina Student Section. All raised money
goes toward students making the trip to
the ASNT Annual Conference, where
students have always been able to find
interviews and job opportunities. Last fall
the Section raised enough money for up to
nine students to make the trip to
Nashville, thanks to generous donations.
Old Dominion
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA
On 27 November 2017, the Old Dominion
Section held a technical meeting at
Calabash Seafood in Mechanicsville,
Virginia. Section member Robert E.
Campbell, Jr. gave a presentation on
revisions to the AWS B1 publications.
Campbell, who is the chair of the B1
subcommittee, covered numerous topics,
including the revision process to comply
with ANSI, documents under revision, and
attempts to combine several documents
into a useful publication.
Pacific Northwest
SE ATT L E , WA S H I N GTO N
The Pacific Northwest Section held a
meeting on 13 November 2017 at the Old
Spaghetti Factory in Tukwila, Washington.
Twenty-two attendees enjoyed a presenta-
tion by two speakers from VJ Technologies:
Robert Maziuk (Level III RTR, who manages
the high energy DR/CT facility in East
Haven, Connecticut), and Mel Herrera
Pacific Northwest Section Chair Kathy
Ferguson (right) presented Robert Maziuk
(left) and Mel Hererra (center) speaker gifts
for their presentation on electronics and
high-energy computed tomography at the
Section’s 13 November meeting.
The Southern Africa Section held its last meeting of 2017 at Fahrenheit Seafood and Grill.
From left: Section Treasurer Johannes Stephanus Beukes, Section Vice Chair Benjamin Beetge,
Section Secretary Elaine MacDonald, Section Past Chair Garth Appel, and Section Chair Simon
Neil Wilding.
(from the regional sales department).
Maziuk and Herrera gave a presentation on
the current state of computed tomography
(CT) and showed how an entire car can be
imaged to reveal all of the different
materials inside. CT imaging has improved
greatly and is also capable of finding
porosity in plastics and metals in addition
to identifying cracks.
The Section held a meeting on
11 December 2017 at the Old Spaghetti
Factory that included a presentation on
NDT automation. Automation is an ever-
expanding part of NDT technology,
increasing both speed and accuracy of
jobs and changing some of the skills
required, which is creating more opportu-
nity to learn and advance in particular
disciplines and fields of interest. Brian
Ruhl and Whitney Moon from Genesis
Systems Group, LLC made a presentation
that was both interesting and educational.
The evening was made more festive by the
Board giving each of the 32 people in
attendance a beautiful Christmas mug
filled with candy. Everyone enjoyed the
meeting while making connections and
new friendships with other NDT folks.
Southern Africa
JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA
The Southern Africa Section held its
Christmas dinner and final meeting of
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION
2017 at Fahrenheit Seafood and Grill in
Benoni. There were a lot of achievements
during the year, including three well-
attended technical evenings, a great
family fun day, the most successful golf
day to date, and another ASNT Bronze
Award. Everyone is very excited for the
upcoming year.
United Arab Emirates
D U B A I , U N I T E D A R A B E M I R AT ES
The United Arab Emirates Section held a
board meeting in Dubai on 9 December
2017. The meeting was attended by seven
members. Topics covered included
creating a new Section logo with the assis-
tance of the ASNT International Service
Center, promoting ASNT to nonmember
companies, and the Section yearbook. w x
Correction
On page 17 of the January 2018 issue
of Materials Evaluation, Clyde W. May
was incorrectly identified as Clyde
Mays. May gave a presentation to the
Cleveland Section on 16 October; the
meeting was described in the Section
News department.
Materials Evaluation regrets this error.
291
awards & honors
David Blosser David L. Culbertson
Mentoring Recognition
2017 winner David R. Blosser is the acting
CEO and QA Manager of Kinetic Solutions,
LLC, a full-service inspection, training, and
consulting company specializing in NDT
instruction, mechanical integrity program
management, and third-party Level III NDT
program management. He is a member of
the Minnesota Section of ASNT and serves
on the Magnetic Flux Leakage Committee.
Blosser began a career in testing and
materials evaluation in 1999 on the North
Slope of Alaska, amassing certifications to
many national standards including ASNT
Level III, API 510/570/653/580, NAS 410
Level 3, and AWS Certified Welding
Inspector. Having worked with many major
oil and gas exploration companies
(including Conoco Phillips, BP, Chevron,
and Hilcorp Alaska), refineries (POET
Ethanol, REG), diving and salvage
companies (Global Diving, American
Marine), fabrication companies (Peak,
ASRC, Northern Solutions, CH2MHILL), and
nondestructive testing/inspection
companies (Acuren, Mistras, TEAM) along
the way, he has secured a reputation as
being among the most knowledgeable and
292 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
Juan R. Diaz
reliable mechanical integrity/quality
assurance specialists in North America.
Blosser studied business administration
(major) and linguistics (minor) at
Washington University in St. Louis, the
Goethe Institut in Goettingen, Germany,
the University of Phoenix, and the
University of Alaska Anchorage.
2017 winner David L. Culbertson is the
founder and president of NDT Technical
Services, Inc., a consulting, training, and
technical services company that designs
nondestructive testing training programs
and provides consulting services to meet
customers’ specific needs. Culbertson
performs quality audits and third-party
arbitrations, and has provided expert
testimony during litigation.
Culbertson, a past president of ASNT
(1996–1997), has been a member of the
Society and affiliated with the Greater
Houston Section for 47 years. He has been
an actively involved leader of the Section,
having served as secretary, vice chair, and
chair of the Section from 1980 through
1982. He also cofounded the Section’s
Gerald E. Smith Memorial Scholarship
program. Culbertson was a member of the
ASNT Board of Directors from 1991 to
Jerry Fullin William H. Spaulding
1994, serving as the secretary/treasurer,
vice president, president, and chairperson
of the board from 1994 through 1998. He
has also served on the Governance
Committee for more than 25 years (serving
as chair for 16 years), along with several
other ASNT committees.
Culbertson also organized and
cofounded ASNT’s International Chemical
Petroleum Industry Inspection Technology
topical conference in 1988, and has
continued to play key leadership roles for
the conference, including serving as the
keynote speaker in 2013 and plenary
speaker in 2015. Culbertson was also
instrumental in other ASNT activities,
including developing the “Organizing
Topical Conferences and Revenue Sharing
Policy” and the ACCP NDT Level II program.
He is an ASNT Fellow (class of 1985), and
was awarded the Charles N. Sherlock
Meritorious Service Award in 2005 and the
Philip D. Johnson Honorary Member Award
in 2012.
Culbertson retired from El Paso
Corporation, a natural gas pipeline
company, in 2012 after 42 years as the
NDE Principal and Radiation Safety Officer.
At El Paso, he functioned as their technical
specialist and advisor on matters of
nondestructive testing, quality assurance,
and welding inspection. He has 47 years
of in-depth experience in nondestructive
testing and welding inspection within the
pipeline, tubing, and chemical petroleum
industries. In addition to his work with
ASNT, Culbertson currently serves in many
key leadership roles on committees for the
American Welding Society, American
Petroleum Institute, US Department for
Transportation (PHMSA), and NDTMA.
2017 winner Juan R. Diaz is the president
of Testing Services & Inspection, Inc.,
which was established in 1981 and is
located in San Diego, California. Diaz
holds employer-based Level III certification
in PT, UT, MT, and VT. He is a member of
the San Diego Section and has served as
its chair, vice chair, and on its educational
committee. During his involvement in the
educational committee during the early
1980s, ASNT held a competition for the
local sections to recruit the most
members, and in 1983, the San Diego
Section was awarded first place for most
members recruited. Diaz has also served
on the Ground Penetrating Radar
Committee.
Diaz was born and raised in Corpus
Christi, Texas. In 1968, he graduated from
Del Mar College Technical School in welding
and metallurgy. He also joined the US Army
in 1968, and was deployed to Alaska. He
attended the University of Alaska, studying
in the metallurgy department.
In 1972, Diaz moved to San Diego,
California. His nondestructive testing
career began in 1974 at National Steel &
Ship Building (a San Diego, California
division of General Dynamics), where he
served as a liquid penetrant and magnetic
particle Level I technician. For advance-
ment, Diaz immediately started taking
nondestructive courses in the evenings in
radiography and ultrasonic testing at San
Diego Mesa College. He achieved an
associate of arts degree in quality control
inspection.
In addition to his work with ASNT, Diaz
has served as a board member of the
American Welding Society.
2017 winner Jerry Fulin has served the
NDT community as an independent NDT
consultant for the past two years. He
currently holds ASNT NDT Level III certifica-
tion in RT, UT, MT, PT, and VT. He has been
a member of ASNT since 1983 and has
held all officer positions for the Greater
Houston Section, and continues to serve
as a director for the Section. He also
served on the ASNT Board of Directors
from 2011 through 2014, and is currently
serving as the Section Operations Council
management division chair.
Fulin’s previous employment was with
Fugro Consultants, Inc., where he was the
corporate NDT Level III. There he provided
training, certification, and procedure devel-
opment for the company’s services in the
petrochemical industry in the Houston
area. Prior to his work at Fugro, Fulin was
the corporate NDT Level III for Weldsonix,
Inc., which provided automatic UT inspec-
tion for pipeline construction. Before this,
Fulin was with Tennessee Gas Pipeline
Company for a period of 32 years. There he
spent 15 years on the pipeline, and the
last 15 years in their research lab
providing NDT services, developing
training classes, and training.
Fulin served in the US Army from
1967 to 1969, and was promoted to staff
sergeant (E-6) prior to being deployed to
Vietnam, where he received two Bronze
Star Medals.
Fulin’s initial training was for computer
technology, and he graduated from Control
Data Institute in 1966. After being
discharged from the army, he continued
taking night classes at a local community
college to advance his education; addition-
ally, he instructed evening classes in elec-
tronics and electricity at this community
college. From 1999 to 2002 he also
instructed NDT classes for Lone Star
College in Houston, Texas.
2017 winner William H. Spaulding is the
owner of GSW Level 3 Services, an NDT
consulting business. He holds Level III
certification in NR, PT, RT, UT, MT, and ET.
Spaulding worked at Garrett/Allied-
Signal/Honeywell (the same company) for
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 293
awards & honors
50 years. He served as the Aerospace
Level 3 Examiner for 300 global NDT
persons, and was the director for QA
special processes, auditing, NDT, and
quality systems. He established the
Honeywell “NDE NETWORK,” with all site
Level 3 personnel reporting to a single
management. The end result was a
common/standardized NDT process that
reduced duplication, prevented errors, and
resulted in significant cost savings. He also
established the Honeywell Supplier Level 3
certification process (now known as the
Source Certifying Agent program). While
working for Honeywell, Spaulding certified
over 500 supplier Level 3 personnel, and
he is currently approved for Honeywell to
support their supplier base.
294 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
Spaulding wrote six NDT books for
Honeywell, which were study guides. He
also coauthored ASNT Level II Study Guide:
Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, second
edition, and ASNT Level II Study Guide:
Radiographic Testing Method, second
edition. In 1998, he received a US patent
via Honeywell for manipulator systems
used for real-time X-ray. He has also
presented technical papers on computer
image enhancement on radiographic
media and advanced eddy current testing
of bearing components at ASNT confer-
ences, as well as authored numerous
trade/quality magazine articles on NDT
technologies.
About the Mentoring Recognition
Mentoring is an important activity that the
Section Operations Council of ASNT honors
by offering an award to outstanding
mentors of the past and present. Realizing
that mentors have probably touched every
person in the Society at some time, this
recognition may be presented to more
than one honoree. The maximum number
of recipients in any given year will be five.
The Mentoring Recognition was estab-
lished to recognize those people in the
Society working to encourage others to
reach goals they may have otherwise not
sought and to offer the rest of the
membership an example of what they
could be accomplishing by acting as
mentors. w x
society news
27th ASNT Research Symposium
Researchers, innovators, and leaders from
myriad areas of NDE will come together for
the 27th ASNT Research Symposium, held
26–29 March at the DoubleTree by Hilton
Hotel at the Entrance to Universal in
Orlando, Florida. The Research Symposium
serves as a nexus for the newest ideas
and advancement in NDE, connecting
groundbreaking research to engineering
practices and technology advancements in
one exciting event. The theme of this
year’s symposium, “Advancing NDE
Technologies, Research, and Engineering
in a Changing World,” aims to bridge gaps
and build knowledge between these
important areas of NDE. Between the short
courses, technical program, lectures, and
exhibits, participants will be able to learn,
network, and share their own knowledge
to help advance and strengthen the field
of NDE.
Although perhaps best known for its theme parks, Orlando offers visitors a mix of cultural attractions, sports and recreation, and natural
beauty (Photo credit: Susanne Pommer / Shutterstock.com).
296 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
The 27th Research Symposium is
chaired by Anish Poudel, of Transportation
Technology Center, Inc., with Ehsan
Dehghan-Niri, of New Mexico State
University, serving as vice chair, and
supported by a program committee of
more than 30 ASNT members active in
NDE research and development.
Technical Program
This year’s Research Symposium includes
three invited presentations along with
more than 80 20-minute presentations
that cover a variety of NDE research and
development, including the following:
additive manufacturing, aerospace
materials, civil infrastructure, composites,
digital imaging/radiography, emerging NDE
methods, modeling and simulation,
railroads, NDE reliability, pipes and
pipelines, structural health monitoring,
thermal testing, and ultrasonic testing.
The Research Symposium will also
include two short courses, both held on
Monday, 26 March. The first course, titled
“Active Thermography for NDT,” will be
held from 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and
taught by Steven Shepard, of Thermal
Wave Imaging, Inc. The course will provide
an overview of thermography and the
types of applications that are best suited
for this technique, with the intention of
enabling technicians and managers to
know when to apply thermography, learn
to evaluate and interpret data, and make
recommendations of basic acquisition
parameters.
The second course, titled “An
Introduction to Structural Health
Monitoring,” will be held from 1:00 p.m.
to 5:00 p.m. and taught by Charles Farrar,
of Los Alamos National Lab. This course
is designed for engineers, and will give
attendees an overview of structural health
monitoring (SHM), including its develop-
ment, distinction from NDE, and how to
implement the new technologies, data
features, and statistical classification tools
to move toward more continuous online
monitoring.
Meetings
The Research Symposium includes Board,
council, and committee meetings, many of
which are open to conference attendees.
This is a great opportunity to reconnect
with members of ASNT committees and
keep up-to-date on committee activities.
Members can interact with ASNT leader-
ship on issues important to the industry
and the Society at the ASNT Town Hall
Meeting, which takes place after the
technical program on Wednesday.
Lectures
The 27th Research Symposium will include
three lectures. The Keynote Lecture will
kick off the first full day of the Symposium
on Tuesday, 27 March. The presentation,
titled “Acoustic Emission Nondestructive
Evaluation and Structural Health
Monitoring Applications,” will be given by
Eric von Krumreig Hill, of Aura Vector
Consulting. Wednesday, 28 March, will
begin with the 2018 Research Recognition
for Sustained Excellence Lecture, given by
John C. Duke, Jr., of Virginia Tech University
and titled “Detecting and Tracking
Damage.” The 2018 Research Recognition
for Innovation Lecture, titled “My 27 Years
of Innovations in NDE: From Inventor’s
School to Development of a New NDE
Method,” will be given by Sergey
Vinogradov on Thursday, 29 March.
Student Participation
To help enable students to take advantage
of the educational and networking resources
that the Research Symposium provides, the
Society has offered travel reimbursements
of $1000 each to 15 students (the deadline
to apply for this reimbursement ended in
December). The Symposium is a great
opportunity for students to connect with
academic and industry leaders, especially
through the mentoring program, which has
helped many ASNT and NDE leaders garner
important contacts and experiences early
in their careers. This year’s Symposium
will also include a special tutorial for
student attendees titled “Overview of
Nondestructive Evaluation,” presented
by John C. Duke, Jr.
ASNT’s Day of STEM
ASNT will be holding a Day of STEM
workshop for high school students and
teachers during the Symposium. On
Tuesday, 27 March, local area teachers
and students will be invited to participate
in a free daylong workshop. The workshop
is designed to introduce students to the
importance of NDT and the opportunities
that a career in NDT offers. Participants will
get to engage in hands-on activities and
NDT method demonstrations. Space is
limited to the first 150 students and
teachers who register.
Exhibits
The exhibit hall is a great way to see the
latest NDE research put into action through
equipment, technology, and services.
Exhibitors are scheduled to showcase their
latest products in the form of face-to-face
interactions with conference attendees.
Universal’s CityWalk features a variety of dining, shopping, and live entertainment (Photo
credit: Kamira / Shutterstock.com).
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION
This is a great opportunity to network with
industry leaders and see how NDE tech-
niques are being applied in the field.
Companion Program
The Companion Program includes a conti-
nental breakfast Monday through Thursday
from 9:00 to 10:30 a.m., as well as local
speakers, an optional tour of Orlando, and
door prizes each day.
Symposium Venue
The DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel at the
Entrance to Universal Orlando is located
within 20 miles of Orlando International
Airport, and is within walking distance to
the attractions that comprise the Universal
Orlando Resort™. The hotel features
5852 m2 (63 000 ft2) of meeting space,
along with complimentary high-speed
internet and a business center. In addition
to a Starbucks coffee shop, the hotel also
has four restaurants on property: American
Grill offers a wide variety of American food,
with the grilled cheese sandwiches as a
noted highlight; Pompanos Restaurant
serves an American breakfast buffet along
with lunch specials; the Courtyard Deli
provides snacks, sandwiches, pizza, and
burgers as both a sit-down or takeout
option; and the Lakeside Pool Bar offers
snacks and frozen drinks by the swimming
297
society news
The Symposium is within walking distance to Universal Studios Resort, which includes two theme parks, a water theme park, and an
entertainment district (Photo credit: Michael Gordon / Shutterstock).
The Coca-Cola Orlando Eye, the tallest observation wheel on the East Coast of the United
States, takes guests up to 121 m (400 ft) in enclosed air-conditioned capsules (Photo credit:
Zhukova Valentyna / Shutterstock).
pool. As a Universal Partner Hotel, the
DoubleTree by Hilton offers its guests free
scheduled transportation to the Universal
Orlando™ parks, along with discounts for
select food, nonalcoholic beverages, and
merchandise within the resort.
Orlando
Orlando is famous for its theme parks, and
attendees of the Research Symposium will
find themselves at the entrance of one
such destination, Universal Orlando Resort.
The resort includes two theme parks,
298 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
Universal Studios Florida™ and Universal’s
Islands of Adventure™, along with the new
water theme park Volcano Bay™. For infor-
mation about purchasing tickets, readers
can visit the Universal Orlando Resort
website at universalorlando.com.
For those not wanting to pay for park
admission, the Universal Orlando Resort also
includes CityWalk, a complex featuring a
variety of dining, shopping, nightlife, and live
entertainment, as well as a movie theater
and a mini-golf course. The dining options
offer something for every mood, with
restaurants ranging from fast-casual options
to upscale dining experiences. CityWalk also
features Blue Man Group, a unique
theatrical experience that incorporates
music and comedy with colorful visuals.
While the offerings of Universal
Orlando Resort will be within walking
distance to Symposium attendees, there is
certainly much more to see and do in the
city of Orlando. The DoubleTree by Hilton is
on the I-Ride Trolley route, which services
the variety of attractions, shopping, and
restaurants along International Drive and
the surrounding area (known as the I-Drive
Resort Area). A highlight of I-Drive is
the Coca-Cola Orlando Eye, the tallest
observational wheel on the East Coast of
the United States at 121 m (400 ft).
Orlando also includes numerous golf
courses, cultural attractions, natural
beauty, and a wide variety of dining. The
Symposium is also a 20-minute drive away
from Walt Disney World Resort® and a
one-hour drive from Kennedy Space
Center. wx
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Facts for this article were provided by the
DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel at the Entrance to
Universal Orlando, Universal Studios Resort,
Visit Florida, Visit Orlando, Coca-Cola Orlando
Eye, I-Drive Resort Area, and the I-Ride Trolley.
To access links to more information about the
Symposium and Orlando attractions, please
view this article on the digital edition of
Materials Evaluation.
society news
2017 ASNT Annual Business
Meeting Minutes*
The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. 2017 Annual Conference,
30 October 2017 — Nashville, Tennessee
1. Call to Order — Kevin D. Smith, Chairperson of the
Board
Smith called the meeting to order at 2:10 p.m. and made
introductions of the Officers, Past Presidents, and
Dignitaries.
1.1 Quorum: Secretary/Treasurer Scott P. Cargill estab-
lished the presence of a quorum, with 61 members in
attendance, representing 24 sections.
1.2 Appointment of Tellers: Smith appointed Michael V.
McGloin and William F. Via, Jr. as tellers.
1.3 Recognition of Agenda Changes: No additions or dele-
tions were presented. The agenda was set.
2. Ratification of Election Results — Smith
2.1. On Saturday, 19 August 2017, membership ballots
were tallied for the election of the 2017–2018 officers
and new directors. The following individuals were
elected:
l Officers
Chairperson of the Board: David R. Bajula
President: David A. Mandina
Vice President: Scott P. Cargill
Secretary/Treasurer: David E. Savoy
l Directors at Large (three-year term)
John Z. Chen
John C. Duke, Jr.
C. Deal Moore
The ratification of the election results is automatic.
3. Vote and Ratification of Bylaws Changes — Smith
Proposed ASNT Bylaws amendments were presented to
members for consideration in the June 2017 issue of
Materials Evaluation. All eligible voting members were
either emailed or mailed a ballot from our balloting
provider, Intelliscan, on 1 August 2017 and voting
remained open through 15 October 2017.
Smith asked for vote of members present that had not
already voted to accept the proposed changes to the
300 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
Photo credit: aceshot1 / Shutterstock.com
Bylaws. Each change to the Bylaws would be voted on
separately.
Smith called for the vote on the proposed change to
stagger the Council Directors’ terms in Article III. Votes were
counted and the proposed change to stagger the Council
Directors’ terms was approved.
Smith called for the vote on the proposed change to
add the position of Immediate Past Chairperson of the
Board. Votes were counted and the proposed change to add
the position was approved.
Smith called for the vote on the proposed change to the
verbiage regarding the membership composition of the
Selection Committee. Votes were counted and the
proposed change to the verbiage regarding the
membership composition of the Selection Committee was
approved.
Smith asked for a motion to ratify the Bylaws changes.
Motion: Savoy recommended and so moved to ratify the
proposed ASNT Bylaws changes.
The motion was seconded by Doron Kishoni and was
approved.
4. Approval of 2016 ASNT Annual Business Meeting
Minutes — Scott P. Cargill, Vice President
The ASNT Board of Directors recommended that the 2016
Annual Business Meeting minutes, as published in the
March 2017 issue of Materials Evaluation, and with no
comments having been subsequently received, be
approved as published.
Motion: Cargill recommended and so moved to approve the
2016 Annual Business Meeting minutes as published.
The motion was seconded by Danny L. Keck and was
approved.
5. Treasurer’s Report for Fiscal Year 2016–2017 —
Cargill
Secretary/Treasurer Cargill was pleased to present the
financial report that ended 30 June 2017. The Society
continues to focus on investing for the future while taking
steps to ensure its financial health remain strong.
ASNT revenues from operations were $8.2 million for
the fiscal year 2016–2017. Factors such as a weakness in
the oil and gas industry as well as concurrent initiative
spending resulted in an operating deficit of $1.3 million.
This deficit included initiative spending associated with
the celebration last year of ASNT’s 75th Anniversary, the
renewed outreach to international members and colleagues,
and the transition to computer-based testing along with the
longer-term initiatives such as improving ASNT’s certification
programs and building the training Center for Excellence.
Due to positive financial market conditions, ASNT’s
investment returns were favorable, generating income of
$2.7 million. As a result, ASNT’s fund balance had an
increase in net assets of $1.4 million.
As of 30 June 2017 ASNT’s total assets were $28.0 million.
This reflects a 1.4% increase from 2016 while total
liabilities decreased 6.2% over the same period. Overall,
ASNT’s net assets ended at $24.3 million, 6.2% higher than
2016.
In January 2017, the Board of Directors added another
board-designated fund. This fund earmarked a large portion
of ASNT’s unrestricted funds to create and maintain a
financial reserve, for innovation and opportunities.
These reserves will allow ASNT to prepare for and
respond to long-term changes in strategy or in the market,
and be an investor in its future. It will also require
deliberate and well-thought action of the Board before the
funds can be accessed in order to assure the long-term
preservation of the Society.
ASNT received an unmodified, or clean, opinion from
Clark, Schaefer, Hackett & Co. in an independent auditor’s
report.
ASNT continues to be a financially sound organization.
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 301
6. ASNT State of the Society Message — Smith
ASNT has had a dynamic year of capacity building to
solidify its leadership status and also to position the
Society for continued readiness for the future in the
political, economic, and workforce landscapes.
6.1. Memorandums of Understanding (MOU): ASNT signed
a record number of MOUs and had a historic signing
of a Mutual Recognition Agreement with the Japanese
Society [for Non-Destructive Inspection], JSNDI. The
30 signed MOUs mean reciprocal respect for each
society’s standing as a regional professional NDT
organization.
Over the past three years, ASNT has transitioned
from being a bubble of isolation in domestic interests
to now being entrenched in international dialogues
and decision-making and is being sought as a key
partner for initiatives around the world. The extensive
travel has opened and broadened opportunities for
ASNT and its members.
6.2. Collaboration with Sister Societies: Last year NACE
[National Association of Corrosion Engineers] pre-
sented a concurrent course at ASNT’s Annual Confer-
ence. This year ABENDI [the Brazilian Association of
Non-Destructive Testing and Inspection] collaborated
with ASNT to bring flexible riser integrity management
(also known as FRIM) to this year’s Annual Conference
as a technical session.
6.3. MRA with JSNDI: The MRA with JSNDI is another indica-
tion of how ASNT’s global outreach is creating a direct
impact to ASNT’s membership and certifications. The
MRA brings a commitment of cooperation in mutually
beneficial projects and opportunities for each society’s
members and constituents. There will be a feature arti-
cle in the December [2017] issue of Materials Evalua-
tion discussing the finer points of the MRA.
6.4. Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
(STEM): ASNT was the first society to integrate STEM
outreach as a programmatic priority and create dedi-
cated events to reach school-age students. Throughout
the past year, ASNT’s website, social media pages, and
articles in Materials Evaluation gave tremendous expo-
sure to NDT to young audiences. ASNT also exhibited
at the National Science Teachers Association STEM
Forum and the Girl Scouts’ triennial convention,
G.I.R.L. 2017.
ASNT began its ASNT Day of STEM two years ago for
high school students and their educators. Since then,
the Day of STEM, which is hosted at the Spring Sympo-
sium and the Annual Conference, has grown program-
matically and practically to ensure that every moment
of the students’ time is well spent and memorable.
302 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
6.5. Publications: ASNT Publications was very productive in
maintaining ASNT’s position as the preeminent profes-
sional resource for NDT methods, industry sector appli-
cations, study guides, and training companions.
Recognition was given to Patrick O. Moore, who
passed away suddenly in March. Moore was just com-
pleting his work on the Leak Testing Handbook [Nonde-
structive Testing Handbook, fourth edition, Vol. 2: Leak
Testing], which was just released and was dedicated in
his honor.
Materials Evaluation has a new digital platform
that provides users with more functionalities and con-
trol over their experience. The table of content pages
are hot-linked, as are the emails and information for
advertisers.
6.6. Certification: Computer-based testing had its first an-
niversary this year and exams are being given in thou-
sands of locations around the world. Computer-based
testing has allowed ASNT to make examination loca-
tions accessible while safeguarding test site security,
candidate verification, and preserving exam integrity.
ASNT is continuing the process to reshape the
ACCP [ASNT Central Certification Program] to fully
adopt the ISO/IEC 9712 and should be completed by
the end of 2018. This includes the implementation of
Authorized Training Organizations (ATOs), which pro-
vide training. ASNT is also revising the process to be-
come an Authorized Examination Center (AEC) so that
the sites can administer the ACCP examinations.
ASNT is developing an Employer-based Certifica-
tion Audit Program, which will be called the ASNT EBC.
It will be a review of a company’s written practice and
verification of compliance with the defined require-
ments in the written practice, to provide the assurance
that the company complies with SNT-TC-1A and/or
CP-189. ASNT plans to create an international registry
identifying companies complying with this program.
ASNT believes that companies will experience a signifi-
cant return on their participation in the audit program
because they [will be] subjected to fewer audits by end
clients, and because of the brand eminence of ASNT in
industry sectors and the administration of the program
by trained NDT professionals. ASNT will keep updating
the members and the NDT community as the program
continues to take shape.
ASNT is also exploring groundwork for creating a
Performance Demonstration Qualification (PDQ) pro-
gram for the oil and gas industry. The purpose is to
standardize PDQ testing of NDE technicians, alleviating
the burden of owner/operators from providing and
maintaining their own programs. The resulting impact
should be a significant minimization of costs and over-
 testing of NDT technicians. The expectation is this pro-
gram strives to meet the standards of stakeholders
and will achieve full support of the industry.
These certification efforts have the goal and potential
to bring considerable growth to ASNT’s membership.
6.7. Membership: Member Services held the Annual Mem-
ber-Get-Member Campaign this year, “Who’s Next,”
and they asked every member to do his or her part in
finding those individuals who would be the next mem-
ber. To date this campaign has brought in 609 new
members through recruitment. This is above the num-
ber that ASNT already brings in over the year through
corporate marketing. The 2018 membership campaign
is “Dig Deep, Fly High.” Members were encouraged to
set a personal goal of recruiting at least one new mem-
ber in the upcoming year.
There has been one section chartered since last
year and there are two groups that completed section
petitions for review at this conference. These are in ad-
dition to the 55 active sections across 12 countries.
Members were encouraged to get involved with a local
section if they were not already involved.
6.8. Conferences: This Annual Conference appears to be
one of the most well attended in ASNT’s history. ASNT
hosted seven conferences this year. The [Research]
Symposium, topicals, and this conference have given
attendees over 500 presentations and exposure to the
technology and services of hundreds of exhibitors.

7. Regional Directors — Smith

7.1. Smith recognized the following ASNT Regional Direc-
tors by asking them to stand and be applauded.

David R. Bajula
Marwan F. Basrawi
Joseph R. Clasen
Brenda L. Collins
Mark E. Dahn
Cindy Finley
Joaquin P. Gutierrez
Dick Hooper
Brad Hoskins
John J. Kinsey
Michael V. McGloin
John P. Moran
Lawrence E. Mullins, Sr.
Mark Ormrod
Yi-Cheng (Peter) Pan
Emery E. Roberts
Hussein M. Sadek
David E. Savoy
William F. Via, Jr.

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 303

8. Introduction of the Current Board of Directors —
Smith
8.1. Smith recognized the current ASNT Board of Directors
by asking them to stand and be applauded.
David R. Bajula, President
David A. Mandina, Vice President
Scott P. Cargill, Secretary/Treasurer
Dr. Arny Bereson, Executive Director
Mohammed A. AbuFour
Martin T. Anderson
B. Boro Djordjevic
Gregory A. Garcia
Mohsen Hassanein
Danny L. Keck
Michael V. McGloin
Marybeth Miceli
Yi-Cheng (Peter) Pan
Robert L. Saunders
Flynn Spears
John Turner
William F. Via, Jr.
9. Recognition of Outgoing Directors of the Board —
Smith
9.1. Smith recognized the following by acknowledging their
contributions and by having them come forward to be
recognized by receiving a plaque.
Robert L. Saunders
Flynn Spears
John Turner
10. Recognition of 2016–2017 Council Chairs — Smith
10.1. Smith recognized the following 2016–2017 ASNT
Council Chairs by acknowledging their contributions
and by presenting them a certificate of appreciation.
John J. Kinsey, Certification Management Council
Roger W. Engelbart, Research Council
Ricky L. Morgan, Sections Operations Council
B. Boro Djordjevic, Technical and Education Council
Glenn M. Light, Acting Chair of Technical and
Education Council
11. Recognition of ASNT Past Presidents — Smith
11.1. Smith asked Past Presidents of ASNT to rise and be
recognized.
12. Old Business — Smith
12.1. No old business was discussed.
304 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
13. New Business — Smith
13.1. The 2017–2018 Board of Directors was announced:
l Officers
Chairperson of the Board: David R. Bajula
President: David A. Mandina
Vice President: Scott P. Cargill
Secretary/Treasurer: David E. Savoy
Executive Director: Dr. Arny Bereson
l Council Directors
Sections Operations Council: William F. Via, Jr.
Research Council: Yi-Cheng (Peter) Pan
Technical and Education Council: Danny L. Keck
Certification Management Council:
Martin T. Anderson
l Directors
Immediate Past Chairperson of the Board:
Kevin D. Smith
Director at Large: Mohammed A. AbuFour
Director at Large: John Z. Chen
Director at Large: John C. Duke, Jr.
Director at Large: B. Boro Djordjevic
Director at Large: Gregory A. Garcia
Director at Large: Mohsen Hassanein
Director at Large: Michael V. McGloin
Director at Large: Marybeth Miceli
Director at Large: C. Deal Moore
14. Adjournment — Smith
Changing of the Presidential Collar will be Wednesday
evening during the Annual Awards Banquet. The members
were encouraged to stay for the Town Hall meeting
immediately following this meeting.
14.1. The meeting was moved to be adjourned.
Motion: Keck moved to adjourn the meeting. The
motion was seconded by Via. The motion carried.
Chairperson Smith declared that the 2017 ASNT
Annual Business Meeting was adjourned.
Respectfully submitted,
Scott P. Cargill
2016–2017 ASNT Secretary/Treasurer
w
x
* These minutes from the 2017 Annual Business Meeting, presented at
the ASNT Annual Conference in Nashville, Tennessee, have been edited
for publication. Changes appear in brackets.
certification memo
From the Desk of the Chief Technical Officer
In this new column, we’ll take a look at some of the activities of the
certification group at the International Service Center, from day-to-
day communication exchanges with customers to Board-driven
initiatives, to ensure that members, certification holders, and inter-
ested parties are up-to-date on the latest information affecting the
Society.
—James Bennett, Chief Technical Officer, jbennett@asnt.org
Fact or Fiction
This month, we’ll take a look at some statements that we often
hear at the ISC. Are they true, true with a twist, or false? Are they
an opinion, or factual with data to substantiate? Below are some
examples of statements made or questions asked of ASNT staff.
The ASNT program passing grade is based on the number of
people examined at the same time and location. Therefore, if
the examination candidates answer the questions correctly,
the passing grade would be offset and subsequently increased
to ensure only a certain number of candidates passed the
examination.
This statement is false. There are no secrets for determining the
pass grade or “cut score.” In the United States, certification
bodies (ASNT is a certification body in the United States for NDT)
are required as part of their certification body accreditation per
ISO-17024 (Conformity Assessment – General requirements for
bodies operating certification of persons) to demonstrate that
qualification examination questions are fair, reliable, and can
discriminate between an individual that is competent or not
competent to perform the required functions. Psychometrics is a
statistical based process that is a documented methodology of
demonstrating this. The Certification Management Council (CMC),
composed of approximately sixty (60) volunteer members holding
Level III ASNT/ACCP certificates in the applicable methods, are
responsible for developing, validating, and approving examination
questions to be used in the ASNT programs.
306 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
Each examination has a pass grade personalized
(through psychometrics); therefore, a pass percentage in the
ASNT Level III Penetrant examination will be different than the
ASNT Level III Magnetic Testing examination. It is why ASNT’s certi-
fication program cannot be compared with other NDT certification
bodies, as ASNT uses tools such as psychometrics to provide
world-class certification programs.
Examination schedules for outside the United States are no
longer available on the ASNT website.
This is a factual statement. There are no longer examination
schedules, as examinations can be taken at a date and time
of the candidate’s choosing. ASNT has partnered with Pearson
VUE (PV), which has an infrastructure in place to allow for exami-
nations to be taken at more convenient locations for the
candidate, in most cases reducing the amount of traveling and
loss of work time. For more information about PV and CBT, please
visit the ASNT website at asnt.org, and click on “Certification” and
then “Computer-Based Testing.”
ASNT uses Authorized Qualification Bodies (AQBs) to
administer qualification examinations.
This is certainly false, as ASNT does not use AQBs, but does use
Approved Examination Centers (AEC). Another statement in a
similar vein is, “AQBs and examination centers are the same.”
Again, not true. ASNT does not use or intend to use AQBs in ASNT
certification programs. AQBs are authorized by the certification
body to prepare and administer qualification examinations.
ASNT’s model for developing and administering examinations is
different.
I am ASNT certified if I have received a certificate from an ASNT
Level III.
False! Only ASNT can issue ASNT certificates. It is likely the certifi-
cate is for an SNT-TC-1A employer-based certification. The certifi-
cate must clearly state what the certification is for and not be
open to interpretation. There have been many cases where certifi-
cates are being issued from the employer, or from a third party via
a qualification certificate, containing the ASNT logo. This implies
the certification is either from ASNT or endorsed by ASNT, which is
not the case. The ISC obviously takes action when notified of such
an occurrence.
ASNT logos are trademarked and owned by ASNT. The only
time a logo can be used is if specifically authorized by the ASNT
marketing department or as part of an ASNT corporate member-
ship, which allows the use of a specific ASNT logo.
As professionals, we all understand the need for integrity and
due diligence when performing process control checks, calibra-
tions, and inspections, and when we develop/approve proce-
dures, audit, provide consultation, or complete any similar task.
We also need to be cognizant of what is said about technical
issues and the sources of that information. To that end, in future
columns we will take a “deep dive” into technical issues and
initiatives associated with the ASNT certification programs and
compliance to specific ASNT requirements, in order to be a trusted
source of information and squash any rumors that can “poison
the waters,” having a negative effect on our programs and
industry.
Future “deep dive” topics in this new column include the full
adoption of ISO-9712 (Non-destructive testing — Qualification and
certification of NDT personnel) into ASNT’s Central Certification
Program (ACCP), the Authorized Examination Center (AEC) process,
the Authorized Training Organization (ATO) process, the SNT-TC-1A
audit program, and similar subjects. Questions or comments?
Email jbennett@asnt.org. w x
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 307
New ASNT Certificate Holders
Below are personnel who have recently obtained their initial ASNT certifications. This list includes new certificate holders
who were added to the ASNT database through 1 February 2018. Each certificate holder’s current certification information
can be found on the ASNT website at asnt.org/certlist.

ACCP Level II Clinton Norman Arshad Asharaf Gunha Kim

Joshua N. Barker Benigno Olano Mitchell Benes Chin Loong Lee
Jose Carlos Perez Joseph R. Byrd Major Allen Mitchell
ACCP Level II CWI Joseph R. Prince II Veera Venkata Philip W. Morris
Brandon Clark Adams Ann M. Quackenbush Ramachandrarao Paul E. Nash
Smit Raul Chanduvi Silupu Jose Antonio Rasco Chacon Chillimuntha Khalid Nejjahi
Vincent E. Clark Nick Ryan Hyungwoo Choi Kisakaran Padmanabhan
Jonathan Craver Darin E. Shick Alan Dsouza Hee Dong Park
Michael S. Ford Francis Joseph Stauter III Jacob Endres Corey P. Redhage
Michael Patrick Garbinski Aric Huntley Terrell Joshua D. Fontenot Christopher Michael Reid, Sr.
Joel Hernandez Eric C. Wynn Jason W. Gibbs Jorge T. Reyna
Michael D. Kerr Dayat Hidayat Siew Loon Shuit
Kelly Jacob Komoroski ASNT NDT Level III Brian Hudec Thiyagarajan Thiruthanivel
Roy A. McConathy Juli Agus Sumesh K. Siva Sankar Yadavalli
Santiago Morales Oscar A. Alcocer Nitin Arjun Khond

308 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018

PAUT
 x ME BACK TO BASICS
w

TEST
Using Iterative Time Reversal
for NDT Inspections on
Composite Materials
by Daniel Richard

In this month’s Back to Basics feature, we take a look at an ultrasonic

phased array technique that may improve inspection results by compensat-
ing for the acoustic effect imposed by an irregular surface.

—John Chen, Back to Basics Technical Editor

O
ver the last 15 years, phased array ultrasonic technology has
dramatically changed the face of nondestructive testing. This
advanced pulse-echo technique uses multiple elements in a
transducer to precisely steer, focus, and scan an ultrasonic sound
beam. It is a reliable, repeatable, and efficient way to inspect complex geome-
tries, visualize welded joints, and determine the size and type of flaws like
surface and subsurface cracks in a range of materials.
Phased array UT is especially effective in aerospace and aircraft applica-
tions where the use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and other
composite materials continues to expand. The multimaterial and anisotropic
nature of CFRP is a challenge for nondestructive testing. Composite structures
and components can involve large areas with varying geometries and thick-
nesses. Discontinuities, including porosities, delamination, and foreign
bodies, can be introduced during the materials manufacturing process, and
can occur in a particular layer of carbon fiber or in resin. Furthermore,
suppliers of CFRP components face competitive pressures to meet the quality,
cost, and delivery expectations of their customers.
By and large, component manufacturers conduct ultrasonic testing in envi-
ronments where an automated scanner can be used to control the alignment
between the ultrasonic probe and the surface of the test material. Iterative
time reversal is a real-time adaptive phased array UT technique that is

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 311

ME BACK TO BASICS w
x phased array ut
designed to eliminate the effects of misalignment
between the probe and the specimen. This article will
explain how this adaptive UT inspection technique can
improve inspection coverage and detection capability
while maintaining test speed and efficiency.
Phased Array UT
Phased array ultrasonic testing is a common NDT
inspection method for composite component manu-
facturers. With composites, discontinuities such as
cracks can occur on the surface or beneath it—and in
different layers or plies—with no predictable orienta-
tion. Delamination discontinuities can occur very
quickly and propagate, especially in components,
where a laminate is loaded through the thickness (for
example, at spar or stringer runouts in an airplane
wing structure). There may be little or no warning
between the points of fatigue and catastrophic failure.
Phased array UT can accurately determine the
depth and size of discontinuities in composite
materials using pulses of high-voltage electricity that
are converted to high-frequency ultrasonic energy by a
probe or transducer. The transducer emits pulsed
sound waves into the material at exact intervals (focal
laws) and set angles; when these ultrasonic waves
Delays
Sound wave
Figure 1: Determination of the surface profile: (a) a plane wave is generated;
(b) the wave is reflected back to the probe.
Delays
Sound wave
Figure 2: Application of delays to fit the surface profile: (a) the process is
repeated; (b) the wave reflected back to the surface is a plane wave.
312 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
encounter a discontinuity, some of that energy is
reflected back like an echo.
Transducers (or probes) come in a variety of config-
urations and sizes, but for typical composite shapes,
two types of transducers are used. A linear one-dimen-
sional (1D) phased array probe is used to inspect flat
surfaces. These probes typically have 32, 64, or 128
elements. For curved sections, arc-shaped 1D probes
are used, typically with 32 or 64 elements.
Alignment is simpler to achieve on flat or nearly
flat surfaces where the inspection is performed essen-
tially at normal incidence with the component surface.
On a component with convex or concave surfaces or
variable thicknesses, maintaining the proper probe
orientation generally involves sophisticated and
expensive mechanical systems and an exact
knowledge of the specimen geometry.
Time Reversal
Time reversal is an adaptive phased array UT inspec-
tion technique that can compensate for the effects of
misalignment between the probe and specimen in real
time. This is achieved through a two-step process based
on measurement and compensation of flight times of
surface echoes of individual elements in the probe.
The first step is called surface profiling (Figure 1).
During this step, a plane wave is generated by firing all
probe elements simultaneously. When the wave meets
the specimen, it is reflected back to the probe. The
reflected wave is no longer a plane wave; it is affected
by the shape of the inspected component. The variation
in the wave shape translates into a different time of
flight for the response on each individual element i.
Using the different time of flights measured in the
initial firing, software calculates the delay for every
individual element i that will compensate for the differ-
ences introduced by the surface profile. Equations 1
and 2 show how the corresponding emission and
reception delays are calculated:
1
(1) Ei =
2
(max ⎡⎣ti ⎦⎤ − ti )
(2) Ri = ( max ⎡⎣Ei ⎤⎦ − Ei )
where
ti is the time of flight for the wave received by
element i.
This process can be repeated several times until
the wave reflected from the surface back to the probe
is a plane wave (Figure 2).
Time reversal is an adaptive phased array UT
inspection technique that can compensate for
the effects of misalignment...

Delays

Sound wave

(a) (b)

Figure 3: Data recording using compensated delays: (a) the principle; (b) real inspection data.

Once the surface profiling is complete, a compen-

sation delay is applied to the individual elements of
the probe, and, essentially, normal incidence of the
beam on the surface is achieved.
The second step of the time reversal technique is
to record data using the delays obtained during the
profiling phase. Data acquisition is performed using
electronic linear scanning with a limited active
aperture (for example, eight elements). Figure 3 shows
the principle and the real inspection data.
At each scan position, the software performs both
steps in real time to maintain valid and accurate Figure 4: CFRP sample with flat and curved surfaces and nine brass inserts to
examination data, even on a varying surface geometry. simulate discontinuities.
It is important to mention that this complete
process allows scanning speeds similar to standard
phased array UT when using similar focal law groups inserts to simulate typical discontinuities. The inserts
and equivalent UT settings, a clear advantage for are 3  10 mm and 10  10 mm, and are located at
using the time reversal technique. various locations and depths throughout the sample
(Figure 4).
Case Study This type of geometry can be inspected in three
In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the time scan lines and requires two different probes: the flat
reversal technique, a case study on a representative sections are examined using linear 1D probes, and
specimen was performed. A CFRP sample was manu- the curved section is inspected using an arc-shaped
factured specifically for this purpose by an industrial 1D probe. All inspections are performed in complete
composite provider. It has typical composite material immersion.
attenuation and contains multiple artificial brass

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 313

ME BACK TO BASICS w
x phased array ut
(a)
(b)
Figure 5: Amplitude C-scan of flat section: (a) time reversal technique;
(b) standard phased array.
CFRP Specimen: Flat Section
For the flat sections, a 5 MHz probe with a linear
medium casing was used. It has 64 elements, a pitch
of 0.6 mm, and a width of 10 mm. An aperture of
eight elements was used.
In this case, scanning was performed manually
while attempting to maintain optimal probe alignment
and orientation. In theory, there should be no signifi-
cant difference between the time reversal data and the
standard phased array UT data. However, different
results are shown on the amplitude C-scans (Figure 5).
A constant back wall amplitude is important for
porosity detection in CFRP materials. The back wall
amplitude on the standard PA data is very sensitive
even when the probe operator tried to maintain
optimal conditions; indeed, a slight misalignment or
variation in the water column can cause a loss of back
wall amplitude.
Meanwhile, the time reversal data shows a
constant back wall amplitude over the full extent of
the specimen.
314 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
64
3 mm
Figure 6: Probe intentionally misaligned by 3 mm.
CFRP Specimen: Curved Section
The curved section of the specimen was inspected
with an arc-shaped 1D probe, at 3.5 MHz, with
64 elements. The probe has a pitch of 0.65 mm and
its width is 8 mm. Again, an active aperture of eight
elements was used.
At first, the probe was installed on a two-axis
mechanical system to ensure optimal orientation and
alignment. The probe was then intentionally moved by
approximately 3 mm in order to demonstrate the capa-
bility of the time reversal technique to compensate for
the misalignment (Figure 6).
Figure 7 shows the increased detection capability
of the time reversal technique—all nine discontinuities
appear clearly on the C-scan. The standard phased
array UT data do not allow for adequate detection of
all the discontinuities in the sample.
For the second experiment, the probe was aligned
correctly with the specimen, and then the incidence
angle of the probe was misoriented by rotating the
probe holder. With the orientation of the probe
modified, the standard phased array UT data is essen-
tially useless: the UT data show that no valid signals
were received by the probe (Figure 8).
However, in similar conditions, and during the
same inspection sequence, the time reversal
technique has compensated for the misalignment and
has generated data that allow for adequate detection
of the discontinuities.
Conclusion
From the work presented, the following conclusions
can be drawn about the benefits of the time reversal
technique for the inspection of composite structures:
l The time reversal technique is able to compensate
for probe misalignment and misorientation in real
time without significantly slowing down the
scanning speed.
 (a)
Figure 7: Amplitude C-scan and end view for arc-shaped 1D probe intentionally misaligned by 3 mm: (a) time reversal technique; (b) standard
phased array.
(a)
Figure 8: Amplitude C-scan and end view for misoriented arc-shaped 1D probe: (a) time reversal technique; (b) standard phased array.
l The time reversal technique enhances discontinuity-
detection capability and improves porosity assess-
ment by stabilizing the amplitude of the back wall.
l The technique enables the ability to easily
determine the fiber orientation within CFRP
material. Time reversal stabilizes back wall
amplitude and straightens the interface echo,
making it possible to examine large areas of a
curved component. The bends often contain fiber
weaving that can be noteworthy for the specimen’s
integrity.
(b)
(b)
l By mitigating the need for exact alignment and
orientation, the proposed time reversal solution
also reduces the cost of the required mechanical
scanning systems. w x
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This article is based on a white paper called “Iterative
Time Reversal Technique for the Inspection of Composite
Structures” from Zetec, Inc.
AUTHOR
Daniel Richard: Technology Manager, Zetec, Inc.,
8226 Bracken Place SE, Snoqualmie, WA 98065;
email drichard@zetec.com
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 315
 NDT
Photo credit: Spectronics Corp.

women
Industry
Veterans
Discuss the
Opportunities, Dear Reader,

Challenges, and The following is a discussion of the trials, triumphs, and hopes of nine
women who are veterans in the field of nondestructive testing, from industry
Triumphs of the to engineering to academia.
This discourse is intended to engender open conversation and awareness
NDT Community of the challenges that many in NDT—and many other traditionally male-
dominated industries—face. It’s a timely topic: as referenced in Dr. Arny
by Materials Evaluation Editor Jill Ross Bereson’s Director’s Letter this month, ASNT is making plans to establish a
special task force to identify gaps in the education, recruitment, and retention
of women in NDT, to assess the working environment, and to create actionable
steps for the future.
What is the future of women in NDT? If these women are any reflection, I
think that it is very bright indeed. I hope upon reading these stories that you
are inspired to mentor, reach out, and advocate on behalf of others to
strengthen our industry for all of our colleagues, now and for the future.
—Jill Ross, Materials Evaluation Editor

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 317

ME FEATURE w
x ndt women
Introduction by Marybeth Miceli
For every 96 men working in nondestructive testing
(NDT), it is estimated that there are four women (ASNT,
2016, p. 289).
No one knows the actual numbers. They’re higher
in the certain sectors and in certain functions within
NDT, such as aerospace and academia, but the
disparity is undeniable. On average, women earn
approximately 21% of all engineering bachelor’s
degrees and 25% of master’s degrees. Numbers in
fields related to NDT are even higher—
metallurgical/materials at 28%, civil at 24%, and
chemical at 33% (Yoder, 2016). So why are NDT’s
numbers so low?
It is 2018, and women’s issues have certainly
been in the forefront of our national consciousness
recently. This only makes these numbers even more
worrisome. So, here, we’ve set out to begin to under-
stand some of the reasons that may contribute to the
lack of women in NDT.
That ASNT existed for over 50 years without a
woman serving as president reflects that fact that
women have long been underrepresented in NDT
(ASNT, 2016, p. 222). However, we’ve had some
exemplary women pave the way. In 1955, Harriet
Carleson became the chair of the Cleveland Section,
the first woman to lead a section of the Society. In
1974, Carleson became one of ASNT’s first two female
Fellows, alongside Ellen Placas, who was also the first
female to serve on ASNT’s Board of Directors. In 1987,
Maryellen Robards became the first woman elected as
ASNT’s treasurer, putting her in line for the presidency.
However, poor health forced her to resign. The installa-
tion of Vickie Panhuise as president in 1993 marked
the first time in the Society’s history that a woman
was elected to office. She was followed by Sharon
Vukelich (2005–2006) and Jocelyn Langlois (2008–
2009).
Three years ago, the Recognition for the
Advancement of Women in NDT was created to
recognize individuals or organizations that encourage
women to enter and thrive in the field of NDT, either
through creation and/or implementation of programs
that provide educational and/or career advancement
opportunities to women, or through leading by
example. Additionally, ASNT just this past year
attended the national conference of Girl Scouts USA to
expose younger women to the opportunities in the
field of NDT. The Society also continues to host Day of
STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathe-
matics) events for high school students in conjunction
with our conferences. The next Day of STEM, taking
place in Orlando this month, will mark our sixth such
318 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
event. Other organizations, such as the American
Advanced Technical Academy (AATA), have begun to
offer free training for women who are interested in
going into NDT.
But we have a long, long way to go.
Below, we will begin to explore some of the
obstacles women face in the world of NDT. Because in
order to fix any problem, you must correctly identify it
first—we NDTers know that.
Thank you for hearing our voices.
The Women
Now, let’s meet the women who contributed to our
discussion. (Please note: each participant
responded to these questions individually, with no
knowledge of the others’ replies. All interviewees are
based in the United States. Interviews have been
edited and condensed due to space constraints. The
views expressed herein are based on the opinions
and experiences of the interviewees, and do not
necessarily reflect those of ASNT or its Board of
Directors.)
Antionette “Toni” Bailey (pictured on previous page)
has 28 years of experience in NDT. She is an ASNT
NDT Level III in the methods of RT, ET, UT, PT, and MT,
and holds the ASNT IRRSP certification. Her career
began in the US Air Force, where she was active duty
from 1989 to 1997, performing NDT on military
aircraft. She is also a decorated Gulf War Veteran and
served in Operations Desert Storm and Desert Shield.
Bailey is now a Level III consultant, owner of TB3 NDT
Consulting, LLC, and an associate instructor for Hellier
NDT. She is the current chair of the Metro New
York/Northern New Jersey Section and the recipient of
the 2016 ASNT Recognition for the Advancement of
Women in NDT.
Karen Bruer holds Level III certifications in VT, PT, MT,
RT, and UT (1993) and Nuclear Level III in VT, PT, MT,
and RT (1994). Upon retirement from 20+ years in
the US Navy, she became the corporate quality
assurance manager and NDT Level III for Amee Bay,
LLC, and later NDT Level III for Ocean Bay, LLC, where
she is responsible for all facets of the quality
control, NDT, and welding programs for ship hull,
mechanical and electrical modernization, and main-
tenance and repair. She is the principle investigator
for a Defense Logistics Agency STTR focusing on the
development of an NDT method for detecting coun-
terfeit/misprocessed raw material. She is an active
member of ASNT, having served on several commit-
tees, contributed to publications, and developed
training sessions.
Karen Bruer poses with her crew after Operation Iraqi Freedom. The two gentlemen standing directly behind her are
officers (one leaving and one relieving); the rest are her crew of NDT and QA inspectors. Also pictured is mascot Teddy,
on loan from a US second-grade class. 

Cheryl Dufur is an NDT industry veteran of more than Cara Leckey, Ph.D., has performed and led research
40 years. She started out working for the Spartan in the NASA Langley Nondestructive Evaluation
School of Aeronautics in Tulsa, Oklahoma, but soon Sciences Branch since 2010. Her research focus is in
afterward began taking classes where she was the computational NDE (CNDE), particularly ultrasound
only woman in a class of 25 students. After gradua- simulation code development, and in experimental
tion, she moved to Southern California and started her guided wave methods. In 2017 she was selected to
career in NDT, where her first job was in a department lead NASA Langley’s High Performance Computing
called “Fokker Bond,” a form of ultrasonics in which a
transducer was used to look for voids. Today she
works for Test Equipment Distributors LLC in sales and
for AAE Aerospace as a Level III RT/PT in composites.
She is a longtime member of the Greater Los Angeles
Section, where she served as director, chair, and vice
chair and received a lifetime achievement award for
women in NDT.

Forty-year industry veteran Cheryl Dufur reads film Cara Leckey takes a break in the laser vibrometry lab at
looking for large metallic inclusions. NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia.

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 319

ME FEATURE w
x ndt women

Incubator Project, which includes CNDE as well as

other NASA mission-related disciplines. Leckey has
40+ publications in the areas of mathematical
modeling, computational NDE, and NDE for
aerospace and is an Associate Technical Editor for
the scientific journals Materials Evaluation and
Research in Nondestructive Evaluation. She has been
the recipient of the NASA Early Career Achievement
Medal and NASA ARMD Associate Administrator High
Potentials Award.

Candice Major is the current quality manager and NDT

LIII for Tooling & Equipment International, a leading
aluminum casting prototype and production manufac-
turer in the automotive and aerospace industries in
Livonia, Michigan, where her responsibilities include
Marybeth Miceli produced a YouTube video to
share her love of NDT with the world.
Visit the digital M.E. to
view Marybeth’s video.

ASNT’s e-Mentoring Program as well as the

Recognitions for the Advancement of Women and
Veterans in NDT.

Lisa Price is the HAZMAT

logistics specialist for
Sherwin, Inc. and general
manager for the company’s
Burlington, Kentucky distri-
bution center. She serves
ASNT as chair of the Miami
Valley Section, secretary for
the MT/PT Committee, chair
of the Section Management
Division of SOC, and member
Candice Major interprets X-ray film of aerospace castings. of the exhibitors committee.
Lisa Price in her natural
environment, working She has over 24 years of
the exhibit hall. experience in the nondestruc-
maintaining the quality management system, moni- tive testing industry.
toring all NDT operations, auditing, and company certi-
fications, and assisting in aerospace engineering
efforts. She is a US Air Force veteran with a technical
degree in NDT from USAF at NAS Pensacola with
approximately 15 years of experience.

Marybeth Miceli is the president and founder of Miceli

Infrastructure Consulting, LLC, and the cofounder of
We-NDT Marketing Network. As a materials science
engineer, Miceli has worked in many areas of NDT,
including structural health monitoring and infrastruc-
ture. She is an ASNT Fellow and currently serves on
the Board of Directors. Miceli has been the recipient of
numerous ASNT awards and has chaired the Section
Operations Council and the Technical and Education Trish Roller machines transducer shoes and housings
Council’s Infrastructure Committee. She also created on a mill.

320 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018

Patricia “Trish” Roller grew up in NDT, where she
watched her father work on a new eddy current
surface probe design. Roller helped assemble his very
first order, and from then until around 1992, she
worked in probe assembly for the family business,
NDT Product Engineering, which later became NDT
Engineering Corp. Roller holds a Level II in EC and UT,
but says most of her education came from on-the-job
training, where she learned how to build transducers
and taught herself how to operate a lathe and milling
machine. In 2003 her father sold his company, and in
2004 she started her own company, Techna NDT, with
her brother. Today she holds majority ownership of
Techna NDT, where a number of women hold essential
positions.
Lalita Udpa views new sensor image data from a carbon composite sample along
Lalita Udpa received her Ph.D. in 1986 from Colorado with her students.
State University’s department of electrical engineering.
She is currently a professor in the department of elec-
trical and computer engineering at Michigan State interests include various aspects of NDE such as
University. Udpa has worked for the last 30 years in development of computational models, new sensor
the broad areas of nondestructive evaluation, signal design for composites, signal and image processing,
processing, and biomedical applications. Her research data fusion, and inverse problem solutions to

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 321

ME FEATURE w
x ndt women
problems in NDE. Udpa served as an Associate
Technical Editor of Materials Evaluation from
2000–2017 and she continues to serve on the
editorial board of Research in Nondestructive Evaluation.
She is a Fellow of ASNT, the IEEE, and the Indian
Society of Nondestructive Testing, and a member of
Academia NDT International.
The Discussion
In 1982, female membership in ASNT was 2%. Today,
it’s estimated at less than 5% (ASNT, 2016, p. 289).
Does this number surprise you? Why or why not?
Bruer: The extremely low percentage does not surprise
me in the least; it reflects the male/female ratio found
in industry. I believe this is the product of many
variables such as low active recruiting of young ladies to
pursue mathematics or science during early education,
the general discouragement of women to pursue nontra-
ditional career paths, and the overall lack of enthusiasm
for females working in heavy industry.
322 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
Successful managers realize the greatest strength
of any organization is the people who make up the
workforce, and in recent years, top management is
realizing that many outdated notions concerning women
in the workforce are depriving their companies of one
half of the potential talent that could be utilized. The
same low percentage of females in the workforce is
apparent across the spectrum of traditionally male jobs.
In the course of my NDT career, I have worked with
hundreds of welders; very few of them were women.
Because of ASNT outreach programs, the work of
sections, articles, education, and general awareness of
the wonderful opportunities a career in NDT presents, I
am truly hopeful that within the next ten years we will
see a huge increase of women starting careers in NDT.
Miceli: Unfortunately, no, this number doesn’t surprise
me. NDT is not an easy field for anyone—it requires hard
work, dedication, and often long hours away from home.
And for a long time, I think women were not pushed to
go into STEM fields. It took me a long time to convince
my colleagues that I wasn’t going anywhere, even after
having kids…something my male counterparts never
had to do in order to be accepted into the fold.
Leckey: The overall number is indeed surprising—
though I often do find that I am indeed the one female
in a room of 25+ people. I am surprised that the field
hasn’t upped its percentage much considering that
many engineering/physical science fields have seen an
increase over that same time period. I’m not sure what
to attribute it to except that many folks “stumble” into
the field through their connections, etc. Perhaps we
really do have a “network diversity” problem.
Bailey: No, the low number does not surprise me.
Women (and men) have little knowledge that NDT is a
career of choice. My friends and family still think I am
an aircraft mechanic or flight attendant, and some
think I am a pilot! However, more and more women
are choosing science and engineering as career paths,
and I hope that the percentage will increase. As well,
when I bring young women to NDT shops as a tour for
a career choice, some are disgusted by the environ-
ment (dirt, debris, oils, big parts). It may not be visually
appealing at first, but I find that once trained and
adjusted to the environment, women are some of the
best NDT inspectors because of their intelligence,
remarkable attention to details, sense of responsibility,
keen intuition, and wonderful organizational skills.
Upda: No, it does not surprise me. Maybe we should
compare how memberships have grown in other
societies (IEEE, ASME, etc.) One of my observations as
a professor in electrical engineering is that in my
undergraduate classes, the percentage of women has
not changed much in the last 25 years—it has stayed
between 15% and 20%. It appears that more women
tend to go into chemical and biomedical engineering.
It would be helpful to look into whether the
percentage of women has increased or decreased in
other fields of engineering.
What do you see as potential barriers to women
entering the NDT field, and what can be done to
overcome them?
Bailey: Back in 1989 when I was in high school,
hardly anyone knew about NDT; even now, people are
not aware. I think the number one barrier is letting
women know that NDT is a career field that is
available for them, and women who are not college
educated should be made aware that NDT is not as
difficult as one would think. Also, it is important to let
women know that although this industry is dominated
by men, ASNT has mentors who will help and
encourage them, both female and male. ASNT’s
involvement in STEM NDT has been instrumental in
marketing NDT as a career choice for people of many
backgrounds, so I feel we are on our way to meeting
the goal of spreading the word.
Bruer: NDT is a field that is normally associated with
heavy industry such as welding, bridge construction
and maintenance, shipbuilding and repair, aircraft
building and maintenance, and so on, which are tradi-
tionally male-dominated areas. Young girls contem-
plating future career paths are not encouraged, and in
many cases I feel are actively discouraged, from trying
to enter heavy industry as anything other than office
workers because of the misconception that women are
not strong enough or tough enough to handle the
work. Additionally, NDT is a highly technical field and,
unfortunately, the United States has historically not
encouraged young girls to pursue mathematical or
scientific study. With each generation the equality gap
between men and women is diminishing; however,
these outdated concepts and beliefs can only be truly
changed through outreach and education of all young
minds equally. The focus for the future should be
guided by the encouragement of all young people to
actively seek knowledge in whatever field interests
them, regardless of gender.
Roller: What I have found in all my years of being in
this field is that very few people even know about
aircraft NDT. When I explain to people what I do, they
are usually surprised and a bit amazed to learn about
the “behind the scenes” of what happens to keep air
travel safe. With that in mind, I think there would be
more interest from both women and men, if there was
more (for lack of a better word) advertising about the
industry. Perhaps more widespread knowledge offered
through media, social media, and curriculum in
schools, down to elementary and middle schools.
What have you done personally to encourage
women to go into NDT?
Bailey: Every few years, I volunteer at high school
BOCES (Boards of Cooperative Educational Services of
New York State) technical centers, FAA (Federal
Aviation Administration) seminars, and career fairs to
tell young women (and men) about NDT. I desire to
help young adults have solid careers, so I have offered
NDT training at a reduced price and for free on a few
occasions. I then help men and women create
résumés and make calls to help people find jobs. I
also encourage women to apply for promotions and
take Level III exams.
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 323
ME FEATURE w
x ndt women
I firmly believe that nondestructive testing
saves lives...and I share my enthusiasm and
conviction at every opportunity.
Bruer: I am a walking advertisement for successful
women in NDT. When I first started on my NDT journey, it
was not uncommon for females to be even more greatly
outnumbered by male inspectors than is the case today.
I have always been fascinated with the theory, method-
ology, and application of nondestructive testing and
love to discuss the field with others. My focus is always
on young professionals and encouraging them to either
become an inspector or continue learning about new
opportunities and technologies in NDT. I have spoken at
career days in high schools, community colleges, and
industry career days. One of the most common
comments I get from young ladies is: “I didn’t think girls
could do that.” To which I always reply: “Yes, you can! I
did it, and you can too!” I firmly believe that nondestruc-
tive testing saves lives and what we do for a living has
meaning, and I share my enthusiasm and conviction at
every opportunity. I would like to think that the example
that my fellow female peers and I have set will
encourage the female workforce of the future to explore
the wonderful world of NDT.
Dufur: Any chance I get, I try to promote women in
NDT. I’ve been asked several times to go to schools
and talk to girls about opportunities. When I’m asked
by females if they should get into the NDT field, my
response is most definitely.
Leckey: Many studies have shown that female role
models/connections/mentors can have a positive
impact for young women entering STEM fields/careers.
This is certainly also true for NDT. As a field we need to
create and take advantage of opportunities to connect
women currently working in NDT with young women who
are considering NDT or just entering the field. More men
in NDT need to be made aware of the valuable role they
can play as mentors to women who are considering NDT
or who have just entered into the field. I myself have
had excellent male mentors during my career.
Miceli: I championed the creation of the ASNT
Advancement of Women in NDT recognition for people
who encourage women to go into NDT. It came into
official existence three years ago [the first one was given
in 2015]. I work with the AATA, which is dedicated to
324 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
increasing diversity in NDT. I created an e-mentoring
program within NDT, in which I was able to mentor a
couple of women and facilitate other women to mentor
as well. Lastly, I have created an informal Women in NDT
(WIN) networking group on LinkedIn as a place where
women can help each other out.
Major: I simply tell them about it…education,
education, education! They can see my passion as I
get deeper and deeper into the discussion and I can
see their excitement grow. When I have been in facili-
ties and recognized intelligent hard workers in other
departments, I’ve taken them under my wing and
personally fought for them and trained them. Recently,
two have gone on to remarkable success, becoming
an RT Level III and a new product engineer.
Udpa: I have worked with numerous women in my
NDE lab, ranging from high school students to under-
graduate and graduate students. Over the last two
summers, I have had high school physics teachers
work in my lab as part of the National Science
Foundation Research Experience for Teachers. I have
graduated four female Ph.D. students from my group.
These students continue in NDE-related professions
(one in academia and three in industry).
What advice would you give to a younger version of
yourself?
Bailey: Twenty years ago, I would have said: “Toni, you
don’t have to be a tough girl and a tough talker to fit
in with the guys.” Most of the men I have worked with
are wonderful coworkers. The ones who are rude and
who cannot adapt to women (or anyone different)
working in this field normally wash out early because
they typically can’t get along with anyone…including
other men!
Bruer: Twenty years ago, the best advice would have
been to diversify my fields of study. Find out everything
that could be learned, generally, about the industry being
worked in—such as maritime in my case—so that the
direction and future of the industry and the NDT scope
within the changing industry could be predicted. Then
work hard to ensure as changes came, the technician
would be prepared to instantly work with new industry
standards, technologies, and inspection techniques. The
world is changing rapidly, and I would encourage inspec-
tors to continually prepare and learn.
Miceli: Speak up, even if it costs you a job or a client.
It’s OK to say no. Know your worth.
Major: I would have told myself, keep doing what
you’re doing! I was told several times I moved around
too much. Yet, if I had not done so, I would not have
gained the multitude of experience I have. I would not
have seen the methods employed in every way
possible. Having that under my belt allows me to think
outside of the box and problem solve in a manner
most cannot. I pick up new projects/jobs or technolo-
gies easily because I’m extremely familiar with change
and advancements. The constant moving led me to
deal with the most diverse, unique people in the
world, allowing me to have a better understanding
when working with others, leading them, and/or
teaching them. I was always able to hold firm to my
integrity and speak my mind because I knew I could
leave. My reputation preceded me so there was no
problem for me to move on and find another job.
Price: I would say to myself: “Learn as much as you can,
each and every day, and stay focused on your goals.”
What advice would you give to young women
looking to get in the field?
Bailey: I would say find a mentor to help you “hang in
there” and guide your choices. My first mentor was a
Level III consultant named Ed Dukich. He has
mentored me for 22 years and was a recipient of the
ASNT mentoring recognition in 2016. Everyone needs
a mentor like Eddie!
Bruer: Pick your industry well. Nondestructive testing
is a fabulous career path to pursue, but working in
aviation is vastly different than working maritime or
power generation or petrochemical. Each industry has
unique attributes and challenges, but all use NDT.
Basically, I would not recommend anyone choose to
work in this exciting field in an industry they find boring.
The young women of today have the opportunity and
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 325
ME FEATURE w
x ndt women
ability to do exceptionally well in the NDT field, but
industry choice is critical to career satisfaction and
happiness.
Leckey: When you attend conferences, meetings, and
workshops, don’t hesitate to approach the one other
woman in the room and make a connection. Additionally,
though you may sometimes feel strange about the fact
that you are the only woman in the room (which is often
the case), don’t hesitate to speak up, give your input,
ask questions, and make connections.
Miceli: Go for it. Getting to work with technologies and
help save lives—there is nothing better. I cherish the
days I spent climbing on stadium roofs or huge bridges
or on the antenna of the Empire State Building or at
Ground Zero, helping to recover remains and keep the
NYPD and FDNY and construction workers safe. The work
is exciting and rewarding, and most of the people in NDT
are some of the greatest I’ve ever known.
Get involved in ASNT or another organization where
you can contribute, not just for others but for yourself.
There were many times I was frustrated with circum-
stances in my career, and the people and mission of
ASNT kept me engaged and brightened my day.
Don’t take no for an answer. Perseverance is
important in any industry but in NDT it’s priceless.
Major: Go for it! Make sure you study hard, never stop
learning or striving for knowledge. It’s an ever-
changing field with each method having many facets.
Be the best at it that you can possibly be, and no one
will be able to stop you. Never limit yourself, let
naysayers get you down, or compromise your integrity.
Price: Always be professional, in everything you do.
Don’t get discouraged, set a goal and stick to it, you
can do it!
Roller: I would say to anyone who has a desire or
interest in this line of work, just go do it! Work hard
and be the best you can be, and you will succeed at
everything you do. I hire people based on their ability,
common sense, hard work, and good work ethic. I
have no doubt that women can do exceedingly well in
this industry, because we are not only great problem
solvers, but also excellent at multitasking, brain-
storming, perfectionism, and thinking outside the box.
We can do anything we put our minds to, and don’t let
anyone tell you otherwise.
Udpa: When I talk to women students about my
research projects, I start with how NDE can save lives.
That is always a selling point with women. The second
strength of NDE is that it is multidisciplinary. Students
326 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
working in NDE are exposed to a range of topics, such
as physics of electromagnetics, ultrasonics, finite
element modeling, and signal processing, which also
enhances their marketability after graduation.
What do you think the future of women in NDT looks
like?
Bruer: I foresee outstanding opportunities for women
in NDT! As this vitally needed skill set grows in our fast-
paced world of developing technologies and innovation,
the prospects for all young technicians is increasing
exponentially. Nondestructive testing prevents
accidents, avoids system failure through inspection
monitoring, and saves lives, making it an extremely
valuable and rewarding career. It is a technically diverse
profession that provides women outstanding opportuni-
ties to learn and advance. With the changing percep-
tions in our school systems, outreach programs targeting
girls, and ASNT’s efforts to ensure more women are
aware of nondestructive testing, I see a future that
includes more women joining me—an NDT examiner
who happens to also be female—in the workforce.
Dufur: I believe the future for women in NDT looks very
promising. Women need to be more informed about
the opportunity there is for a good career in NDT, and
that there are schools that offer free classes to
women, like AATA. I highly recommend women to look
into these opportunities.
Miceli: I hope that as women make strides in all STEM-
related fields and as general outreach of NDT increases,
we will see more and more women start to see it as not
only a viable option, but as one that allows them to make
the world a better place while earning a great living.
Bailey: I am quite optimistic about women entering
NDT in the future. As a teacher, I am seeing waves of
women attending classes, conferences, and entering
management positions. I can say that I have profes-
sional relations with at least 10 women who are
Level IIIs, and that is huge. Years ago, women would
exit this career early for various reasons, but they
mostly left due to family obligations. Now, families are
more dynamic, coparenting is more common, and
women are capable staying in a field that they love
longer. The sky’s the limit for women in NDT! w x
REFERENCES:
ASNT, 2016, From Vision to Mission: ASNT 1941 to 2016,
Columbus, Ohio.
Yoder, Brian, 2016, “Engineering by the Numbers,”
https://www.asee.org/documents/papers-and-
publications/publications/college-profiles/16Profile-Front-
Section.pdf
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 327
 EXHIBITORS
EXHIBITOR LISTING
Advanced OEM Solutions
Cincinnati, Ohio
Advanced OEM Solutions (AOS) is a
manufacturer of high-performance and
versatile ultrasonic phased array and
multichannel ultrasound instruments
perfect for custom solutions. Phased array
configurations include: 16/16, 32/32,
64/64, 16/128, 32/128, 128/128, and
256/256. Multichannel instruments
available with 16 and 32 channels. AOS
also produces next-generation ultrasound
phased array technology such as full-matrix
capture and total focusing method for high-
resolution imaging and ultra-high-speed
data transfer rates of over 160 MB/s. Our
instruments are open, allowing you to
customize the software user interface. Also,
OEM-PA is advanced but small enough to be
portable or mount on mechanical scanners,
saving cost on long, unreliable umbilical
cables. Service companies, integrators, and
researchers can all benefit! For more info
visit aos-ndt.com or email contact@aos-
ndt.com.
Advanced Test Equipment Rentals
San Diego, California
Advanced Test Equipment Rentals (ATEC) is
a leading high-tech equipment rental
company that provides short- and long-term
testing and measurement equipment for
rent. Since 1981, ATEC supplies an
extensive inventory of nondestructive
testing equipment for the evaluation of
materials, components, and infrastructures.
ATEC provides NDT and other testing
equipment to engineering, aerospace,
transportation, energy, and other industries
and manufacturers. NDT test equipment like
borescopes, thermal imaging cameras,
sound level meters, XRF analyzers, ultrasonic
flow meters, flaw detectors, shaft alignment
tools, and many other types of devices are
available for rent. ATEC is ISO-9001 certified
and ISO 17025 accredited in calibration.
Our friendly and knowledgeable team is
available to support all your needs. Visit
atecorp.com.
British Institute of NDT
Northampton, United Kingdom
The British Institute of Non-Destructive
Testing (BINDT) is the focal point of NDT in
the United Kingdom, and, in addition, is
increasingly taking on a global perspective.
The objective of BINDT is to promote the
advancement of the science and practice of
NDT, condition monitoring, diagnostic
engineering, and all other materials and
quality testing disciplines. In achieving this
aim, BINDT, which employs a permanent
staff at its Northampton, United Kingdom,
headquarters, relies on the support of
personnel, companies, and other
organizations in the NDT industry.
Membership is open to anyone or any
company working in or having an interest in
NDT, condition monitoring, diagnostic
engineering, or materials and quality
testing in general. Please visit our booth
and pick up a copy of the Institute’s journal,
Insight, as well as other publications and
information.
FlawTech, Inc.
Concord, North Carolina
FlawTech, Inc. has manufactured welded
and nonweld flawed nondestructive testing
(NDT) specimens and calibration standards
for over 35 years. FlawTech is recognized
globally as specialist in the manufacturing
of specimens containing “real flaws.”
Industries from all over the world have
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION
gallery
chosen FlawTech as their preferred
manufacturer for their NDT specimens to
provide their NDT technicians with the very
best training, practice, and qualification
specimens. FlawTech manufactures
specimens in most alloys and for any
NDT inspection method with more than
30 different discontinuities to choose from.
FlawTech offers an extensive selection of
stock specimens designed for various
training and code applications. FlawTech is
renowned in the area of custom specimen
design and research and development for
unique alloys, geometries, and NDT
inspection techniques. Regardless of your
industry’s certification requirements,
specimen complexities, or delivery
requirements, contact FlawTech when
quality is critical. Come by our booth or
visit our website at flawtech.com.
InfraTec Infrared, LLC
Plano, Texas
The privately owned company of InfraTec
GmbH Infrarotsensorik und Messtechnik
has its headquarters in Dresden, Germany,
and was founded in 1991. Today, it is a
fully integrated company with its own
departments of development, production,
and service, employing over 200 highly
qualified specialists. The brand InfraTec®
stands for the array of services and
products offered, focusing on sensor
technology and infrared measurement. The
infrared measurement technology division
at InfraTec is among the leading providers
of thermal imaging technologies for
contactless thermographic temperature
measurement and security applications.
The range of services offered spans from
the sale of individual systems over the
outfitting of original equipment
manufacturer components to the delivery
of turnkey thermography automation
solutions. Applications in the field of safety
331
EXHIBITORS gallery
(InfraTec Infrared, LLC, cont.)
also encompass a broad field, from
automated early detection systems for fires
in waste bunkers to the monitoring of
critical infrastructure elements and
equipment like portable, fixed, vehicle-
bound, and airborne infrared solutions for
safety and security tasks such as
surveillance, harbor protection, and search
and rescue missions. The range of exclusive
products offered by InfraTec includes the
high-end camera series ImageIR®, which is
both developed and produced in-house by
InfraTec for applications with the highest
requirements of measurement speeds and
thermal and geometrical resolution, as well
as a varied assortment of application-
specific software solutions in the IRBIS® 3
family for data acquisition and analysis.
JENTEK Sensors, Inc.
Marlborough, Massachusetts
JENTEK Sensors, Inc. will exhibit the new jET
handheld eddy current array tester. The jET
weighs less than 1 lb (~0.45 kg) and
provides the highest impedance
measurement performance available with a
wide frequency range (2.5 Hz to 20 MHz).
With seven parallel channels (no
multiplexing), capability to measure
impedance at three simultaneous
frequencies, and up to 1200 impedance
measurements per second, the jET can
deliver rapid and convenient inspection.
Laser Technology, Inc.
Norristown, Pennsylvania
Laser Technology, Inc. (LTI) has over 40
years of experience as a premier
manufacturer of nondestructive digital
shearography and holography testing
equipment. LTI has provided unique and
creative NDT solutions to the aerospace,
automotive, electronics, marine, medical,
rail, and civil engineering industries, as
332 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
well as many others, since 1982. Our high-
speed laser-based NDT systems detect
many types of production and repair issues
that can potentially cause equipment and
operations failure. Laser methods are highly
effective but not limited to composites,
sandwich panels, COPV, metal-bonded
structures, rocket engines, and thermal
protection systems. Additionally, LTI offers
in-house or onsite testing services and laser
methods training courses to SNT-TC-1A,
NAS 410 for Level II and III. Our team of
highly skilled engineers, technicians, and
client support personnel are dedicated to
providing superior equipment, expert
technical support, and quality training.
Contact LTI at laserndt.com,
lti@laserndt.com, or (800) 832-4846.
M2M
San Francisco, California
M2M develops, manufactures, and sells
ultrasound phased array systems for
nondestructive testing. To meet industrial
requirements for inspection, M2M offers
products ranging from massively parallel
systems (256+ channels) to portable
systems like GEKKO. M2M products are
used worldwide by integrators, inspection
service companies, and research and
development laboratories. Since 2014,
M2M products have been used in the
aerospace, steel, oil and gas, power
generation, and automotive industries.
M2M systems come with cutting-edge
functionalities like advanced ultrasound
imaging and 3D imaging, surface adapting
ultrasound, total focusing methods, full
matrix capture, and smart flexible arrays.
M2M also offers support and training
services and works with probe
manufacturers and integrators to offer
packaged solutions. Today, M2M has more
than 850 systems deployed in 25 countries.
Met-L-Chek Co.
Santa Monica, California
Met-L-Chek Co. has been a pioneer in
penetrant inspection since 1952. That’s 66
years of quality, service, and expertise,
providing our customers with maximum
value. Met-L-Chek manufactures a full line
of AMS-2644 QPL approved penetrants that
meet or exceed aerospace and nuclear
specification requirements, and is
ISO-9001-15 certified. In addition, our
popular Pen-Chek® testing program can
provide the laboratory analyses required by
ASTM E-1417 regardless of what brand of
penetrants are involved. Met-L-Chek is
known for its newsletter, “The Penetrant
Professor,” which is distributed via email.
The subjects in this newsletter are largely
driven by the readers and frequently
address knotty situations that have been
successfully dealt with by other inspectors.
In addition to QPL-approved penetrants,
Met-L-Chek also supplies magnetic
particles, UVA lights, aqueous alkaline
cleaners, and other ancillary materials used
in NDT inspections. Met-L-Chek has a close
working relationship with other quality-
conscious suppliers such as CeeBee
Aerospace, Circle Systems, and Labino.
Contact us at (310) 450-1111 or email
info@met-l-chek.com for your inspection
material needs.
Metal Fatigue Solutions, Inc.
Las Vegas, Nevada
Metal Fatigue Solutions, Inc. (MFS) is a
premier manufacturer of metal fatigue
sensing devices worldwide. A US-based
manufacturer, MFS develops devices and
systems that indicate the true status of
fatigue damage in structural metal
components. MFS offerings are in use for
both structural health monitoring as well as
advanced dynamic nondestructive testing
and nondestructive inspection. Though MFS
technologies are high tech, their solution
delivery is straightforward and practical for
the number of markets they serve. Existing
markets include bridges and highways,
military applications, dams, vertical
structures, ships, cranes, railways, power
plants, nuclear facilities, chemical plants,
mining equipment, piping systems, and
mechanical systems. Best known for its
EXHIBITORS gallery
(Metal Fatigue Solutions, Inc., cont.)
electrochemical fatigue sensor-based
technologies, EFS CrackChek and
FatigueWatch systems detect and monitor
growing fatigue cracks on metal structures.
MFS additionally manufactures and designs
the Fatigue Fuse, a calibrated cycle counter
designed to be affixed to a structure to give
warnings at preselected percentages of the
fatigue life that has been exhausted. Used
extensively on military bridges and other
permanent bridge and civil infrastructure
assets, the Fatigue Fuse is often affixed to
movable bridges deployed by various
countries worldwide.
Olympus Scientific Solutions
Americas - SPONSOR
Waltham, Massachusetts
Olympus provides a portfolio of innovative
test, measurement, and imaging
instruments. Testing technologies include
remote visual inspection, microscopy,
ultrasound, phased array, eddy current,
eddy current array, X-ray fluorescence (XRF),
X-ray diffraction (XRD), and optical
metrology. Our products include ultrasonic
flaw detectors and thickness gauges, video
borescopes, borescopes, microscopes, XRF
and XRD analyzers, in-line and advanced
nondestructive testing systems, and a large
selection of industrial scanners, probes,
software programs, and instrument
accessories. Olympus instruments are used
in industrial and research applications
ranging from aerospace, power generation,
petrochemical, manufacturing, and
automotive to consumer products. Olympus
instruments contribute to the quality of
products and add to the safety of
infrastructure and facilities.
PRAGMA
Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
PRAGMA specializes in the design and
manufacture of portable instruments and
systems for nondestructive testing (NDT).
Technologies such as phased array,
334 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
ultrasonic, and eddy current are provided Commission regulations. We provide
with multimodality and portability. PRAGMA radiation sources used in a wide variety of
distinguishes itself by focusing on testing and measurement applications,
improving workflow efficiency and keeping specializing in NDT, but also including X-ray
NDT technologies accessible and easy to florescence, neutron activation analysis,
operate. PRAGMA’s products and solutions thickness/level/mass/flow gauging, oil well
are helping the aerospace, oil and gas, logging, reactor startup, and security
transportation, and heavy industries. Our imaging and inspection. We also offer a
mission is to provide the NDT market with comprehensive range of NDT equipment
portable instruments and systems that are and accessories, including gamma
high performance, yet simple to use and radiography projectors, X-ray equipment,
application-driven. Every day, our team of and digital radiography systems. In addition
passionate engineers and technicians roll to that, QSA offers a wide variety of safety
up their sleeves and produce little marvels. equipment, training courses, and services.
PRAGMA products are very powerful and
simple to use, handling multiple modalities
and multiple platforms. We feel NDT
requires the most up-to-date technology,
the most effective products, and the most
accurate traceability. It’s our contribution to
make our world safer and our industries
more effective. Sherwin, Inc.
South Gate, California
Sherwin, Inc. has been manufacturing the
Dubl-Chek line of penetrants since 1964.
Dubl-Chek products are approved by
governing agencies worldwide: the US
QSA Global, Inc. government, the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers, ASTM International,
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
AMS-2644, and prime aerospace and
We strive to provide the highest quality
military contractors and original equipment
radioisotopes, nondestructive testing (NDT)
manufacturers. Dubl-Chek fluorescent
equipment, security image inspection
penetrants are used widely in aerospace,
systems, and education in radiation around
while Dubl-Chek visible penetrants are used
the globe. Our commitment inspires our
throughout the welding and nuclear power
innovative designs, excellent service, and
industries. Sherwin, an independent
continuous process improvements. QSA
penetrant manufacturer, is committed to
Global, Inc. specializes in supplying high-
providing its customers with the best
quality, high-performance radiation sources
quality products at very competitive prices.
used in NDT devices, oil well logging,
Our products are manufactured and
industrial processes, and medical research.
available around the world. We have a
With over 100 years in organizational
complete line of penetrants and magnetic
experience, we distinguish ourselves as
particle products approved by all major
leading experts in radiation source
defense and aerospace contractors:
encapsulation, sealed source distribution,
fluorescent and visible penetrants,
and turnkey services. Our global network of
emulsifiers, developers, cleaners, solvent
export specialists and brokers gives
removers, penetrant test pieces, ultraviolet
customers the expertise they need when
lamps, accessories, and fluorescent and
trying to solve challenging logistics issues.
colored particles.
A comprehensive quality control process
guarantees our industrial and medical
sources meet or exceed all industry
standards, including US Nuclear Regulatory
EXHIBITORS
SONOTEC US, Inc.
Islandia, New York
SONOTEC US, Inc. is a subsidiary of
Germany-headquartered SONOTEC GmbH.
We recently developed SONOAIR, the first
and only phased array, air-coupled,
noncontact UT inspection system in the
world. In addition, we manufacture high-
end A/B-scan thickness gauges, flaw
detectors, and standard probes according
to European and North American standards.
With more than 25 years of experience,
SONOTEC designs high-quality OEM
immersion, contact, phased array, or air-
coupled probes for a large variety of UT
applications. Ultrasonic innovations made
in Germany and local service provided in
the United States is what we stand for.
Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Boca Raton, Florida
Taylor & Francis Group partners with
researchers, scholarly societies,
universities, and libraries worldwide to
bring knowledge to life. As one of the
world’s leading publishers of scholarly
journals, books, ebooks, and reference
works, our content spans all areas of
humanities, social sciences, science, and
technology. From our network of offices in
Oxford, Philadelphia, New York, Melbourne,
Singapore, Beijing, Tokyo, Stockholm, New
Delhi, and Johannesburg, Taylor & Francis
staff provide local expertise and support to
our editors, societies, and authors.
Thermal Wave Imaging, Inc.
Ferndale, Michigan
Thermal Wave Imaging is a leading
innovator and provider of state-of-the-art
thermographic nondestructive testing
solutions ranging from low-cost portable
systems for field applications to highly
sophisticated automated inspection
equipment for manufacturing and quality
assurance. Our commercial off-the-shelf
equipment, custom turnkey solutions, and
testing and evaluation services are
designed to meet the critical needs of
aerospace, power generation, and
automotive original equipment
manufacturers and suppliers.
gallery
UTEX Scientific Instruments, Inc.
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
Supporting choice, flexibility, and
automation for nondestructive testing, UTEX
develops software, instrumentation, and
mechanical systems for builders and users
of advanced nondestructive testing
systems. We serve clients in all sectors of
the NDT community including aerospace,
power generation, oil and gas, and
transportation. We also serve the leading
producers in the metals, composites, food,
and plastics manufacturing industries. We
believe that NDT should be an integrated
part of manufacturing, not a separate
process. We also believe in using
automation to liberate people from tedious
and repetitive activities, so that they can
focus on more important work. UTEX is
unique in the field of NDT because we have
developed a software platform that enables
NDT operators, engineers, and systems
builders to work together to deliver the best
possible NDT systems. InspectionWare
enables NDT engineers and operators to
specify exactly what they need to serve
their process, including user interfaces that
intuitively follow their workflow and easy
automation for tedious setups and system
readiness checks. Instrument manufacturers
and automation engineers finally have an
NDT engineering platform that enables them
to work together. InspectionWare integrates
the semiautomated subsystems of
instruments, motion control, data
management, and factory networking. UTEX
is devoted to simplifying the job of
selecting the right equipment for your NDT
process and making it work together
seamlessly. Together with our systems
integration partners, we deliver
sophisticated NDT systems, online process
control systems, and materials
characterization systems of all types.
Verasonics
Kirkland, Washington
Verasonics, a leader in research ultrasound
technology, designs, manufactures, and
distributes state-of-the-art phased array
ultrasound research systems. Verasonics’
open architecture and novel technologies
facilitate research and development for
academic and commercial investigators. The
Verasonics Vantage system is a completely
programmable ultrasonic acquisition
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION
platform, providing real-time access to
radio-frequency data for every channel, and
patented algorithms for data collection and
analysis. Verasonics systems facilitate the
creation and optimization of emerging
applications in nondestructive evaluation
NDT/NDE, with fully programmable transmit
sequences and focal laws, and arbitrary
waveform capability on every channel.
Other available techniques include time of
flight diffraction and guided wave testing
for detection and characterization of
material discontinuities, 3D data acquisition
for volume assessment of materials, closed
crack detection for improved quality control
and structural health monitoring, and full
matrix capture with real-time acquisition in
high resolution. The Vantage systems with
64, 128, or 256 channels are available in
three frequency ranges from 50 kHz to
50 MHz. Based in Kirkland, Washington,
Verasonics licenses its technology, sells
research systems and software
components, and provides consulting
services to customers worldwide.
VisiConsult GmbH
Stockelsdorf, Germany
VisiConsult GmbH is a family owned
company located in Northern Germany and
is a specialist for customized and standard
X-ray NDT systems. More than 25 years of
expertise in automatic defect recognition
and image enhancement for a broad variety
of industries combined with experienced
engineers result in solutions that set new
industry standards. All systems are
manufactured in-house as turn-key
solutions. VisiConsult has a subsidiary in
Atlanta and is ready to serve the market.
The fully automatic X-ray inspection system
XRHRobotStar, developed and
manufactured by VisiConsult, reduces the
inspection time to an absolute minimum.
By parallelizing the loading, unloading,
and testing steps, the cycle time is just
dependent on the number of test positions.
The X-ray equipment is mounted on a
C-Arm, which is attached to a robot. This
ensures a fast and free movement. The
robot will adapt to the part and the software
performs the automatic defect recognition.
This makes part holders and exact
positioning unnecessary. The result is a far
more flexible, scalable, and faster system.
The cabinet is available with a belt or star
337
EXHIBITORS gallery
(VisiConsult GmbH, cont.)
conveyor system, depending on the parts
and application. Because of the short cycle
time and high reliability, the system is
especially eligible for industries with an
automated 24/7 production and high
volumes. Over five systems are already
installed at casting parts suppliers for
several prestigious German car
manufacturers with great success.
YXLON
Hudson, Ohio
YXLON International, a member of the
Comet Group, designs and produces
338 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
radioscopic and computed tomography
inspection systems for a wide variety of
applications and fields. Whether situated in
the aviation and aerospace, automotive, or
electronics industry, our customers are
among the largest producers and major
enterprises that place their confidence in
our quality worldwide. The name YXLON
stands for assurance and quality for all
types of cast parts, tires, electrical and
electronic components, turbine blades,
welded joints, and a lot more. Our product
portfolio includes X-ray systems for
installation in radiological inspection
envelopes and universal X-ray inspection
systems on the basis of fully shielded
devices, as well as solutions specific to a
customer. Whether in manual,
semiautomated, or fully automated
operation, our inspection systems are ideal
for deployment in research and
development and can be integrated into any
production process. With our headquarters
in Hamburg, Germany; sales and service
locations in Tokyo and Osaka, Japan;
Hudson, Ohio; San Jose, California; Beijing
and Shanghai, China; and Hattingen and
Heilbronn, Germany; as well as a network
of representatives in over 50 countries,
as YXLON we are local for our customers
all over the world. Feel free to email
YXLON@YXLON.com, visit YXLON.com,
or call (234) 284-7849 or toll-free
(877) 972-9100. w x
PRODUCT gallery
High-Resolution Wireless Digital
Detector
Carestream Non-Destructive Testing intro-
duces the new wireless HPX-DR high-reso-
lution digital DR detector that provides
higher resolution, heavy-duty shielding,
optimum portability, and improved
workflow for use in many NDT mobile and
lab inspection applications. This next-
generation DR detector features a
139 micron pixel pitch, wireless capability,
and a heavy-duty IP57 enclosure, making
it well suited for mobile NDT work. It excels
342 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
in a lab environment where it can be run in
a tethered configuration for rapid data
transfer. Long-life lithium batteries provide
up to several hundred images per charge,
and with the optional three-battery charger
pack and hot swap feature, crews can keep
working as long as needed without
rebooting. The HPX-DR weighs only 5.6 kg
(12.5 lb), making it one of the lightest, most
compact industrial detectors available.
Carestream NDT
Rochester, New York
carestream.com/nondestructivetesting.html
SPOTLIGHT w
x Guided Wave Testing

Quantitative Short-Range Technology

A new “breakthrough” inspection technology makes it possible to remotely
scan and map areas of corrosion in inaccessible pipe walls for the first time.
QSR (quantitative short range)—a new type of guided wave technology—can
provide accurate measurements of pipe wall thickness in hard-to-reach areas,
such as behind wall supports. It is the latest innovation from Guided
Ultrasonics Limited (GUL). David Alleyne, who founded GUL in 1999, said the
company recognized the need for a way to measure wall thickness remotely.
As with the original long-range guided wave technique, Alleyne believes QSR
will find wider applications than pipelines.
Guided Ultrasonics, Ltd., Brentford, United Kingdom
guided-ultrasonics.com

Pipe Testing Instrument

Designed for long-range pipe integrity, Olympus’s UltraWave LRT system
utilizes guided wave technology to perform long-range inspections on buried,
coated, and insulated pipes and pipelines. The system’s advanced software,
battery-operated acquisition unit, robust touch-screen laptop, and compact
probes combine with a low-clearance inspection collar to facilitate installation
in limited-access locations. UltraWave LRT features a unique F-scan color map
to display the entire frequency range acquired during inspections, making it
easy for operators to select the most sensitive frequencies for further
analysis. The user-friendly software also offers a step-by-step wizard and
intuitive database management structure, while automated and customizable
reports compile inspection data into a single document.
Olympus, Billerica, Massachusetts
olympus-ims.com

Ultrasonic Platform
Verasonics is committed to advancing materials science research and
innovation. Using the Vantage system, researchers have access to a highly
programmable ultrasonic platform with advanced phased array technology.
New Vantage capabilities in materials science/nondestructive testing include
time of flight diffraction for assessing welds for discontinuities; 3D data
acquisition for volume assessment of materials; closed crack detection for
improved quality control and structural health monitoring; guided wave
testing for detection and characterization of material defects; and full matrix
capture with real-time acquisitions in high resolution.
Verasonics, Inc., Kirkland, Washington
verasonics.com

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 343

Participate
Participate in American
National Standards
Development
ASNT’s Standards Development
Committee (SDC) develops ASNT’s
standards, including ANSI/ASNT
CP-106: Nondestructive Testing —
Qualification and Certification of
Personnel, ANSI/ASNT CP-105; ASNT
Standard Training Outlines of
Nondestructive Testing Personnel.
ANSI/ASNT CP-189: ASNT Standard
for Qualification and Certification of
Nondestructive Testing Personnel and
ANSI/ASNT ILI-PQ: In-line Inspection
Personnel Qualification and
Certification.
If you wish to join the SDC and
participate in the development of
American National Standards,
contact SDC Secretary Charles
Longo at clongo@asnt.org. More
information is available at
asnt.org/publications/
standards/standards.htm.
Patents
Have you been awarded a
patent?
If you have recently been granted a
new patent by a government patent
office, we invite you to let us know
about it. We are looking for patents
that describe innovations in the
science and practice of nondestruc-
tive testing. You can send a few
paragraphs describing the invention
and its range of applications, and a
copy of the patent document (or if it
was issued by the United States
Patent and Trademark Office, you
can just give us the patent number).
E-mail to ndeguy@yahoo.com with
“ASNT M.E. New Patents” in the
subject line.
For more information on the
patents, go to the US Patent and
Trademark Office website at
www.uspto.gov.
344 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
PRODUCT gallery
LED UV-A, IP65 Rated Flood Lamps
Spectronics Corporation, a leader in ultra-
violet fluorescent equipment, is releasing
the first two models of the EDGE™ 13
Series, a new group of fanless, LED UV-A,
IP65 rated flood lamps. Each model is
designed for overhead applications in
nondestructive testing and fluorescent
inspection. The EDG-13SBLC is a fully
ASTM E3022-2015 and Rolls-Royce 90061
compliant LED UV-A flood lamp for
overhead nondestructive testing. The required within refrigeration applications
EDG-13T is a noncompliant flood lamp and is rated for use at temperatures as low
perfect for NDT professionals who require as –40° C ( –40° F).
Bacharach, Inc.
New Kensington, Pennsylvania
mybacharach.com
Thin-Film Filter Photodetectors
Opto Diode Corporation, an ITW company,
introduces the SXUV100TF135 and
SXUV100TF135B photodiodes with inte-
grated thin-film filters. The detectors each
feature a 100 mm2 active area and a
a rugged, high-intensity lamp to spot fluo- directly deposited thin-film filter for
rescent indications on large parts. Both detection between 12 nm and 18 nm.
EDGE 13 models come with 2.4 m (8 ft) Both detectors have a typical responsivity
and 6.1 m (20 ft) AC power cord options
and are available for every country-of-
of 0.09 A/W at 13.5 nm and are optimized
for different electrical performance. The
destination. All models are gangable and photodiodes are ideal for use in applica-
can share the same power supply—making tions such as laser power monitoring, semi-
it easier to expand the inspection area by conductor photolithography, and metrology
joining units together. systems that utilize extreme ultraviolet light.
Spectronics Corporation The SXUV100TF135 model is optimized for
Westbury, New York higher speed reverse bias voltage operation.
spectroline.com The device has low capacitance, typically
260 pF, with a reverse bias voltage of
Instrument for CO2 Leak Detection 12 volts. The SXUV100TF135B is optimized
As the use of CO2 gas increases in popu- for zero bias voltage operation, where low
larity as a natural refrigerant due to its low dark current is of paramount importance. The
environmental impact and increasing HFC detector has a high shunt resistance greater
(hydrofluorocarbon) regulations, than 10 M.
Bacharach, a leading manufacturer of Opto Diode Corporation
refrigerant and gas leak detection from Camarillo, California
optodiode.com w x
monitoring instruments and data solutions
to combustion and emissions analyzers, is
offering an effective CO2 leak detection
monitor for industrial and retail refrigera-
tion applications. This instrument is
selective, taking into consideration both
response times and operating tempera-
tures in these applications. Bacharach’s
instrument is also appropriately specified
for use in the operating temperatures
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 345

Detection Technology Announces
ISO 9001:2015; ISO 14001:2015
Certifications
Detection Technology, a global leader in
X-ray imaging solutions, announced that
it has been granted ISO 9001:2015 and
ISO 14001:2015 certification. In 2016,
Detection Technology made a strategic
decision to upgrade its certified
ISO 9001:2008 quality management
system and ISO 14001:2004 environ-
mental management system to the latest
ISO 2015 standards. In addition, the
INDUSTRY
company decided to certify its newly
established Beijing factory according to
the ISO 14001:2015 standard require-
ments. The factory has been ISO 9001
certified since 2015.
The certificates were granted to the
company’s Oulu site in Finland in
November and the Beijing sites in
December 2017. For the first time, the
company earned certification under
ISO 9001 in 2000 and ISO 14001 in 2006.
Lloyd’s Register Quality Assurance, Ltd.
has audited and registered the company’s
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION
news
quality and environmental systems
since then.
Aerotech Inspection Expands into
India
For many years, Aerotech Inspection &
NDT, Ltd. has been a supplier of nonde-
structive testing across the United
Kingdom. Offering a multitude of nonde-
structive testing services including radiog-
raphy, surface inspection, and ultrasonic
testing, Aerotech has served a wide
spectrum of industries from their head
347
Contact ASNT INDUSTRY
The ASNT International Service Center is open from 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Eastern time, Monday
news
through Friday. Voicemail messages can be left 24 hours a day by following the recorded prompts. In office in Cradley Heath, West Midlands,
the U.S. and Canada, call toll free (800) 222-2768 or (614) 274-6003; fax (614) 274-6899. Email
addresses for individual staff members are given below. If you prefer, write ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, and their satellite facility in Yeovil.
P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. ASNT’s website is available at www.asnt.org. Now, recognizing that India is one of
AREA OF INQUIRY CONTACT (EXTENSION) EMAIL
the fastest growing economies in the
Executive Offices
Executive Director Arny Bereson (201) abereson@asnt.org world, Aerotech has opened their first
Executive Assistant Michelle Thomas (223) mthomas@asnt.org international office based in Dharwad,
Accounting Department India. The new company, known as
Chief Financial Officer Mary Potter (203) mpotter@asnt.org
Account balance inquiries Angie Guzzo (228) aguzzo@asnt.org Aerotech Inspection and NDT [India] PVT,
Credit and collections Trina Coakley (220) tcoakley@asnt.org Ltd., is based close to a major supplier of
Dues payment inquiries Margaret Leonard (229) mleonard@asnt.org
investment castings to the aerospace
Book Department
Book and catalog orders Kimberly Donaldson (242) kdonaldson@asnt.org industry. From there they will not only
Tomeka McCutcheon (215) tmccutcheon@asnt.org provide a more local and comprehensive
Customer service supervisor Trina Coakley (220) tcoakley@asnt.org
support for this customer, but also use it
Certification and Technical Services Department
Chief Technical Officer James Bennett (250) jbennett@asnt.org as a base to offer services to a wider
Certification inquires (exams/renewals) Lisa Law (226) llaw@asnt.org market in India.
Jennifer Harris (237) jharris@asnt.org
Tricia Davis (219) tdavis@asnt.org Aerotech (India) will be managed by
NDT Technical Specialist Charles Longo (241) clongo@asnt.org Somnath Jagtap, a very experienced and
NDT Technical Specialist/Certification Manager Donny Didion (240) ddidion@asnt.org
NDT Technical Specialist/Quality Manager Brian Frye (218) bfrye@asnt.org highly qualified NDT and auditing profes-
Instructional Designer Bob Conklin (275) bconklin@asnt.org sional, who, along with other qualifica-
Conference Department tions, currently holds ASNT Level III
Senior Manager of Conferences Christine Schnitzer (202) cschnitzer@asnt.org
Conference registration Angie Guzzo (228) aguzzo@asnt.org certification in six NDT disciplines and has
Exhibit and event coordination Ruth Staat (227) rstaat@asnt.org experience in a variety of industry sectors,
Level III refresher courses Alicia LeMasters (213) alemasters@asnt.org
CEU program Angie Guzzo (228) aguzzo@asnt.org ranging from heavy metal forming to on-
Program coordination Alicia LeMasters (213) alemasters@asnt.org wing aerospace applications.
Internet
ASNT website Stephen Schaefer (222) sschaefer@asnt.org
Advertising Diane Oen (209) doen@asnt.org NSI European Sites Attain
Marketing Communications Department Accreditation
Senior Manager of Marketing Communications Garra Liming (211) gliming@asnt.org North Star Imaging (NSI), which is head-
Advertising Supervisor Diane Oen (209) doen@asnt.org
Public Relations and Brand Manager Dana Sims (244) dsims@asnt.org quartered in Rogers, Minnesota,
Corporate design services Paul Conley (232) pconley@asnt.org announced that their Paris, France, and
Member Relations and Services Department
High Wycombe, United Kingdom, facilities
Senior Manager of Member Relations and Services Heather Cowles (216) hcowles@asnt.org
Awards Jessica Ames (233) awards@asnt.org have acquired ISO 9001:2008 certification.
Sections Coordinator Debbie Segor (235) dsegor@asnt.org NSI’s sites in Europe have amended the
Program Coordinator Jessica Ames (233) james@asnt.org
Committee participation Jessica Ames (233) james@asnt.org existing processes and procedures to
Member benefits Pat White (217) pwhite@asnt.org improve efficiency and maintain high
President’s Award points Debbie Segor (235) presaward@asnt.org
levels of customer satisfaction. As a result
Publications Department
Senior Manager of Publications Tim Jones (204) tjones@asnt.org of the implementation of these processes,
Library Haley Cowans (245) hcowans@asnt.org the European facilities acquired their certi-
Materials Evaluation
Advertising Diane Oen (209) doen@asnt.org
fication on 5 December 2017.
Articles Jill Ross (224) jross@asnt.org
Buyers Guide
Calendar
Diane Oen (209)
Haley Cowans (245)
doen@asnt.org
hcowans@asnt.org
Cyberhawk Completes ASME
Employment Service Haley Cowans (245) hcowans@asnt.org Inspection at US Nuclear Power
Ready Reference Guide Jill Ross (224) jross@asnt.org Plant
Reprints Haley Cowans (245) hcowans@asnt.org
Section News Debbie Segor (235) presaward@asnt.org Cyberhawk Innovations, a market leader in
NDT Handbook Editor Karen Balkin (207) kbalkin@asnt.org inspection and survey using unmanned
NDTMarketplace inquiries Haley Cowans (245) hcowans@asnt.org aerial vehicles (UAV), has inspected two
Advertising Diane Oen (209) doen@asnt.org
Educational Materials inquiries Cynthia Leeman (225) cleeman@asnt.org concrete containment domes for American
Toni Kervina (205) tkervina@asnt.org Electric Power (AEP) at the Cook Nuclear
RNDE inquiries Hollis Humphries (206) hhumphries@asnt.org Plant, located along Lake Michigan’s
The NDT Technician (TNT) inquiries Haley Cowans (245) hcowans@asnt.org
eastern shoreline. Although drones have
If you are having trouble locating who should handle your inquiry, please ask the operator at extension
200 to direct your call to the appropriate department personnel. previously been utilized in the nuclear
industry, this was the first time a drone
has been used by the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers (ASME) according to

348 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018

the Section XI Code. The code refers to
several American Concrete Institute
standards for completing an examination,
and this inspection has been recognized
within the nuclear industry as a best
practice based on these standards.
Traditionally, inspections of this type
would involve using a personnel basket
with a 60 m (180 ft) crane, incurring
significant time and cost just to get the
equipment to the site and set up for the
inspection. In contrast, it took just one
week for Cyberhawk to inspect both
containment domes using a drone
with minimal site disruption. The drone
inspection generated direct cost savings
of over 300% for AEP, as well as signifi-
cant indirect cost savings through
reduced site disruption. Additionally, the
drone inspection method involved
capturing images of 100% of the dome
surface to the ASME code standard, with
the results digitized into a 3D point cloud
that will allow direct digital comparison
for any future inspections.
LSP Awarded SBIR Grant for Bond
Strength Evaluation
LSP Technologies, Inc. (LSPT) has been
awarded a US Air Force Small Business
Innovative Research (SBIR) Technology
Transition Program to enhance its laser
bond inspection (LBI) system, used to
evaluate bond strength in adhesively
bonded composite structures. The
program is aimed at developing a fiber-
optic delivery system that will increase
the flexibility and capability of current
LBI technology.
The program is a two-year effort,
funded by the Air Force Research
Laboratory’s ManTech Division, the Air
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION
Force SBIR Program Office, and the Office
of Naval Research. Successful maturation
of a fiber-optic laser beam delivery
system will enable LSPT’s LBI system to
access a greater percentage of an adhe-
sively bonded structure and will facilitate
the inspection of partially closed-out
structures.
Zeiss Acquires Majority Stake in
Bosello
Zeiss, based in Germany, and Bosello High
Technology, based in Italy, have
announced that the Zeiss Group will
acquire a majority stake in the provider of
industrial X-ray solutions. For Zeiss,
Bosello’s tailor-made solutions are a
further step in the process of evolving into
a one-stop provider of nondestructive
measuring and inspection technology. The
shared goal is to strengthen inline
349
INDUSTRY news
computed tomography in the production
environment, a technology that increases
the level of quality in the inspection
of aluminum cast parts. The initial
customer focus will be on the automotive
industry.
Moving forward, the employees at the
Bosello site near Milan, Italy, will be part
of the Zeiss X-ray network and will play a
key role in further expanding the business.
For Zeiss, this is a key enhancement to the
nondestructive measuring and inspection
global strategy.
Subject to the approval of the competi-
tion authorities, the agreement is expected
to come into effect in the first half of
January. Both partners have agreed not to
disclose the purchase price or the extent
of the stake.
350 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
Mistras Acquires West Penn Testing
Mistras Group, Inc., a “one source” global
provider of technology-enabled asset
protection solutions, announced that it
acquired West Penn Testing Group (West
Penn) for $74 million in cash.
West Penn is headquartered near
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and also has
locations in Richburg, South Carolina, and
Savannah, Georgia. West Penn provides a
wide variety of nondestructive testing
services at its in-house facilities focused
primarily on aerospace customers. West
Penn is Nadcap accredited, ISO 9001 and
AS 9100 certified, and complies with an
extensive array of client and industry
codes and specifications. West Penn’s
president, Jim DeCellis, will function as
Mistras Group’s regional manager,
overseeing the West Penn business as part
of the company’s services segment.
Mistras funded the West Penn acquisi-
tion with borrowings from its recently
amended $250 million agreement that
was announced in 2017. The company
expects this acquisition to be accretive to
earnings per share in 2018. w x
Write Us
Industry News
Materials Evaluation publishes information
on the activities of businesses in the NDT
field of a noncommercial nature. Send
press releases concerning Industry News
to Haley Cowans at hcowans@asnt.org.
NEW media
New Report on Industrial X-ray
Inspection System Market
Research and Markets has added a new
report to its offerings: “Global Industrial X-
Ray Inspection System Market - By Imaging
Technique, By Digital Imaging Type, By
Digital Radiography Type, By End User, By
Region, By Country (2017–2022).” This
report, created by Azoth Analytics,
indicates that the global industrial X-ray
inspection system market has grown at a
sustained CAGR of 5.7% in the period
2012–2017 and amounted to US $526
million in the year 2017.
A comprehensive research report
created through extensive primary research
(including inputs from industry experts,
companies, and stakeholders) and
352 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
secondary research, the report aims to
present the analysis of the global indus-
trial X-ray inspection system market on the
basis of imaging technique type (film-
based imaging and digital imaging); by
digital imaging type (digital radiography and
computed tomography); by digital radiog-
raphy type (direct digital radiography and
computed radiography); by end user indus-
tries (food and pharmaceutical, manufac-
turing, automotive, aerospace, oil and gas,
power generation, government infrastruc-
ture, and others); by region (North America,
Europe, Asia Pacific, and ROW [rest of
world]), and by country (United States of
America, Canada, United Kingdom,
Germany, France, India, China, Japan, Brazil,
South Africa, and Saudi Arabia).
The report covers and analyzes the
potential of the global industrial X-ray
inspection system market and provides
statistics and information on market size,
shares, and growth factors. The report
intends to provide cutting-edge market
intelligence and help decision makers
make sound investment evaluation. The
report also identifies and analyzes
emerging trends along with major drivers,
challenges, and opportunities in the global
industrial X-ray inspection system market.
Additionally, the report also highlights
market-entry strategies for various
companies across the globe.
researchandmarkets.com w x
CORPORATE
3angles, Inc. (Albany, NY)
3D Engineering Solutions
(Cincinnati, OH)
3E NDT, LLC (La Porte, TX)
3IG Corp. (Taipei, Taiwan)
4A Inspection, LLC (Houston, TX)
A Coast to Coast Inspection Services,
Abdallah I AlTamimi Industrial
Services (Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia)
Academy of Infrared Training, Inc.
(Coquitlam, Canada)
Access Plug Flange, Inc. (Houston, TX)
ACML 2i2S (Alexandria, Egypt)
ACNDT, Inc. (Middleburg, FL)
Acoustic Technology Group
(Grandville, MI)
ACS-Solutions GmbH (Saarbrucken,
Germany)
Actemmx, LLC (Saint Peters, MO)
Acuren (Edmonton, Canada)
Adaptive Energy (University Place, WA)
ADEMINSA (Lima, Peru)
Aduche, Ltd. (Port Harcourt, Nigeria)
Advanced Energy (Fort Collins, CO)
Advanced Inspection Technologies
(Melbourne, FL)
Advanced Material Solutions
(Phoenix, AZ)
Advanced OEM Solutions
(Cincinnati, OH)
Advanced Test Equipment Rentals
(San Diego, CA)
AEIS (Rahway, NJ)
Aero Norway AS (Sola, Norway)
Aerofab NDT, LLC (Kent, WA)
Aerotest Operations, Inc.
(San Ramon, CA)
AES Destructive & NDT, Ltd.
(Kwai Chung, Hong Kong)
A-Fab Co., Inc. (Gibsonton, FL)
African NDT Centre Pty., Ltd.
(Centurion, South Africa)
AGD Inspection Services, LLC
(Stafford, TX)
AGR Inspection, Inc. (Burleson, TX)
AIP (Houston, TX)
AIP Global Strategies (Pelham, NH)
Aircraft Inspection Services
(Grand Rapids, MI)
Aircraft X-Ray Labs, Inc.
(Huntington Park, CA)
Airon Academy (Trivandrum, India)
Aker Solutions Saudi Arabia Co.,
Ltd. (Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia)
Akermas Energy, Ltd.
(Victoria Island, Nigeria)
Akura Bina Citra (Bekasi, Indonesia)
Al Madar Industrial for Technical
Services MIT (Yanbu, Saudi Arabia)
Al Mansoori Inspection Services
(Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates)
Al Rookal for Engineering
Inspection, Ltd. (Baghdad, Iraq)
Al Rowad Petroleum Technical
Services (Ras Gharib, Egypt)
Allis Engineering (Lake Elsinore, CA)
Alpha NDT (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam)
Al-Rook Engineering Services, Ltd.
(Karrada, Iraq)
354 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
Thank You
ASNT is proud to present these NDT manufacturers, users
and suppliers who support the Society. This list is current
as of 1 February 2018.
ALX Industries (Pasadena, TX)
AMA Consultants Corp. (Braselton, GA)
American Aerospace Technical
Academy (Los Angeles, CA)
American Inspection Services, Inc.
(Grand Bay, AL)
American Institute of Nondestructive
Testing (Baxter, MN)
American Marine Corp.
(Anchorage, AK)
American Piping Inspection (Tulsa, OK)
American Testing Services
(Miamisburg, OH)
Amo & Partners Engineering, Co.
(Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia)
AMOSCO (Eastleigh, United Kingdom)
AMS Store and Shred, LLC
(Lake In The Hills, IL)
ANSA WENS Quality Assurance S.
Pte., Ltd. (Singapore, Singapore)
Aolong Group (Dandong City, China)
Apex NDT Training Services
(Rayne, LA)
Aplus+ NDT (Coimbatore, India)
Applied Technical Services
(Marietta, GA)
Applus RTD (Edmonton, Canada)
Apptrra Global AS
(Stavander, Norway)
Aral General Trading, LLC
(Port Saeed, United Arab Emirates)
Arcadia Aerospace Industries
(Punta Gorda, FL)
Arcmart Indonesia
(Bandung, Indonesia)
Aria Azmoon Sanat Co. (Tehran, Iran)
Armstech Engineers Private, Ltd.
(Cochin, India)
Arrow-Tech, Inc. (Rolla, ND)
ASG Inspection, Ltd.
(Aberdeen, United Kingdom)
Associated X-Ray Corp.
(East Haven, CT)
ATLAIM Corp. (Anyang Si, South Korea)
Atout Technical Supports
(Port-Gentil, Gabon)
Austin Community College
(Austin, TX)
AUT Solutions (Fulshear, TX)
Avonix Imaging (Maple Grove, MN)
Aycan Data Management
(Rochester, NY)
AZTech Training & Consultancy
(Dubai, United Arab Emirates)
B Certags (Oregon City, OR)
Baker Testing Services, Inc.
(Rockland, MA)
Balteau NDT (Hermalle sous
Argenteau, Belgium)
BCI Morocco (Casablanca, Morocco)
partners
Beijing Dragon Electronics Co.
(Beijing, China)
Ben-Mem Oilfield & General
Services, Ltd.
(Effurun Osubi, Nigeria)
Best NDT (Springfield, VA)
BETZ Engineering & Technology
Zone (Chennai, India)
BFW Engineering & Testing
(Paducah, KY)
BG Detection Services/ LA X-Ray
(Sun Valley, CA)
Bifrost Engineering (Carmel, IN)
Bighorn Inspection, Inc. (Laurel, MT)
Bisco Integrated Services Corp.
(Al-Jubail, Saudi Arabia)
BKS Consulting & Training Institute
(Tehran, Iran)
Blatek, Inc. (State College, PA)
BlueScope Steel Research
(Wollongong, Australia)
Branch Radiographic Labs, Inc.
(Cranford, NJ)
Bridgsite Nigeria, Ltd.
(Port Harcourt, Nigeria)
BRL Consultants, Inc.
(San Antonio, TX)
Brotherhood Technical Service Co.
(Dammam, Saudi Arabia)
Bruker (Kennewick, WA)
BTEC, LLC (Pueblo, CO)
C DARLSCO Inspection Services
Cadillac Casting, Inc. (Cadillac, MI)
Cadorath Aerospace (Broussard, LA)
Calaya Engineering
(Port Harcourt, Nigeria)
Callington Haven Pty., Ltd.
(Rydalmere, Australia)
Canon (Melville, NY)
Carestream NDT (Rochester, NY)
Carl Zeiss Industrial Metrology
(Maple Grove, MN)
Caterpillar, Inc. (Peoria, IL)
CATSI, Inc. (Valparaiso, IN)
CD International Technology, Inc.
(Livermore, CA)
CDA Technical Institute
(Jacksonville, FL)
Cenergy International Services, LLC
(Houston, TX)
Central Flying Service (Little Rock, AR)
CentroTEST Asia, Inc.
(Mandaluyong City, Philippines)
Centura X-Ray NDT (Cleveland, OH)
Chemetall US, Inc.
(New Providence, NJ)
Churchill Steel Plate, Ltd.
(Twinsburg, OH)
Cifra Industrial Services Corp.
(Makati City, Philippines)
Circle Systems, Inc. (Hinckley, IL)
Clover Park Technical College
(Lakewood, WA)
CM Diagnostics, Sp. z o.o.
(Krakow, Poland)
CNI Pacific Co., Ltd.
(Banchang, Thailand)
Inc. (Portland, OR)
College of the North Atlantic
(Stephenville, Canada)
Comet Technologies USA, Inc.
(Shelton, CT)
Commodity Resource &
Environmental, Inc. (Burbank, CA)
Cooperheat Saudi Arabia Co., Ltd.
(Jubail, Saudi Arabia)
CoreStar International Corp.
(Irwin, PA)
Correct Testing Pty., Ltd. (Alberton
Johannesburg, South Africa)
Creaform, Inc. (Levis, Canada)
Creative Lodging Solutions
(Snellville, GA)
Crossbridge Compliance, LLC
(Longview, TX)
Curtis Industries, Inc.
(Cowansville, PA)
Curtiss Wright Anatec-LMT (Brea, CA)
Cutech Group (Singapore,
Singapore)
Cuyahoga Community College
(Cleveland, OH)
CXR Corp. (Kure City, Japan)
Cygnus Instruments (Annapolis, MD)
Cylinder Testing Solutions
(Denver, CO)
D
(Dubai, United Arab Emirates)
Daily Thermetrics Corp. (Houston, TX)
Dakota Ultrasonics (Scotts Valley, CA)
Danatronics (Danvers, MA)
Danco Inspection Service, Inc.
(Oklahoma City, OK)
Dantec Dynamics GmbH (Ulm,
Germany)
DARES SRLS (Casamarciano, Italy)
Datest (Fremont, CA)
DBI, Inc. (Lenexa, KS)
DECTRIS (Baden-Daettwil, Switzerland)
Delphi Precision Imaging
(Redmond, WA)
Delta Inspection Petroleum Services
(Cairo, Egypt)
Detagulf Global Services, Ltd.
(Port Harcourt, Nigeria)
Detection Technology, Inc.
(Billerica, MA)
DETEK, Inc. (Temple Hills, MD)
Diakont Advanced Technologies
(San Diego, CA)
Diamond Technical Services, Inc.
(Blairsville, PA)
Dixon Hard Chrome (Sun Valley, CA)
DJA Inspection Services, Inc.
(Reno, PA)
D.K. Shah NDT Training Institute
(Vadodara, India)
DolphiTech (Raufoss, Norway)
Doncasters (Groton, CT)
Drill Spec Services, LLC (Okarche, OK)
DÜRR NDT GmbH & Co. KG
(Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany)
Dynamic Software Solutions
(Niceville, FL)
E (Lewistown, PA)
Echem Consultants, LLC
(Poughkeepsie, NY)
Echo Maintenance (Nederland, TX)
Echo Ultrasonics (Bellingham, WA)
Eclipse Scientific (Waterloo, Canada)
ECS, Inc. (Kennesaw, GA)
Eddyfi (Quebec, Canada)
EddySonix (Orbe, Switzerland)
Edison Welding Institute
(Columbus, OH)
Eishin Kagaku Co., Ltd.
(Minato-Ku, Japan)
Ekoscan (Saint Remy, France)
EMWorks (Montreal, Canada)
Enerfab, Inc. (Cincinnati, OH)
Engineers Edge Institute of NDT
(Coimbatore, India)
Envite Nigeria, Ltd.
(Port Harcourt, Nigeria)
ESD for Inspection (Khartoum,
Sudan)
ETher NDE, Ltd.
(St Albans, United Kingdom)
ETM, Inc. (Newark, CA)
EuroMaTech Training & Management
Consultancy
(Dubai, United Arab Emirates)
Euroteck Systems UK, Ltd.
(Tamworth, United Kingdom)
Exova (Linkoping, Sweden)
Extende (Ballston Spa, NY)
ExxonMobil (Baytown, TX)
F Guided Ultrasonics, Ltd.
Fangzheng Valve Group Co., Ltd.
(Wenzhou, China)
Fish & Associates, Inc. (Middleton, WI)
Flathead Valley Community College
(Kalispell, MT)
FlawSpec Manufacturing, Inc.
(Edmonton, Canada)
FlawTech (Concord, NC)
FMJ International Oil Field Pvt., Ltd.
(Islamabad, Pakistan)
Foerster Instruments, Inc.
(Pittsburgh, PA)
Force Technology
(Broendby, Denmark)
Forenergy Inspection & Consultation
Co., Ltd. (Xian, China)
Formweld Fitting, Inc. (Milton, FL)
Fujifilm North America - NDT
Materials and Equipment
(Valhalla, NY)
Future NDT (Vijayawada, India)
G Highland Oilfield Services Group,
G. Cotter Enterprises (Springfield, NJ)
G&G Technical Services, Ltd.
(London, United Kingdom)
Gamesa Innovation & Technology
(Sarriguren, Spain)
Gamma Petroleum Services
(Basra, Iraq)
Gammatec NDT Supplies SOC., Ltd.
(Vereeniging Gauteng, South
Africa)
GB Inspection Systems, Ltd.
(Cannock, United Kingdom)
GE Measurement & Control
GE Power Generation Services
(Houston, TX)
George Consulting Services, Inc.
(Monaca, PA)
GES for Petroleum Inspection &
Training Services
(Menofeyah, Egypt)
GISS USA East, LP (Clare, MI)
Gladd Solutions (Plymouth, MI)
Global Academy for Inspection and
Training (Pandalam, India)
Global Diving & Salvage, Inc.
(Seattle, WA)
Global Engineering Documents (IHS)
(Englewood, CO)
Global Inspection Services
(Madrid, Spain)
Global Lifting Services Nigeria, Ltd.
(Port Harcourt, Nigeria)
Globe X-Ray Services, Inc. (Tulsa, OK)
Glomacs FZ-LLC
(Dubai, United Arab Emirates)
GMAR Comercializadora SAC
(Lima, Peru)
Godavari Technical Services
(Nasik, India)
Goolsby Testing Laboratories
(Humble, TX)
Guangdong Goworld Co., Ltd.
(Shantou, China)
Guangzhou Doppler Electronic
Technologies Co., Ltd.
(Guangzhou, China)
Guided NDE, LLC (San Antonio, TX)
(Brentford, United Kingdom)
Guided Wave Analysis, LLC
(San Antonio, TX)
Gulf Energy International
(Dammam, Saudi Arabia)
Gulf Quality Control Co., Ltd.
(Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia)
Gulf X-Ray Services, Inc. (Gretna, LA)
Gulmay (Suwanee, GA)
H Integrity & NDT Solutions
Hadland Technologies (Amherst, NH)
Haks Engineers Architects & Land
Surveyors PC (New York, NY)
Hamamatsu Corp. (Bridgewater, NJ)
Helium Leak Testing, Inc.
(Simi Valley, CA)
HELLIER (Houston, TX)
Herzog Services, Inc.
(Saint Joseph, MO)
High Technology Sources, Ltd.
(Didcot, United Kingdom)
Ltd. (Aberdeen, United Kingdom)
Hi-Spec Systems, Ltd. (Nantwich,
United Kingdom)
Hobart Institute of Welding
Technology (Troy, OH)
Hocker, Inc. (Houston, TX)
Hodges Transportation, Inc.
(Carson City, NV)
Honeywell Aerospace de Mexico
(Chihuahua, Mexico)
Honeywell Federal Manufacturing &
Technologies (Kansas City, MO)
HSI Group, Inc. (Torrance, CA)
I IREZ Academy (Kollam, India)
Iconicx Critical Solutions, LLC
(Amsterdam, NY)
ImechE Engineering Training Solutions
(Sheffield, United Kingdom)
Imen Joosh Pouyan, Co.
(Mashhad, Iran)
IMESA (Veracruz, Mexico)
Imperium, Inc. (Beltsville, MD)
Industrial Inspection Co. (Monroe, MI)
Industrial Inspection Systems, Ltd.
(Vaughan, Canada)
Industrial Sorting Services
(Sharonville, OH)
Industrial Testing Laboratory
Services, LLC (Pittsburgh, PA)
Infrared Cameras, Inc. (Beaumont, TX)
Infrasense, Inc. (Woburn, MA)
Inmedin Ingenieria
(Vina del Mar, Chile)
Innerspec Technologies, Inc.
(Forest, VA)
Innodes (Quito, Ecuador)
Innovacion (Concepcion, Chile)
Insight KK (Tokyo, Japan)
Inspec Testing, Inc. (National City, CA)
Inspectest Pvt., Ltd.
(Lahore Punjab, Pakistan)
Inspection Plug Strategies, LLC
(Houston, TX)
Inspection Quality International
(Bangalore, India)
Inspection Technologies, Inc.
(Pomona, CA)
Inspectron, Inc. (Novi, MI)
Institute of Industrial Quality
Management (Shoranur, India)
Institute of Nondestructive Testing
and Training (Mumbai, India)
Institute of Reliability Centered
Maintenance (Lahore, Pakistan)
Instrument Technology, Inc.
(Westfield, MA)
Integrated Inspection & Surveying
(Sharjah, United Arab Emirates)
(Cundinamarca, Colombia)
Integrity Products & Supplies, Inc.
(Sherwood Park, Canada)
Integrity Smart Services, LLC
(Muscat, Oman)
Integrity Testing & Inspection, LLC
(Onaway, MI)
International Inspection (Santa Fe
Springs, CA)
International Leak Detection, LLC
(Des Plaines, IL)
International Mega Petroleum
Inspection Corp.
(Binan, Philippines)
International Quality Systems
(Concepcion, Chile)
Intertek (Spring, TX)
Intron Plus (Moscow, Russia)
Inuktun Services, Ltd.
(Nanaimo, Canada)
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION
Ionix Advanced Technologies
(Leeds, United Kingdom)
IPSI (Courbevoie Cedex, France)
Iranian Society of Technical
Inspection & NDT Companies
(Tehran, Iran)
IRED Thermal Group, Ltd.
(Edmonton, Canada)
Iris Inspection Services, Inc.
(Baytown, TX)
IRISNDT (Houston, TX)
IRM Servicos Eireli (Macae, Brazil)
Isoflex Radioactive, LLC
(San Francisco, CA)
IVC Technologies (Lebanon, OH)
IveyCooper Services, LLC
(Soddy Daisy, TN)
Ivion Industrial Academy
(Cochin, India)
J
J. Core Drilling, Inc. (Centreville, VA)
Jan Kens Co., Inc. (Monrovia, CA)
JANX (Parma, MI)
Jar Lifting (Dammam, Saudi Arabia)
JB Testing, Inc. (Blaine, MN)
JC International, Ltd.
(Port Harcourt, Nigeria)
Jentek Sensors, Inc.
(Marlborough, MA)
JES Pipelines, Ltd. (Willemstad
Curacao, Netherlands Antilles)
Jesse Garant Metrology Center
(Windsor, Canada)
JETS, Inc. (Carrollton, TX)
Jireh Industries, Ltd.
(Ardrossan, Canada)
JMD NDT, Inc. (Piscataway, NJ)
Johnghama International Services,
Ltd. (Warri, Nigeria)
Jubail Industrial College (Jubail
Industrial City, Saudi Arabia)
JZ Russell Industries, Inc.
(Nederland, TX)
K
Kakivik Asset Management, LLC
(Anchorage, AK)
Kalva Engineers Pvt., Ltd.
(Nagole Hyderabad, India)
KARL STORZ Industrial Group
(El Segundo, CA)
KBRwyle (Dayton, OH)
Keltron Kerala State Electronics
Devp. Corp., Ltd.
(Trivandrum, India)
Kenz Al Jar General Contracting, Est.
(Dammam, Saudi Arabia)
Keville Enterprises, Inc.
(Boston, MA)
Kimtron, Inc. (Oxford, CT)
Kinetic Solutions, LLC
(Fort Ripley, MN)
KTA Tator, Inc. (Pittsburgh, PA)
Kuwait Pipe Industries & Oil
Services Co. (Kuwait City, Kuwait)
L
Labino AB (Vallentuna, Sweden)
Laboratory Testing, Inc. (Hatfield, PA)
Laser Technology (Norristown, PA)
355
CORPORATE
LAURUS Systems, Inc.
(Ellicott City, MD)
Lavender International NDT
Consultants (Sheffield, United
Kingdom)
Lickenbrock Technologies, Inc.
(Saint Louis, MO)
Lion Inspection Services, Inc.
(Houston, TX)
Lucid Software, Ltd. (Chennai, India)
Lumiworks Photonics, Ltd.
(Southfield, MI)
LY International Aerospace NDT
School (Zhu Hai, China)
M NDT Classroom, Inc. (Buffalo, NY)
M2M (San Francisco, CA)
MAC NDT Services, LLC
(Montgomery, TX)
Machida, Inc. (Orangeburg, NY)
Magnaflux (Glenview, IL)
Magnetic Analysis Corp.
(Elmsford, NY)
Magwerks Corp. (Danville, IN)
Maintenance & Inspection Services,
Inc. (Morganton, NC)
Manadher Al Sahra Trading
(Ruwi, Oman)
Mandina’s Inspection Services, Inc.
(Belle Chasse, LA)
Marietta Nondestructive Testing,
Inc. (Marietta, GA)
Martin Testing Laboratories, Inc.
(McClellan, CA)
Massachusetts Materials
Technologies (Cambridge, MA)
Matec Instrument Companies, Inc.
(Northborough, MA)
McNDT Pipeline, Ltd. (Channahon, IL)
Medical Intubation Technology Corp.
(Taoyuan City, Taiwan)
Merrick Group, Inc.
(West Hazleton, PA)
Merrill Technologies Group
(Saginaw, MI)
Metal Fatigue Solutions
(Las Vegas, NV)
Metals Testing Co. (South Windsor, CT)
Metalscan Inspection Services
(Chennai, India)
Met-L-Chek (Santa Monica, CA)
Meyer Tool, Inc. (Cincinnati, OH)
MFE Enterprises, Inc.
(Dripping Springs, TX)
MFE Rentals (Pasadena, TX)
Miami NDT, Inc. (Doral, FL)
Milan Tool Corp. (Cleveland, OH)
MIR Engineering (Tangerang
Selatan, Indonesia)
MISTRAS Group, Inc. (Princeton
Junction, NJ)
Mitchell Laboratories (Pico Rivera, CA)
Moraine Valley Community College
(Palos Hills, IL)
Morex 71, Ltd. (Even Yehuda, Israel)
Mountain Pressure Testing
(Longview, TX)
moviTherm (Irvine, CA)
Mozzat Enterprise, Sdn. Bhd.
(Kuala Belait, Brunei)
MPM Products, Inc. (Ontario, CA)
MR Chemie GmbH (Unna, Germany)
MSPEC (Mussafah, United Arab
Emirates)
356 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
partners
Mudiame Welding Institute, Ltd.
(Port Harcourt, Nigeria)
Mytechnic, Mro. (Istanbul, Turkey)
N (New Delhi, India)
Nafto, Serv. (Istanbul, Turkey)
National University Polytechnic
Institute (San Diego, CA)
Naya Engineering Services
(Basra, Iraq)
NDE Professionals, Inc. (Portland, OR)
NDE Solutions, LLC (Bryan, TX)
NDT & Corrosion Control Services
(Dammam, Saudi Arabia)
NDT Italiana, Srl. (Concorezzo, Italy)
NDT Seals, Inc. (Houston, TX)
NDT Solutions (New Richmond, WI)
NDT Supply.com, Inc. (Lenexa, KS)
NDT Systems, Inc.
(Huntington Beach, CA)
NDT Testing, Srl. (Odobesti, Romania)
NDT Training & Testing Center
(Houston, TX)
NdtXducer, LLC (Northborough, MA)
New Tech Systems (Mansfield, TX)
Newco, Inc. (Florence, SC)
Newport News Shipbuilding
(Newport News, VA)
Nextant Aerospace
(Middleburg Heights, OH)
NextNDT (Redwood City, CA)
Nikon Metrology (Brighton, MI)
Nile Oil & Gas Services Co.
(El Obour, Egypt)
Non Destructive Testing Quality, Ltd.
(Moscow, Russia)
Nondestructive Inspection Service,
Inc. (Hurricane, WV)
Norfolk Naval Shipyard
(Portsmouth, VA)
North Idaho College / Aerospace
Technology (Hayden, ID)
North Star Imaging, Inc. (Rogers, MN)
Northbridge Energy, Ltd.
(Igando, Nigeria)
Northeast Testing & Mfg, LLC
(Beverly, MA)
NOVA Geotechnical & Inspection
Services (Las Vegas, NV)
NOVO DR, Ltd. (Yehud, Israel)
Nucleom, Inc. (Quebec, Canada)
NXT NdT, Inc. (North Adams, MA)
O (Houston, TX)
Ocean Corp. (Houston, TX)
Oceaneering (Panama City, FL)
Oceaneering International Asset
Integrity (Houston, TX)
Oceanscan USA (Stafford, TX)
OcerT Training & Consulting, Ltd.
(Jianding New City, China)
Ogden Weber Applied Technology
College (Ogden, UT)
OGTC Pvt., Ltd. (Islamabad, Pakistan)
Ohio CAT (Broadview Heights, OH)
Ohmstede, Ltd. (Corpus Christi, TX)
Oilfield Equipment Marketing, Inc.
(San Antonio, TX)
OKOS Solutions, LLC (Manassas, VA)
Olympus America, Inc. (Waltham, MA)
Omni Metal Finishing, Inc.
(Fountain Valley, CA)
Opgal (Karmiel, Israel)
Optim, LLC (Sturbridge, MA)
Orbit Industries, Inc. (Cleveland, OH)
OSS Certification Services Pvt., Ltd.
P Quality Control Co. (Cairo, Egypt)
Pac Testing Services, Ltd.
(Port Harcourt, Nigeria)
Pacific Celerity, Inc. (Irvine, CA)
Pacific High Technology Services
Co., Ltd. (Yangon, Myanmar)
Pacsess (Bellevue, WA)
Pan American Industries, Inc.
(Porter, TX)
Paragon Industries, Inc. (Sapulpa, OK)
Paragon NDT, LLC (Wichita, KS)
Parker Research Corp. (Dunedin, FL)
Patterson Tubular Services
(Channelview, TX)
PdM Consultores Internacional SRL
(Cartago, Costa Rica)
Peak NDT (Derby, United Kingdom)
Peltec Services, Inc. (Darlington, SC)
Pemo Nigeria, Ltd. (Warri, Nigeria)
Performance Review Institute
(Warrendale, PA)
Petra Engineering for Inspection and
Services (Amman, Jordan)
Petro Base, Ltd. (Richmond, TX)
PetroKnowledge (Masdar City,
United Arab Emirates)
PetroScanalog International, Ltd.
(Port Harcourt, Nigeria)
Pfinder KG (Boeblingen, Germany)
PH Tool Reference Standards
(Pipersville, PA)
PHATECO Technical Services Joint
Stock Co. (Hai Phong City, Vietnam)
Phoenix Inspection Systems, Ltd.
(Warrington, United Kingdom)
Phoenix Nuclear Labs (Monona, WI)
Pine (Windsor, NJ)
Pinnacle X-Ray Solutions
(Suwanee, GA)
Pipe & Well O&M Services, Est.
(Dammam, Saudi Arabia)
PM Testing Laboratory, Inc. (Fife, WA)
Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
(Portsmouth, NH)
PRAGMA (Quebec, Canada)
Precision Castparts Corp.
(Portland, OR)
Precision Flange & Machine Inc.
Premier Tubular Inspection Services
Pte., Ltd. (Karachi, Pakistan)
Premium Inspection & Testing
(Houston, TX)
Premium Inspection Co.
(Bakersfield, CA)
Prime NDT Services, Inc.
(Schnecksville, PA)
PRL Industries, Inc. (Cornwall, PA)
Pro Mag Inspection LLC (Gray, LA)
Proceq (Aliquippa, PA)
Production Services, Inc.
(Magnolia, AR)
PSSI NDT (Houston, TX)
PT Radiant Utama Interinsco Tbk.
(Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia)
Pueblo Community College
(Pueblo, CO)
Q
QA Systems Pte., Ltd.
(Singapore, Singapore)
QSA Global, Inc. (Baton Rouge, LA)
Q-Sea Corp. (Tampa, FL)
Quality Control Council US (Kansas
City, KS)
Quality Control Services Co., Ltd.
(Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia)
Quality Equipment Distributors, Inc.
(Orchard Park, NY)
Quality NDE, Ltd. (Mercier, Canada)
Quality Systems International, Inc.
(Russellville, AR)
Quality Testing Services, Inc.
(Maryland Heights, MO)
Quality Testing Services, Inc.
(Linden, NJ)
Qualtech NDE (Karachi, Pakistan)
R
RADAC -Radiographic Accessories, Ltd.
(Stockton On Tees, United Kingdom)
Radiago Work Solutions Pvt., Ltd.
(Navi Mumbai, India)
Rayan Petro Azmoon (Tehran, Iran)
Ray-Check MFG, Inc. (Clovis, CA)
RBI Shanghai Mechanical
Engineering Co., Ltd.
(Shanghai, China)
R-CON NDT, Inc. (Menomonie, WI)
Redi Inspection Services
(Evanston, WY)
Reinhart & Associates, Inc.
(Austin, TX)
Rel, Inc. (Calumet, MI)
RF System Lab (Traverse City, MI)
Ridgewater College
(Hutchinson, MN)
Rig Solution Engineering
(Cairo, Egypt)
Ritec, Inc. (Warwick, RI)
Rohmann Eddy Current Instruments
& Systems (Spartanburg, SC)
Rokaysan Engineering Ltd., Co.
(Bursa, Turkey)
Rolls-Royce Nuclear Field Services
(Williamson, NY)
ROSEN (Shah Alam, Malaysia)
RTW Roentgen-Technik
(Neuenhagen, Germany)
Russell NDE Systems, Inc.
(Edmonton, Canada)
RusselSmith Nigeria, Ltd.
(Lagos, Nigeria)
S
S&Q Mart AS (Istanbul, Turkey)
SAI Global (Paramus, NJ)
Sarl 3MECS Engineering & Consulting
Services (Laghouat, Algeria)
ScanMaster IRT, Inc. (Greenville, SC)
ScanTech Instruments, Inc.
(Longview, TX)
School of Applied Non Destructive
Examination
(Boksburg, South Africa)
SCI Control & Inspeccion
(Ajalvir, Spain)
Scope Petroleum Services
(Cairo, Egypt)

SE International, Inc.
(Summertown, TN)
SEAL Aviation (Fort Lauderdale, FL)
Sensor Networks (Boalsburg, PA)
Setcore Arabia Petroleum Services
(Dammam, Saudi Arabia)
Shanghai CHiNDT Systems and
Services (Shanghai, China)
Shanghai Puxian Mechanical
Technology Co., Ltd.
(Shanghai, China)
Shanghai QiJi Inspection Technology
Co. (Shanghai, China)
Shasta Services, LLC (Aliquippa, PA)
Shenzhen Coantec Automation
Technology Co., Ltd.
(Shenzhen, China)
Shenzhen Firstrank Industrial
Development Co., Ltd.
(Shenzhen, China)
Sherwin, Inc. (South Gate, CA)
Siemens Energy, Inc. (Pittsburgh, PA)
Signature TechnicAir (Greensboro, NC)
Silean (Tremonton, UT)
SIUI (Shantou, China)
Sky Prime Aviation Services
(Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)
SME (Plymouth, MI)
SMEC Automation Pvt., Ltd.
(Cochin, India)
Snell Group (Barre, VT)
SOLEND (Cochabamba, Bolivia)
Son Set Consultants, LLC
(Owasso, OK)
Sonartech (Kempton Park,
South Africa)
Sonaspection International, Inc.
(Concord, NC)
Sonatest, Ltd. (San Antonio, TX)
Sonaxis SA (Besancon, France)
Sonic Systems International
(Houston, TX)
SONOTEC (Islandia, NY)
Source Production & Equipment Co.,
Inc. (St. Rose, LA)
Sources Technology Co.
(Dammam, Saudi Arabia)
Southern California Regional
Occupational Center (Torrance, CA)
Southern Inspection Services
(Chennai, India)
Southwest Research Institute
(San Antonio, TX)
Sowsco Inspection Services, Ltd.
(Port Harcourt, Nigeria)
Sparrows (Bridge of Don Aberdeen,
United Kingdom)
Spartan College of Aeronautics &
Technology (Tulsa, OK)
Special Oilfield Services Co., LLC
(Ruwi, Oman)
Specialized Services & Supplies
General Trading & Contracting Co.
(North Shuwaikh, Kuwait)
SPECPRO (Hollywood, FL)
Spectronics Corp. (Westbury, NY)
Sri Ramakrishna Advanced Training
Institute (Coimbatore, India)
ST Aerospace Engineering Pte., Ltd.
(Singapore, Singapore)
St. Johns NDT Training & Services
(Pathanamthitta, India)
Stalion-Primi (Port Harcourt, Nigeria)
Join Us
Being a part of the Society links your business to the worldwide
NDT community and puts your business on the front lines of the
industry. To learn more about becoming a Corporate Partner, see
the Membership section of the ASNT website at asnt.org.
Standard Testing and Inspection
Services, Ltd. (Port Harcourt, Nigeria)
Stanley Inspection (Houston, TX)
Star Pipe Service, Inc. (Moore, OK)
Stegman Inspection Services, Inc.
(Troy, MI)
Stowen (Katy, TX)
Structural Integrity Associates
(Huntersville, NC)
SubSea NDT (Anchorage, AK)
Sullivan & Associates, Inc.
(Ladson, SC)
Superior Inspection Services, LLC
(Broussard, LA)
Supervisor of Shipbuilding
Conversion and Repair (Bath, ME)
System One (Cheswick, PA)
T Vietnam)
TCR Arabia Co., Ltd.
(Dammam, Saudi Arabia)
TEAM Industrial Services (Alvin, TX)
Tech Service Products, Inc.
(Harahan, LA)
Tech4Imaging (Columbus, OH)
TechCorr USA Management
(Pasadena, TX)
Techinco (Tehran, Iran)
Techna NDT (Kent, WA)
Technical Loadarm, Ltd.
(Guelph, Canada)
Technisonic Research, Inc.
(Fairfield, CT)
Technology Design, Ltd.
(Winsford, United Kingdom)
Techshore Inspection Services
(Cochin, India)
Techtra Engineering Consultants
(Roodepoort, South Africa)
Tecnatom SA (Madrid, Spain)
Tehran Oilfield Inspection
Services-Kish (Kish Island, Iran)
Teledyne DALSA (Santa Clara, CA)
Teledyne ICM (Andrimont, Belgium)
Tesco (Golconda, Trinidad and Tobago)
Tesco Corp. (Kanagawa, Japan)
Test Equipment Distributors, LLC
(Troy, MI)
Testex, Inc. (Pittsburgh, PA)
Testing Service Group SAC (Lima, Peru)
Texas Research International
(Austin, TX)
Thermal Wave Imaging, Inc.
(Ferndale, MI)
ThermalStar Training Center
(Phoenix, AZ)
Thermo Fisher Scientific (Houston, TX)
Thermographie GG, Inc.
(Granby, Canada)
TIBA Oil Tools (Cairo, Egypt)
Tlou Engineering
(Johannesburg, South Africa)
Top Notch EDM Services (Conroe, TX)
Toray Industries America, Inc.
(New York, NY)
Tove Leeds Certification & Inspection
Co., WLL (Manama, Bahrain)
Trainee World Institute (Baghdad, Iraq)
Trident Refit Facility (Kings Bay, GA)
Trikon Technologies, Inc.
(Vaudreuil-Dorion, Canada)
Trinidad Inspection Services, Ltd.
(Point Lisas, Trinidad And Tobago)
Trinity NDT Engineers
(Bangalore, India)
Tru Amp Corp. (Jackson, MS)
TSC Inspection Systems
(Buckinghamshire, United
Kingdom)
TTAsia Co., Ltd. (Ho Chi Minh City,
Tubestar Oil and Gas Services
(Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia)
Tulsa Welding School (Tulsa, OK)
Turbo Nondestructive Testing, Inc.
(Kemah, TX)
U (Trichy, India)
Ultrasonic Sciences, Ltd.
(Aldershot, United Kingdom)
Uniclimb Services Pte., Ltd.
(Singapore, Singapore)
UNICO (Cairo, Egypt)
Unitek Engineering
(Gangnam-gu, South Korea)
Universal Inspection Co., Ltd.
(Jubail, Saudi Arabia)
University of Alaska Anchorage
(Anchorage, AK)
UniWest (Pasco, WA)
US Army Yuma Proving Ground
(Yuma, AZ)
US Photon Service (Hayward, CA)
USA Borescopes (Clarksville, TN)
USPS NCED (Norman, OK)
UT Quality (Edmonton, Canada)
UTEX Scientific Instruments, Inc.
(Mississauga, Canada)
UTX, Inc. (Holmes, NY)
V
Vaal University of Technology
(Vanderbijlpark, South Africa)
Valley Inspection Service, Inc.
(Allentown, PA)
Vandergriff Technologies NDT
Services (Haltom City, TX)
Varex Imaging (Salt Lake City, UT)
Vector TUB GmbH
(Hattingen NRW, Germany)
Velosi (B) Sdn. Bhd.
(Kuala Belait, Brunei)
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION
Venture Inspection, Ltd.
(Derby, United Kingdom)
Verasonics, Inc. (Kirkland, WA)
Verda (Sfax, Tunisia)
Verichek Technical Services, Inc.
(Bethel Park, PA)
Veriphase (Birmingham, AL)
Versa Integrity Group (Sulphur, LA)
Vidisco, Ltd. (Or Yehuda, Israel)
Vincotte International Algeria
(Mahelma, Algeria)
Virgin Galactic (Mojave, CA)
Virtual Media Integration
(Pensacola, FL)
VIS, LLC (Cranberry Twp, PA)
VisiConsult X-Ray Systems &
Solutions GmbH
(Stockelsdorf, Germany)
Vision Financial Group, Inc.
(Pittsburgh, PA)
Vizaar Industrial Imaging
(Gibsonia, PA)
VJ Technologies, Inc. (Bohemia, NY)
Volume Graphics, Inc. (Charlotte, NC)
Volunteer NDT Corp. (Chattanooga, TN)
W
Walashek Industrial & Marine, Inc.
(National City, CA)
Warren Associates (Pittsburgh, PA)
Washita Valley Enterprises, Inc.
(Oklahoma City, OK)
Weldex Center (Oran, Algeria)
Welding Inspection (Cologne, NJ)
Welding Quality Concepts
Welding Technology & NDT
Research/Application Center
(Ankara, Turkey)
We-NDT (Minden, NV)
WesDyne AMDATA (Windsor, CT)
West Penn Testing Group (New
Kensington, PA)
Willick Engineering Co., Inc.
(Santa Fe Springs, CA)
World Testing, Inc. (Mount Juliet, TN)
X
XARION Laser Acoustics GmbH
(Vienna, Austria)
XCEL NDT, LLC (Clifton, KS)
X-Ray Associates, LLC (San Dimas, CA)
X-Ray Industries, Inc. (Troy, MI)
X-Scan Imaging Corp. (San Jose, CA)
Y
YXLON (Hudson, OH)
Z
Zamil Lifting & Industrial Supports
(Dammam, Saudi Arabia)
Zetec, Inc. (Snoqualmie, WA)
Zuuk International, Inc.
(Charleston, SC) wx
357
 Calendar Entries
Please send all Calendar entries to our offices as
soon as the information is available. While the
Calendar runs only four months at a time, we
encourage you to send us your meeting or course
information as soon as you have it. The deadline
for entries is the first of the month, two months
prior to issue date (for example, the due date for
the June issue is 1 April).

Send information by e-mail, fax, or mail to

the Associate Editor, Materials Evaluation,
1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus,
OH 43228-0518; fax (614) 274-6899; email
hcowans@asnt.org.

358 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018

meetings
Meetings are events at which
paper and/or poster presentations
are made and recent developments
in technology, research and devel-
opment are discussed by those in
attendance. These are generally
sponsored by academic or profes-
sional technical associations. The
sponsor is the same as the contact
except where noted.
For ASNT meetings and events
(highlighted in red) contact the
ASNT Conference Department,
1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box
28518, Columbus, OH 43228-
0518; (800) 222-2768 or (614)
274-6003; fax (614) 274-6899;
email conferences@asnt.org.
2018
19–21 MAR
Industry, Engineering, and
Management (IEMS)
Conference, International
Palms Resort and Conference
Center, Cocoa Beach, Florida.
Contact: Ahmad Elshennawy;
(209) 667-3907; email
info@aiems.co; website
aiems.co/.
26–29 MAR
ASNT Research Symposium,
DoubleTree by Hilton at
Entrance to Universal, Orlando,
Florida. Contact: ASNT.
24–25 APR
2nd International Conference
on Diagnostics of Structures
and Components Using Metal
Magnetic Memory Method,
Danubius Hotel Helia,
Budapest, Hungary. Contact:
László Gillemot; +36 1 278
0632; email
gillemot@marovisz.hu.
24–26 APR
International Powder & Bulk
Solids Conference &
Exhibition, Donald E. Stephens
Convention Center, Rosemont,
Illinois. Contact: website
event.powderbulksolids.com.
PLEASE NOTE: Materials Evaluation’s Calendar department is
28–31 OCT
ASNT Annual Conference,
derived from information sent to our offices by the sponsoring George R. Brown Convention
organizations. ASNT staff is not responsible for collecting or Center, Marriott Marquis
verifying the information contained herein: for more information Houston, Houston, Texas.
on meetings or courses, please contact the sponsoring organi- Contact: ASNT.
zation. The Calendar copy deadline is the first of the month, two
months prior to the issue date: for example, 1 April for the June 2019
journal. Send your organization’s information by email, fax, or
mail to the Associate Editor, Materials Evaluation, 1711 1–4 APR
ASNT Research Symposium,
Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518; fax
(614) 274-6899; email hcowans@asnt.org. Information in the Hyatt Regency Orange County,
Calendar runs for four months at a time. ASNT reserves the right Garden Grove, California.
to reject event listings for any reason. Listings will be edited to Contact: ASNT.
conform to ASNT’s editorial style. 18–21 NOV
ASNT Annual Conference,
5–6 JUN 27–29 AUG
Westgate Resort & Casino, Las
NDE of Aerospace Materials NDE/NDT for Structural Vegas, Nevada. Contact: ASNT.
and Structures, Crowne Plaza
St. Louis Airport, St. Louis,
Materials Technology for
Highway and Bridges (SMT
courses
Courses are events where partici-
Missouri. Contact: ASNT. 2018) and the International pants are instructed in the tech-
Symposium Non-Destructive nologies and methodologies of a
11–15 JUN
12th European Conference on Testing in Civil Engineering particular technical area and which
generally conclude with the
NDT, Swedish Exhibition & (NDT-CE 2018), Hyatt Regency
student being evaluated to
New Brunswick, New
Congress Centre, Gothenburg, determine the student's retention
Brunswick, New Jersey.
Sweden. Contact: Peter Merck; of the material presented. These
Contact: ASNT. events often offer some form of
+46 (0)31-708 86 90; email
ecndt2018@meetx.se; website 10–12 SEP course credit or continuing
education units to those partici-
ecndt2018.com. 15th International Conference
pants successfully completing the
8–11 JUL
on Condition Monitoring and course. For ASNT refresher
6th Japan-US NDT Symposium, Machinery Failure Prevention courses, visit asnt.org/refresher.
Hawaii Convention Center, Technologies (CM 2018/MFPT ASNT neither approves nor
disapproves of any program or
Honolulu, Hawaii. Contact: 2018), East Midlands
training course claiming to meet
Conference Centre and Orchard
ASNT. the recommendations of ASNT’s
Hotel, Nottingham, United
Recommended Practice No.
15–19 JUL Kingdom. Contact: Conferences SNT-TC-1A. The following are
45th Annual Review of and Events Department, The contacts for only those organiza-
Progress in Quantitative British Institute of Non- tions that offer public courses
Nondestructive Evaluation, Destructive Testing; +44 listed in this month’s Calendar.
Davis Center, University of (0)1604 438300; email The following courses are listed
Vermont, Burlington, Vermont. without necessarily giving their full
cm_mfpt@bindt.org; website
titles.
Contact: website qndepro- bindt.org/events/CM2018-
grams.org. and-MFPT2018/.
Acoustic Emission Testing
24–26 JUL 25–27 SEP
Digital Imaging/Ultrasonics 5–9 MAR
Gulf Nondestructive Testing
Conference, Foxwoods Resort, Expo, Conrad Hilton Dubai, Level I, Princeton Junction, New
Mashantucket, Connecticut. Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Jersey. Mistras.
Contact: ASNT. Contact: Marwan Basrawi; Level I/II, Milan, Italy. ETS.
+971 56 724 6998; 12–16 MAR
gndtexpo2018.com. Level I/II, Milan, Italy. ETS.
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 359
calendar
Acoustic Emission Testing, cont.
9–13 APR
Level I/II, Milan, Italy. ETS.
Level I/II, State College,
Pennsylvania. TechKnowServ.
10–12 APR
PACwin Suite, Princeton
Junction, New Jersey. Mistras.
16–20 APR
Level I/II, Milan, Italy. ETS.
30 APR–4 MAY
High Tech Week, Princeton
Junction, New Jersey. Mistras.
2 1 – 2 5 M AY 12–16 MAR 29 MAR–2 APR
Structural Health Monitoring Level II, Atlanta, Georgia. ATS. Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
Through AE Test, Milan, Italy. Bangalore, India. Trinity.
15–28 MAR
ETS.
Eddy Current Level I/II, Kerala, 2–6 APR
4–8 JUN India. Decibel. Eddy Current Level I, San
Level II, Princeton Junction, Antonio, Texas. BRL.
1–5 MAR
New Jersey. Mistras. Eddy Current Level II, Brea,
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
Bangalore, India. Trinity. California. Test.
Electromagnetic Testing 2–14 APR
5–9 MAR
1–14 MAR Eddy Current Level I/II, Kerala,
Level I, Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Eddy Current Level I/II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
India. Decibel. 26–30 MAR
9–13 APR
Eddy Current Level I, Brea,
8–21 MAR Eddy Current Level I,
California. Test.
Eddy Current Level I/II, Kerala, Cincinnati, Ohio. GE.
India. Decibel.

Course Contacts
The following are contacts for only those organizations that offer public courses listed in this month’s Calendar.

Atlantic: Atlantic NDT Training; Gary L.
Chapman; 24 Flat Rock Rd., Branford, CT
06405; (203) 481-4041; atlanticndt
training.com.
ATS: Applied Technical Services; Lisa
Henry; 1049 Triad Ct., Marietta, GA
30062; (888) 287-5227; (678) 444-
2897; fax (770) 514-3299; email
lhenry@atslab.com; atslab.com/training.
BRL: BRL Consultants, Inc.; 219 W.
Rhapsody Dr., San Antonio, TX 78216;
(210) 341-3442; fax (210) 341-2844;
email info@brlconsultants.com; brl
consultants.com.
Decibel: Decibel NDE Training Institute;
1st Floor Plainfield, Pattambi, Palakkad,
Kerala, India 679303; 91 9387 674
153, 91 0466 2214 333, or 91 8089
000 250; email info@decibelnde.com;
decibelnde.com.
ETS: ETS Sistemi Industriali, Srl.; Alberto
Monici; Via S. Francesco 323, 20861
Brugherio (MB), Italy; 39 039877790;
email a.monici@etssistemi.it;
etssistemi.it.
GE: GE Inspection Academy, General
Electric, Oil & Gas: Digital Solutions;
201 Beltway Green, Pasadena, TX
77503; (855) 232-7470; email
inspection.academy@ge.com;
geinspectionacademy.com.
Kraft: Kraft Technology Resources; Karl
E. Kraft; 1377 Timshel St., Dayton, OH
45440; (405) 819-7786; fax (405) 691-
4342; email kraftndt@aol.com; ndtboot
camp.com.
LTS: Leak Testing Specialists, Inc.; Cyndi
Reid; 5776 Hoffner Ave., Ste. 304,
Orlando, FL 32822; (407) 737-6415; fax
(407) 737-6416; email cyndi.reid@leak
testingspec.com; website leaktesting
spec.com.
Mistras: Mistras Group, Inc.; Christina
Librandy; 195 Clarksville Rd., Princeton
Junction, NJ 08550; (609) 716-4020; fax
(609) 716-0706; email christina.librandy
@mistrasgroup.com; mistrasgroup.com.
Moraine: Moraine Valley Community
College; 9000 W. College Pkwy., Palos
Hills, IL 60465, M150; (708) 974-5735;
email ccce@morainevalley.edu;
morainevalley.edu/ccce/continuing/
nondestructive-testing.
NPI: NDE Professionals, Inc.; 13339 NE
Airport Way, Ste. 100, Portland, OR
97230; (503) 287-5255; fax (503) 287-
5992; email training@qnpi.com;
ndeprofessionals.com.
Odyssey: Odyssey Technology Corp.;
Carol Sansieri; 3000 Village Run Rd.,
Unit 103, #149, Wexford, PA 15090;
(843) 817-3475; email carols@odyssey
test.com.
PQT: PQT Services (Plumstead Training);
Kim Rosa; 806 Botany Rd., Greenville,
SC 29615; (864) 292-1115; fax (770)
514-3299; email krosa@atslab.com;
pqt.net.
QTI: QTI Services, LLC; Michael Kowatch;
(724) 217-9575; email mike@qtillc.com;
qtillc.com.
Quality: Quality Testing Services;
Melissa Rankin; 2305 Millpark Dr.,
Maryland Heights, MO 63043; (314)
770-0607; (888) 770-0607; fax (314)
770-0103; email training@quality
testing.com; qualitytesting.com.
Snell: The Snell Group; 322 N. Main St.,
Ste. 8, Barre, VT 05641; (802) 479-
7100; fax (802) 479-7171; email
info@thesnellgroup.com; thesnell
group.com.
TechKnowServ: TechKnowServ
Corporation; Subash Jayaraman;
2134 Sandy Dr., Ste. 14, State College,
PA 16803; (814) 237-1031; email
subash@techknowserv.com; tech
knowserv.com.
Test: Test NDT; Cathy Harvey; 193 Viking
Ave., Brea, CA 92821; (714) 255-1500;
fax (714) 255-1580; email ndttrain
@aol.com; testndt.com.
Trinity: Trinity Institute of NDT
Technology; Ravi Kumar T. or Shiva
Kumar R.; Plot No. V-22a, 2nd Stage,
Peenya Industrial Estate, Bangalore,
India 560058; 91 99009 29439 or
91 98441 29439; email training
@trinityndt.com; trinityndt.com.

360 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018

Eddy Current Level II, San
Antonio, Texas. BRL.
9–22 APR
Eddy Current Level I/II, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
16–20 APR
Eddy Current Level I,
Cincinnati, Ohio. GE.
Level I, Charleston, South
Carolina. Odyssey.
16–29 APR
Eddy Current Level I/II, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
23–27 APR
Eddy Current Level I, St. Louis,
Missouri. Quality.
30 APR–4 MAY
Eddy Current Level II, St. Louis,
Missouri. Quality.
Level I, Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
1–13 MAY
Eddy Current Level I/II, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
5–7 MAY
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
Bangalore, India. Trinity.
7–11 MAY
Level II, Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
8–20 MAY
Eddy Current Level I/II, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
14–18 MAY
Level II, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania. Odyssey.
15–27 MAY
Eddy Current Level I/II, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
31 MAY–4 JUN
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
Bangalore, India. Trinity.
1–13 JUN
Eddy Current Level I/II, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
4–8 JUN
Level I, Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Level II, Charleston, South
Carolina. Odyssey.
9–22 JUN
Eddy Current Level I/II, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
11–15 JUN
Level II, Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
16–29 JUN
Eddy Current Level I/II, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
18–22 JUN
Level I, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania. Odyssey.
28 JUN–2 JUL
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
Bangalore, India. Trinity.
Infrared and Thermal
Testing
26 FEB–2 MAR
Level I Infrared for Building
Applications, Mississauga,
Ontario, Canada. Snell.
Level I Thermographic
Applications, San Diego,
California. Snell.
Level I Thermographic
Applications, Atlanta, Georgia.
Snell.
5–9 MAR
Level I Thermographic
Applications, Chicago
(Palatine), Illinois. Snell.
12–16 MAR
Level I Thermographic
Applications, Memphis,
Tennessee. Snell.
20–24 MAR
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
26–30 MAR
Level I Thermographic
Applications, Seattle,
Washington. Snell.
27–29 MAR
Infrared Inspection for the Rail
Industry, St. Louis, Missouri.
Quality.
27–31 MAR
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
4–5 APR
Infrared for Electrical
Inspections, Bonita Springs,
Florida. Snell.
9–13 APR
Level I Thermographic
Applications, Charlotte, North
Carolina. Snell.
Level I Thermographic
Applications, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada. Snell.
Level II Advanced Infrared
Thermography, Charlotte,
North Carolina. Snell.
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 361
calendar
Infrared and Thermal Testing, cont. 1 5 – 1 8 M AY 19–23 MAR 5–9 MAR
Applications in Buildings Pressure Change Measurement Level I/II (NAS-410), Branford,
(French), Montréal, Québec, Level I/II (with Bubble Level Connecticut. Atlantic.
16–20 APR
Canada. Snell. I/II add-on elective), Orlando,
Level I Thermographic 6–10 MAR
Florida. LTS.
Applications, Kansas City, 1 5 – 1 9 M AY Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Missouri. Snell. Level I/II, Kerala, India. Decibel. 20–24 MAR Decibel.
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
17–18 APR 1 6 – 1 7 M AY 8–9 MAR
Mechanical Specialty Course, Decibel.
Electrical Specialty Course Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A), Brea,
(French), Montréal, Québec, St. Louis, Missouri. Snell. 9–12 APR California. Test.
Canada. Snell. Leak Testing for Engineers,
2 1 – 2 5 M AY 13–16 MAR
Level I Thermographic Orlando, Florida. LTS.
17–21 APR Level I/II, St. Louis, Missouri.
Level I/II, Kerala, India. Applications, Chicago 16–20 APR Quality.
Decibel. (Palatine), Illinois. Snell. Mass Spectrometer Helium
13–17 MAR
Level II Advanced Infrared Leak Testing, Milan, Italy. ETS.
23–27 APR Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Thermography, Chicago
Level I Thermographic 17–21 APR Decibel.
(Palatine), Illinois. Snell. Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Applications, Louisville,
19–20 MAR
Kentucky. Snell. 2 2 – 2 6 M AY Decibel.
Level I/II, Atlanta, Georgia.
Level I Thermographic Level I/II, Kerala, India. 23–27 APR ATS.
Applications, Dallas, Texas. Decibel. Helium Leak Testing for Level I/II, Jacksonville, Florida.
Snell. 2 8 M AY – 1 J U N Engineers, Milan, Italy. ETS. PQT.
Level II Thermographic Level I Thermographic
Applications, Toronto, Ontario, 14– 18 MAY 20–24 MAR
Applications, Toronto, Ontario, Mass Spectrometer Level I/II
Canada. Snell. Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Canada. Snell. (with Bubble Level I/II add-on
Level II Advanced Infrared Decibel.
Level I Thermographic elective), Orlando, Florida. LTS.
Thermography, Dallas, Texas. Applications (French), 21–22 MAR
Snell. Montréal, Québec, Canada. 15– 19 MAY Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
24–28 APR Snell. Level I/II, Kerala, India. Bangalore, India. Trinity.
Level I/II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
4–8 JUN 26–27 MAR
Decibel. Level I Thermographic 1 JUN Level I/II, San Antonio, Texas.
2–3 MAY Applications, Minneapolis, Bubble Level I/II, St. Louis, BRL.
Infrared for Electrical Minnesota. Snell. Missouri. Quality.
27–31 MAR
Inspections, Houston, Texas. Level I Thermal NDT of 4–8 JUN Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Snell. Materials, Detroit, Michigan. Mass Spectrometer Helium Decibel.
Snell. Leak Testing Level I/II, Milan,
7–11 MAY 3–7 APR
Level II Advanced Infrared Italy. ETS.
Level I Thermographic Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Thermography, Minneapolis, Pressure Change Measurement
Applications, Cleveland, Ohio. Decibel.
Minnesota. Snell. Level I/II (with Bubble Level
Snell.
Level I Thermographic 5–6 JUN I/II add-on elective), Orlando, 10–14 APR
Applications, Sacramento, Electrical Specialty Course, Florida. LTS. Level I/II, Kerala, India.
California. Snell. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Decibel.
11–15 JUN
Level II Thermographic Snell. Mass Spectrometer Helium 12–13 APR
Applications, Calgary, Alberta, Infrared for Electrical Leak Testing, Milan, Italy. ETS. Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A), Brea,
Canada. Snell. Inspections, Omaha, California. Test.
Nebraska. Snell. 19–23 JUN
8–11 MAY Level I/II, Kerala, India. 16–19 APR
Level I, St. Louis, Missouri. 19–23 JUN Decibel. Level I/II (NAS-410), Atlanta,
Quality. Level I/II, Kerala, India. Georgia. ATS.
Decibel. 25–29 JUN
14–15 MAY Helium Leak Testing for 17–20 APR
Electrical Specialty Course, St. 26–30 JUN Engineers, Milan, Italy. ETS. Level I/II, St. Louis, Missouri.
Louis, Missouri. Snell. Level I/II, Kerala, India. Quality.
Decibel.
14–18 MAY Liquid Penetrant Testing 17–21 APR
Level II, St. Louis, Missouri. Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Quality. Leak Testing 5–6 MAR
Decibel.
Level I/II, Palos Hills, Illinois.
Level I Thermographic 5–9 MAR Moraine. 23–24 APR
Applications, Nashville, Pressure Change Level I/II, Greenville, South Level I/II, Jacksonville, Florida.
Tennessee. Snell. Measurement/Bubble Testing Carolina. PQT. PQT.
Level II Advanced Infrared Level I/II & Level III
Thermography, Cincinnati, Preparation, Orlando, Florida.
Ohio. Snell. LTS.

362 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018

23–25 APR 18–19 JUN
Level I/II, San Antonio, Texas. Level I/II, Atlanta, Georgia.
BRL. ATS.
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A), Level I/II, Jacksonville, Florida.
Branford, Connecticut. Atlantic. PQT.
24–28 APR 19–23 JUN
Level I/II, Kerala, India. Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Decibel. Decibel.
25–26 APR 11–14 JUN
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A), Level I/II, Kent, Washington.
Bangalore, India. Trinity. Mistras.
30 APR–1 MAY 20–21 JUN
Level I/II, Palos Hills, Illinois. Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
Moraine. Bangalore, India. Trinity.
30 APR–3 MAY 25–28 JUN
Level II, Heath, Ohio. Mistras. Level I/II, Portland, Oregon.
1–5 MAY
NPI.
Level I/II, Kerala, India. 26–30 JUN
Decibel. Level I/II, Kerala, India.
3–4 MAY
Decibel.
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A), Brea,
California. Test. Magnetic Flux Leakage
7–8 MAY
Testing
Level I/II, Greenville, South 15–28 MAR
Carolina. PQT. Level I/II, Kerala, India.
8–12 MAY
Decibel.
Level I/II, Kerala, India. 16–29 APR
Decibel. Level I/II, Kerala, India.
14–15 MAY
Decibel.
Level I/II, Atlanta, Georgia. 1 5 – 2 7 M AY
ATS. Level I/II, Kerala, India.
15–19 MAY
Decibel.
Level I/II, Kerala, India. 16–29 JUN
Decibel. Level I/II, Kerala, India.
21–22 MAY
Decibel.
Level I/II, Jacksonville, Florida.
PQT. Magnetic Particle and
22–26 MAY
Liquid Penetrant Testing
Level I/II, Kerala, India. 19–23 MAR
Decibel. Level I/II, Atlanta, Georgia.
23–24 MAY
ATS.
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A), 23–27 APR
Bangalore, India. Trinity. Level I/II, Branford,
29 MAY–1 JUN
Connecticut. Atlantic.
Level I/II, St. Louis, Missouri. 7 – 1 1 M AY
Quality. Level I/II, Pittsburgh,
4–5 JUN
Pennsylvania. QTI.
Level I/II, Greenville, South 1 4 – 1 8 M AY
Carolina. PQT. Level I/II, Atlanta, Georgia.
5–9 JUN
ATS.
Level I/II, Kerala, India. 18–22 JUN
Decibel. Level I/II, Atlanta, Georgia.
12–16 JUN
ATS.
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 363

calendar
Magnetic Particle Testing 16–20 APR 23– 25 MAY 12–16 MAR
Level I/II (NAS-410), Branford, Level I/II, Jacksonville, Florida. Radiation Safety for
5–7 MAR Connecticut. Atlantic. PQT. Radiographers (40 hours),
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A), Brea, Jacksonville, Florida. PQT.
California. Test. 17–21 APR 5–9 JUN
Level I/II, Kerala, India. Level I/II, Kerala, India. 15–28 MAR
6–9 MAR Decibel. Decibel. Film Interpretation Level II,
Level I/II, St. Louis, Missouri. Kerala, India. Decibel.
Quality. 23–24 APR 6–8 JUN
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A), Level I/II, Greenville, South Level I/II, Kerala, India.
6–10 MAR Bangalore, India. Trinity. Carolina. PQT. Decibel.
Level I/II, Kerala, India. 19–23 MAR
Decibel. 23–26 APR 12–16 JUN
Computed Radiography Level I,
Level I/II (NAS-410), Atlanta, Level I/II, Kerala, India.
7–9 MAR Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Georgia. ATS. Decibel.
Level I/II, Palos Hills, Illinois. Digital Radiography Level I,
Moraine. 24–27 APR 18–19 JUN Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Level II, Heath, Ohio. Mistras. Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A), Level I Film, Atlanta, Georgia.
7–10 MAR Bangalore, India. Trinity.
24–28 APR ATS.
Level I/II, Greenville, South
Level I/II, Kerala, India. 18–21 JUN Level I Non-film (NAS-410),
Carolina. PQT.
Decibel. Level I/II, Portland, Oregon. Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
13–15 MAR NPI.
25–27 APR 19–28 MAR
Level I/II, Greenville, South
Level I/II, San Antonio, Texas. 19–23 JUN Level I Film/Non-film
Carolina. PQT.
BRL. Level I/II, Kerala, India. (NAS-410), Atlanta, Georgia.
13–17 MAR Level I/II, Jacksonville, Florida. Decibel. ATS.
Level I/II, Kerala, India. PQT. 20–22 JUN 23–25 MAR
Decibel. Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A), Level I/II, Atlanta, Georgia. Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
19–20 MAR Branford, Connecticut. Atlantic. Bangalore, India. Trinity.
ATS.
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A), 3 0 A PR– 2 M AY Level I/II, Jacksonville, Florida. 26–28 MAR
Bangalore, India. Trinity. Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A), Brea, PQT. Rhythm Software Workshop
20–24 MAR California. Test. 26–30 JUN (Three Day), Cincinnati, Ohio.
Level I/II, Kerala, India. 1 – 5 M AY Level I/II, Kerala, India. GE.
Decibel. Level I/II, Kerala, India. Decibel. 26–30 MAR
21–23 MAR Decibel. Computed Radiography Level
Level I/II, Atlanta, Georgia. 2 – 4 M AY Radiographic Testing II, Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
ATS. Level I/II, Palos Hills, Illinois. Digital Radiography Level II,
Level I/II, Jacksonville, Florida. 1–14 MAR
Moraine. Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
PQT. Film Interpretation Level II,
Level I, Portland, Oregon. NPI.
8 – 1 2 M AY Kerala, India. Decibel.
27–31 MAR Level II Film, Atlanta, Georgia.
Level I/II, Kerala, India. Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Level I/II, Kerala, India. ATS.
Decibel. Decibel.
Decibel. Level II Non-film (NAS-410),
9 – 1 1 M AY 5–7 MAR Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
28–30 MAR Level I/II, Greenville, South Level II Non-film Transition Radiation Safety, St. Louis,
Level I/II, San Antonio, Texas. Carolina. PQT. (NAS-410), Atlanta, Georgia. Missouri. Quality.
BRL. ATS.
1 5 – 1 9 M AY 26 MAR–4 APR
3–7 APR Level I/II, Kerala, India. 5–9 MAR Level II Film/Non-film
Level I/II, Kerala, India. Decibel. Advanced Digital X-ray Level II, (NAS-410), Atlanta, Georgia.
Decibel. Cincinnati, Ohio. GE. ATS.
1 6 – 1 8 M AY
9–11 APR Digital Detector Array Level II, 27–29 MAR
Level I/II, Atlanta, Georgia.
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A), Brea, Cincinnati, Ohio. GE. Level I Non-film Transition
ATS.
California. Test. Level II, Heath, Ohio. Mistras. (NAS-410), Atlanta, Georgia.
2 1 – 2 2 M AY
10–13 APR 8–21 MAR ATS.
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
Level I/II, St. Louis, Missouri. Film Interpretation Level II,
Bangalore, India. Trinity. 2–4 APR
Quality. Kerala, India. Decibel. Level II Non-film Transition
2 2 – 2 5 M AY Level I/II, Kerala, India. (NAS-410), Atlanta, Georgia.
10–14 APR Level I/II, St. Louis, Missouri. Decibel.
Level I/II, Kerala, India. ATS.
Quality.
Decibel. 12–14 MAR
2 2 – 2 6 M AY Digital Radiographic
16–18 APR Level I/II, Kerala, India. Interpretation (Three Day),
Level I/II, Greenville, South Decibel. Cincinnati, Ohio. GE.
Carolina. PQT.

364 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018

2–6 APR
Advanced Digital X-ray Level II,
Cincinnati, Ohio. GE.
Computed Radiography Level I,
Greenville, South Carolina.
PQT.
Digital Radiography Level I,
Greenville, South Carolina.
PQT.
Intermediate Digital X-ray
Level II, Cincinnati, Ohio. GE.
Level I, Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT.
Level I, St. Louis, Missouri.
Quality.
Level I Film, Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT.
Level I Non-film (NAS-410),
Greenville, South Carolina.
PQT.
Level II, Portland, Oregon. NPI.
Radiation Safety, Palos Hills,
Illinois. Moraine.
2–14 APR
Film Interpretation Level II,
Kerala, India. Decibel.
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
9–12 APR
Hands On (Four Day),
Pasadena, Texas. GE.
9–13 APR
Computed Radiography Level
II, Greenville, South Carolina.
PQT.
Digital Radiography Level II,
Greenville, South Carolina.
PQT.
Level II, Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT.
Level II, St. Louis, Missouri.
Quality.
Level II Film, Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT.
Level II Non-film (NAS-410),
Greenville, South Carolina.
PQT.
Non-film Level I/II Transition
(NAS-410), Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT.
Radiation Safety for
Radiographers (40 hours),
Greenville, South Carolina.
PQT.
X-ray Computed Tomography,
Cincinnati, Ohio. GE.
9–22 APR
Film Interpretation Level II,
Kerala, India. Decibel.
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
16–20 APR
Computed Radiography Level I,
Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Digital Radiography Level I,
Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Level I Film, Atlanta, Georgia.
ATS.
Level I Non-film (NAS-410),
Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
16–25 APR
Level I Film/Non-film
(NAS-410), Atlanta, Georgia.
ATS.
16–29 APR
Film Interpretation Level II,
Kerala, India. Decibel.
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
23–27 APR
Computed Radiography Level
II, Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Digital Radiography Level II,
Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Film Interpretation Level I/II,
St. Louis, Missouri. Quality.
Level II Film, Atlanta, Georgia.
ATS.
Level II Non-film (NAS-410),
Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
2 3 A P R – 2 M AY
Level II Film/Non-film
(NAS-410), Atlanta, Georgia.
ATS.
24–26 APR
Level I Non-film Transition
(NAS-410), Atlanta, Georgia.
ATS.
27–29 APR
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
Bangalore, India. Trinity.
3 0 A P R – 2 M AY
Level II Non-film Transition
(NAS-410), Atlanta, Georgia.
ATS.
1 – 1 3 M AY
Film Interpretation Level II,
Kerala, India. Decibel.
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
8– 20 MAY
Film Interpretation Level II,
Kerala, India. Decibel.
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
14– 18 MAY
Computed Radiography Level I,
Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Computed Radiography Level I,
Greenville, South Carolina.
PQT.
Digital Radiography Level I,
Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Digital Radiography Level I,
Greenville, South Carolina.
PQT.
Level I, Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT.
Level I Film, Atlanta, Georgia.
ATS.
Level I Film, Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT.
Level I Non-film (NAS-410),
Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Level I Non-film (NAS-410),
Greenville, South Carolina.
PQT.
Radiation Safety, Palos Hills,
Illinois. Moraine.
14– 23 MAY
Level I Film/Non-film (NAS-
410), Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
15– 27 MAY
Film Interpretation Level II,
Kerala, India. Decibel.
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
21– 25 MAY
Computed Radiography Level
II, Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Computed Radiography Level
II, Greenville, South Carolina.
PQT.
Digital Radiography Level II,
Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Digital Radiography Level II,
Greenville, South Carolina.
PQT.
Level II, Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT.
Level II Film, Atlanta, Georgia.
ATS.
Level II Film, Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT.
Level II Non-film (NAS-410),
Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Level II Non-film (NAS-410),
Greenville, South Carolina.
PQT.
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION
Non-film Level I/II Transition
(NAS-410), Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT.
25– 27 MAY
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
Bangalore, India. Trinity.
1–13 JUN
Film Interpretation Level II,
Kerala, India. Decibel.
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
4–6 JUN
Film Interpretation for
Radiographers (24 hours),
Greenville, South Carolina.
PQT.
4–8 JUN
Level I, Heath, Ohio. Mistras.
Radiation Safety (IRRSP
Preparation), Brea, California.
Test.
9–22 JUN
Film Interpretation Level II,
Kerala, India. Decibel.
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
11–15 JUN
Computed Radiography Level I,
Greenville, South Carolina.
PQT.
Digital Radiography Level I,
Greenville, South Carolina.
PQT.
Level I, Jacksonville, Florida.
PQT.
Level I, Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT.
Level I, Brea, California. Test.
Level I Film, Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT.
Level I Non-film (NAS-410),
Greenville, South Carolina.
PQT.
Level II, Heath, Ohio. Mistras.
Radiation Safety for
Radiographers (40 hours),
Greenville, South Carolina.
PQT.
16–29 JUN
Film Interpretation Level II,
Kerala, India. Decibel.
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
365
calendar
Radiographic Testing, cont.
18–22 JUN
Computed Radiography Level I,
Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Computed Radiography
Level II, Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT.
Digital Radiography Level I,
Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Digital Radiography Level II,
Greenville, South Carolina.
PQT.
Level I Film, Atlanta, Georgia.
ATS.
Level I Non-film (NAS-410),
Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Level II, Jacksonville, Florida.
PQT.
Level II, Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT.
Level II, Brea, California. Test.
Level II Film, Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT.
Level II Non-film (NAS-410),
Greenville, South Carolina.
PQT.
Non-film Level I/II Transition
(NAS-410), Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT.
18–27 JUN
Level I Film/Non-film
(NAS-410), Atlanta, Georgia.
ATS.
22–24 JUN
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
Bangalore, India. Trinity.
25–29 JUN
Computed Radiography
Level II, Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Digital Radiography Level II,
Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Level II Film, Atlanta, Georgia.
ATS.
Level II Non-film (NAS-410),
Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Radiation Safety, St. Louis,
Missouri. Quality.
Radiation Safety for
Radiographers (40 hours),
Jacksonville, Florida. PQT.
26–28 JUN
Level I Non-film Transition
(NAS-410), Atlanta, Georgia.
ATS.
366 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
Ultrasonic Testing
1–14 MAR
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
Phased Array Level II, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
Time of Flight Diffraction
Level II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
1–18 MAR
Practical Level II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
5–9 MAR
Level I, Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Level I, San Antonio, Texas.
BRL.
Phased Array Week 2,
Pasadena, Texas. GE.
Time of Flight Diffraction, St.
Louis, Missouri. Quality.
6–24 MAR
Practical Level II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
8–21 MAR
Auto Data Interpreter Level II,
Kerala, India. Decibel.
Level I, San Antonio, Texas.
BRL.
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
Phased Array Level II, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
Time of Flight Diffraction Level
II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
12–14 MAR
Ultrasonic Thickness Testing,
Greenville, South Carolina.
PQT.
12–16 MAR
Level I, Cincinnati, Ohio. GE.
Level I, Portland, Oregon. NPI.
Level I, St. Louis, Missouri.
Quality.
Level I, Brea, California. Test.
Level II, Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Level II, San Antonio, Texas.
BRL.
13–15 MAR
Weld Inspection, Heath, Ohio.
Mistras.
14–18 MAR
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
Bangalore, India. Trinity.
15–28 MAR
Level I/II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
Phased Array Level II, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
Time of Flight Diffraction
Level II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
19–23 MAR
Level I, Palos Hills, Illinois.
Moraine.
Level II, Cincinnati, Ohio. GE.
Level II, Portland, Oregon. NPI.
Level II, St. Louis, Missouri.
Quality.
Level II, Brea, California. Test.
Phased Array Level I, State
College, Pennsylvania.
TechKnowServ.
22 MAR
Thickness, Digital Level II, San
Antonio, Texas. BRL.
23–27 MAR
Level II, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania. Odyssey.
26–30 MAR
Level II, Charleston, South
Carolina. Odyssey.
Phased Array Level II, State
College, Pennsylvania.
TechKnowServ.
27–29 MAR
Thickness, St. Louis, Missouri.
Quality.
2–6 APR
Level I, Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Level II, Palos Hills, Illinois.
Moraine.
2–14 APR
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
Phased Array Level II, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
Time of Flight Diffraction
Level II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
3–22 APR
Practical Level II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
9–13 APR
Level I, Heath, Ohio. Mistras.
Level II, Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
9–22 APR
Auto Data Interpreter Level II,
Kerala, India. Decibel.
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
Phased Array Level II, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
Time of Flight Diffraction
Level II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
10–29 APR
Practical Level II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
16–20 APR
Level I, Brea, California. Test.
Level II, Heath, Ohio. Mistras.
16–29 APR
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
Phased Array Level II, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
Time of Flight Diffraction Level
II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
18–22 APR
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
Bangalore, India. Trinity.
19 APR
Thickness, Digital Level II, San
Antonio, Texas. BRL.
19–20 APR
Level I/II, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania. QTI.
23–27 APR
Level II, Brea, California. Test.
30 A P R – 1 MAY
Phased Array First 40 Hours,
San Antonio, Texas. BRL.
30 A P R – 04 MAY
Level I, Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
1– 13 MAY
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
Phased Array Level II, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
Time of Flight Diffraction
Level II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
1– 20 MAY
Practical Level II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
5– 7 MAY
Level II, Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
7– 11 MAY
Level I, Palos Hills, Illinois.
Moraine.
Level I, Brea, California. Test.
Level II, Kent, Washington.
Mistras.
8– 20 MAY
Auto Data Interpreter Level II,
Kerala, India. Decibel.
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
Phased Array Level II, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
Time of Flight Diffraction
Level II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
8–27 MAY 13–17 JUN
Practical Level II, Kerala, India. Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
Decibel. Bangalore, India. Trinity.
14–18 MAY 16–29 JUN
Level II, Brea, California. Test. Level I/II, Kerala, India.
15–27 MAY
Decibel.
Level I/II, Kerala, India. Decibel. Phased Array Level II, Kerala,
Phased Array Level II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
India. Decibel. Time of Flight Diffraction Level
Time of Flight Diffraction II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
Level II, Kerala, India. Decibel. 18–22 JUN
Time of Flight Diffraction, St.
16–20 MAY
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A), Louis, Missouri. Quality.
Bangalore, India. Trinity. 25–29 JUN
Level II, Pittsburgh,
21–25 MAY
Level II, Kent, Washington. Pennsylvania. Odyssey.
Mistras. 26–28 JUN
Level II, Pittsburgh, Ultrasonic Thickness Testing,
Pennsylvania. Odyssey. Greenville, South Carolina.
22–24 MAY
PQT.
Thickness, St. Louis, Missouri.
Quality. Visual Testing
Weld Inspection, Heath, Ohio. 6–8 MAR
Mistras. Level I/II, Portland, Oregon.
1–13 JUN NPI.
Level I/II, Kerala, India. Level I/II, Pittsburgh,
Decibel. Pennsylvania. QTI.
Phased Array Level II, Kerala, 12 MAR
India. Decibel. Weld Inspection, Pittsburgh,
Time of Flight Diffraction Pennsylvania. QTI.
Level II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
13–17 MAR
1–20 JUN Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Practical Level II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
Decibel.
19–21 MAR
4–8 JUN Level I/II, San Antonio, Texas.
Level I, Atlanta, Georgia. ATS. BRL.
Level I, St. Louis, Missouri.
Quality. 20–24 MAR
Phased Array Week 1, St. Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Louis, Missouri. Quality. Decibel.
5–27 JUN 26–28 MAR
Practical Level II, Kerala, India. Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
Decibel. Bangalore, India. Trinity.
9–22 JUN 27–31 MAR
Auto Data Interpreter Level II, Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Kerala, India. Decibel. Decibel.
Level I/II, Kerala, India. 2–4 APR
Decibel. Level I/II, Atlanta, Georgia.
Phased Array Level II, Kerala, ATS.
India. Decibel.
10–14 APR
Time of Flight Diffraction Level
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
Decibel.
11–15 JUN
16–18 APR
Level II, Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Level I/II, San Antonio, Texas.
Level II, St. Louis, Missouri.
BRL.
Quality.
Phased Array Week 2, St. 17–21 APR
Louis, Missouri. Quality. Level I/II, Kerala, India. Decibel.

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 367

calendar
Visual Testing, cont.
17–19 APR
Level I/II, Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT.
24–26 APR
Level I/II, St. Louis, Missouri.
Quality.
24–28 APR
Level I/II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
30 APR–2 MAY
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
Bangalore, India. Trinity.
8–10 MAY
Weld Inspection, Heath, Ohio.
Mistras.
8–12 MAY
Level I/II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
15–19 MAY
Level I/II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
22–26 MAY
Level I/II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
28–30 MAY
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
Bangalore, India. Trinity.
12–16 JUN
Level I/II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
19–23 JUN
Level I/II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
20–22 JUN
Level I/II, Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT.
25–27 JUN
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
Bangalore, India. Trinity.
26–30 JUN
Level I/II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
Online Education
The following are contacts for organizations offering online courses available any time. For
course offerings and other information, please contact the organization.
Chuck Hellier’s NDT Classroom, Inc.: William
Cronberger; 710 Main St., Buffalo, NY
14202-1915; (716) 812-8165; email
billc@ndtclassroom.com.
Global NDE Guru: S.B. Prasad; 11210
Steeplecrest Dr., Suite 370, Houston, TX
77065; (877) 237-2858; fax (832) 237-
2800; email info@ndeguru.com or
ndt@ndtcs.com; ndeguru.com.
Short Courses/Topical Lead Auditor ISO 9001, Kerala, 1–15 APR
Seminars India. Decibel. Certified Quality Controller—
NDT Auditing Systems, Kerala, Civil, Kerala, India. Decibel.
1–2 MAR India. Decibel. Mechanical Inspector Oil and
Hardness and Conductivity, St.
Welding Inspection and Gas, Kerala, India. Decibel.
Louis, Missouri. Quality. Quality Control Level I, Kerala, 2–4 APR
1–10 MAR India. Decibel.
Flow Iron Recertification, State
Inservice Inspection Corossion Welding Inspection and College, Pennsylvania.
Monitoring, Kerala, India. Decibel. Quality Control Level II, Kerala, TechKnowServ.
India. Decibel.
1–12 MAR 2–14 APR
Certified Quality Controller— 12–16 MAR
API 510 Preparatory Course,
Mechanical, Kerala, India. All in One (PT, MT, and
Kerala, India. Decibel.
Decibel. Ultrasonic Thickness Testing)
Welding Inspection and
Level II, State College,
1–14 MAR Quality Control Level I, Kerala,
Pennsylvania. TechKnowServ.
API 510 Preparatory Course, India. Decibel.
Kerala, India. Decibel. 12–24 MAR Welding Inspection and
Welding Inspection and Certified Quality Controller— Quality Control Level II, Kerala,
Quality Control Level I, Kerala, Mechanical, Kerala, India. India. Decibel.
Decibel.
India. Decibel. 3–22 APR
Welding Inspection and 15–28 MAR Concrete NDT, Kerala, India.
Quality Control Level II, Kerala, API 653 Preparatory Course, Decibel.
India. Decibel. Kerala, India. Decibel. 9–22 APR
1–15 MAR NDT Train the Trainer, Kerala, API 570 Preparatory Course,
Certified Quality Controller— India. Decibel. Kerala, India. Decibel.
Civil, Kerala, India. Decibel. Welding Inspection and Lead Auditor ISO 9001, Kerala,
Mechanical Inspector Oil and Quality Control Level I, Kerala, India. Decibel.
Gas, Kerala, India. Decibel. India. Decibel. NDT Auditing Systems, Kerala,
Welding Inspection and India. Decibel.
1–18 MAR Quality Control Level II, Kerala,
Concrete NDT, Kerala, India. Welding Inspection and
India. Decibel.
Decibel. Quality Control Level I, Kerala,
16–30 MAR India. Decibel.
5–7 MAR Piping Inspection, Kerala, Welding Inspection and
Flow Iron Recertification, State India. Decibel. Quality Control Level II, Kerala,
College, Pennsylvania.
20–22 MAR
India. Decibel.
TechKnowServ.
Basic Metallurgy for NDT, 10–20 APR
6–24 MAR Heath, Ohio. Mistras. Inservice Inspection Corossion
Concrete NDT, Kerala, India.
1–12 APR
Monitoring, Kerala, India.
Decibel. Decibel.
Certified Quality Controller—
8–21 MAR Mechanical, Kerala, India. 10–29 APR
API 570 Preparatory Course,
Decibel. Concrete NDT, Kerala, India.
Kerala, India. Decibel. Decibel.
12–24 APR
Certified Quality Controller—
Mechanical, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
16–29 APR
API 653 Preparatory Course,
Son Set Consultants Training, LLC: Rick Kerala, India. Decibel.
Gaffney; 7679 N. 140th E. Ave., Owasso, NDT Train the Trainer, Kerala,
OK 74055; (918) 633-0740; email sonset India. Decibel.
consultants@gmail.com; weld- Welding Inspection and
procedure.com. Quality Control Level I, Kerala,
WorldSpec NDT Training, a division of Hellier India. Decibel.
NDT: Parker Ray; 600 Kenrick Suite C-1, Welding Inspection and
Houston, TX, 77060-66239; (877) 506- Quality Control Level II, Kerala,
7773; email info@worldspec.org; India. Decibel.
worldspec.org.

368 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018

16–30 APR
Piping Inspection, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
23–27 APR
All in One (PT, MT, and
Ultrasonic Thickness Testing)
Level II, State College,
Pennsylvania. TechKnowServ.
1–3 MAY
Flow Iron Recertification, State
College, Pennsylvania.
TechKnowServ.
1–12 MAY
Certified Quality Controller—
Mechanical, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
1–13 MAY
API 510 Preparatory Course,
Kerala, India. Decibel.
Welding Inspection and
Quality Control Level I, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
Welding Inspection and
Quality Control Level II, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
1–15 MAY
Certified Quality Controller—
Civil, Kerala, India. Decibel.
Mechanical Inspector Oil and
Gas, Kerala, India. Decibel.
1–20 MAY
Concrete NDT, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
4 MAY
Human Factors Awareness,
St. Louis, Missouri. Quality.
8–20 MAY
API 570 Preparatory Course,
Kerala, India. Decibel.
Lead Auditor ISO 9001, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
NDT Auditing Systems, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
Welding Inspection and
Quality Control Level I, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
Welding Inspection and
Quality Control Level II, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
8–27 MAY
Concrete NDT, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
10–20 MAY
Inservice Inspection Corossion
Monitoring, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
1 2 – 2 4 M AY
Certified Quality Controller—
Mechanical, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
1 5 M AY
Welder Workmanship, St.
Louis, Missouri. Quality.
1 5 – 2 7 M AY
API 653 Preparatory Course,
Kerala, India. Decibel.
NDT Train the Trainer, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
Welding Inspection and
Quality Control Level I, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
Welding Inspection and
Quality Control Level II, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
1 6 – 3 0 M AY
Piping Inspection, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
1–10 JUN
Inservice Inspection Corossion
Monitoring, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
1–12 JUN
Certified Quality Controller—
Mechanical, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
1–13 JUN
API 510 Preparatory Course,
Kerala, India. Decibel.
Welding Inspection and
Quality Control Level I, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
Welding Inspection and
Quality Control Level II, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
1–15 JUN
Certified Quality Controller—
Civil, Kerala, India. Decibel.
Mechanical Inspector Oil and
Gas, Kerala, India. Decibel.
1–20 JUN
Concrete NDT, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
4–6 JUN
Flow Iron Recertification, State
College, Pennsylvania.
TechKnowServ.
5–27 JUN
Concrete NDT, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
9–22 JUN
API 570 Preparatory Course,
Kerala, India. Decibel.
Lead Auditor ISO 9001, Kerala, 13–17 MAR
India. Decibel. PT Level III, Kerala, India.
NDT Auditing Systems, Kerala, Decibel.
India. Decibel. RT Level III, Kerala, India.
Welding Inspection and Decibel.
Quality Control Level I, Kerala, 14–16 MAR
India. Decibel. PT Level III, Houston, Texas.
Welding Inspection and Kraft.
Quality Control Level II, Kerala,
India. Decibel. 19–23 MAR
ET (Eddy Current) Level III,
11–15 JUN
Houston, Texas. Kraft.
All in One (PT, MT, and
20–22 MAR
Ultrasonic Thickness Testing)
MT Level III, St. Louis,
Level II, State College,
Missouri. Quality.
Pennsylvania. TechKnowServ.
12–24 JUN 27–31 MAR
UT Level III, Kerala, India.
Certified Quality Controller—
Mechanical, Kerala, India. Decibel.
Decibel. VT Level III, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
16–29 JUN
2–6 APR
API 653 Preparatory Course,
Advanced Digital X-ray Level
Kerala, India. Decibel.
III, Cincinnati, Ohio. GE.
NDT Train the Trainer, Kerala,
UT Level III, Houston, Texas.
India. Decibel.
Kraft.
Welding Inspection and
Quality Control Level I, Kerala, 3–5 APR
India. Decibel. PT Level III, St. Louis, Missouri.
Welding Inspection and Quality.
Quality Control Level II, Kerala,
India. Decibel. 3–7 APR
Basic Level III, Kerala, India.
16–30 JUN Decibel.
Piping Inspection, Kerala, MT Level III, Kerala, India.
India. Decibel. Decibel.
26–28 JUN 4–6 APR
Basic Metallurgy for NDT, Basic Level III, Greenville,
Heath, Ohio. Mistras. South Carolina. PQT.
29 JUN MT Level III, Greenville, South
NDT 101, St. Louis, Missouri. Carolina. PQT.
Quality. PT Level III, Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT.
Level III Examination UT Level III, Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT.
Preparation/Refreshers VT Level III, Greenville, South
5–9 MAR Carolina. PQT.
Basic Level III, Houston, Texas. 9–13 APR
Kraft. Basic Level III, Houston, Texas.
UT Level III, St. Louis, Kraft.
Missouri. Quality. CWI Level III, St. Louis,
6–10 MAR Missouri. Quality.
Basic Level III, Kerala, India. 10–14 APR
Decibel. PT Level III, Kerala, India.
MT Level III, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
Decibel. RT Level III, Kerala, India.
12–14 MAR Decibel.
MT Level III, Houston, Texas.
16–18 APR
Kraft. MT Level III, Houston, Texas.
Kraft.
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 369
calendar
Level III Examination Basic Level III, St. Louis, 21– 25 MAY 12–16 JUN
Preparation/Refreshers, cont. Missouri. Quality. Basic Level III, Brea, California. PT Level III, Kerala, India.
16–20 APR
IR Level III Best Practices, Test. Decibel.
RT Level III, St. Louis, Missouri. Kansas City, Missouri. Snell. UT Level III, Dayton, Ohio. RT Level III, Kerala, India.
Quality. 8 – 1 2 M AY
Kraft. Decibel.

18–20 APR
PT Level III, Kerala, India. Decibel. 22– 26 MAY 18–22 JUN
PT Level III, Houston, Texas. Kraft. RT Level III, Kerala, India. Decibel. UT Level III, Kerala, India. UT Level III, St. Louis,
1 4 – 1 6 M AY
Decibel. Missouri. Quality.
24–28 APR
UT Level III, Kerala, India. Decibel. MT Level III, Dayton, Ohio. Kraft. 30 MAY – 1 JU N 25–29 JUN
VT Level III, Houston, Texas. ET (Eddy Current) Level III,
1 4 – 1 8 M AY
30 APR–4 MAY Kraft. Houston, Texas. Kraft.
RT Level III, Houston, Texas. Kraft. ET Level III, St. Louis, Missouri.
Quality. 5–9 JUN
RT Level III, St. Louis, Missouri.
1–3 MAY Basic Level III, Kerala, India. Quality
1 6 – 1 8 M AY UT Level III, Brea, California.
VT Level III, St. Louis, Missouri. Decibel.
Quality. Basic Level III, Greenville, Test.
South Carolina. PQT. MT Level III, Kerala, India.
1–5 MAY MT Level III, Greenville, South Decibel. 26–30 JUN
Basic Level III, Kerala, India. ET Level III, Kerala, India.
Carolina. PQT. 11–15 JUN
Decibel. Decibel.
PT Level III, Dayton, Ohio. RT Level III, Dayton, Ohio.
MT Level III, Kerala, India. Decibel. UT Level III, Kerala, India.
Kraft. Kraft.
Decibel.
7–11 MAY UT Level III, Greenville, South
VT Level III, Kerala, India.
Basic Level III, Dayton, Ohio. Carolina. PQT.
Decibel. wx
Kraft. VT Level III, Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT.

370 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018


AE Source Localization in a Steel Plate with the
Dispersive A0 Mode based on the Cross-Correlation
Technique and Time Reversal Principle
by Zenghua Liu*, Tuocan Dong†, Qiuling Peng†, Cunfu He†, Qiufeng Li‡, and Bin Wu†
ABSTRACT
The accuracy of damage localization, especially the
accurate determination of the time arrival differ-
ence, is important in the field of acoustic emission
(AE) source localization. In this paper, we propose
a new approach to localize an AE source with the
dispersive A0 mode. For this approach, we
analyzed the cross correlation of AE signals with a
reference database and determined the time lag of
A0 mode. The technique is carried out in a two-
stage computational process. First, AE signals are
used to construct the reference database and
compensate for the dispersion of waves based on
the time reversal principle. Second, the time arrival
difference of the A0 mode is determined by the
cross correlation of AE signals with the reference
signals using the first threshold-crossing
technique. A localization algorithm is carried out
based on the triangulation technique. The
proposed approach is conducted on a steel plate
with three AE sensors coupling on the surface.
Pencil-lead breaks are adopted to simulate AE
sources. Results indicated that eight verification
points were successfully localized with the
* College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology,
Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China; email:
liuzenghua@bjut.edu.cn
† College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology,
Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
‡ The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of NDT, Nanchang Hangkong
University, Nanchang, 330063, China
ME TECHNICAL PAPER w
x
maximum and minimum relative errors of 0.98%
and 0.58%, respectively. Thus, this paper shows
an optional technique to localize AE sources with
the A0 mode, which is of significant importance.
KEYWORDS: acoustic emission, source localization,
time reversal, cross correlation, pencil-lead break
Introduction
Various techniques have been developed to guarantee the
safety and operational performance of different structures,
such as composite parts (Liu et al., 2013b), aircrafts (Han
et al., 2011), bridges (Pullin et al., 1999), pipelines (Liu et al.,
2015b), and concrete materials (Grondel et al., 2002; Li et al.,
2015). Among the various techniques used for structural
health monitoring (SHM), the acoustic emission (AE)
method is widely used to evaluate and investigate damage
positions in structures. AE is a mechanical stress wave
resulting from an energy released during microstructural
changes. The waves travel through structures and lead to
micro displacement on the structure’s surface, which can be
detected by AE sensors (Wevers, 1997). In general, AE waves
show characteristics of lamb waves when propagating in plate-
like structures. Researchers have investigated the applications
of lamb waves for several years because it is a promising
candidate in monitoring and evaluating damages (Liu et al.,
2013a; Niri and Salamone, 2012). However, this technique
still has some disadvantages because of its multimode and
dispersive characteristics (Barthorpe et al., 2012; Harb and
Yuan, 2015). AE source localization using lamb waves can be
achieved by using an active-passive or passive only approach
(Niri and Salamone, 2012). In the active-passive approach,
both emitting and receiving transducers are used, whereas in
the passive approach, only receiving transducers are used. The
AE technique is a typical passive technique in which only
receiving transducers are used. In large plate-like structures,
two fundamental lamb wave modes always exist: symmetric
mode (S mode) and antisymmetric mode (A mode), which
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 371
ME TECHNICAL PAPER w
x ae source localization
have different types of vibration displacements and travel at
different frequencies. Figure 1 shows the mode shapes of two
lamb waves in plate-like structures (Watkins and Jha, 2012).
Figure 2 shows group velocity dispersion curves of lamb
waves in a 3 mm thick steel plate. Here, its longitudinal wave
velocity is 5960 m/s, its shear wave velocity is 3260 m/s, and
its density is 7932 kg/m3. The dispersion curves illustrate that
the different frequency components of lamb waves travel at
different velocities. The nature of lamb wave modes leads to a
drastic decrease in the performance of a source localization
system (Ciampa and Meo, 2010). In the low-frequency range
(<200 kHz), only A0 and S0 modes exist. The S0 mode travels
faster than the A0 mode and shows a nondispersive character-
istic, whereas the A0 mode is largely dispersive. The disper-
sion characteristic makes it difficult to analyze the arrival
times when localizing AE sources based on the A0 mode.
However, in large plate-like structures, due to the attenuation
effect, a low-frequency A0 mode can propagate a long distance
with high energy (Ziola and Gorman, 1991; He et al., 2017),
which indicates that the A0 mode of lamb waves has a prom-
ising application in AE source localization.
A classical way to localize the AE source is to calculate the
distance between the source and the sensor by the multiplica-
tion of wave velocity with the arrival time of waves. This tech-
nique is commonly used in the AE method for its ability to
locate the source (Kishi et al., 1991), but it is impossible to
(a) (b)
Figure 1. Two lamb waves mode shapes in plate-like structures:
(a) symmetric lamb waves mode; (b) antisymmetric lamb waves
mode.
6000
Group velocty (m/s)
S0 A1
4000
2000
A0
S1
0
0 200 400 600 800
Frequency (kHz)
Figure 2. Group velocity dispersion curves of lamb wave in a 3 mm
thick steel plate.
372 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
obtain the arrival time of waves because the exact time of
generation of acoustic events is unknown (Kundu, 2014).
Therefore, a modified approach of source localization was
developed based on the arrival time difference technique. The
arrival time difference is the difference of arrival times or the
arrival time delay among different sensors (Aljet et al., 2012;
Xiao et al., 2014). This approach is always applied to the
sensor array by measuring the velocity of AE waves and the
arrival time difference. This approach is applicable to
isotropic materials, such as metallic materials. However,
uncertainties are inevitably introduced into the arrival time
difference measurement because of random errors, systematic
errors, and AE signal characteristics (multimode and disper-
sion). To reduce these errors, different techniques have been
investigated to determine the arrival time difference.
In previous research, other authors (Sedlak et al., 2013)
presented an automatic determination technique for the first
arrival time based on the akaike information criterion (AIC)
of AE signals for a thin multilayer plate. In the study, the first-
coming mode (S0 mode) was not dispersive due to the short
source-to-sensor distance and the small plate-like specimens
used. Although it is still difficult to quantify the reliability of
the arrival time, the proposed two-step AIC approach is a
useful tool to locate AE events by automatically assigning
arrival time. However, in large plate-like structures, dispersion
and multimode nature are two crucial factors in AE event
localization. To minimize the influence of multimode nature
and dispersion, other authors (Mohd et al., 2014) proposed a
novel technique of wavelet transform analysis and modal
location based on lamb waves theory and time-frequency
analysis and proved that this technique is more accurate for
source localization than the time of arrival (TOA) technique.
Also, it could be considered a more reliable and easier source
localization methodology than delta T, since no test grid and
Hsu-Nielsen source for training data is needed.
Other authors (Zarate et al., 2015) proposed a bayesian
framework that considered uncertainties in wave velocities
and arrival times and adopted a continuous wavelet transform
(CWT) to calculate. They obtained a greater accuracy with
the use of liquid-borne waves and obtained reliability through
the bayesian approach, which can eventually lead to signifi-
cant improvements in source localization technology for
liquid-filled tanks. Other authors (Niri and Salamone, 2012)
proposed a probabilistic approach for AE source localization
in an isotropic plate based on an extended kalman filter
(EKF) and studied the uncertainties by using the CWT tech-
nique. Further research (Zhong et al., 2015) achieved multi-
impact localization on aircraft composite structures by using
the near-field two-dimensional (2D) multiple signal classifica-
1000 tion (2D-MUSIC) algorithm and a uniform linear PZT
sensor array. Moreover, many researchers have investigated
various signal-processing techniques, such as the time-
frequency analysis (Kishimoto et al., 1995; Poggi et al., 2013),
the wavelet analysis (Mostafapour and Davoodi, 2015;
Poggi et al., 2013), the time reversal technique (Liu et al.,
2014; Liu et al., 2015a; Draeger and Fink, 1999; Draeger
et al., 1999; Sohn et al., 2007), and the cross-correlation
technique (Chen et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2015).
Among these techniques, the cross-correlation technique
shows the possibility of determining the time delay of signals.
Cross correlation is one of the signal-processing techniques
used to compare the similarity between two different signals
as a function of time lag. In most of the cases, the obtained
sensor outputs were compared with the reference database
signal, and then the similarity or time lag was identified. Other
research (Kim et al., 2015) improved a normalized cross-
correlation technique to localize the low-velocity impact
position in a stiffened composite panel. It showed that the
proposed technique more accurately estimated the actual
location of the impact source by comparing the normalized
cross-correlation between the reference database and the
obtained impact signals. Other authors (Ziola and Gorman,
1991) determined the arrival time difference by cross-corre-
lating the output signal obtained from the AE sensors with a
single frequency cosine wave modulated by a gaussian pulse.
The idea behind this research is that if a single frequency in
the AE signal can be isolated, then the arrival time differences
due to the propagation of that frequency component can be
used for the location analysis. Generally, in the cross-correla-
tion technique, a pre-obtained reference database is essential.
Many techniques can be chosen to construct the reference
signal, such as simulating a modulated signal or training
points for the monitoring structure. However, the training
process of points is time-consuming due to many prior
preliminary works before the experiment. In this study, the
reference signal was constructed with the AE signals obtained
from different sensors based on the time reversal technique,
which saves time. The time reversal technique has been
widely used to evaluate impacts or defects on plate-like struc-
tures (Liu et al., 2011; Chen et al., 2011; He and Yuan, 2016).
It can make a signal more visible with a high resolution in
TABLE 1
Related techniques used in literature review
Citations
TR
Chen et al., 2011; Liu et al., 2011; X Signal focusing
He and Yuan, 2016; Ciampa and Meo, 2011
Chen et al., 2011; Liu et al., 2011; X Dispersion compensation
He and Yuan, 2016; Ciampa and Meo, 2011
Mustapha et al., 2014 X Signal reconstruction
Mustapha et al., 2014
Zarate et al., 2015
Mostafapour and Davoodi, 2015
Ziola and Gorman, 1991
Kim et al., 2015
* TR = Time reverse; CWT = Continuous wavelet transform; CC = Cross correlation
time domain because of its functions of inverse filtering
(Ciampa and Meo, 2011), dispersion compensation (Ernst
and Dual, 2014), signal self-focus (Ing and Fink, 1998), signal
reconstruction (Mustapha et al., 2014), and multichannel
signal focusing (Liu et al., 2014).
In this research, we combined the advantages of three
techniques, including time reversal, CWT, and cross correla-
tion, to analyze AE signals. The time reversal technique was
chosen to construct the reference signal, compensating for the
dispersion and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the
focused waveform. The CWT technique was used to extract a
narrowband component of the AE signal, as the AE signal is a
broadband signal. The reference signal was narrowband and
the dispersion was compensated after time reversal, and then
it was used to determine the arrival time difference of the A0
mode based on the cross-correlation technique. Some related
techniques used in the literature are summarized in Table 1.
This paper is organized as follows. First, the arrival time
difference is used to localize the position of the AE sources. In
a large plate, AE source localization can be simplified as a two-
dimensional source localization model using the triangulation
technique (Kaphle, 2012a).
Second, we explain the reference signal construction based
on CWT and the time reversal technique. Next, we show the
experimental setup and compare the localization results of the
proposed technique with the first threshold-crossing tech-
nique. Some conclusions of the proposed technique are
presented in the conclusions.
Reference Signal Construction
In this study, the reference signal was captured by the AE
sensor. The time difference
t can be obtained by cross
correlating different AE signals with the reference signal
(Ziola and Gorman, 1991; Kim et al., 2015). As described
above, the reference signal is necessary and important when
conducting cross correlation with AE signals. Many tech-
niques can be used to construct the reference signal to
Techniques used* Key words of functions
CWT CC
X Signal filtering
X Uncertainty element
X Frequency selection
X Time-lag calculation
X Impact source localization
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 373
ME TECHNICAL PAPER w
x ae source localization
compare the similarity of two signals or calculate the arrival
time difference. In this study, to obtain the reference signal,
two steps have been carried out. The first step is to extract the
narrowband component from the AE signals. In other words,
the dominant frequency component should be isolated from
the AE signals. The second step is to focus the narrowband
signal in time domain based on the time reversal principle.
Consequently, the focused signal serves as the reference
signal. In general, narrowband component extraction is
achieved by the CWT technique due to its abundant informa-
tion and high resolutions both in time and frequency
domains. The extracted narrowband signals were then time
reversed and focused with the improved signal-to-noise ratio.
Narrowband Component Extraction
The wavelets have the maximum resolutions in time and
frequency, which are dependent on the mother wavelet.
Different mother wavelets have been investigated (Niri and
Salamone, 2012; Mohd et al., 2014), and the morlet wavelet
was chosen and applied in AE due to its admissibility as a
wavelet of a zero mean value (Zitto et al., 2015).
The complex morlet wavelet is defined as:
t2
−
1 source (Hsu-Nielson source) was simulated by a pencil-lead
(1) ψ (t) = e fb
e 2πfc jt
πf b
where
fb and fc, respectively, represent the bandwidth frequency
and the center frequency,
 is the ratio of circumference to diameter,
e is the Euler’s number,
j is the imaginary unit.
After a signal is transformed by CWT, the information can
be determined from CWT both in time and frequency
domains. As the X vector is time and the Y vector is
frequency, the numeric values in the continuous wavelet
transform matrix represent the wavelet coefficients. The
dominant frequency of the AE signal can be obtained by fast
fourier transform (FFT). The dominant frequency compo-
nent is extracted from the wavelet scale matrix according to
the relationship between wavelet scale and the frequency:
fc
(2) fa = Ts
a
where
Reference Signal Construction based on Time Reversal Principle
The second step to construct the reference signal is to focus
on the extracted signal in the time domain based on the time
reversal principle. In many signal-processing applications,
time reversal acts as a spatiotemporal matched filter to
compensate for the shift of signal (Tanter et al., 2000).
However, it is discovered that narrowband signals behave
better than broadband signals in minimizing amplitude
dispersion (Park et al., 2009), and different frequency compo-
nents in a broadband signal, such as AE signal, may be influ-
enced by the time-reversal operator during time reverse
operations (Wang et al., 2004). Thus, it is necessary to extract
the narrowband signal from AE in advance as described later.
The time reversal technique is an approach meant to mitigate
dispersion effects and perform SHM without baseline data. It
was initially aimed at increasing lamb wave resolution by
using time reversal mirrors (Fink and Prada, 2001) and
focusing lamb waves at the location of damage in the time
domain (Ing and Fink, 1996). According to the theoretical
studies of the time reversal technique, the proposed reference
signal construction principle based on time reversal for AE is
shown in Figures 3 and 4. Three AE monitoring sensors were
coupled on the surface of a steel plate, and an artificial AE
break (PLB) placed on the surface.
Forward AE sensor
Backward AE source
S3 (ω)
H3 (ω)
P (ω)
H2 (ω)
H1 (ω)
S1 (ω) S2 (ω)
Figure 3. Illustration of AE signal focusing based on the time reversal
principle with three AE sensors.
fa is the extracted frequency, As shown in Figure 3, when an excited AE signal P() is
Ts is the sampling interval of AE signals. simulated on the surface of a steel plate, the response signals
at three AE monitoring sensors, Si(), where (i = 1,2,3) can
In actual operation, the extracted frequency fa is not single be expressed in frequency domain as:
but narrowband.
(3) Si (ω) = P (ω) K (ω ) Gi (r, ω)

374 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018

 2) Receiving signal 1) PLB impact
Si (ω) Hi (ω) P (ω)
AE sensor AE source

Steel plate
Time reversed

3
E (ω) = ∑ S∗i (ω ) Si (ω)
i =1
Signals focused

P (ω) is multiplied
3) Reversed signal 4) Reference signal

Si (ω) Hi (ω)
AE sensor AE source

Steel plate

Cross correlation

Figure 4. Illustration of the basic concept of cross correlation with AE signal in a steel plate.

where re-emitted from the AE sensor to the AE source, indicating

 is the angular frequency, the backward propagation in Figure 3. The focused signal at
r and Gi(r, ) for (i = 1,2,3) are the propagation distance the location of the PLB based on the time reversal principle
of lamb waves and the structure transfer functions of can be expressed as:
the paths between AE source and sensors, respectively, 3
K() is the electro-mechanical efficiency coefficient of AE (5) D (ω) = ∑ Si* (ω) Hi (ω)
i =1
sensor.
However, the focused signal, D(), is impossible to
G(r,) can be defined as capture because no sensor is coupled at the location of the
PLB. Furthermore, Hi() is unknown. Therefore, it is more
− jk (ω) r
(4) G ( r , ω) = A ( r , ω) e complicated to achieve the focused signal. To reconstruct the
reference signal, P() is multiplied by Equation 5, which is
where
A(r, ) and k() are the amplitude function and the wave E (ω ) = D (ω ) P (ω )
number of a lamb wave mode, respectively, 3
j is the imaginary unit, = ∑ Si* (ω) Hi (ω ) P (ω)
i =1
e–jk()r is a phase-delay factor.
(6) 3
= ∑ P* (ω ) H i* (ω ) H i (ω) P (ω)
i =1
For a particular path, K()Gi(r, ) can be simplified as 3
Hi(). Then, the response signal Si() is time reversed and = ∑ Si* (ω) Si (ω )
i =1

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 375

ME TECHNICAL PAPER w
x ae source localization

In Equation 6, E() can be expressed as the summation of three preamplifiers with gain sets at 40/60 dB; a four-channel
the product of Si() and Si*() with point wise multiplication. AE signal recording card integrated in computer; a steel plate
D() is the focused signal after P() is time reversed, and measuring 1000 mm  1000 mm  3 mm; and six cables. The
E() can be explained as the process on which the signal is plate was supported by a desk with both sides being free.
focused at the location of the PLB after P()*P() is time During the experiment, three sensors were affixed with vinyl
reversed. The process of adding terms on both sides of electrical tape and Nd-Fe-B magnets to the surface of the steel
Equation 5 functions as an operation strategy. Because plate, and petroleum jelly was added between the sensors and
P()*P() and the original excited AE signal, P(), have the steel plate surface for a better coupling environment. A
same frequency characteristics, no influence is introduced to 0.5 mm 2H pencil lead was broken on the plate’s surface to
the refocused signal. As E() is narrowband, so Si() is simulate the AE source. AE waves were then generated and
processed by CWT in advance. To accomplish the cross recorded by the sensors. The AE sensor outputs were pream-
correlation in the frequency domain, the AE signal Si() plified by 40 dB using one of the preamplifiers. Signals were
should be multiplied by the conjugate of the reference signal then digitized at a sampling rate of 10 MHz and stored in the
E*(). (Note that E*() is equal to E(), so no additional
calculation is required in cross correlation.) The basic concept
of cross correlation with the AE signal in the steel plate is
illustrated in Figure 4.
Experimental Investigation
Experimental Setup
As shown in Figure 5, the experimental setup consists of a
pencil with 2H lead; three 150 kHz resonant frequency AE
sensors with an operating frequency range of 50 to 400 kHz;
computer with 2048 points.
On the surface of the steel plate, the bottom-left corner
was selected as the origin of coordinates. The sensor arrange-
ment with the coordinates of S1(200,90), S2(800,90), and
S3(500,990) is shown in Figure 5. Eight different positions
were chosen as the verification points for PLBs to confirm the
repeatability of the experiment. The coordinates of PLB posi-
tions are shown in Table 2.
In order to ensure the stability of the experiments and
reduce the errors caused by instruments or cables, a
3 mm long pencil lead was pulled out every time and a circular

Real-time data
Preamplifier acquisition software

Computer with AE signal

recording card
Pencil-lead break
S3
AE sensor
2H lead β

3 2 1
1000 mm

Steel plate
5 4

Nd-Fe-B
magnet
8 7 6
S2
S1 Cable
AE sensor AE sensor
Vinyl electrical tape

1000 mm

Figure 5. Illustration of experimental setup.

376 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018

TABLE 2
Coordinates of PLB* positions
PLB position #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8
x (mm) 650 500 350 650 350 650 500 350
y (mm) 690 690 690 540 540 390 390 390
* Pencil-lead break

TABLE 3
Presets of acoustic emission software applied in experiment
Threshold Pregain Sample rate Pretrigger Length of signal
40 dB 40 dB 10 MHz 25.6 μs 2048

ring was placed on the pencil lead tip so that the angle
the two dotted lines in Figure 7 represents the dominant
(shown in Figure 5) formed by the lead and steel plate surface
remained constant. Different angle values will cause different
energy so it is necessary to ensure the consistency of
. SMA in Figure 7, wave package 1 is the S0 mode and wave
cables were chosen as the connectors between the sensors and
the preamplifier to guarantee impedance matching. A
commercially available software program for real-time AE
data acquisition and replay was applied in the experiment.
The presets of the software are provided in Table 3.
Determination of A0 Mode Arrival Time Difference
As described in the previous section, the first step to determine
arrival time difference is to extract the narrowband component
from the AE signal. Figure 6 shows an AE signal received at
sensor 1 when the PLB was conducted at position 1. All signals
were analyzed with the same process, described as follows.
Three major wave packages with different value of
energies and arrival times are visible in Figure 6, namely, wave
packages 1 through 3. To determine the modes of waves and
the dominant frequency of the signal, the CWT technique
was used. The result is shown in Figure 7 along with the
dispersion curves from Figure 2. The obvious zone denotes
the component with the highest energy. The intersection of
frequency component with a frequency of 131.8 kHz. The
CWT result matches well with the dispersion curve. As shown
package 3 is the A0 mode. Wave package 2 arrives before the
A0 mode with a frequency component around 300 kHz and is
considered the shear horizontal (SH) mode according to the
analysis (Kaphle, 2012b; Geng, 2006). The SH mode is
another type of guided wave mode that propagates in plate-
like structures. It should be noted that the initial time (PLB
time) of the AE waves is not at the zero point (Figure 7), so
the reflection signal from the plate edges arrives after 200 μs
(the length of the storage signal is 2048 points and the time
interval is 0.1 μs), even for the fast S0 mode. The possible
multiple scattering of signals due to the existence of sensors is
also considered as a negligible effect due to the large sensor-
to-source distance, which is ignored during the analysis of
signals. In conclusion, wave packages 1 through 3 represent
the direct waves of S0 mode, SH mode, and A0 mode,
respectively.
Figure 8 shows the AE signals before and after extraction,
based on CWT. Figures 8a and 8b show the original AE signal
in time domain and the normalized frequency spectrum of

1.0
Wave package 3
Wave package 1
Amplitude (mV)

0.5

–0.5
Wave package 2
–1.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Time (μs)

Figure 6. An AE signal received at sensor 1 when conducted PLB at position 1.

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 377

ME TECHNICAL PAPER w
x ae source localization

shows the wavelet coefficient signal, extracted from the

500 original AE signal shown in Figure 8a at a frequency of
10 131.8 kHz, based on the CWT technique. Figure 8d shows
S0 A0 9 the normalized frequency spectrum of the extracted wavelet
400
Frequency (kHz)

8 coefficient signal using FFT. By comparing the signals and the

300
200
131.8
100
0
0 20 40 60
Figure 7. Time-frequency spectrogram of AE signal.
this original AE signal using FFT, respectively. The frequency
of the signal falls off above 400 kHz because the AE sensor
operates at a frequency range of 50 to 400 kHz. The original
signal has two main frequency components, 131.8 kHz and
around 300 kHz, which can be seen in Figure 8b. However,
the 131.8 kHz component has a higher value of energy than
the 300 kHz component. The 131.8 kHz component is the
dominant frequency component of the AE signal. Figure 8c
7 frequency spectrums before and after the extraction, we can
6 see that the high-frequency component (SH mode) has been
5 filtered out. The two signals have the same dominant
4
frequency, 131.8 kHz. Moreover, after the signal extraction,
3
the band of the signal becomes narrow. As a narrowband
2
signal gives a better result than a wideband signal in signal
1
focusing processes based on the time reversal principle, the
80 100 120 140 160 180 200 signal shown in Figure 8c was used to construct the reference
Time (μs) signal. Figure 9 shows the constructed reference signal with
the extracted wavelet coefficient signal from the original AE
sensor outputs.
Figure 10 shows the process of determining the trigger
mode by using the signals received by the data acquisition
software. In the data acquisition process, the pretrigger was
set at 25.6 μs and the threshold was 40 dB. In the software,
40 dB equals to 0.01 V. For all sensors’ outputs, AE waves
cross the threshold line for the first time at 25.6 μs, indicating
that the arrival time is 25.6 μs. However, the arrival times
from different sensors should be different because of different
propagating paths from the PLB position to the AE sensors.
The difference was introduced by the data acquisition
Normalized amplitude

1
1.0
Amplitude (V)

131.8 kHz

0 High frequency component

–1.0
0
(a) 0 50 100 150 200 (b) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Time (μs) Frequency (MHz)

1.0 1
Normalized amplitude
Amplitude (V)

131.8 kHz

0
Dominant frequency
component

–1.0
0
(c) 0 50 100 150 200 (d) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Time (μs) Frequency (MHz)

Figure 8. Comparison of original AE signal (broadband) and the extracted AE signal (narrowband): (a) original AE signal in time domain;
(b) normalized frequency spectrum of original AE signal using FFT; (c) wavelet coefficient signal extracted from original AE signal at 131.8 kHz
based on CWT method; (d) normalized frequency spectrum of the extracted wavelet coefficient signal by FFT.

378 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018

 2

Amplitude (V)
1
0
Sensor 1
–1
–2
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Sensor 2 Time (μs)

Amplitude (V)
200
150
100
Sensor 3
50
0
0 50 100 150 200 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
(a) Time (μs) (b) Frequency (MHz)

Figure 9. Reference signal construction: (a) extracted wavelet coefficient signals from three AE sensor outputs when PLB was conducted at
position 1; (b) the reference signal (above) and its frequency spectrum (below).

software measurement. The principle of introducing differ-
ences by using the software measurement is illustrated in
Figure 11. Run time represents the starting time of the
software, and PLB time represents the time of breaking the
pencil lead. Nevertheless, it is impossible to record run time
and PLB time. When the waves were captured by the
0.02
Amplitude (V)
software, waves from the three paths firstly crossed the
threshold line and were all set at 25.6 μs, as shown in
Figure 11b. So the time delay of the A0 mode, as displayed in
the software, is not the actual arrival time difference of the A0
mode (
tA0) but the relative arrival time difference of the A0
mode (
t). This phenomenon indicates that the actual arrival
time difference of the A0 mode (
tA0) can be obtained by
adding
tS0 to
t. Because the S0 mode shows great charac-
teristics, such as a nondispersive characteristic in thin plates,
and
t is processed by cross correlating AE signals with the

0.01 reference signal based on the time reversal principle,
tA0

shows more accuracy without having dispersion. Table 4
0
25.6 μs shows the arrival time differences obtained from the first
–0.01 threshold-crossing technique and those obtained from the
cross-correlation technique.
–0.02
4
24 25 26 27 28
2
Time (μs) Localization Result Analysis
The AE source localization with arrival time difference was
1.0 performed through programmed MATLAB codes. The veloc-
Threshold (0.01 V)
Amplitude (V)

0.5
Signal ities used in the localization algorithm were the theoretical
group velocities obtained from the dispersion curves shown in
0 Figure 2. It has been shown through other research that the
–0.5 group velocity of AE waves is frequency dependent and may
–1.0
vary with different tests. However, this was not the major
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
error to overcome in this research. For every testing point, the
velocities were determined by the dominant frequencies from
Time (μs)
dispersion curves based on CWT. For A0 mode localization,
the errors were minimized by dispersion compensation based
Figure 10. Pretrigger mode determination with the received signals
from the AE software.
on the time reversal principle. Nevertheless, errors will be

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 379

ME TECHNICAL PAPER w
x ae source localization

sensors. As described previously, the distance from sensor 1 to

sensor 3 is the largest distance, 948.7 mm. According to the
Run time PLB time
localization results obtained with the traditional first
ΔtS0 A0 threshold-crossing technique, the maximum radius error is
S0
44.5 mm at position 1 with a relative error of 4.69%, and the
ΔtA0
minimum radius error is 7.0 mm at position 8 with a relative
error of 0.74%. According to the localization results obtained
(a) S0 A0 with the proposed technique, the maximum radius error is
9.3 mm at position 5 with a relative error of 0.98%, and the
Run time PLB time 25.6 μs minimum radius error is 5.5 mm at position 4 with a relative
A0 error of 0.56%.
S0 Δt
Conclusion
In this paper, we have combined the cross-correlation tech-
(b) S0 A0 nique with the time reversal principle, and have proposed a
novel approach to identify the arrival time difference of the A0
mode in AE source localization.
This study is focused on the determination of the arrival
Figure 11. The principle of introducing difference by measurement
from software program for AE data acquisition and replay: (a) the time difference of the A0 mode in AE source localization. The
actual arrival time of different modes: and (b) the relative arrival time A0 mode can travel a long distance with high energy, indi-
of different modes captured with the first threshold-crossing cating that the A0 mode has a great potential to monitor large
technique by the software program. plate-like structures. However, as the A0 mode shows serious
dispersive characteristics, it is not easy to obtain the arrival
time difference of the A0 mode (
tA0) with a satisfying
inevitably introduced in the localization results, which should accuracy. In this paper, the proposed technique is used to
not be ignored. The localization result is shown in Figure 12, obtain
tA0, and results have shown that the experimental
and the position of sensor 1 is chosen as the origin of the positions localized with the proposed technique matched well
coordinate. with the actual PLB positions. The localization accuracy is
Figure 12 shows the localization results by the first good and the maximum relative error is 0.98%. The reason is
threshold-crossing technique and by the proposed technique. that, while determining
tA0 in the process of localization,
Among eight verification points, the localization results, errors were minimized due to narrowband signal extraction
obtained with the proposed technique, match well with the with CWT and dispersion compensation of the time-reversal
actual positions of the PLB. Localization errors have also been principle. It is necessary to localize the AE source with A0
analyzed. The radius error described in Figure 12b is the mode in large plate-like structures, because the A0 mode has
distance from the coordinates of the located points to the high energy and long traveling ability. Thus, this paper has
actual PLB coordinates. The relative error is obtained by provided an optional technique to localize AE sources with
dividing the radius error by the largest distance among three the A0 mode, which is of significant meaning.

TABLE 4
Arrival time differences of A0 mode obtained by the proposed method
PLB position
tS0 (μs)
t (μs)
tA0 (μs)

t12
t13
t12
t13
t12
t13
#1 –17.75 –72.25 –27.60 –69.30 –45.35 –141.55
#2 2.50 –62.50 –0.40 –74.00 2.10 –136.50
#3 27.50 –49.25 21.60 47.30 49.10 –96.55
#4 –24.05 –27.50 –30.60 32.30 –54.65 59.80
#5 29.45 –4.25 29.50 1.00 58.95 –3.25
#6 –35.75 15.75 –39.20 8.40 –74.95 24.15
#7 2.75 36.75 –0.60 25.90 2.15 62.65
#8 39.75 55.50 33.30 41.00 73.05 96.50

380 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018

 REFERENCES
900 Aljet, D., A. Chong, S. Wilcox, and K. Holford, 2012, “Acoustic Emission
Source Location On a Large Plate-Like Structures Using a Local Triangular
840 Sensor Array,” Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vol. 30,
pp. 91–102.
Y position (mm)

Barthorpe, R., K. Worden, M.T.H. Sultan, M. Eaton, R. Pullin, and K.M.

690
Holford, 2012, “The Effect of Attenuation On the Identification of Impact
Damage in CFRP Laminates,” AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 1,
540 pp. 698–706.
Chen, C., Y. Li, and F.G. Yuan, 2011, “Impact And Damage Location
390 Detection On Plate-Like Structures Using Time-Reversal Method,” Struc-
tural Health Monitoring 2011: Condition-based Maintenance and Intelligent
Structures, Vol. 1, pp. 274–281.
240
Chen, C.L., Y.L. Li, and F.G. Yuan, 2012, “Impact Source Identification in
Finite Isotropic Plates Using a Time-Reversal Method: Experimental
90 Study,” Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 21, No. 10, pp. 1052–1053.
200 350 500 650 800 950
Ciampa, F., and M. Meo, 2010, “A New Algorithm For Acoustic Emission
(a) X position (mm) Localization and Flexural Group Velocity Determination In Anisotropic
Structures,” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 41,
No. 12, pp. 1777–1786.
100
Ciampa, F., and M. Meo, 2011, “Acoustic Emission Localization in
90 Complex Dissipative Anisotropic Structures Using a One-Channel Recip-
80 rocal Time Reversal Method,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,
Radius error (mm)

Vol. 130, No. 1, pp. 168–175.

70 Draeger, C., and M. Fink, 1999, “One-Channel Time-Reversal In Chaotic
60 Cavities: Theoretical Limits,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,
Vol. 105, No. 2, pp. 611–617.
50
Draeger, C., J.C. Aime, and M. Fink, 1999, “One-Channel Time-Reversal
40 in Chaotic Cavities: Experimental Results,” Journal of the Acoustical Society
30 of America, Vol. 105, No. 2, pp. 618–625.
20 Ernst, R., and J. Dual, 2014, “Acoustic Emission Localization In Beams
Based On Time Reversed Dispersion,” Ultrasonics, Vol. 54, No. 6,
10 pp. 1522–1533.
0 Fink, M., and C. Prada, 2001, “Acoustic Time-Reversal Mirrors,” Inverse
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Problems, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. R1–R38.
(b) Verification position Geng R.S., 2006, “Modern Acoustic Emission Technique and Its Applica-
tion in Aviation Industry,” Ultrasonics, Vol. 44, pp. E1025–29.
Grondel, S., C. Delebarre, J. Assaad, J.P. Dupuis, and L. Reithler, 2002,
Figure 12. Localization results analysis: (a) G represents the actual “Fatigue Crack Monitoring of Riveted Aluminum Strap Joints by Lamb
PLB position, L represents the results localized by the first Wave Analysis and Acoustic Emission Measurement Techniques,” NDT &
threshold-crossing technique, and # represents the results localized E International, Vol. 35, No. 3., pp. 137–146.
by the proposed method; (b) radius errors from the first threshold- Han, Z.Y., H.Y. Luo, J.W. Cao, and H.W. Wang, 2011, “Acoustic Emission
crossing technique (shown in blue) and radius errors from the During Fatigue Crack Propagation In a Micro-Alloyed Steel and Welds,”
proposed method (shown in red). School of Materials Science and Engineering, No. 528, pp. 7751–7756.
Harb, M.S., and F.G. Yuan, 2015, “A Rapid, Fully Non-Contact, Hybrid
System for Generating Lamb Wave Dispersion Curves,” Ultrasonics,
Vol. 61, pp. 62–70.
In this paper we compared the proposed technique with He, J., and F.G. Yuan, 2016, “Lamb Wave-Based Subwavelength Damage
the first threshold-crossing technique, and the results were Imaging Using the DORT-MUSIC Technique In Metallic Plates,”
Structural Health Monitoring, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 65–80.
good. More works concerning localizing AE sources with the
He, J., and F.G. Yuan, 2017, “Lamb-Wave-Based Two-Dimensional Areal
experimental velocity and comparing them to other AE Scan Damage Imaging Using Reverse-Time Migration With a Normalized
source-location schemes using the proposed technique are Zero-Lag Cross-Correlation Imaging Condition,” Structural Health Moni-
being studied. toring, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 444–457.
Ing, R. K., and M. Fink, 1996, “Time Recompression of Dispersive Lamb
Waves Using a Time Reversal Mirror-Application to Flaw Detection in
Thin Plates,” IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 1-2,
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS pp. 659–63.
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Ing, R.K., and M. Fink, 1998, “Time-Reversed Lamb Waves,” IEEE Trans-
China (Grant Nos. 51475012, 11272021, 11772014, and 51235001), the actions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, Vol. 45, No. 4,
Scientific Research Project of Beijing Educational Committee pp. 1032–1043.
(Grant No. KM201010005003), and the Importation and Development
of High-Caliber Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Institutions (Grant Kaphle, M., 2012a, “Analysis of Acoustic Emission Data for Accurate
No. CIT&TCD201304048). Damage Assessment for Structural Health Monitoring Applications,”
Queensland University of Technology, PhD Dissertation, Ch. 2.

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 381

ME TECHNICAL PAPER w
x ae source localization
Kaphle, M., 2012b, “Analysis of Acoustic Emission Data for Accurate
Damage Assessment for Structural Health Monitoring Applications,”
Queensland University of Technology, PhD Dissertation, Ch. 3.
Kim, J.H., Y.Y. Kim, Y. Park, and C.G. Kim, 2015, “Low-Velocity Impact
Localization In a Stiffened Composite Panel Using a Normalized Cross-
Correlation Method,” Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 24, No. 4,
p. 045036.
Kishi, T., M. Enoki and H. Tsuda, 1991, “Interface and Strength in
Ceramic Matrix Composites,” Materials Science and Engineering: A,
Vol. 143, Nos. 1–2, pp. 103–110.
Kishimoto, K., H. Inoue, M. Hamada, and T. Shibuya, 1995, “Time
Frequency Analysis of Dispersive Waves By Means Of Wavelet Trans-
form,” Journal of Applied Mechanics-trans. ASME, Vol. 62, No. 4,
pp. 841–846.
Kundu, T., 2014, “Acoustic Source Localization,” Ultrasonics, Vol. 54,
No. 1, pp. 25–38.
Li, Q.F., Y. Wang, R.M. Liu, W. Gu, and F. Ao, 2015, “Ultrasonic
Computed Tomography Imaging Method Of Concrete Materials Based on
Simulated Annealing Genetic Algorithm,” Trans. Nanjing University of
Aeronautics and Astronautics, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 341–347.
Liu, S.T., L. Liu, and F.G. Yuan, 2011, “Defect Imaging Using Time-
Reversal Technique,” Proceedings SPIE Smart Materials + Nondestructive
Evaluation and Health Monitoring, Vol. 7981, p. 79811R.
Liu, Z.H., H.T. Yu, C.F. He, and B. Wu, 2013a, “Delamination Damage
Detection Of Laminated Composite Beams Using Air-Coupled Ultrasonic
Transducers,” Science China: Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy, Vol. 56,
No. 7, pp. 1269–1279.
Liu, Z.H., F.X. Yu, R. Wei, C.F. He, and B. Wu, 2013b, “Image Fusion
Based On Single-Frequency Guided Wave Mode Signals for Structural
Health Monitoring in Composite Plates,” Materials Evaluation, Vol. 71,
No. 12, pp. 1434–1443.
Liu, Z.H., Q.L. Xu, Y. Gong, C.F. He, and B. Wu, 2014, “A New Multi-
channel Time Reversal Focusing Method for Circumferential Lamb Waves
and Its Applications for Defect Detection in Thick-Walled Pipe With
Large-Diameter,” Ultrasonics, Vol. 54, pp. 1967–1976.
Liu, Z.H., H.T. Yu, J.W. Fan, C.F. He, and B. Wu, 2015a, “Baseline-Free
Delamination Inspection in Composite Plates by Synthesizing Non-
Contact Air-Coupled Lamb Wave Scan Method and Virtual Time Reversal
Algorithm,” Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 24, No. 4, p. 045014.
Liu, Z.H., J.W. Fan, Y.N. Hu, C.F. He, and B. Wu, 2015b, “Torsional Mode
Magnetostrictive Patch Transducer Array Employing a Modified Planar
Solenoid Array Coil for Pipe Inspection,” NDT & E International, Vol. 69,
pp. 9–15.
Mohd, S., K.M. Holford, and R. Pullin, 2014, “Continuous Wavelet Trans-
form Analysis and Modal Location Analysis Acoustic Emission Source
Location For Nuclear Piping Growth Monitoring,” AIP Conference
Proceedings, Vol. 1584, No. 61, pp. 61–68.
Mostafapour, A., and S. Davoodi, 2015, “Continuous Leakage Location In
Noisy Environment Using Modal and Wavelet Analysis With One AE
Sensor,” Ultrasonics, Vol. 62, pp. 305–311.
382 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018
Mustapha, S., Y. Lu, J.C. Li, and L. Ye, 2014, “Damage Detection in Rebar-
Reinforced Concrete Beams Base On Time Reversal of Guided Waves,”
Structural Health Monitoring, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 347–358.
Niri, E.D., and Salamone S., 2012, “A Probabilistic Framework for Acoustic
Emission Source Localization in Plate-Like Structures,” Smart Materials
and Structures, Vol. 21, No. 3, p. 035009.
Park, H.W., S.B. Kim, and H. Sohn, 2009, “Understanding a Time Reversal
Process in Lamb Wave Propagation,” Wave Motion, Vol. 46, No. 7,
pp. 451–467.
Poggi, V., D. Fah, and D. Giardini, 2013, “Time-Frequency-Wavenumber
Analysis of Surface Waves Using the Continuous Wavelet Transform,”
Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol. 170, pp. 319–335.
Pullin, R., D.C. Carter, and M. Holford, 1999, “Damage Assessment in
Steel Bridges,” Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 167, pp. 335–342.
Sedlak, P., Y. Hirose, and M. Enoki, 2013, “Acoustic Emission Localization
In Thin Multi-Layer Plates Using First-Arrival Determination,” Mechanical
Systems and Signal Processing, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 636–649.
Sohn, H., H.W. Park, K.H. Law, and C.R. Farrar, 2007, “Damage Detection
in Composite Plates by Using An Enhanced Time Reversal Method,”
Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 141–151.
Tanter, M., J.L. Thomas, and M. Fink, 2000, “Time Reversal and the
Inverse Filter,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 108, No. 1,
pp. 223–34.
Wang, C.H., J.T. Rose, and F.K. Chang, 2004, “A Synthetic Time-Reversal
Imaging Method for Structural Health Monitoring,” Smart Materials and
Structures, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 415–423.
Watkins, R., and R. Jha, 2012, “A Modified Time Reversal Method For
Lamb Wave Based Diagnostics of Composite Structures,” Mechanical
Systems and Signal Processing, Vol. 31, pp. 345–354.
Wevers, M., 1997, “Listening To The Sound of Materials: Acoustic
Emission For The Analysis Of Material Behavior,” NDT & E International,
Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 99–106.
Xiao, D.X, T. He, Q. Pan, X.D. Liu, J. Wang, and Y.C. Shan, 2014, “A
Novel Acoustic Emission Beamforming Method With Two Uniform
Linear Arrays On Plate-Like Structures,” Ultrasonics, Vol. 54, No. 2,
pp. 737–45.
Zarate, B. A., A. Pollock, S. Momeni, and O. Ley, 2015, “Structural Health
Monitoring Of Liquid-Filled Tanks: A Bayesian Approach For Location Of
Acoustic Emission Sources,” Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 24, No. 1,
p. 015017.
Zhong, Y.T., S.F. Yuan, and L. Qiu, 2015, “Multi-Impact Source Localiza-
tion On Aircraft Composite Structure Using Uniform Linear PZT Sensors
Array,” Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 310–320.
Ziola, S.M., and M.R. Gorman, 1991, “Source Location in Thin Plates
Using Cross-Correlation,” Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, Vol. 90,
No. 5, pp. 2551–2556.
Zitto, M. E., R. Piotrkowski, A. Gallego, F. Sagasta, and A. Benavent-
Climent, 2015, “Damage Assessed by Wavelet Scale Bands and B-Value in
Dynamical Tests of a Reinforced Concrete Slab Monitored With Acoustic
Emission,” Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vols. 60–61,
pp. 75–89.
Reliability Investigation of Sizing Horizontal Planar
Discontinuities Using a New Time of Flight Diffraction
Technique
by B.S. Hayat Gheib* and M.J. Ranjbar Naserabadi†
ABSTRACT
The reliability of a new time of flight diffraction
technique for finding horizontal planar discontinu-
ities (H-TOFD) has been investigated using “â
versus a” probability of detection (POD) evalua-
tion. A finite element model (FEM) was developed
to simulate the ultrasonic response from horizontal
discontinuities at different depths. Several key
variables were also considered to represent the
modeling procedure, including removing the
unwanted reflections by implementing infinite
elements and using equivalent mechanical
damping for transducer wedges. Simulated data
was then generated for evaluating the “â versus a”
statistical model. Based on the statistical model
results, all tests were found to fit within the
bounds of the POD model, demonstrating the
H-TOFD technique is reliable for detecting and
sizing horizontal planar discontinuities.
KEYWORDS: time of flight diffraction (TOFD),
probability of detection (POD), finite element,
horizontal planar discontinuities, H-TOFD
* Department of Technical Inspection Engineering, Petroleum University of
Technology, Abadan, Iran
† Department of Technical Inspection Engineering, Petroleum University of
Technology, Abadan, Iran; email m.ranjbar@put.ac.ir
Introduction
Achieving an optimal configuration is one of the most impor-
tant steps in designing and establishing a test method. In this
regard, new nondestructive testing (NDT) methods have to
satisfy all criteria considered for the quality of the test proce-
dure, which is evaluated by the procedure’s accuracy, sensi-
tivity, reliability, and other factors.
Time of flight diffraction (TOFD) is one of the known
techniques in the ultrasonic method of NDT that can accu-
rately measure discontinuities in parts with a moderately high
thickness (Silk, 1979; Temple, 1983). Reliability assessments
of conventional TOFD techniques have been applied for flaw
sizing in many different parts, including the following: lack of
fusion, lack of penetration, and undercut at a pipeline girth
weld (Carvalho et al., 2008); surface-breaking cracks at a
complex geometry like a rotor shaft (Nath et al., 2010); and
fatigue root cracks at a pipeline girth weld (Bloom et al.,
2010). Today, codes and standards have approved TOFD
techniques for conventional inspections as an alternative to
radiographic testing for sections with at least 12 mm of thick-
ness (Verkooijen, 1995). In recent years, some researchers
(Baskaran et al. 2006; Subbaratnam et al., 2011) have worked
on new techniques to reduce inspection thickness. Nonethe-
less, it is still a noteworthy issue. Another limitation of TOFD
is that conventional trigonometric calculations and formula-
tions of TOFD only provide a vertical measure of discontinu-
ities, and the real size of discontinuities, especially horizontal
discontinuities, are not able to be measured exactly. A new
trigonometric formula for the assessment of horizontal
discontinuities by a novel TOFD technique, called H-TOFD,
using phased array transducers was presented previously
(Bagheri et al., 2014). Recently, it was developed (Seyed
Hayat Gheib and Sodagar, 2016) in order to be used with
TOFD probes (wedge technique). However, the reliability of
the proposed technique for detecting and sizing such disconti-
nuities is not yet evaluated. In this paper, the probability of
sizing (POS) as a function of horizontal discontinuity size â is
investigated. According to the Programme for the Inspection
of Steel Components Phase III (PISC-III) program (Visser,
2002), POS curves can be developed in the form of POD
curves appropriately. Therefore, finding the reliability of this
new technique in terms of POD is the aim of this paper.
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 383
ME TECHNICAL PAPER w
x new time of flight diffraction technique

The presented investigation is prepared in four stages: a

description of the proposed NDT system, the finite element
model (FEM) design, the test results for POD calculations,
and concluding remarks.
H-TOFD versus Conventional TOFD
In the conventional TOFD technique, determining the size of
the discontinuity is accomplished by measuring the time
difference of longitudinal diffraction echoes received from
both tips of the discontinuity using a receiver probe. Figure 1
shows the schematic configuration of a conventional TOFD
technique. In this technique, two probes with the same angle
as the transmitter and receiver are posited on the part’s
surface. Lateral longitudinal wave A, which travels just
beneath the surface from transmitter to receiver, and receiving
back wall echo D are used to determine the inspection area
(thickness). The other received echoes between them are
ultrasound waves diffracted from the two upper B and lower
C ends of the discontinuity. By measuring the time of diffrac-
tion echoes from both ends of the discontinuity, the depth
and size can be calculated using a trigonometric formula
(Charlesworth and Temple, 2001):
(ct2 ) − ( 2S)
2 2
(1) d1 =
2 In the technique proposed by other researchers
(ct3 ) − ( 2S)
2 2
(2) d2 =
2
and thereby,
(3) a = d2 − d1
where
d1 and d2 are the depth of the upper and lower tips of the
discontinuity from the top surface, which are hit at t2
and t3 times, respectively,
2S is the center-to-center probe spacing (PCS),
c is the wave velocity,
a is the discontinuity through wall size.
When operating the TOFD technique in industry, an
appropriate configuration, including different probe angles,
probe center spacing, frequencies, and diameters, should be
chosen according to the material being tested (Gonulal,
2016). In the materials associated with horizontal planar
discontinuities, since the diffraction echoes resulting from the
discontinuity arrive at the receiver probe simultaneously,
there is no possibility of measuring the size with one receiver.
(Bagheri et al., 2014), as shown in Figure 2, in order to

Transmitter Receiver
PCS=2S

A
d1
B

d2

Lateral wave A Upper tip B Lower tip C Back wall D

Figure 1. Conventional TOFD technique configuration and the expected signals.

384 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018

 Initial
pulse
Transmitter Receiver
and receiver Longitudinal
diffracted wave
B

Back-wall wave
(b)

L2

L1
Longitudinal
diffracted wave

Longitudinal
lateral wave
(a) D-scan (c)
B-scan

Figure 2. H-TOFD technique: (a) schematic configuration; (b) expected signals for receiver A; (c) expected signals for receiver B.

measure the horizontal discontinuities, a transmitter probe

(probe A) and a receiver probe (probe B) are placed at both
sides of the discontinuity. As the excited wave from probe A Acrylic glass
hits the discontinuity in the test object, the waves are m wedges
P(t) 13m
diffracted and received by the two receiver probes of A and B.
By measuring the time difference of received waves, the hori- Center-to-center
probe spacing = 60 mm
zontal discontinuity size can be obtained using Pythagoras’s
theorem. With the assumption that the discontinuity is
oriented in a plane parallel to the inspection surface, and also
30 mm

that the discontinuity is midway between the transmitter and Infinite

Discontinuity boundaries
receiver, the following equation is derived: target size a Finite
boundaries
⎛⎡ ⎤2 ⎡ ⎤2 ⎞
Steel test piece
⎜⎢ L 2 − L1 ⎥ − ⎢ L 1 ⎥ ⎟
80 mm
⎜⎢⎣ 2 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 2 ⎥⎦ ⎟
(4) ⎝ ⎠
a=
2S
Figure 3. Geometric details of the finite element model.

(5) L 1 = t1CL ; L 2= t2CL

Finite Element Modeling

where
L1 and L2 are the total distances the wave has traveled until
received by the probes of A and B, respectively,
t1 and t2 are the transit times of the signal diffracted from
the tips of the discontinuity,
CL is the longitudinal wave velocity.
To simulate the behavior of wave propagation and obtain the
test results, a finite element analysis software is used. TOFD
modeling is carried out in two dimensions on a steel test piece
of 30  80 mm and using two acrylic glass wedges as ultra-
sonic transmitter and receiver probes, similar to the real test.
The material properties used in the modeling were as
E = 210 GPa, v = 0.29, and  = 7700 kg/m3 for the steel and

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 385

ME TECHNICAL PAPER w
x new time of flight diffraction technique

E = 9 GPa, v = 0.35, and  = 1190 kg/m3 for the acrylic glass where
wedges. By considering the above properties and an incident f is the pulse frequency,
angle at 26.5°, the wave refracted angle while hitting the target N is the number of cycles.
will be 50°. Four-node plain strain finite elements, CPE4R,
were employed for analyzing the main parts, and also four- A 5 MHz central frequency with one cycle is set for the
node plain strain infinite elements, CINPE4, which accounted pulse excitation.
for simulating an infinitely long steel piece by absorbing
reflections (Riahi et al., 2014b). The size of elements was set POD Modeling
as 0.35 mm. Figure 3 shows the geometry of the test model. In The “â versus a’’ model is a type of test regarding signal
this study, the discontinuity sizes were considered from 5 to response that shows the correlation between the measured
30 mm with a step of 0.5 mm, which were placed horizontally value, â, and the real discontinuity size, a (Nath et al., 2010).
with respect to the top surface. According to MIL-HDBK-1823A (US Department of
Defense, 2009) and ASTM E3023-15 (ASTM, 2015), this
correlation is referred to a simple linear regression model
Appropriate expressed as
geometry
- Part (7) yˆ = β0 + β1 x
- Discontinuity
where
Input parameters
ŷ is the expected response of given x,
- Material properties
0 and
1 are regression coefficients.
- Material damping
- Frequency and bandwidth
In terms of POD, ŷ and x may represent ŷ = â or ŷ = ln(â)
Model validation and x = a or x = ln(a) and random errors may be included.
Herein the linear regression model is defined as Equation 8:
- Signal-to-noise convergency

Evaluation of affected (8) aˆ = β0 + β1 a + δ

parameters on signal
and noise where
- Absorbing boundries  is the random error assumed to be normally distributed
- Damping factors (α, β) with a mean of zero and constant variance, 2.
â versus a
model For calculating POD for the linear regression model,
where âdec is the decision threshold,  is the cumulative
standard normal distribution function, and is the estimated
POD modeling standard deviation from the predicted response:

Figure 4. Simulation-based probability of detection (POD) process for POD ( a) = probability ( aˆ > aˆdec )
the H-TOFD technique. (9)
= 1 − probability ( aˆ ≤ aˆdec )

As the wave dissipates by passing through the wedge

and test object in a real experiment, proportional rayleigh
⎛ ⎣⎡ aˆdec ⎦⎤ − ⎡⎣ aˆ⎦⎤ ⎞
damping factors (Drozdz, 2008), including mass  and POD ( a) = 1 − Φ ⎜⎜
stiffness
, were also considered as 1  105 and 1  10–9, τ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎠
respectively. These values were selected by comparing the (10) ⎛ ⎣⎡ aˆ ⎤⎦ − ⎡β + β ( a)⎤ ⎞
⎣ 0 1 ⎦⎟
= 1 − Φ⎜
dec
effects of different damping extents on signal-to-noise ratio
⎜ τ ⎟
(SNR). Furthermore, the piezoelectric effect is simulated as ⎝ ⎠
applied pressure on the wedge by using the following
equation (Baskaran, et al., 2007):
⎛ ⎡ ( a) − ( aˆ − β ) ⎤ ⎞
⎧⎛ ⎡ 2 πft ⎤⎞ ⎜⎢ 0 ⎟
dec
⎥
⎪⎜1 − cos ⎢ ⎥⎟ ⋅ (cos ⎡⎣2 πft⎦⎤) , ⎜ ⎢⎣ (β1 ) ⎥⎦ ⎟
P (t ) = ⎨⎝ ⎣ N ⎦⎠ (11) POD ( a) = Φ ⎜
⎪ ⎟
⎜ ⎡τ⎤ ⎟
⎩ 0, ⎢ ⎥
(6) ⎜ ⎣ β1 ⎦ ⎟
N ⎝ ⎠
0<t< otherwise
f

386 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018

 β0 τ In order to measure NDT procedure reliability for
(12) μ = âdec − and σ =
β1 β1 inspecting horizontal discontinuities, an appropriate process
with respect to geometry, material, and to the extent possible,
With respect to the censored regression of â on log(a), the target characteristics such as affected parameters on signal and
covariance matrix is calculated for the model’s parameters as noise, are considered. Figure 4 illustrates the design process
⎡ ⎤
for generating simulation-based POD. The statistical calcula-
⎢ σβ 0 σ β 0 σβ 1 ⎥
2
tions are carried out using an open-source POD software
(13) ⎢ ⎥ (Annis, 2016).
⎢ σ β 1 σ β0 σ β2 ⎥
⎣ 1 ⎦
Results and Discussion
By computing the POD(a) model parameters, μ,, and The FEM results are demonstrated in Figures 5 and 6. As can
their covariance matrix, confidence bounds of the POD curve be seen, in the TOFD technique we confront three types of
will be constructed. wave modes, including lateral, longitudinal, and transverse

Transverse Longitudinal
lateral lateral
wave wave

Longitudinal
diffraction

Planar refracted
transverse wave

Planar refracted
longitudinal
Transverse wave
diffraction

Figure 5. The result of diffractions from the left discontinuity tip at 11.4 μs using the finite element model.

Transverse Longitudinal
lateral lateral
wave wave

Longitudinal
diffraction
Transverse
diffraction

Planar refracted
longitudinal wave

Figure 6. The result of diffractions from both discontinuity tips at 13.8 μs using the finite element model.

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 387

ME TECHNICAL PAPER w
x new time of flight diffraction technique

30
β̂0 = –24.107 (1.277)(8.66e–72)
0.050
β̂1 = 14.502 (0.45512)(1.85e–209)
Amplitude

τ̂ = 2.204666
0
25 âthreshold = 3.99
Discontinuity tip diffraction âdecision = 15
–0.075 ntotal = 102
0 5 10 15 20 25 ntargets = 51

Response, â
20
Time (μs)
0.015
Amplitude

15
0
Discontinuity tip diffraction
–0.025 10
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time (μs) Confidence bound
Predicted bound
5 Test A
Test B
Figure 7. The discontinuity tip diffracted echoes received by the
probes: (a) probe A; (b) probe B.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
100 101 102

waves, which can be diffracted, refracted, or reflected in
different directions. By recording the longitudinal diffracted
wave signals, the simulated discontinuities are measured.
The corresponding A-scan signal of a 15 mm discontinuity
embedded at a 25 mm depth is shown in Figure 7. The longi-
tudinal wave diffraction can be seen from the left edge of the
discontinuity with probe A (see Figure 7a). In the signal
received by probe B, shown in Figure 7b, the first echo is the
longitudinal lateral wave, the second echo is the diffraction
wave from the right edge of the discontinuity, and the last echo
is the longitudinal reflection from the discontinuity’s surface. It
should be noted that the back-wall reflection is omitted due to
using absorbing boundaries. A comparison of the experimental
results obtained from photoelastic visualization in the TOFD
testing (Ginzel et al., 2008) and the experimental results
presented by other authors (Riahi et al., 2014a) indicates
consistency with the simulated wave diffraction patterns
resulted in this study. However, relative to the conventional
Size, a (mm)
Figure 8. The â versus log (a) plot showing the â scatter within
confidence and prediction bounds for the tests A and B.
and 25 mm depths, which are introduced as test A and test B,
respectively. Deeper discontinuities (test B) have fewer errors
and are easier to find, while low scattering is a notable feature
of both. As the analysis relies on a generalized linear model
based on ordinary regression, the decision discontinuity size is
set as 15 mm from where the data are linearly distributed.
POD(a) function curves, with their 95% confidence
bounds, are demonstrated in Figure 9. The slope area of the
a90/95
a50 a90
1.0 a50 = 14.83
Probability of detection (POD), a

a90 = 18.02
0.9
TOFD sizing of vertical discontinuities, H-TOFD is sensitive a90/95 = 18.92
0.8 μ̂ = 2.697
to perfect alignment of the probes with the discontinuity, along σ̂ = 0.15203
with choosing appropriate PCS when testing the materials. 0.7 POD covariance matrix
0.000467 –2.1e–05
To obtain precise estimates of the POD function, 0.6 (–2.1e–05 0.000276 )
choosing at least 40 target sizes is suggested for a quantitative 0.5
target response, â. In order to plot â versus a data, the discon-
0.4
tinuity sizes are chosen in uniformly spaced extents and are
plotted on a log scale, which result in narrower confidence 0.3
bounds on the POD(a) curve (US Department of Defense, 0.2 Test A
2009). Hence, 51 data were collected for every test. Figure 8 0.1
Test B
Estimated POD
demonstrates signal response results of the simulated discon- POD 95% confidence bound
0
tinuities detected by the presented technique. The signal 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
response is the measured discontinuity size calculated from 101 101
the difference of the measured time of the signal diffracted Size, a (mm)
from both discontinuity tips. Two datasets have been
obtained for different discontinuity lengths placed at 20 mm Figure 9. POD curve for the tests A and B.

388 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018

simulated POD curve is located in the range of 10 to 20 mm
for evaluated discontinuities at both depths. Thus, their POD
variation is very close to each other. Furthermore, the steep
rise of the POD curve indicates a very low level of uncertainty.
The confidence bounds are also similar and symmetrical for
the two datasets. The values of a50, a90, and a90/95 are 14.83,
18.02, and 18.92, respectively. The other statistical model
parameters are also calculated as depicted in Figure 9.
Conclusion
In this paper, simulation-based POD curves have been evalu-
ated for the new H-TOFD technique in order to study the
reliability of sizing horizontal discontinuities in steel parts.
Two tests consisting of various discontinuity lengths from
5 to 30 mm were conducted for the simulated discontinuities
embedded at 20 and 25 mm depths. The obtained results
showed that although the responses are not exactly equal to
the real discontinuity sizes, the test results were demonstrated
to lie within the bounds of the “â versus a” POD model.
Consequently, it should be noted that the curves obtained in
this study are specific to the set of discontinuities and the
specific probe angle employed. However, estimating the POD
results through simulation can be informative when devel-
oping new methods for detecting and sizing horizontal planar
discontinuities.
REFERENCES
Annis, C., 2016, “Statistical best-practices for building Probability of Detec-
tion (POD) models,” R package mh1823, Version 5.2.1
http://StatisticalEngineering.com/mh1823/.
ASTM, 2015, ASTM E3023-15: Standard Practice for Probability of Detec-
tion Analysis for â Versus a Data, ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, Pennsylvania.
Bagheri, P., S. Sodagar, G. Rashed, and A. Yaghootian, 2014, “A Novel
Method for Ultrasonic Evaluation of Horizontal Defects Using Time-of-
Flight Diffraction,” Iranian Journal of Oil & Gas Science and Technology,
Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 16–25.
Baskaran, G., K. Balasubramaniam, and C.L. Rao, 2006, “Shear-Wave Time
of Flight Diffraction (S-TOFD) Technique,” NDT & E International,
Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 458–467.
Baskaran, G., C. Lakshmana Rao, and K. Balasubramaniam, 2007, “Simula-
tion of the TOFD Technique using the Finite Element Method,” Insight:
Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring, Vol. 49, No. 11,
pp. 641–646.
Bloom, J., U. Stelwagen, A. Mast, A. Volker, D.O. Thompson, and D.E.
Chimenti, 2009, “Pod Generator Project, a Numerical Assessment of the
Inspection of Fatigue Cracks Using TOFD,” Review of Progress in Quanti-
tative Nondestructive Evaluation, Kingston, Rhode Island, AIP Conference
Proceedings, Vol. 1211, p. 1911.
Carvalho, A.A., J.M.A. Rebello, M.P.V. Souza, L.V.S. Sagrilo, and S.D.
Soares, 2008, “Reliability of Non-destructive Test Techniques in the
Inspection of Pipelines used in the Oil Industry,” International Journal of
Pressure Vessels and Piping, Vol. 85, No. 11, pp. 745–751.
Charlesworth, J.P., and J.A.G. Temple, 2001, Engineering Applications of
Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Diffraction, second edition, Research Studies Press
Ltd., Baldock, Hertfordshire, England.
Drozdz, M.B., 2008, “Efficient Finite Element Modelling of Ultrasound
Waves in Elastic Media,” Ph.D. thesis, University of London, London,
England.
Ginzel, E., F. Honarvar, and A. Yaghootian, 2008, “A Study of Time-of-
Flight Diffraction Technique using Photoelastic Visualisation,” The 2nd
International Conference on Technical Inspection and NDT, Tehran, Iran.
Gonulal, M., 2016, “Is Time of Flight Diffraction Blind for Inner Diameter
and Outer Diameter Surfaces,” Materials Evaluation, Vol. 74, No. 11,
pp. 1531–1535.
Nath, S.K., K. Balasubramaniam, C.V. Krishnamurthy, and B.H. Narayana,
2010, “Reliability Assessment of Manual Ultrasonic Time of Flight Diffrac-
tion (TOFD) Inspection for Complex Geometry Components,” NDT & E
International, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 152–162.
Riahi, M., M.R. Khademikhaledi, and A. Valipour, 2014a, “2D Finite
Element Modeling of Ultrasonic Time of Flight Diffraction Technique,”
Materials Evaluation, Vol. 72, No. 5, pp. 597–601.
Riahi, M., M.R. Khademikhaledi, and A. Valipour, 2014b, “Simulation of
Inspection Process for Functionally Graded Materials by Ultrasonic Time
of Flight Diffraction Technique,” Materials Evaluation, Vol. 72, No. 8,
pp. 1028–1036.
Seyed Hayat Gheib, B., and S. Sodagar, 2016, “Ultrasonic Evaluation of
Planar Defects Using Infinite Elements,” Modares Mechanical Engineering,
Vol. 16, No. 11, pp. 210–216.
Silk, M.G., 1979, “Defect Sizing using Ultrasonic Diffraction,” British
Journal of Non-Destructive Testing, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 12–15.
Subbaratnam, R., S.T. Abraham, B. Venkatraman, and B. Raj, 2011,
“Immersion and TOFD (I-TOFD): A Novel Combination for Examina-
tion of Lower Thicknesses,” Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Vol. 30,
No. 3, pp. 137–142.
Temple, J.A.G., 1983, “Time-of-Flight Inspection: Theory,” Nuclear Energy,
Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 335–348.
Verkooijen, J., 1995, “TOFD Used to Replace Radiography,” Insight,
Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 433–435.
Visser, W.P., 2002, POD/POS Curves for Non-Destructive Examination:
Offshore Technology Report 2000/018, HSE Books, Norwich, United
Kingdom.
US Department of Defense, 2009, “Nondestructive Evaluation System
Reliability Assessment,” Department of Defense Handbook,
MIL-HDBK-1823A, Washington, DC.
MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 389
 SERVICE directory
CLASSIFIEDS

NDT/Inspection Operations Manager

Exceptional opportunity for a motivated individual in a rapidly growing business
environment. Due to expansion and growth in our Midwestern territory the QCTL
Division of Premium Inspection & Testing, Inc. is seeking an operations manager.
Candidates would be responsible for all aspects of multiple existing nondestructive
testing and inspection service line groups residing in multiple locations. This
includes P&L management, daily operations, customer satisfaction, account
retention and growth, budgets, profitability and talent management. This position
will oversee all operations to ensure quality, sustainability, and long-term growth
while cultivating exceptional service delivery and customer satisfaction. Travel will
be required and is estimated at approximately 30% of the time.
Education and Experience
• Degree preferred or equivalent experience
• 7+ years industry or operations experience
• 3+ years directly managing people or serving in a leadership capacity
• Experience with budgets and/or P&L management a plus
Additional Qualifications
• NDT Certifications in multiple methods a plus
• Strong communication, organizational, time management, and record keeping
skills
• Ability to work in a heavily matrixed environment
• Ability to pass governmental background screening as required by Homeland
Security criteria and DOT drug and alcohol testing requirements
• Current driver’s license and acceptable driving record
• Basic understanding of computers, word process software and accounting
software
Premium Inspection & Testing. Inc. offers rapid advancement opportunities, comple-
tive wages and excellent benefits package to full-time employees including incentive
program, full insurance suite, PTO, 401K, paid holidays, educational assistance
reimbursement and more. Fugro USA Land, Inc.
Interested parties must send resumes to rreinholdt@pitinc.com. PITINC is an Equal 10831 Train Court
Opportunity Employer Houston, TX 77041
713.937.0029 www.fugro.com

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 391

SERVICE directory

392 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 393
SERVICE directory

394 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018

 ASSOCIATED X-RAY
X-RAY Sales & Service
New & Reconditioned Equipment
• Portable & Stationary
• Real Time & Digital Imaging Systems
• Sale – Rental – Lease
In-House or On-Site Service For:
• Andrex • Gulmay • Scanray
• Astrophsics • ICM • Seifert/Eresco
• Balteau • Magnaflux • Sperry/Stavely
• Comet • Pantak • TFI
• Faxitron • Philips • Tubes/H.V. Cables
• Gemini • Rigaku • XMAS
246 Dodge Ave, E. Haven, CT 06512
Ph: (203) 466-2446, Email: axrcorp@aol.com

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 395

SERVICE directory
ASSOCIATED X-RAY
X-RAY • NDT
• Real Time & Digital Imaging Systems
• Portable & Stationary Equipment
• Cabinet X-Ray Systems
• Micro focus equipment
• Radiation safe rooms and cabinets
• Safety interlock switches
• Room alarms/portable warning units
• Automatic film processors
• X-Ray film and chemicals
• High intensity illuminators
• Dark room supplies
• US & Export sales and service
246 Dodge Ave, East Haven, CT 06512
Ph: (203) 466-2446, Email: axrcorp@aol.com

396 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 397
SERVICE directory

398 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018

MARCH 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 399
 AD index
March 2018
Bolded listings in the ad index below indicate platinum and gold advertisers.
coming Advanced OEM Solutions aos-ndt.com 333
attractıons AINDT trainingndt.com 346

l The April issue of Materials American Aerospace Technology Academy aatatraining.org 322
Evaluation is a special technical Applus applus.com 325
focus issue on the emerging Carestream carestream.com 277
topic of the NDT of Additive Curtis Industries curtis-test.com 307
Manufacturing. Ultrasonic
Doppler cndoppler.com IBC
testing equipment will be
featured in the Product DÜRR NDT GmbH & Co. KG duerr-ndt.de 285
Spotlight. Contact the adver- Eddyfi teletestndt.com 279
tising supervisor to reserve Fujifilm fujifilmndt.com IFC
your space today!
Guided Ultrasonics guided-ultrasonics.com 273
l In May, Materials Evaluation Hellier hellierndt.com 282
will publish research papers on Jesse Garant Metrology Center jgarantmc.com 301
Infrastructure NDT. Ground
Laser Technology laserNDT.com 280
penetrating radar equipment
Lavender lavender-ndt.com 303
will be featured in the Product
Spotlight. This issue also M2M m2m-ndt.com 338
includes our semiannual Met-L-Chek met-l-chek.com 330
NDTMarketplace product guide MFE Enterprises mfeenterprises.com 336
for the nondestructive testing
NDT Boot Camp ndtbootcamp.com 358
industry. Don’t miss your
chance to be included! Olympus olympus-ims.com BC
PCC Structurals precast.com 290
Looking for a low cost, highly
Physical Acoustics express.physicalacoustics.com 335
visible advertising program?
Quality Testing training@qualitytesting.com 299
Consider placing a directory ad
in Materials Evaluation. Build Spec sourceproduction.com 321
product or service recognition Spectronics spectroline.com 274
with this popular program. Techna NDT technandt.com 321
Technology Design technologydesign.com 316
Use the Coming Attractions
information to help plan your Test Equipment Distributors tedndt.com 325
advertising schedule. Contact TecScan tecscan.ca 294
the Advertising Supervisor at The Phased Array Company ThePhasedArrayCompany.com 333
(800) 222-2768 X209 or by
Thermo Fisher Scientific thermofisher.com 351
email at doen@asnt.org.
University of Ultrasonics universityofultrasonics.com 293
UniWest uniwest.com 305
Varex vareximaging.com 309
Virtual Media Integration starrview.com 295
Volume Graphics volumegraphics.com 327

400 MATERIALS EVALUATION • MARCH 2018