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Abstract—Duku Kumpeh is a original cultivar of Duku Peninsular Malaysia [1]. This tropical plant is not only
(Lansium parasiticum) from Kumpeh a local village in the important as a edible fruit and widely consumed fresh for
Jambi, Indonesia. The understanding about genetic dessert but also it can also be utilized in cosmetics due to
information is very important for sustainability used of its extract has antioxidant property as well as moisturizing
this prospoctive germplasm of tropical fruit. and almost no effects with a good safety profile [2]. The
Identification molecular is very essential to distinguish people used this plants for treatment of intestinal
duku kumpeh with other cultivars of duku in Indonesia. problems, and malaria, because of its fruit, seed and bark,
Molecular characteristic of sixteen accessions of Duku have specific chemical constituent such as: andirobin
Kumpeh were clarified using ITS and MatK gene. DNA derivates, methyl-angolensates, exicanolides, anazadira-
from sixteen accessions duku from Jambi were extracted dione, onoceranoids and dukunolides, lansionic acid. [3].
using Genomic KIT plant and amplified them using There were eleven different synonym name of duku, thus
primer of ITS and MatK gene. The results of make confuse in recognozing the taxonomic position.
amplification DNA samples using both of primer ITS and Lansium parasiticum (Osbeck) K.C.Sahni & Bennet was
MatK gene indicated that all of fifteen samples were the valid name for duku and accepted for scientific
effectively amplified. So this both of two genes are purposes [4]. Although it was not right scientific name,
potential to use for barcoding DNA Duku. Six haplotype Lansium domesticum Corr. was often referred as the Latin
of ITS gene and eleven haplotype of MatK gene were name of duku. Now, duku and its related were
identified. The accessions from kumpeh were have recognizable into three main groups i.e. duku, langsat or
different haplotypes. There were genetic impurity in bidjitan and kokosan. Duku has small ellipsoid and pale
accessions of duku kumpeh. Genetic study and selection yellow fruits, without latex and flowers small in diameter;
of duku kumpeh accessions with superior quality and langsat or bidjitan possesses a ellipsoid large fruit,
similar genetic composition were needed in the future. glabrescent, fruits with pale yellow pericarp, larger
Keywords— barcoding DNA, duku, ITS, Haplotype, flowers and stem contain slight latex; kokosan has the
Lansium parasiticum, MatK. biggest flowers but its fruits is smaller, globose, with
orange-yellow tough pericarp, and stem produce latex and
I. INTRODUCTION most pubescent leaves [1]. The morphological appearance
Duku (Lansium parasiticum (Osbeck) K.C.Sahni & of the varieties was almost similar, so the varieties were
Bennet) is a unique and potential tropical fruit belonging not easy to recognize.
to the Meliaceae (Mahogany family), but it is not quite Based on the molecular characteristic, duku was different
planted on a plantation scale. Most of the fruits seen in taxonomic position with kokosan and langsat group [5].
markets are being resulted from trees in village Related to production of indigenous duku of Sumatra,
plantation. This plants have been cultivated for long duku kumpeh was been cultivated in Jambi as the source
period, and Ma Huan, a the Chinese traveler have been of income for fruit farmers. Hence, now Jambi area was
being remarked it in year 1413 [1]. the second largest duku producer in Indonesia.
The duku trees were distributed mainly in South East Related to the producing of tropical fruit duku, there are
Asia regions particularly Indonesia in Southern part of five centers production of duku In Jambi that are
Sumatra, Philippines, Southern part of Thailand and Kumpeh, Sorolangun, Tebo, Selat and Bangko. Kumpeh
Table.2: Seventeen haplotypes from two barcoding dna detected in 16 duku accessions (lansium parasisticum) from jambi.
Barcoding Number
No Haplotype Acessions
DNA Accessions
1 H01 SL18, TB11 & BK04 3
2 H02 BK20 1
3 H03 KP17 1
4 ITS H04 BK10, SR03, SL16, KP25, SL17,
9
TB14, TB03, KP15 & SR18
5 H05 BK19 1
6 H06 SR10 1
7 H01 BK20 1
8 H02 TB11 1
9 H03 BK04, SL16, KP17 & SR10 4
10 H04 SL17 & SR18 2
11 MatK H05 KP15 1
12 H06 SL18 1
13 H07 KP25 1
14 H08 SR03 1
15 H09 BK19 1
16 H010 TB13 1
17 H011 TB14 1
(SR10 vs KP17) (Table 2, lower matrix). This evidence collection sites. This facts showed that duku plantation in
suggested that sequence DNA of duku resulted from five production centers (Bangko, Sorolangon, Selat,
amplification by barcode DNA ITS were more variation Kumpeh and Tebo) had individual trees from various
than those that amplification by barcode DNA MatK places. The individual trees of duku from kumpeh were
Joining method (Figure 4), the bootstrap consensus tree not only origin from kumpeh but also from other
(inferred from 1000 replicates) was done to know locations, especially from location of centre production
evolutionary history of the accessions analyzed. The Duku in Jambi. For the optimal use of duku plants, the
bootsrap values more than 50% was considered purity of the seedlings should be sought. Therefore, the
statistically significant. clarification genetic identities (haplotype) of duku
There were a total of 1363 positions in the final dataset. accession from kumpeh with the superior quality have to
Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6 [16]. study in the future.
Topology of the phyllogenetic tree indicated that the
accessions of duku examined were not clustered to their
BK10
superior quality and yield and also potential information
SL16
for genetic conservation of local fruits typical of Jambi,
KP25 Indonesia.
SL17
89
KP15 ACKNOWLEDMENTS
TB03 I would like to thanks Dr. Dewi Imelda, Head of Genetics
SR18 and Molecular Biology Laboratorium, Dept. of Biology,
91
TB14 Fac. of Science, Unversitas Andalas for providing
SR03 research facilities. Mrs. Ona and Miftahul Jannah for
BK04
sample preparations. Part of this study supported by
SL18
89 Cluster Research Grant of Proffessor Universitas Andalas
TB11
No. 33/UN.16.17/PP.HGB/LPPM 2017.
BK19
59 SR10
REFERENCES
KP17
[1] Nooteboom, H.P., W.J.J.O. de Wilde, D.W. Kirkup,
Fig.2: The phylogenetics tree of fifteen accessions
P.F. Stevens, M.J.E. Coode, L.G. Saw. 2017. Flora
inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method based on ITS
Malesiana. Lansium domesticum. avalable at http://
+ MatK. BK=Bangko, KP=Kumpeh, SL=Selat, SR=
portal. cybertaxonomy.org/flora-malesiana.
Sorolangun and TB= Tebo
[2] M. L. Tilaar, W. Wong, A.S. Ranti, S. M.
Wasitaatmadja, Surya-ningsih, F.D. Junardy, and
Moreover, the high variation of haplotype in other
Maily. 2008. Review of Lansium domesticum
accessions or populations should be maintained as a
Corrêa and its use in cosmetics Boletín Latino-
source of germplasm for genetic conservation of local
americano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales
fruits typical of Jambi.
Aromáticas 7: 183 – 189.
[3] R. A. Yadav, Pednekar, A. Avalaskar, M. Rathi, Y.
IV. CONCLUSION Rewachandani. 2015. A comprehensive review on
Amplification of sixteen duku accessions from five
Meliaceae family World J. Pharm. Sci. 3: 1572-
locality of duku plantations in Jambi were successful
1577.
using two barcode DNA ITS and MatK and very effective
[4] The Plant List. Version 1.1. 2013. Published on the
to detect the genetic polymorphism between accessions.
Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ (accessed 1st
Seventeen characteristics of DNA sequences (haplotypes)
January).
were detected using these two barcode DNA. The
[5] L. Hanum, R. S. Kasiamdari, Santosa, and Rugayah.
accessions from kumpeh were not originated from the
2013. The Phylogenetic Relationship Among
same sources. the high number unique of haplotype in
Varieties of Lansium domesticum Correa Based on
each accessions or populations was important genetic
ITS rDNA Sequences. Indonesian Journal of
information for selection germplasm to produce the