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with
some vaccines administration of inactivated vaccines
does not have to be delayed if these have not yet
been achieved
CD4 cell percentage ≥15
percent (if <5 years old) or cell counts ≥200
cells/microL (if ≥5 years old).
• Live vaccines should not be given to HIV-infected
individuals with CD4 cell parameters below these
thresholds
• Inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine
• The inactivated vaccine formulation is recommended for
the 2016-2017 influenza season;
• The specific schedule and inactivated vaccine components
are the same as for the general population and are
discussed elsewhere.
vaccination is recommended for all PLHIV
before the annual influenza season.
• In a systematic review of studies evaluating the efficacy of
influenza vaccination,
• the rate of influenza-like illness (in 13 studies) and
laboratory confirmed influenza (in four studies) was
lower among vaccinated compared with unvaccinated
HIV-infected patients;
• the rate of influenza-like illness was comparable to
that in vaccinated patients without immune
compromise
• reductions in respiratory symptoms (29 versus 49
percent) and
• laboratory-confirmed infection (0 versus 21 percent)
[27].
• vaccination was associated with a lower risk of
subsequent laboratory-confirmed influenza among the
262 who agreed to immunization compared with the 66
who did not (relative risk 0.29) (22)
• is whether using a high-dose influenza vaccine will
improve immunogenicity and efficacy in HIV-infected
individuals.
• The question of immunogenicity was addressed in a
randomized trial that compared a standard dose (15 mcg
of antigen per strain) with a high dose (60 mcg per strain)
of the inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine in HIV-
infected individuals (34)
the high-dose H1N1
influenza A (96 versus 87 percent) and influenza B (91
versus 80 percent) components, but not for H3N2
influenza A (96 versus 92 percent, a non-significant
difference)