Minna no Nihongo IL AMTED AA Ge Dah IL HAAR - SCI SH Translation & Grammatical Notes AU-T-42h9-9© 1998 by 3A Corporation All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Published by 3A Corporation. Shoei Blig., 6-3, Sarugaku-cho 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0064, Japan ISBN4-88319-108-7 C0081 First published 1998 Printed in JapanFOREWORD As the title Minna no Nihongo indicates, this book has been designed to make the study of Japanese as enjoyable and interesting as possible for students and teachers alike. Over three years in the planning and compilation, it stands as a complete textbook in itself while acting as a companion volume to the highly regarded Shin Nihongo no Kiso. As readers may know, Shin Nihongo no Kiso is a comprehensive introduction to elementary Japanese that serves as a highly efficient resource enabling students wishing to master basic Japanese conversation to do so in the shortest possible time. As such, although it was originally developed for use by AOTS's technical trainees, it is now used by a wide range of people both in Japan and abroad. The teaching of Japanese is branching out in many different ways. The growth in intemnational relations has led to a greater level of interchange between Japan and other countries, and non-Japanese from a wide variety of backgrounds have come to Japan with a range of different objectives and are now living within focal communities here. The changes in the social environment surrounding the teaching of Japanese that have resulted from this influx of people from other countries have in tum influenced the individual situations in which Japanese is taught. There is now a greater diversity of Jearning needs, and they require individual responses, It is against this background, and in response to the opinions and hopes expressed by a large number of people who have been involved in the teaching of Japanese for many years both in Japan and elsewhere, that 3A Corporation proudly publishes Minna no Nihongo. While the book continues to make use of the clarity and ease of understanding provided by the special features, key learning points and learning methods of Shin Nihongo no Kiso, the scenes, situations and characters in Minna No Nihongo have been made more universal in order to appeal to a wider range of Jeamers, Its contents have been enhanced in this way to allow all kinds of students to use it for studying Japanese with pleasure. Minna no Nihongo is aimed at anyone who urgently needs to learn to communicate in Japanese in any situation, whether at work, school, college or in their local community. Although it is an introductory text, efforts have been made to make the exchanges between Japanese and foreign characters in the book reflect Japanesesocial conditions and everyday life as faithfully as possible. While it is intended principally for those who have already left full-time education, it can also be recommended as an excellent textbook for university entrance courses as well as short- term intensive courses at technical colleges and universities. We at 3A Corporation are continuing actively to produce new study materials designed to meet the individual needs of an increasingly wide range of learners, and we sincerely hope that readers will continue to give us their valued support. In conclusion, I should like to mention the extensive help we received in the preparation of this text, in the form of suggestions and comments from various quarters and trials of the materials in actual lessons, for which we are extremely grateful. 3A Corporation intends to continue extending its network of friendship all over the world through activities such as the publishing of Japanese study materials, and we hope that everyone who knows us will continue to lend us their unstinting ‘encouragement and support in this. Iwao Ogawa President, 3A Corporation June 1998EXPLANATORY NOTES + Structu re racteo8 tt SPH | consists of « Main Text, a Translation and Grammar Text and a set of cassette tapes, The Translation and Grammar Text is currently available in English. Versions in other languages will be published shortly. The materials have been prepared with the main emphasis on listening and speaking Japanese; they do not provide instruction in reading and writing hiragana, katakana or kanji. I. Content and Method of Use 1. Main Text 1) Lessons There are 25 lessons, from Lesson 26 to Lesson 50, which follow (4. 4.te 4 WJ, and each contains the following: © Sentence Patterns Basic sentence patterns are shown. @ Example Sentences A small dialogue in the style of a question and answer is given to show how the sentence patterns are used in practical conversation. New adverbs, conjunctions, and other grammatical points are also introduced. @ Conversation In the conversations, various foreign people staying in Japan appear in a variety of situations, The conversation includes everyday expressions and greetings. As they are simple, learning them by heart is recommended. if time allows, students should try developing the conversation by applying the reference words given in cach lesson of the Translation and Grammar Text in order to maximize their communication skills. @ Drills The drills are divided into three levels: A, B, and C. Drill A is visually designed in chart style to help understanding of the grammatical structure. The style helps students to learn3) Numbers are Principally shown, in Arabic numerals. e.g. oe 9 o'clock shi ie Ist April Yo one (thing) However kanji is used in the following cases. eg. “AC ok “SR by oneself one time __ ten thousand yen bill 5, Miscellaneous 1) Words which can be omitted from a sentence are enclosed in square brackets [ ]. eg. X12 S4RICH. My father is 54 years old. 2) Synonyms are enclosed in round brackets (_). eg. EK (Ct) who 3) The part for an alternative word is denoted by ~. eg. ~(t O#4°CHH. How would you like ~ ? Tf the alternative partis a numeral, — is used. eg.-& ~yearsold -H -yen -a}if hoursTO USERS OF THIS TEXTBOOK The most effective way to study 1, Learn each word carefully. The Translation & Grammatical Notes introduces the new words for each lesson. First, listen to the tape and learn these words thoroughly, paying special attention to the correct pronunciation and accent. Try to make sentences with the new words. It is important to memorize not only a word itself, but its use in a sentence. 2, Practice the sentence patterns. Make sure you understand the meaning of cach sentence pattern, and do Drills A and B until you have mastered the pattern. Say the sentences aloud, especially when doing Drill B. 3. Practice the conversation drills. Sentence-pattern practice is followed by conversation practice. The example conversations show the various situations in actual daily life in which people from abroad will often need to use Japanese. Start by doing Drill C to get accustomed to the pattern. Don’t practice only the dialogue pattern, but try to expand the dialogue. And learn how to communicate suitably according to the situations by practicing the conversation. 4, Listen to the cassette tape repeatedly. When practicing Drill C and Conversation, listen to the tape and say the dialogue aloud to make sure you acquire the correct pronunciation and intonation. Listening to the tape is the most effective way to get used to the sound and speed of Japanese and to improve your listening ability. 5. Always remember to review and prepare. So as not to forget what you have learnt in class, always revicw it the same day. Finally, do the practice section at the end of each lesson in order to check what you have learnt and to test your listening comprehension. As for the reading practice, this is an exercise to improve your comprehension of written material. Try to read it, referring to the vocabulary list. And, if you have time, look through the words and grammar explanation for the next lesson. Basic preparation is necessary for effective study. 6. Use what you have learnt. Don’t limit your learning to the classroom. Try to talk to Japanese people. Using what you have just learnt is the best way to progress, If you complete this textbook following the above suggestions, you will have acquired the basic vocubulary «and expressions necessary for daily life in Japansystematically the basic sentence patterns through substitution drills, and applying verb forms and conjugations following the chart. Drill B has various drill patterns to strengthen students’ grasp of the basic sentence patterns. Follow the directions given in each practice. Drills marked with a = sign use pictorial charts. Drill C is given in discourse style to show how the sentence patterns function in actual situations, and to enhance practical oral skills. Do not simply read, repeat and substitute, but try making your own Substitution, enrich the content, and develop the story. © Practice ‘Two kinds of practices are given: one type for listening (3) and the other for grammar practice. The listening practice is further divided into questions asking for personal answers, and questions confirming the key point of the given discourse. The listening practices are designed to strengthen students’ aural skills, while the grammar practices check comprehension of vocabulary and the grammar points in the lessons studied, The reading practices mostly require students to give a true or false response after reading a simple story compiled with words and sentence patterns from the lessons learned. 2) Review This is provided to enable students to go over the essential points every several lessons studied. 3) Summary At the end of the Main Text, a summary of grammatical points is given, such as the use of the particles, verb forms, adverbs and conjunctions, using example sentences appearing in the respective lessons. 4) Index This includes classroom expressions, greetings, numerals, new vocabulary, and idiomatic expressions introduced in each lesson of the Main Text all through from Lesson | to Lesson 50. 2. Translation’and Grammar Text 1) The following are given in each of the lessons from Lesson 26 to Lesson50. new vocabulary and its translation @translation of Sentence Patterns, Example Sentences, and Conversation ® useful words related to the lesson and small pieces of information on Japan and the Japanese @ explanation of essential grammar appearing in the lesson 2) A grammatical summary of particles, how to use the forms, adverbs, adverbial expressions, and various conjugations is given in English at the back of the Main Text. 3. Cassette Tapes On the cassette tapes, Vocabulary, Sentence Patterns, Example Sentences, Drill C, Conversation and listening comprehension questions of the Practice section are recorded. Students should pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation when listening to the Vocabulary, Sentence Patterns and Example Sentences. When listening to Drill C and Conversation, try to get accustomed to the natural speed of the language. 4. Kanji Usage 1) Kanji usage is based on 'é #8 $ 4, which is an official list of the most commonly used Chinese characters in Japan. © # Fil (words which are made by a combination of two or more kanji and have a special reading) shown in the Appendix Chart of #34 R23 are written in kanji. eg. kif friend 345 fruit t9% glasses @® Proper nouns are written with their own Chinese characters even if their readings are non-standard. eg. KH Osaka A&R Nara dst Kabuki 2) For freeing students from confusion, some words are given in kana although they ae included in #3 3% and its Appendix Chart eg. 55 SHS) tk BB) 305 (FE) possess exist perhaps yesterdayCHARACTERS IN THE CONVERSATIONS Mike Miller ‘American, employee of IMC S Matsumoto Tadashi ‘Suzuki Yasuo Japanese, department oa Japanese, chief at IMC (Osaka) Nakamura Akiko employee of IMC Japanese, sales section chief at IMC Lee Jin Ju Korean, researcher at AKC Thai, student at Sakura University ©) C= =) Ogawa Yone SD Japanese, Ogawa Hiroshi Ogawa Hiroshi’s mother Ogawa Sachiko Japanese, neighbor Japanese, of Mike Miller's, housewifeKarl Schmidt Klara Schmidt Gesman, engineer at Power Electric Company German, teacher of German yi sy Bx7 Watanabe Akemi Takahashi Toru Hayashi Makiko Japanese, Japanese, Japanese, employee of employee of employee of Power Blectric Company Power Electric Company Power Electric Company John Watt Ito Chiseko British, professor at Japanese, teacher in charge of ‘Sakura University Hans Schmidt's class at Himawari elementary schoo! Other Characters Hans Gupta German, schoolboy (12 yrs.), Indian, employee of IMC son of Karl and Klara Schmidt 3% IMC (computer software company) SKAKC (7 7 Tidt $e 7 7 — : Asia Research Institute)CONTENTS Terms Used For Instruction- Abbreviations--- LESSON 26------ L. Vocabulary IL. Translation Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences Conversation: ‘Where do I put the trash? 1LReference Words & Information: REFUSE DISPOSAL, LESSON 27- L. Vocabulary IL Translation Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences Conversation: ‘You can make anything, can’t you? 1.Reference Words & Information: SHOPS FOUND LOCALLY LESSON 28- I. Vocabulary IL. Translation Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences Conversation: Over a cup of tea [L.Reference Words & Information: RENTING ACCOMMODATION TV.Grammar Explanation LV \sadj tad N 2. V C-form & 3. Interrogative V fe-forms 19TH H plain form LOH plain form ~ feat fthn BCH Ah ct FCT / FECT BURT, ce, 4 Noobjectylt TV.Grammar Explanation 1. Potential verbs, 2. Potential verb sentences 3. RAST and MORE 4. CERT 5. 64% ZL 1V.Grammar Explanation LVidt-formt a Vi 2.VCform it 3. plain form. ~ 4 EHC SENT oo 6.46 LO BRE REL CHOLESSON 29------ I. Vocabulary TI, Translation Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences Conversation: left something U.Reference Words & Informati STATE & APPEARANCE LESSON 30- 1. Vocabulary IL, Translation Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences Conversation: I will reserve a ticket for you UlLReference Words & Information: LOCATION LESSON 31- L. Vocabulary IL Translation Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences Conversation: 1 think I will start using the Internet 1LReference Words & Information: FIELDS OF STUDY 1V.Grammar Explanation 1. V T-form Vs ¢ > 2.VTfom LEVELA/LEDET 3.VTform Ld Lt 4 BVELA 5S. CIMT CI MIE 1V.Grammar Explanation LV T-forn & YET 2.VTC-form BY ET 3. £42 Vffirmative) 4 tHlt ~ IV.Grammar Explanation 1. Volitional form 2. How to use the volitional form 3. V dictionary form wigs] 4. Victionary form | 4. wa | Hee 8.24 VC-form WEL 6 =-/4~LESSON 32: 1. Vocabulary IL Translation Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences Conversation: You might be sick T1LReference Words & Information: WEATHER FORECAST LESSON 33--: 1. Vocabulary T. Translation Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences Conversation: ‘What does this mean? IlLReference Words & Information: SIGNS LESSON 34-- 1. Vocabulary Il. Translation Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences Conversation: Please do as Ido TILReference Words & Information: COOKING 10 IV.Grammar Explanation 1. V-form Vtr0 form 248 2, Vi \s-agj tad N 3.0 Vad) Head} | EFA OTT plain form TLE plain form{ ©“ *? ~K plain form Pe LNEtL plain form Lb loli wok 6. QuantifierT TV.Grammar Explanation 1. Imperative and prohibitive forms 2. Use of the imperative and prohibitive forms 3.0 tha gt and~e BOT vet _ 4Xl2 YO 05 BRT Be ig dot dik plain form acs" | : le Bat onetaten plain form “52 IV.Grammar Explanation 1. V1 dictionary form Vi A-form CRY, Ve NO 2. Vi feeform No | HLT. Va 3. Vi T-form ¥e Vi 20 -form al 4. Vi 20 form #0 T. VeLESSON 35+: ‘Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences Conversation: If you go to atravel agency, you can find out IILReference Words & Information: PROVERBS LESSON 36- I. Vocabulary IL. Translation Sentence Patlerns & Example Sentences Conversation: Imake the effort to use my brain and body IILReference Words & Information: HEALTH LESSON 37- 1. Vocabulary IL. Translation Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences Conversation: ‘Kansai Airport is made on reclaimed land Il. Reference Words & Information: INCIDENT 1V.Grammar Explanation 1. How to make the conditional form 2. Conditional form. ~ 3NGH ~ 4. Interrogative V conditional form wocta 3V V dictionary for \\sadj} conditional form {\ *-adj(~1°) HEX te-ady Hi-adj te TV.Grammar Explanation 1. Vi dictionary form Vitro formés |2 dK Ve 2. Viictionary forma 3 (|, Vl formt ¢ eee 3. Vaictionary form E ee VitE\ form» 4th 1V.Grammar Explanation L. Passive verbs 2, Nuperson)it Nu(person:)I= Vpassive 3. Ni(person)lz Nx(persom)t= Ni Vpassive 4, N(thing)o*/12_ V passive 5. Nut Nu(person)I< > Vpassive 6NPE/NT OC UEFLESSON 38- 1. Vocabulary IV.Grammar Explanation IL. Translation 1. Vplain form® Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences 2. Vdictionary form®(4 adjective C+ Conversation: 3. Vidictionary formO 4 adjective TH like putting things in order 4, Véictionary form Siz Lt: 5. Vplain form® © f2>T WA ANNUAL EVENTS 6 | \saqj Pain form on Ol NCH 4¢-ad | plain form N |~ko~e 1 ~ CRU ALAR A~L EDS ~E RM, ete LESSON 39- 82 I. Vocabulary 1V.Grammar Explanation IL. ‘Transtation 1, VT-form Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences Virvsformts ¢T | Conversation: Vaud) (~A)+~ ¢T[ T'm sorry to be late %e-adj [H+ T TiL-Reference Words & Information: 2NT FEELINGS 3.V : plain form \adj oS %-adj | plain form = N |~Keet LESSON 40- L Vocabulary TV.Grammar Explanation IL, Translation H plain form Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences Sad : Interrogative{ n~ Conversation: tt-adj{ plain form am worried if my son has inade any friends or not N ~—-= TIL Reference Words & Information: 2 . plain form MEASUREMENT, SHAPES & PATTERNS Vad econ ~ ‘e-adj plain form N lee 3.VT-form BE4 4. adj (~~ S07 FRO CF TL ETHLESSON 41 ‘dais rove “94 1. Vocabulary TV.Grammar Explanation Il. Translation 1. Expressions for giving and receiving Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences 2. Giving and receiving of actions Conversation: 3.V Tform (EE OEHLD Could you keep my parcel? 4.NIC V IiLReference Words & Information: USEFUL INFORMATION 1. Vocabulary TV.Grammar Explanation IL, Translation 1. Veictionary form| yyy Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences NO Conversation: 2. Vdictionary form® | _ ‘What will you spend your bonus on? N - TiLReference Words & Information: 3. Quantifierlt OFFICE SUPPLIES & TOOLS 4. Quantifier & LESSON 43- eee i I. Vocabulary TV.Grammar Explanation IL. Translation 1.ViF-form ‘Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences Vad (~4)} 49 TH Conversation: tag l#1 He looks kind 2.V C-form RET TiLReference Words & Information: PERSONALITY & NATURE LESSON 44- a I. Vocabulary TV.Grammar Explanation IL. Translation 1. V£4-form Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences Vad (~¥)) FF ET Conversation: ty-adj [46] Do it like in this photo, please 2 ettom|? TTT Ill Reference Words & Information: le Cuey BEAUTY PARLOR & BARBER SHOP 3. '-adj(~4)-+~ ¢ tradi Jt lat NIE aN LET 5.0 sadj(~ > ~ ¢ ty -adj [44] (=LESSON 45 1. Vocabulary I. Translation Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences Conversation: ‘Though I practiced very hard IReference Words & Information: - EMERGENCY LESSON 46 L. Vocabulary IL. Translation Sentence Pattems & Example Sentences Conversation: He should be there soon T1LReference Words & Information: ROOTS OF KATAKANA WORDS LESSON 47- 1. Vocabulary TL Translation Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences Conversation: heard that she has got engaged T1.Reference Words & Information: ONOMATOPOEIA LESSON 48-, I. Vocabulary I. Translation ‘Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences ‘Conversation: Let me take leave, please [1LReference Words & Information: DISCIPLINE 1V.Grammar Expla tion 1. V dictionary form V fe-form Virvformt | go it, ~ § adj (~s 9), * tradi No plain form \ adj te-adj je form No [~Ke~t 1V.Grammar Explanation 1. V dictionary form V T-form 1°, V A-form 2. V form (£0) TH 3. Veictionary form VEU forte vo-adj (~0») ead’ No Enatt ager IV.Grammar Explanation 1. plain form& 3 CF 2V plain form \sadj ty-adj_ plein form ~K-+~ te N_ phinform ~#-+~0 3 B/E cB ee Lat LTT 136 1V.Grammar Explanation 1, Causative verbs 2. Causative verb sentences 3. Usage of a causative 4, Veeausative T-form 0LESSON 49-++++++» sesesneee | 42 L. Vocabulary 1V.Grammar Explanation Il. Translation 1, 4&8 (honorific expressions) Sentence Pattems & Example Sentences 2. Types of Bi Conversation: 3. ERIE (cespectful expressions) Would you please convey my message? 4, $28 and style of I1LReference Words & Information: ina sentence ‘TALKING ON THE TELEPHONE LESSON 50. L Vocabulary TV.Grammar Explanation UL. Translation 1, BER (humble expressions) Sentence Patterns & Example Sentences 2. T' Conversation: Tam sincerely grateful to you ULReference Words & Information: HOW TO WRITE ADDRESSES 148 Par les - How to Use the Forms Various Uses of Verbs and Adjectives -- Intransitive and Transitive Verbs Adverbs and Adverbial Expressions Various Conjunctions--LESSON 16: “102 1. VT-form, [VT-form], ~ 2.4 adj (~~ T. ~ 3.N saat) © ~ 4.WiT-form#* 5. Va 5.Nild. NiA* adjective 6. CFPOT 1LCON R&l_ HOWTO WITHDRAW MONEY LESSON 17° 108 1. Verb #8 \-form QV forme T CHE B.VE forme tHit oo) EL 4. VEN format CTE OW TH 5.N (object) Id 6. N(time) # TIS V R&I BODY & ILLNESS LESSON 18-- 1. Vetb dictionary form 2.N V dictionary form = & wy “114 a Csat 3 ea iN ; oie \ dictionary form = e . 4. Vi dictionary form NO Quantifier (period) 5. eat 6.tU R&l ACTIONS aan “120 form form Ltd HY ET 3.VA-form'), VA-form!) LET 4.0 aadj (A) +~ teagl#I>i paved st ttA R&A TRADITIONAL CULTURE & ENTERTAINMENT. LESSON 20-- LESSON 21-- LESSON 22: LESSON 23. "126 1. Polite style and plain style 2. Proper use of the polite style or the plain style 3. Conversation in the plain style R&I HOW TO ADDRESS PEOPLE “132 Lplainformt. Bust 2 plain form: je Boar 3.V no [tain form SLL? ‘2-adj[ plain form | © 7 N ~k 4.Nu (place) Note 5.N (occasion) ¢ 6.NTE V 7. VEE form tt Cores R&I POSITIONS IN SOCIETY byt 1. Noun modification 2. Noun modification by sentences 3.NA 4.V dictionary form R&I CLOTHES HR / 1. V dictionary form Vite form veadi(—y) Jean ~ te-adj te NO 2. V dictionary form, form 3. V dictionary form &. ~ 4, N4* adjective/V 5.N (place) & V (verb of movement) R&I ROAD & TRAFFIC re, =2. bivtt VT-form fh wT Cnet 3..N (person)4® V 4, Interrogatives* V R&I EXCHANGE OF PRESENTS LESSON 25: 1. plain past form, ~ 2.Vfe-form. ~ 3. VT-form i wadj (~A)—~ € T te-adj 1+ T NT 4b Land 46 5 5.NA° R&I LIFE b~T7eyb Ay hho ay wit (ds Terms Used For Instruction lesson - sentence pattern example sentence conversation practice exercise answer reading practice review contents index grammar sentence word phrase clause pronunciation vowel consonant. ‘mora accent intonation UN -row (\))-tine polite style of speech plain style of speech inflection form ~ form modification exception EE pee eae eo: Fee ae noun verb intransitive verb transitive verb adjective U-adjective ‘adjective particle adverb conjunction quantifier counter interrogative (question word) ‘noun (predicate) sentence verb (predicate) sentence adjective (predicate) sentence subject predicate object topic affirmative negative perfective imperfective past non-past potential volitional imperative prohibitive conditional passive causative respectful humble\-adj 4-adj Abbreviations noun ia) eg CEL student yas L \ adjective (\ 4B) eg. BL tasty %-adjective (obs) eg H(t] beautiful a verb (#84) eg HEET write ss, sentence (X)g eg CHIt RCT. This is a book. Oka desk Kas high Loa te) quiet BNET eat ep ays bhlit BLA RRS eet. I will go to Tokyo tomorrow.|. Vocabulary ate IHLET I Bineg 1 [EmAI~] EG bOES T [emcte~] PNET I SAelet 0 Us biliaagt J aI pat uy DOTM baw AAS LY SAM DB & LASALY Ca 7tG PACITY le ROYFAT Lesson 26 KET. BEF check RLEF, MLEF look for, search BNET (oe Ric~] ME Sued (08 =~] Smet WLAALT MBS vy BOK BY RPE Rat Bry SAMA. RB DE 3B7h —t ACE be late [for an appointment, etc.] be in time [for an appointment, etc.] do attend [a party] apply for, enter for convenient (concerning time) inconvenient (concerning time) feel well feel ill newspaper publishing company, newspaper office judo athletic meeting place volunteer ~ dialect next time, another time pretty, very directly any time anywhere anybody anything ~ like this ~ like that (near the listener) ~ like that (far from both the speaker and the listener)3*NHK eivto gd MERLART aged Hosas Giles 1 ce huat (cae~1 1 MAST (Ta0~] WKS 2% Bld WR tote ~Ba Slay 0 Bont. Nippon Hoso Kyokai (broadcasting company) Children’s Day fictitious store {boxes} be put in order ‘ garbage, trash, dust at put out [the trash] [trash] burn Monday, Wednesday and Friday place where something is put side bottle can hot water gas ~ company 3 contact What shall I do? electronic mail space, universe be afraid of spaceship another astronaut Japanese astronaut (1955- )Il. Translation Sentence Patterns 1. Lam going on a trip from tomorrow. 2. I would like to learn ikebana (flower arrangement). Could you kindly introduce a is ‘good teacher to me? (26) Example Sentences 1. Ms. Watanabe, you sometimes speak Osaka dialect. Have you lived in Osaka? +--Yes, | lived in Osaka until [ was fifteen. 2. The design of your shoes is interesting. Where did you buy them? "I bought this pair at Edoya Store, They are Spanish. 3. Why were you late? ~--Because the bus didn’t come. 4. Are you going to participate in the Athletic Meeting? ++-No, | won't, I don't like sports so much. 5. I've written a letter in Japanese. Could you please check it for me? “Yes, of course. 6. I want to tour NHK. How can I do that? *»*You just go and ask. You can tour there any time. Conversation ‘Where do I put the trash? Janitor: Mr. Miller, have you finished settling into your apartment? Yes, [almost have. Er, { want to throw some trash away. Where do f put it? Janitor: Trash that can be bumed should be put out on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday mornings. The trash and garbage collection point is next to the parking lot. Miller: | What about bottles and cans? Janitor: Bottles and cans should be put out on Saturdays. : Lsee, And there’s no hot water. Janitor: Get in touch with the gas company, and they will soon come and fix i Miller: Oh, what shall [ do? I don’t have a phone. Sorry, but would you mind contacting them for me? Janitor: No, certainly not. Miller: That's very kind of you. Thank you.lll. Reference Words & Information 240% LF REFUSE DISPOSAL In order to reduce and recycle refuse, household waste is sorted into types and collected on different days, The designated collection sites and collection days vary from area to area. The following is an example of the regulations. Tak # aoppooe Refuse Collection Day Information Se OE EES RHE: Ak: SRB Collection a Mon., Wed. & Fri. \ t 1 t \ t 1 l 1 1 \ \ ' \ 1 t Ler paper ft : frm garbage | Vonage t I BIRO A RR TH) | | Non-combustible Refuse 1 \ HFRBE glass | | yon4 2B plastics ' ! BR? & metal kitchen utensils | ' Weigh ge wary 1 i Bakes ' ' the third Tuesday { \ eat scrap furniture é i i KEELES electrical appliances : ; BEE bicycles ! View tastes / 1 FURS RH : | Recyclable Refse t | e38 cans ; \ eave bottles ' ' Sei newspaper \IV. Grammar Explanation i v tag | Pain form ia} lain tom Nl ~Heme ACH ~A-T is an expression used to explain causes, reasons, grounds, etc, stongly.~£ C4 is used in spoken language, while ~ T+ is used in weitten language. ~ T+ is used in the following ways. n| ~ette ‘This expression is used in the following cases. (When the speaker guesses the reason or the cause as to what he has seen or heard and then ‘confinns whether he is correct, fos we Rie Bosra. Khe Ae OAL ID, AR, WET RIS ELT OF Ute Ms. Watanabe, you sometimes speak Osake dialect. Have you lived in Osaka? --Yes lived in Osaka until was fen @2)When the speaker asks for information about what he has seen of heacd . ® BELSu F¥1 vo Heth, est Honk tt “EET ARTO MOE Ute “The design of your shoes is interesting. Where did you buy them? + bough tis pair at Edoya Store. (@)When the speaker asks the listencr to explain the reason or the cause of what he has seen or heard. @ CILT MRAL TIO Why were you late? (When asking for an explanation ofa situation. OCF LAL TION What's the matter? (Note) “~A-T4# sometimes contains the speaker's surprise, suspicion, strong curiosity, ete. Inappropriate use, therefore, may offend the listener, soit is necessary to be careful with this expression. Ql ~Att ‘This expression is used in the following cases. (When stating the reason or cause as an answer fo such questions as in (3) and (4) in 1) above. © V5Lt Hance, Why were you late? SA RAAT. ‘Because the bus didn’t come, © C3 LAAT What's the matter? wBroe Ae Boccr. “don’t feel wet(2)When the speaker adds the reason or the cause to what he’s stated, © BH Hie aaate. Do you read a newspaper every morning? ke Ss eet “No. don’t have the time. [Note] ~4 C+ isnot used to merely deseribe the facts as shown in the following example. beELIL 74 7~ am Mike Miller. x beL 17+ ~heta ~ 2 ~A THA is used to introduce a topic. It is followed by a request, an invitation of an expression seoking permission. 4° inthis case is used to conneot sentences lightly and indicates hesitation and reservation on the speaker's side. As in @®, clauses following ~A-C-4'4* are often omitted when they are self-evident to the speaker and the listener. Fe BOLL TIO. Bao BT OREECA I've written a letter in Japanese. Could you please check it for me? © NHKE RELAUATHAN CF LA OUT I want to tour NHK. How can I do that? @ Bs bee Letienn, ‘There’s no hot water. VT -form + ££» | Would you please do me the favor of ~ing? ‘This is a request expression that i politer than ~~ < 7230, Oi RFs BAL AKU E RL Would you please introduce a good teacher to me? Sve Vidomn Wve Fy] WhavWhen/Where Interrogative Vit-forms CF % | Whnageuyne. {shall ® CIC ALF Rake OTH. Whore should I buy a camera? B bam BE LOLTTN CF LA OUTTA I1don't have any small change. What shall I do? ~fe \\VC44 is used when the speaker asks the listener for some advice or instructions about what to do. In @, the speaker wants to buy a camera but does not know where to buy one, so he asks the listener to recommend a good shop. Hacer MOTH | likeldisike (object {EF CH/ FETT | be good ave poor at} N SVE T, etc. have, otc. © HHS: Fiocaro. AMR, ARIE BEY HE CE OLTH. Are you going to participate in the athletic meeting? No, I don't like sports very much, ‘You leamed in Book I (Lessons 10 and 17) that subjects and also objects indicated by & can become topics and be highlighted by (2. Objects indicated by #* can also be highlighted by I?.Vocabulary gost I ATET OT alyad 1 [Abe~] cyst [etae~] aaet [ees~] aati [eran] teste 0 {x 34] oosat (28 +b5e-) x ab ey <2 dh tee WLS vbE BOL vie UCFAALS DILAIEALES Brave wyyay EVILS ~8L9l0 BOF AWA Edo Lesson 27 meas MTS RET (az~) Ry aT 4 e~] Raat [hs~] moaat La] (280~] WX RE Bi wR Bam cud org ~K * eth (gett keep (a pet), raise (an animal) build run, drive [along a road] take [a holiday] [a mountain] can be seen [a sound] can be heard {an airport] be made, be completed, come into existence set up [a class], open, hold [eed vfayEe ts Rage pet ae bird voice wave : fireworks - scenery, view daytime old days, ancient times tool, instrument, equipment vending machine mail order, mail-order sales (dry) cleaning, laundry condominium, apartment house kitchen ~ class party room after ~ (duration of time) only ~ (used with negatives) ae other oe {avaiclearly almost al! (in affirmative sentences), hardly, scarcely (in negative sentences) Kansai International Airport name of a shopping district in Tokyo with many electrical stores peninsula in Shizuoka Prefecture Sunday carpenter bookshelf dream(~€ 4 £1: have a dream) someday, sometime house, home marvelous, wonderful children like very much cartoon, comic strip hero, heroine shape robot fantastic, mysterious pocket for example attach, put on freely sky fly oneself future name of a cartoon characterI. Translation Sentence Pattems 1. Lean speak Japanese a litte. 2. We can see a town from the top of the mountain. 3. They have built a big supermarket in front of the station, Example Sentences 1. Can you read Japanese newspapers? *No, Loan't. 2. How many days summer vacation can you take at Power Electric? ---Well, about three weeks. ‘That’s good. I can take only one week at my company. 3. Can you keep pets in this condominium? +-We can keep alittle bird or fish, but not a dog or a cat. 4. Can you see Mt. Fuji from Tokyo? In the old days we could sce it well, but now we can hardly sec it at all. 5. You can hear birds singing, can’t you? -+-Yes. Spring has come. 6 When did they complete Kansai International Airport? n *-+In the autumn of 1994. 7. That's a nice bag. Where did you buy it? “--I bought it by mail order. ‘Do they also have it in department stores? think they don’t have it in department stores. Conversation ‘You can make anything, can’t you? ‘What with all the light it gets, it’s a nice room, Yes. You can see the ocean on a fine day. This table has an interesting design, doesn’t it? Did you buy it in the States? No, I made it myself, Oh, really? Yes, Do-it-yourself is my hobby. Wow. Did you make that bookshelf, too? Yes, ‘That’s amazing! You can make anything, can’t you? It's my dream to build my own house by myself someday. That’s a wonderful dream.Ill. Reference Words & Information an 4& < @i§ SHOPS FOUND LOCALLY Camera Shop BH developing Tye printing extra print enlargement negative Ra4K slide H-ERHAK service size panoramic size 7'\—=77H Cleaners FFA 7Y-=77 — dry cleaning laundering stain removal waterproof alterations shrink stretch 2YE= Convenience Store delivery service photo developing Wael et FER AA payment of utility charges Be-, 777% photocopy, fax iY tas, GEORE TY Y—b 4/47 y bOWRIE sale of concert tickets nDIV. Grammar Explanation 1. Potential verbs na How to make potential verbs (See Main Textbook, Lesson 27, p.12, i Al.) Potential verbs polite form plain form| T weet ONtet OTS Dost WATT BAS 0 aiet ENGHKET 7ADKS bi ait Tonet TbHS Let cset TS Al potential verbs are Group II verbs; they conjugate into the dictionary form, 4 \-form, T-form, ete. eg HIS, ACEO), HITT 444, which includes the meaning of possibility itself, does not change into HH HS, 2. Potential verb sentences 1) Potential verbs expross not actions but states. The objects of transitive verbs arc indicated by the particle %. When they become potential verbs, however, their objects are usually indicated by the particle 4° ® br Lit ox EBLET. 1 speak Japanese, lt BARBS I can speak Japanese. No particles change except for € oe oe Uae CH me ateto. ‘Can you go to the hospital alone? @RPSAE SARELTL I. could not see Mr. Tanaka. 2) Potential verbs have two uses: to express a person's ability to do something (®) and to express the possibility of an action in a certain situation (®). @ 29-kAlt Rea doer. Mr. Miller can read kanji. © 20 Rite Es RAGHET. Youcan change dollars at this bank. a. MART and MC RET The potential verb for 4EF is HL MEF and that for ¥ FEF is FEF. They indicate that one’s intention of seeing or listening can be realized. % 2. ¥ indicates that a certain object comes into one’s sight and ¥ <= 2 £4 that a sound reaches one’s cars independent of one’s will. In sentences using & 2 #F and % © A #F, objects to be seen or. heard become the subjects oft the sentence and are indicated by 4°. OBC F RRo tae Aonet. ‘You can now see Kurosawa’s movies in Shinjuku @ tito giilo Ratt. Me Fuji san be: seen from the Shinkansen. © BSc RAT miter. ‘You can hear the weather forecast by phone. @ 3740 Be monet. The sound of a radio can be heard.4. CREF The vorb T #4 that you learn here means “come into being, completed,” “be finished,” “be made,” ee ORo Hic Rav 2-4 THE LE A big supermarket has been completed in front of the station. Own FR vo THETH When can you fix this watch? ‘come up,” “be 5. It DY CMAN OE CIE, ote. (i is used to highlight a noun as a topic, and as you leamed in Lessons 10, 17 and 26, when 46 or © follows the noun, it is replaced by (1. When other particles (e.g. T, I=, ~, ete.) follow the noun, ir is s placed after them, @ be Lo PRe TAY ALO Kes vas. Jn my school there is an American teacher. @peLO PRU PHB BAst. Tn my school we can learn the Chinese language. 2) (E used to make contrasts @FOFid es HALA S25lt RATHL, ‘Yesterday we could see mountains, but not today. Ot vit hase, Coit hated. Idrink wine, but not beer. | is @RB EET AMA TEEtL, Twill go to Kyoto, but not to Osaka. 6. & Like the usage of |i explained above, & replaces @ or 4%, but follows other particles. In the case of the particle ~, however, it can be omits @7FFsLIt RHO Best, VIVAL Beet. Klara can speak English, She can speak French, too. ORF TAYAN TEELK. KEVIN ES | went to America last year. I weat to Mexico, to @brlLo MEO, Be RATT. Bo MEDD’ RATT. ‘The sea can be seen from my room, and also from my brother's room. 7. La L.# is attached to nouns, quantifiers, ctc., and is always used with negative predicates. It highlights the word, makes limitations and negates everything except the thing expressed by the word. It replaces 4¢ or %, but follows other particles. 4 bas a negative nuance, while (7 has a positive one QDo-evFL a Fret. cannot write anything but Roman letters. @o-vetklt Fst Tecan only write Roman letters. TELA,I. Vocabulary gmat 0 Dsva~] BOUVET T HAET I RGUET TI Beet 1 PLOEF I [eat Cle~] 2eLET OD eCole) ho LAle] PeLY Aw Brie Loire th Bre LS whe WS bv Wh Ltn neK Sagr9 K-F2 1h o% Foz Lejto Lesson 28 anad t mya HUET Moet meet CU [A#E~] Role] MELAS Hy Bik BR a AK & * By 46, eit eal ANS [bread] sell, be sold dance chew, bite choose be different {g0 to and from [university] take a memo serious earnest gentle, kind great, admirable proper, just right custom experience power \ popularity ([4° ¢ #6] be popular [with students]) form, shape color taste chewing gum ~a HYET: goods price salary bonus program drama novelLa jtom ale DAYAL ore UtITd bre LTHTL Use Leib Lifts < FANT AN eH 2t aso [522] Bifivoas wR-LAFA Ba BLes) Let 0 ABR RF EIA AF BFE BIL aa AR bALTION novelist singer janitor (my) son. (someone else's) son (my) daughter (someone else's) daughter oneself 2 future a little while usually, mostly in addition and so Thave a favor to ask. homestay 0 conversation notice date Saturday gymnasium free of chargeTranslation Sentence Patterns 1. Lfisten to music while eating, 2. I jog every morning. 3. Subways are fast and inexpensive, so let’s take the subway, Example Sentences 1, When I'm driving and sleepy, I chew gum. *=-You do? I stop the car, and take a nap for a while, 2. Taro, don’t watch TV while studying. +-OK, Mum, 3. He is working while studying at university. “Really? He is admirable, 4, What do you usually do on holidays? +~-Well, mostly I draw pictures. 5. Professor Watt is earnest, diligent and rich in experience. “++He is a good teacher, isn’t he? 6. Mr. Tanaka, you often go on trips, but never go abroad. hat’s right. I don't understand foreign languages, and the customs are different " from ours, and so travelling abroad is tough for me. 7. Why did you choose Sakura University? "Sakura University is the one which my father graduated from, it has many good professors, and itis near to my house. Conversation Over a cup of tea Ogawa Sachiko: Mr. Miller, I have a favor to ask. Miller: What is it? ‘Ogawa Sachiko: Would you mind teaching English to my son? He is going to Australia on a homestay program this summer vacation, but he can’t speak English. Miller: I wish I could, but I’m afraid I don’t have time to.... Ogawa Sachiko: Couldn't you have a chat with him over a cup of tea? Miller: Well, [ often have to go on business trips, and I'll soon have a Japanese language tes... Besides I have never taught before... Ogawa Sachiko: So, you can’t... Well, that’s a shame. Miller: Tam very sorry.Ill. Reference Words & Information 96 £48) & RENTING ACCOMMODATION How to Read Housing Information fet Ra 4e URS Eas 5 @rvyay @R3E on ke eae ORK 15498 One 2H ous an na s ORK 6.00074 @2LDK (@6-6-LDK8) Resse ibs, OORT O 8 Fe OPT ORHE R-N—ETC 400m 303-1234 ~5678 © tain line @ nearest station @ five-minute walk from the station @ condominium made of reinforced concrete * b ‘one or two-story wooden apartment building ic detached house, single house © three years old (years since construction) © rental fee @® deposit money Money that’s left with the owner in the form of a deposit. ‘When you move out, the owner in principle gives a part of it back. gift money 2 Money that's paid directly to the owner as a “gif.” ® maintenance fee @ facing south © 8th floor of ten-story building ® living/dining Toom with kitchen and 2 rooms ® 6mats (= 6 ) Be = is a unit of measurement used for the area of a room. 118 corresponds to the area ofa tatamni mat (approximately 180% 90cm). @ real estate agent 2820 WV. Grammar Explanation 1.[_ Vi BF -form 44% Ve This sentence pattern means that one person does two different actions (V1 and V;) at the same time. The action denoted by V; is the more emphasized of the two actions. ees ace ORE Metre RELET. listen to music while eating. This sentence pattern is also used when the two actions take place over a period of time, OW ses GRRE WHLT OFT. I’m working and studying Japanese. +L VTform wet An individual’s customary action is expressed by this sentence pattem. A customary action in the past is expressed by using VC-form \£ L. @ BH Yaxy7e LO ORT jog every morning. @Feio cs, Bot aoe HT ELE Tused to go to bed at eight every evening when I was a child. 3.[/ plain form lL, ~ 1) When sentences are stated from a certain viewpoint, they can be linked using this structure, For example, sentences describing the merits of a particular subject are joined into one sentence using this pattern. te bold gous O vy beet MEL, SCHL. BRE BUST. Professor Watt is earnest and diligent and has experience. 2) This structure is also used to state causes or reasons when there is more than one cause or reason. Use of this structure implies the meaning of “furthermore” or “on top of that.” ORs Bol Hes RNS, co Bit eee MATH. ‘This shop is very convenient. It’s near the station, and you can also come here by car. ‘When the speaker states reasons using this pattern, he/she sometimes does not say his/her conclusion when it's understood from the context. See @ ORF RHE BAT VAR ELAM, 3h, Bike BOL. LIT 0 BBO URE BSL Could you teach English to my son? “Sorry. I ofien go on business trips, and I have to take a Japanese exam soon, There are cases when only one ~ L is used in a sentence. Though the reason explicitly stated is only one, the existence of other reasons-is implied by the use of ~ L. Note this is not true of ~ 9°15,OBL snot. co He Most. Because the color is beautiful (and for some other reasons), I'll buy this pair of shoes. As you see in ®, ©, @ and ®, the particle 4 is often used in this sentence pattern. By the use of &, the speaker implies the existence of other reasons to emphasize his/her viewpoint. 4, tHE ALC is used when you add another similar fact or situation, permet’ OLILT F¢OKFE RLELTIHO. we CoRE a, Beebe REEL ow BEG Bot, eats Ros, fete. Why did you choose Sakura University? «Because it's my fathcr's alma mater, there are many good teachers, and besides, it’s near my house. 5. tne €#.T is a conjunction used to show that what was said before it is the reason or cause for the sentence following it Oro varavit BRE BOL. BOLvATH. Ene hi Borcrn. ‘The food is inexpensive and tasty in this restaurant. “And that’s why it’s crowded. a teat f 6. bk LO RRGIS RELTTD ee tas In this sentence (see # @ C 2), the particle {<, which indicates one’s destination, is used instead of the particle ~, which shows direction. Verbs like (3 4, 3E4, HA) 44 and Lp 2 9 UE are used with either “place ~" or “place [=1. Vocabulary HetT I [RTA] Leua¢ 1 CET a~] sat I (TA 8 48~] aae7 0 [TAS d~] ceay [Ab s~] vert [4b 4~] Charest 1 Dogas~] pnes I (3 7a~] bres 0 [aa~] PSHET T [maae~] toner 0 [3 ' SEF implies thatthe speaker’s decision was made some time ago i @ BR Be Hoje Bow vat. i 1m thinking of going tothe beach atthe weekend, ' © Sy Wan ose Hoss, I’m going to the bank now, i [Note] V volitional form & 5 &0°T (EF can be used to express a third person's will or intention. Oth hie Hoe Hot as, He is thinking of working in a foreign country. ' 3.| Vdictionary form \ vaurtom avs | 289 CF Victionary form 24!) TF is used to express the speaker's intention of doing something, and V%'\ form *%\ 2% ') T+ is used to express the speaker’s intention of not doing something OB Hove, Rie Ries ctu cs. Even when [ go back to my country, I'll continue with my judo. @SLAPSIE KLE Rs DbITH. ‘I'm determined not to smoke from tomorrow.[Note] Compared with V volitional form & to £4, Vaietionary form 8) TF sounds more determined, Voictionary form) 274 ND By using this sentence pattem, you can inform people of schedules. @ TAN Kill FAYN BRTS FATT. ‘I’m scheduled to go on a business trip to Germany at the end of July, Okt LEM Cb00 FECT. ‘The trip is scheduled to last for a week, «| 2K VT form etter This sentence pattern means that something has not taken place or has not been done yet. © Hitt, FA MOT EL. The bankisnot open yet. @v#-bit BF HSELAMW. — Have you written the report yet? MR, ELE BUT EEL. “No, notyet 2 ot /t~ In writing, a demonstrative belonging to the -series is used when a word(s) or a sentence(s) mentioned before is referred to. Sometimes, however, a demonstrative belonging to the =-series is used instead. In this case, the writer wants to describe something to the reader as though it really existed then and there. @ Re we bs Tons as. tnt Rio AF ‘There's one thing missing in Tokyo, And that's nature B pels weltA RL le TESTS Se. Cock FAK HS ET. What I want most is a “magic door.” When you open this door, you can go ‘anywhere you want, 27Vocabulary GACFLET H0C5LET OD Loidoley Ol (LITA I~] Tae let (Lite ~] tcyag PATI [boa~] geet 0 AOL aL 28 we Lesson 32 ee lat a let RRLET (RARRIS~] ee let (RRIC~] Rust (a4~] HET Byer eat (m4°~] take exercise succeed fail [an examination} pass [an examination} retum [rain] stop clear up get cloudy [wind] blow BYET. BVET DaRA~] (axrtac~] meet (Reat~] Reet este (er) teed Hor et recover from [sickness], get well be fixed, be repaired {high temperature] continue catch [a cold] cool worried, anxious enough, sufficient strange, funny noisy buming(~# L £4: get bumed) injury (~& L24 ¢ got injured) cough (~#° CHT havea cough) influenza sky sun star ‘moon windah at north Bik # south, KL BS west R east Aa faucet, tap, water supply engine team ZAP ae this evening DIM aa late afternoon, aa atime in the past, before BEC B¢ late (time) like this like that (concerning a matter related to the listener) like that (concerning a matter not related to the speaker or the listener), that much possibly, perhaps tnt OUEtLN, That's too bad. RAY VEY? Olympic Games cl asso ! KH vigor ¥ stomach Wate working too much ALVA stress, Aae Lito work more than one’s capacity ot Lat take one’s time Baty ~ HE horoscope eg Taurus ®yay 1 be in trouble, have a problem Bee Totery Savar Rocad 1 win (a lottery] itt health romantic love sweetheart, boyfriend, girlfriend rich personHW. Translation t Sentence Patterns 1. You had better take exercise every day. 2. It will snow tomorrow. ' 3. [may not be in time for the appointment. Example Sentences 1. Students these days spend a lot of time on recreation, don’t they? ~+*Yes, they do. But I think they should have a variety of experiences while young. 2. I want to go to Europe on a month’s tour. Would 400,000 yen be enough? “It's enough, I think. But you had better not carry it in cash, 3. What will happen to the Japanese economy? ++-Well. It will not recover so soon. 4. Will the Olympic Games be successful? ~-They surely will be. They have been preparing for them for a very long time. 5. Doctor, what's wrong with Hans? “He has caught flu, 2 He might have a high temperature for about three days, but don’t worry. 6. Don’t you think the engine has been making a strange noise? ~--Yes, We might break down. Let's return to the airport immediately. Conversation 1 You might be sick Watanabe: Mr, Schmidt, what's wrong with you? You don’t look well. Schmidt: Recently I don’t feel well. Sometimes I have pains in my stomach and head, Watanabe: That's too bad. You might be sick, s0 you should go and see a doctor. Schmidt: I think you're right. Schmidt: Doctor, what's wrong with me? Doctor: Nothing particularly bad. ‘Are you busy with work? Schmidt: Yes. I work overtime a lot these days. Doctor: You work too much, Maybe you are stressed about work. Schmidt: sec. Doctor; You shouldn’t push yourself too much. ‘Take some leave and have a rest. Schmidt I will.Tha 2! Reference Words & Information REI WEATHER FORECAST mosey eee fing, clouds Tater oa pee By ohe Cay 0799 cfoutly, occasionally rain Hy Micro che eyes cloudy, partly rain i eS tas oo ay a Be] mass wv) RRR (et) clear, fair probability of rain fit Ace Cama 7 cloudy the highest temperature Hokkaido area a Reve ay RGAE “ec Ce) jlo 32 rain the lowest temperature HE (3a) Ber ny3d 12°C/ 20% snow ROLE Tohoku area g 10% ‘gx esate 2— Tete os poles ¢ na Riis fe area of ae area ron) 17/24 © ae Fa 100 Yo (PC 25% PHAY_ nado charac —— te Chubu area : . ee area "GE aoe Sivig lf Kanto area Kbom/ 7 shower Boag thunder Bike 829 yphoon a av aT rainbow Bor 28s wind # (RIF) cloud Seo RY O/O humidity BLEW hot and humid Sbeole) refreshingIV. Grammar Explanation 1.[- Vie-form 58 Oe Varustorm tvs] E98 OTH mer ger OBE BHLA Ga OTH. it is good to do some exercise everyday. @ Be HOLTH. ee, BASE ARSC EFS UOTTE Thave got a fever. ***So, you had better not take a bath, This pattern is used to make suggestions or to give advice. Depending on the situation, this expression may sound like you are imposing your opinion on the listener. Therefore, consider the context of the conversation carefully before using it. {Note] The difference between ~f: (49 4° Vt ¥ and ~ fs cu te & @ BRO BF BAVA THe te, RBS frokh Ootrh T would Jike to see some Japanese temples. ++So, it would be a good idea to go to Kyoto. Example @ illustrates a situation in which a simple suggestion is given. In such cases ~tels Vis used. ~/ (15 4 44 implies a comparison and a choice between two things even if is not expressed in words. wor v ; eal plain form %8-adj| plain form Nn I+# This pattern expresses the speaker's inference from some information he/she has. When used in a question like , the speaker asks for the listener's inference, @ HUA He BST Ie It will rain tomorrow. siee OITHKYIAL SHTSTL ETH. Do you think Mr. Thawaphon will pass the exam? ThG v a | pain form %-adj] plain form N ach ~#b LIE EL also expresses the speaker's inference, and means that there is a Possibility that some event or state occurred/occurs/will occur. The degree of certainty however is much lower than with ~C Lk 3 Bee te tk © ORO MME MI Shtoys Laser, ‘We might not be in time for the appointment. HE LHLa. Both 1) $9k This adverb indicates that the speaker is quite certain of what he/she is.saying. The probability ranges from quite high to the same level as that of ~T Lt 7. OD iF7-XAlt B5e REF. Mr. Miller will surely come. ® SLAM F5e MTLI4. It will undoubtedly rain tomorrow. ASE Lelib ar : This adverb entails less certainty than ¥-> &, and is mostly used with ~T Lt 7. As 136 shown in @, #:.3°A is very often used with ~& 4 %4)£ 4° (sce Lesson 21). ante @ 8 9- Shit RATLLIN ith RE TLE F6 ‘Do you think Mr. Miller will come? ““T guess so. O hws hit 20 22-2 ASL HOY Hoey. guess Mr. Yamada does not know this news. 2) SLHLAD This adverb is used with ~#& LAE #A, in most eases. A sentence with & LAL fb expresses the idea that there is less of a possibility of some event or situation occurring (c.g., “I cannot graduate” in @). Diloleo sak FRCS LHELL. There is a possibility | might be unable to graduate in March. we Lats 5. Am Sie = LUM BSLTIO. Is anything bothering you? As shown in @, you cannot say LAS 4 UAtfow SU, Other similar examples are 4 de ~ BELLO ~ Ute. ROL CHA OS OU YEE, I want to go skiing. Could you recommend a good ski resort? », but you should rather say 4 (24> Nh ~ $0, Cow ~ ELS, 6.| Quantifier € T added to a quantifier indicates the limit of a price, time, quantity, ctc., necessary for a state, an action or an event to be realized. @RETC WHT tet. Can I reach the station in thirty minutes? Tete : © 3AAT EFtH Ritter Can I buy a video player for 30,000 yen?46 1. Vocabulary ces 0 xbyet I St5nHer 1 wer 0 £evet 1 byET afte 0 shat I Bejolest 0 [¢o8e~] ayvley I [tae~] Ao (a) #3 7rth tme7 How this ~s ats LEFEAL KBOU EAL WYSE CCB OULFTCK Byr9 (ACO wIFE7 AVE LI G0F LEjpbod ~b0d Lesson 33 MITES mYtt RUGET FET Lift t Byat Bret EELET (mic~] mlat (ee~] ~tt 3B FARE ARE AD ee, RH FREI eee stab ~?P run away make a noise give up throw keep, follow, obey raise, lift up lower, pull down convey (a message) be careful [of the cars] be away [from one's desk] no good, not permitted, impossible seat fight mark ball washing machine ~ machine regulation, rule Do not use. Keep out entrance exit ‘emergency exit free of charge closed today open for business inuse ingLq05~ what kind of ~ 83 (not) any longer (used with negatives) be~ ~TeA Aso inn @aaK parking violation aed well ~>ie within ~ ee police station doa ae fine telegram people urgent business send [a telegram] telegram charge as much as possible shortly, briefly aR and BAIT for example tb7 (6%) ina critical condition ee ups BO RR serious illness nt we tomorrow ar wer absence apie ay looking after a house during the owner's absence aA celebration ECeyag 1 pass away, die ls sorrow, sadness AM Lat mt usell. Translation Sentence Patterns 1. Hurry. 2. Don't touch. 3. “Tachiiti-Kinshi” means “No Entry.” 4, Mr. Miller said that he would go on a business trip to Osaka next week. Example Sentences 1. Is no good, I can’t run any more. -~-Fight. You have 1,000 meters left. 2. We have no more time left. *--You have one minute more. Don’t give up. Fight, 3. What is written there? Tt says “Tomare.” 4,” How do you read that kanji? --"Kin’en Temeans "Don't smoke.” 5. What docs this mark mean? +--It means that you can wash it in a washing machine. 6. Ts Mr. Gupta there? *+-He is out now. He said he would be back in about thirty minutes. — 7. Excuse me, could you please tell Ms. Watanabe that the party tomorrow will be from six o'clock? “+All right. It starts at six o'clock, does it? Conversation What does this mean? Watt: Excuse me. I found this paper stuck on my car. How do you.iead this kanji? University staff member: It says "Chusha-Than.” Watt: ““Chusha-Ihan?” What does that mean? Staff: It means that you parked your car in a no-parking area. Where did you park your car, Professor Watt? Watt: | parked in front of the station. I went to the bookstore to buy 2 magazine; itonly took 10 minutes. Well, parking in front of the station is not allowed even for 10 minutes. What is written here? It says that you must go to the police station within one week. Only that? Don’t Ihave to pay a fine? Yes, you must pay 15,000 yen later. You're kidding. 15,000 yen? To think the magazine I bought only cost 300 yen.Ill. Reference Words & Information v3 La Feat SIGNS 3 PA & ‘ tk a 3 & i] 7 bee g $94 mate mae Be? AS RARE Open for business In preparation Closed Regular holiday (#6 terest | |G seer || > 99 re | Pejsrec re seaees sees 2 waee ac SER th Oo “@o Toilet No smoking scat Reserved seat Emergency exit RRM Babes Mice Se ee Flammable Fragile Beginner driver Under construction ae 4) (Ge Ce BERR E RT FO TAOvURR) FI47)-277 Don't use chlorine Wash by hand Iron at a low Dry clean only temperature30 IV, Grammar Explanation 1, Imperative and prohibitive forms 1) How to make the imperative form of verbs (See Main Textbook, Lesson 33, p. 62, € AL.) Group I : Change the last sound ofthe. form into the sound ofthe %-line. Group I: Attach to the form. Groupll: L # F becomes L and $ #4 becomes =>. [Note] Non-voltional verbs such as Ho, T 4, d 4%, etc, do not have imperative forms. 2) How to make the prohibitive form of verbs (See Main Textbook, Lesson 33, p. 62, #8 Al.) With every verb, attach * to the ditionary form. 2. Use of the imperative and prohibitive forms 1) The imperative form is used to force a person to do something and the prohibitive form is used to command a person not to do something. Both the imperative and probibitive forms have strong coercive connotations, so much 0 that the use of these forms alone or at the end of an imperative sentence is very limited. In colloquial expressions, the use of either form is, in most cases, limited to male speakers. 2) Both the imperative and prohibitive forms are used alone or at the end of a sentence in the following instances: (1)By a man senior in status or age to a person junior to him, or by a father to his child. a ORC RS. Go to bed immediately. @ wnat Don’t be late. )Between men who are friends. In this case, the particle is often attached at the end of the sentence (0 soflen the tone. @ BLA 360 ROL]. Come to my house tomorrow, @ at) hee (2). Don’t drink too much, @)When there is not enough time to be very polite; ¢g., when giving instructions to a large number of people in a factory or during an emergency, etc. Even in this case, they may be used only by sen senior in status or age. © airs, Run, @ LUN-9- h3t, Don't use the elevator. (4)When a command is required during training many people or making students take exercise at schools and sports clubs @ RY, Rest ® Kee. Don't rest (5)When cheering at sporting events. In this case the expressions below are sometimes used by women as well © kn, Fight! @ hitar. Don’t lose! (6)When a strong impact or brevity is required, as in a traffic sign or in a slogan. ® ben, Stop. Bran Don’t enter.[Note] V € F-form % & 4° is another imperative style, It is used by parents to their children or by (eachers to their students and is a little gentler than the imperative form. So women use this style instead of the imperative form. Yet it s not used when speaking toa senior. O BALE. ‘Study. ~e RSET and ~e BOT HY ET @ an Rei he ROLTIM How do you read that kan? ® HEI PEE HoT SHYT. — “Tomare is writen over there. © in @ and @ indicates the content in the same way as © of ~ C 40S -¥ (Lesson 21). Kit Ye O59 BRETT | eK means "Ye ‘This pattern is used to define the meaning of the word represented by “X." & 43 comes from © \\..£ +. The interrogative & 3 \ 7 is used to ask the meaning. @ EAB it Rate 9 BACH. Ta i-Kinshi" means don't enter. ® =m 2~-7it C505 BACH, —- What does this sign mean? elbae Rae 05 BACH. ~temeans machine washable be eg Bot ELA plain form ~t 41d LZ is used when quoting a third person’s words (Lesson 21), while ~t 6. > 60 Leis used when conveying a third person's message. @ BPr Lit [ALA Raetic Foe Olt ‘Mr. Tanaka said, “I will take a day off work tomorrow.” @ BP shi ek Roe Fat alte Mr. Tanaka said that he would take a day off work lomorrow. or t plain form tthe ‘These expressions are used when politely asking someone to convey a message. @ VIA HET BBE CIVIC BAT OREM EELS Could you please tell Mr. Wang to give me a cal later? Otastis, RASLE BLAD. S-F4—it GHHEKE BAT st1. Vocabulary AMSEF I te~] (AeTEF OT Byet I esos et 1 [btHntor~] otay 0 (Le ime~] AWMVEF T [axa] lite 0 (A794€~] Lotclet I I2E4t Oy GABCY RK-YDAT “t $e yo bAh Htomuts ¥ HA PUCSL <3 La be bb ch aus Bed Lesson 34 grat (ee~] BALTES Rat Ri EET [enic~] Reyes RALED aN AY ah) RA ee brush [one’s teeth], polish assemble bend, fold, break, snap notice, become aware of [things left behind] put [in soy sauce] {a key) be found put on, wear [a tie] ask a question thin (of small diameter) thick (of large diameter) Bon Festival dance sports chub furniture ay, seat belt explanatory pamphlet, instruction book figure, drawing line arrow (sign) black (noun) white (noun) red (noun) bine (noun) navy blue, dark blue (noun) yellow (noun) brown (noun)soya, soy sauce sauce, Worcestershire sauce last night a short while ago tea ceremony make green tea first (when doing something before something else) place on, load onto Is this all right? bitter dor fates a t 8 x wits 0 Rey 0 RAET CAS a bowl of cooked rice with chicken and egg. material, ingredient portion for ~ (used for indicating quantity) chicken - gram (counter for small objects) onion one fourth seasoning, flavoring pan, pot fire, heating put on the stove cook, boil be cooked, be boiled ceramic bow! 33ll. Translation” Sentence Pattems L. 2. 3 Please write down what [ say from now. I bnish my teeth after eating 1 drink coffee without sugar. Example Sentences 1. Everybody, let’s practice the Bon Festival dance, Yes. Please dance as Ido. 2. Thad an interesting dream. -~-What kind of dteam was it? Tell me exactly what you dreamed. 3. This table, should I assemble it by myself? Yes, assemble it according to the instructions. It’s easy. 4, Where did you lose your wallet? ++I don’t know. I only noticed after [ had come home. 5. Won't you come for a drink after work? *="T am sorry but it's my day to go to the sports club. 6. What should I wear to my friend’s wedding? “+-Well, in Japan, men go to a wedding dressed in a black or a dark blue suit and a white tie. a 7. Should I eat this with soy sauce? +=-No, please eat it without anything. 8. You have gota litte slimmer, haven't you? Were you on a diet? "No. I walk to the station instead of taking a bus. Conversation i Please do as I do Klara: I would like to sce the tea ceremony. | Watanabe; Then, won't you come with me next Saturday? i Tea ceremony instructor: Ms. Watanabe, make the tea, please Klara, have the cake first, please. Klara: Oh should | eat the cake first? Instructor: Yes. When you drink tea after eating sweet cake, it tastes delicious. Klara: Is that so? Instructor: Well, let's drink the tea, Please do as I do. First take the cup with your right hand and put it on your left palm. Klara: Isthisall right? Instructor: Yes. Next, turn the cup around twice, and drink the tea Instructor: How do you like it? Klara: It’s a little bitter, but delicious.Ill. Reference Words & Information yaa #32 COOKING Seasoning re GAH Cooking tai a BS boil, cook ai sugar ; aK grill, bake, g salt | st roast Ca vinegar Bure deep fry Ae miso WEBS shallow fry a oll, fat = yrA Worcestershire sauce seam TI4A-X mayonnaise vteoT ketehop pee Ob UCTAP =F) mustard Deel, pare Zlsd pepper clog, mince C5HHL red pepper . ate Lada ginger s bee Japanese horseradish aL curry powder Cookware & Kitchen Utensils pet, pan FHS ——_ rice cooker kettle Let rice paddle lid eu) can opener ladle BRS bottle opener cutting board xB colander itchen knife a thermos bottle kitchen towel gasstove frying pan sink56 Vv. Grammar Explanation V1 dictionary form Vi te-form CBI Ve NO Dl ve ERY. Va This means to copy exactly in words or actions (V:) what one has heard, seen, read or learnt, ete. (V1), OD bk LH PS EBYIK, POT CHE Please do as I do. ObALH Es CBI HOT CREO. Please write down what I say as itis. OA ep, BLT Cea Please tell us what you saw as it was. The dictionary form is used when the action denoted by Vi is going to be done from now, and the /:-form is used when the action denoted by V): has already been done. a No eeu Vv ‘This means that an action (V) is done in accordance with the manner shown by the preceding phrase. ORO CBI, BE WoT ¢ Please cut the paper following the line. © BF cE YIc, MakTE LA T assembled it according to the handbook. 2. Vi te-form ne BCT Ve This sentence pattern means the action or occurrence denoted by V: takes place after the action or occurrence denoted by V) or N has taken place. OQMLOOE Rok SET HLA BRT ROU ELAS After 1 bought a new watch, ] found the one I'd lost. Ohio ace, har fasts ‘Shall we go and have a drink afier work? ‘Compared with V C-form #4, which has a similar meaning, V/:-form UT ‘emphasizes the time context in which the respective events happen.3.) Vs T-form Vis form uel ve V1 is an action or condition which accompanies the action denoted by V2. Look at ® and @. Using this pattern, whether soy sauce is used or not when the action AXE 4 takes place is stated. V1 and V: are actions done by the same person. LedDe OUT dxdt. We eat it with soy sauce. © Leje DWT NEF. — We eat it without soy sauce. 4.[ Vite form OT. Va This pattern is used when the speaker indicates a course of action taken out of two alternative possibilities presented. © eoate is yr @ BRB CIE feet, F6T OK) KAET, Next Sunday I won't go anywhere. I will rest at hone instead. EaLesson 35 1. Vocabulary eset 1 Rit [flowers] bloom [laaa~] Géa~] abet 1 Royet [the color} change [Sate] (ea~] cE0ET I Aver be in trouble, have a problem. outst I ay draw [a circle}, mark [with a circle] (24¢~] (te~] USEF T Bost pick up moves 1 get through [on the telephone], [ti bs~] (%2$%°~] have [a phone call] 5 < [a] ele] comfortable, easy EW correct, right BLY rare, uncommon, |e at a person (respectful equivalent of 0 &) 3245 acd over there, the other side le & island bb at village ane & port, harbor Sits HP neighborhood, vicinity BéULd BE rooftop DUDS Heh overseas PEDITY Lit) mountain climbing DART hiking soy me chance, opportunity an aa permission a3 a circle 45R aE operation (E51ES we methodou N-FY vt bts tt & wad wh OLA RLA bot fe bate PIONS equipment, facilities curtain string lid, cover, eap leaf apiece of music pleasure, enjoyment, expectation more first CNT BHYET. CAT MbYET. We'll finish now. Fa EE act eee RTA UA by ad 1 Sthy hed vat gon} SHE [te] resort in Kanagawa Prefecture tourist spot in Tochigi Prefecture resort in Nagano Prefecture Africa in that case night bus travel agency detailed ski resort, ski ground resort in Gunma Prefecture national park in Nagano Prefecture red keep company with proverb ‘be on good terms with necessary, essentialoo IL Translation Sentence Pattems Beye Cherry blossoms bloom when spring comes. ‘When it is fine, an island can be seen over there. For a trip to Hokkaido, June is a good season Where wedding speeches are concerned, the shorter they are, the better. Example Sentences 1. Tean*t open the car window. “If you push that button, it opens. 2. Do you have any other opinions? *--No, nothing in particular. If you don’t have any, let’s finish now. 3. How do you like the life in Japan? ++We have everything, and it is very convenient. But, [ think it would be better if the cost of living were a little cheaper. 4, Do Ihave to hand in the report by tomorrow? s+ If itis impossible, hand it in by this Friday. 5, I think I will travel for a few days. Could you recommend a good place? --Hummmn....{ think Hakone or Nikko is good for a few days. 6. want to borrow a book. What should I do? *++Ask the reception to make a card for you, 7. Ms. Yone Ogawa is very active, isn’t she? “Yes. The older she becomes, the more active she is. Conversation Ityou go to a travel agency, you can find out ‘Thawaphon: Mr. Suzuki, I want to go skiing with friends during the winter vacation. Could you recommend a good ski resort? Suzuki: How many days? Thawaphon: About three days. Suzuki: Im that case, I think Kusatsu or Shiga is good. They have hot springs, to. Thawaphon: How can [ get there? Suzuki: You can go by JR, but if you take a night bus, you arrive early in the morning. It is more convenient, ‘Thawaphon: Which is cheaper? Suzuki J don't know. If you go to a travel agency, you can get more detailed information. ‘Thawaphon: And I have no skis or skiwear. Suzuki: You can rent everything at the ski ground. Ifyou’re worried though, you can reserve everything at the travel agency. ‘Thawaphon: I'sce, Thank you very much.Ill. Reference Words & Information i & xX PROVERBS DIL ‘Wherever you live, once you get used to living there, it becomes home. Re ith ogo Two heads are better than one. ‘The more people there are, the better the idea that might occur. % 1 HULLS (4. BMITTAL, praeres ay FCB OF She is very beautiful. A standing figure is like a peony, a sitting figure is like a tree peony and a walking figure is like a lily. a BY EME MES Many a little makes a mickle. Even though it is small like dust, it becomes big Tike a mountain when piled up. ge . ee Spe etnig gH FC, = BD Speak: of the devil and he is sure to appear. e When you talk about someone, he will aL!) Cake before flowers. Substance rather than appearance. appear. HES eh 44 A rolling stone gathers no moss. C ») @ Those who are active make progress. ’ 1 1 { It can be interpreted in two ways. 1 { @® Those who easily get tired and change their jobs can not succced in life,IV. Grammar Explanation 1, How to make the conditional form (See Main Textbook, Lesson 35, p. 78, # Al.) Verb Group I: Change the last sound of the # Y'-form into the sound of the 2 -line and attach IZ. Group I: Attach 41to the # form, Group: 4+ becomes HI¥,and Lt ¥ becomes FHL. adj : Change the last \* ofthe \ “adjective into (}4U2, ‘te-adj: Delete the last & of the #-adjective and attach % Noun: Attach #6 to the noun, 2. | Conditional form. ~ With the use of the conditional form, the former part of the sentence describes the requirements needed for an event or occurrence to manifest itself, When the subject of the former part is the same as that of the latter, you cannot use verbs containing, volition in both pars ofthe sentenee atthe same time. 1), When describing the requirements needed for a certain event to manifest itself O Kove Heit, Ro meer. If you push the button, the window will open, @ hha itd, DALE TET. the goes, I will go, oo. @ ov Kis, ose Be Raag When iis fine, an island ean be seen over there. 2) When describing the speaker's judgement on what the ther person has said or the situation: @ (hole BRAS eH, CHT YE LEG. Ifyou don't have any other opinions, lets close this meeting now. @ slhace va-be deci ey sean, Aes, Soe ci hut CEU. ‘Do I have to hand in the report by tomorrow? ‘If it is impossible, hand it in by this Friday. (Note} Simitar expressions that you have leamed so far. [1] ~E (Lesson 23) ~€ is used when the result derived from the action described before is inevitable. Il is a predictable event or an unavoidable fact. ~ & cannot be used when it comes to the speaker's wishes, judgement, permission, hopes, requests ete @ cre Bre, ere heer. Press here, and the door will open. @ cam also be said using ~I¢. © cle Het, ere haat. Ifyou press here, the door will open. [2] ~#5 (Lesson 25) ‘As you leamed in Lesson 25, ~# 5 has two usages: (I) itis a conditional expression, and (2) it indicates thal an action or state will cour or appear when certain conditions have been met.vie thohe, FLEE REL. If I don’t have time, 1 will not watch television. © Wills wait, Lee REtd, IfT don’t have time, | will not watch television. x disc vor, FLEE REEL, @ KES kid. 0 MBL ¢ Please contact me, wien you come to Tokyo. x URN mei, eo HBL CEE In® and ©, ~#5 and ~id can be used, as unlike ~L, they are followed by expressions reflecting the speaker's wil. In @, however, only ~ 7: may be used because the subjects in the former and the latter denote the same person and both verbs are volitional. Although ~7: > has the widest range of use, as is shown above, it is not usually used in newspaper articles and business reports because it is colloquial, 3 Nw N4'& is also used when the speaker takes up the topic introduced by the other person and gives some information oni © BR: Fa nocere. Com oH BURL Bie. Ghee wort. 1 wantto visita hot spring resort. Don't you know any good place? oe “Ifyou are talking about hot springs, Hakuba would be good, a Interrogative V conditional form <\° TF This expression is used to ask for directions or suggestions as to the best course of action, It is used in the same way as ~ fs t 1 4.C-F'4> that you leamed in Lesson 26. Hence, @ can be restated as ©, @ Ke hy nvncre. 09 tHt wort, I would like to borrow some books. What should I do? @ Ke Bynvcet. CF Leb WOTTA I would like to borrow some books, What should I do? (1.26) s.[ v V dictionary form| adj | conditional form {t-adj(~*») ae ~ te-adj fe-adjt @ U-baxo BRit mie thie HE EET. ‘The more I listen to the music of the Beatles, the better I like it. @ syavit Rive tilles hear weet. ‘The easier the operation, the better the computer. The same verb or adjective is used in front of both I£/42 f and [HX in the same sentence. This pattern expresses that the degrce described in the latter part of the sentence increases/decreases with the change of the degree described in the former.1. Vocabulary ecsadt i (i BoA] tet Clave jbav 1 (7-7eet~] BreALet 0 heVes 1 etes 0 F271 (7te~] “nes I [Lei mcic~] Pie Pb bow TAHL~ Priv Lesson 36 Beet (to4*~] wet (REiE~] abet BELet RYET meee (784s ~] wane (eatic~] Ins Sa et~ we~ xe eR RB ea 4A ea [parcels] be delivered participate {in the game] type [on a word processor) save money get fat get slim, lose weight pass [7 o'clock] get accustomed to [the customs] hard, tough, solid soft, tender electronic ~ portable ~~ factory health kendo (Japanese style fencing) every week every month every year finally fairly without fail, by any means absolutely (used with negatives) well, skillfully as much as possible these days~to 40 NG ~ my arty As Bei Hai Cte] LT Ub Lever RR ~t ~tm avd Febvelet 0 sas a that RNG fee — Bie < Ag Fue age Kio ~ vet 1 ~ (some amount) per (some suit) That is more ~ Chopin, Polish musician (1810-49) guest, customer special be doing (respectful equivalent of LT 6.44) swimming ~, ~, and so on tango challenge feeling, enthusiasm vehicle, means of transportation history -th century far, remote place locomotive steam boat ‘many (people) carry, transport fly safe space, universe earth Wright brothers, American pioneers in aviation Wilbur Wright (1867-1912) Orville Wright (1871-1948)Translation Sentence Pattems iT Zt 3 I practice every day so that I can swim fast. I've finally become able to ride a bicycle. Itry to keep a diary every day. Example Sentences 1 Is that an electronic dictionary? +="Yes. I carry it so that I can check immediately when I hear an unfamiliar word. What does that red circle on the calendar mean? ~-That’s garbage collection day. I mark it so that I don’t forget. ‘Are you now accustomed to using a futon? Yes. I had a hard time sleeping at first, but now I can really sleep soundly on it. Can you now play work by Chopin? “No, not yet. I want to become able to play Chopin soon. Since the factory was completed, we've been unable to swim here. *+-Really? That's a shame, isn’t it? You don’t eat sweets, do you? ~--No. try not to cat sweets as much as possible. ‘That's better for your body. The concert begins at six o'clock. Please be sure not to be late. If you are Jate, you won't be able to get in. "Yes, okay. Conversation Imake the effort to use my brain and body Announcer: Good afternoon, everybody. This is “Health Hour.” Today's guest is Ms. Yono Ogawa who is 80 years old this year. ‘Ogawa Yone: Hello. Announcer: You look well. Do you do anything special to keep fit? try to take exercise every day, and eat a variety of foods. What kind of exercise? Ogawa Yone: Dancing, swimming, and... Announcer: Gi Recently I’ve become able to dance the tango. What about food? Ogawa Yone: 1] eat anything, I especially like fish. I make the eflort to cook a different dish every day. Announcer: You really use your brain and body. Ogawa Yone: Yes. I think I'd like to go to France next year, so I've started to learn French, Announcer: It's important that we have many challenges in life. Thank you very much, I enjoyed talking with you.Hl. Reference Words & Information Whs3 #2 HEALTH KROES A hE LEDS sit up late hE) EH LEO take little exercise seas HME LOR Ze +5 lead a well-rogulated life 8%. Ebsers keep early hours HT 2 / ARV ETS take exercise “do sports have many likes and dislikes oh awe eb avag rE Sek walk a lot often eat instant food Sits bah have no particular likes and dislikes Rhos 282 tkxS have a balanced ba eS eke have health checks often eat out thE ERS smoke +h BRED drink a lot Pe So oktintithe tne su ksit- eo Important Nutriments and Foods Containing Them pe is ee f; Ae : &.. potato /_tof shoot AF stab #D bite io OF sige j tr g pe 4 <6? | MW « UC runover | (tS hit HRYS cram | BRTS crash into the rear BETS kidnap (S14 FA hijack BE+% tall, crash aa NI VW, a carry 3 tet i, NE4S explode Tag 8/0 suite RATS ad sinkIV. Grammar Explanation fe m Passive verbs How to make passive verbs (See Main Textbook, Lesson 37, p. 96, ## SAL) Passive verbs polite form plain form I BEET pone Ty DANS a] ner Geohet | SKS ri eat Sonat = bn lat gnet ans All passive verbs are Group II verbs; they conjugate into the dictionary form, 4 ‘-form, T-form, etc. eg. DPMS, DHL), DONT Ni(person,)[t_N-{person:)|=_Vpassive When a person (perscn:)’s action is directed to another person (persom), person: can state it from his/her side by using this sentence pattern. In this case, person becomes the topic of the sentence, person: is marked with {=, and a passive verb is used. HE pkLt RAE LA My teacher praised me © br LIt HE HH LHS Le Lwas praised by my teacher, Bit brute Ribs Hat cee My mother asked me to go shopping. @beLit He Roe Mans Le I was asked to go shopping by my mother. ‘Something that moves (animals, cars, etc.) can replace person in this sentence pattern. @ bk Lit Reo wend Liew 1 was bitten by a dog. . [ Nuperson)i2Nafperson)I= Na & Vpassive ‘When a person (persom.)’s action is directed to an object belonging to another person (person), and persom feels annoyed or troubled, person uses this sentence pattern to express his/her feelings. 3 toh LO ety Oye ALE L My brother broke my personal computer. @ bELI Blo SV IY E MANELK. Thad my personal computer broken by my brother. Like in sentence pattem 2. above, an animate object or something that moves can replace person. © be: Lit Riz FE HEMS Ltce Thad my hand bitten by a dog.[Note 1] In this sentence pattem, the topic of the sentence is not the object (N;) of the verb but person: (N.), who feels annoyed or troubled by what persom does to the object belonging to hinvher. Thus HALO NV IVIk BLILIS CEKE LA is not correct. You should use sentence @ shown on the previous page instead. [Note 2] As this sentence pattern is used when person is troubled by what person: does, it cannot be used when person: is grateful for what persom does. ~T & 5\\F+ is used instead, @ bh Lit Rc ARRe RALT ESOELA Thad my bicycle repaired by my friend. tas x brit Ric bee Basa cr. Nithing) #°/1z_Vpassive 37 ‘When you need not mention the person who does the action denoted by a verb, you can make the object of the verb the subject of the sentence. In this case, a passive verb is used. O7IFVAT HO BHO A BRINE LH. An old Japanese picture has been discovered in France. © BKo wi BREA Mesa vat. Japanese cars are exported all over the world. we ase © Shu HP Mone LA The assembly was held in Kobe. % Nx (t Na(person) {<> 7% Vpassive ‘When something is created or discovered, and it is stated using a passive verb, the person ‘who created or discovered it is indicated by | tT instead of |<. Verbs like #% 4, ILOMWLET, LoL LET, etc,, are used in this sentence pattern. Mie £ youn ats OKA) 2 Eke Lot Hons ct. “The Tale of Genji” was written by Murasaki Shikibu. a Xi tot RHEE LA ‘The telephone was invented by Bell. © eNPDELASNT OC NEF ‘When something is made from a raw material, the material is marked with 4.4. When it is obvious to the eye that something is made of a particular material, the material is marked with T. @ t—mit Rb Bonet. Beer is made from barley. @F AKO Rit KT BOnELA. Japanese houses were made of wood in the past.= t 4 aceyesg I Lesson 38 age RUST Ueyar Keieclet DARLEF AVUUOALEF DT BRLET weed I (TAIL E~] aad [CLYL EW] adadt 0 (e¥e~] BEB IY BEE Haw Bat ~ Bex ~ bPBPL Lagitoriz Bepioci asER DOAh, 4% Las TAITK wits aAET (Sat ~] Wyss [ime ~] Boet AREA Ratha Boe Ree ~ ete ~ HEEL DER Pee oR ER ~R breed, bring up carry, transport pass away (euphemistic expression for LIcéF 39) enter hospital eave hospital turn on [the power switch] tum off [the power switch) lock pleasant, agreeable ‘unpleasant, disgusting large ~ small ~ baby elementary school junior high school the area in front of the station seaside, seashore lie, fib document, papers power switch made in ~[H.] OU. Brak BHI [LomeLed], (KLLEt]. ne IRE — ARED Ne a95 to LE BLE ee Seles Ol ~togj * -# HLS Las (L58~] I aay RF hk 5 EE At wat 0 a Bee age las : TIA HA®L2t FRAG] Oops!/ Oh, no! (used when one has made a mistake) Excuse me (for leaving before you). dome commemorating the atomic bombing of Hiroshima circular, sending round study room, professor's office, laboratory neatly, tidily put (things) in order, tidy up the book titled ~, the book named ~ {counter for books, etc.) seal stamp affix [a seal] twins sisters fifth grade, fifth year resemble, be like character quiet take care time pass by like very much = points class quarrel, fight mysterious, strange188, ll. Translation Sentence Patterns Beye Drawing pictures is fun. like looking at the stars. 1 forgot to bring my wallet. It was Tast March that I came to Japan, Example Sentences Are you still keeping a diary? ~--No, I stopped after three days. It's easy to start, but it's difficult to continue. 2. What with all the flowers, it’s a very beautiful garden, isa’ it? ---Thank you. My husband is good at growing flowers. 3. How do you like Tokyo? +--Well, there are so many people. And they walk fast. 4. Ob, no! ++-What’s wrong? forgot to close the car window. 5. Do you know that Ms. Kimura had a baby? +-No, didn’t, When was that? Te was about a month ago. 6. Do you remember the person with whom you were in love for the first time? ~+-Yes. It was in my class at the elementary school where I saw het for the first time. She was a teacher of music. Conversation like putting things in order University employee: Professor Watt, here’s a circular. Watt; Oh, thank you. Please leave it there. Employee: Your office is always in perfect order, isn’t it? Watt: 1 like putting things in order. Employee: The books are arranged well and everything is put to rights.... You are good Watt: at arranging things. Tonce wrote a book titled “How to Arrange Things.” Employee: Oh, great! Watt: It didn’t sell well, Ifyou like, I will give you a copy. Employee: Good moming. Wau: ‘Oh, | forgot to bring the book. I'm sorry. Employee: Never mind. But, please don’t forget to stamp the circular. You forgot last month, too.Ill. Reference Words & Information Bh beIELd & P47 = ANNUAL EVENTS uses EA New Year’s Day Celebration at the beginning of the ycar. People go to shrines or temples to pray for health and prosperity. New Year's cards arrive on New Year's Day. a UGH") The Doll’s Festival People who have a daughter display dolls. 2Vvto8 EZ Celebration for the growth and health of Children's Day SOGEB. | children. Originally, the day was set to celebrate the growth of boys. 5 pete 9 The Star Festival Based on a Chinese legend, Altair and Vega come from the eastern and western extremes of the Milky Way once a year to meet, The Bon Festival is a Buddhist tradition of greeting the spirits of deceased ancestors. ae bE People visit the cemetery where their relatives ‘The Bon Festival are buried. ata BSL Moon Viewing People enjoy viewing the full moon. oa KA New Year's Eve People prepare for the New Year, cooking ‘osechi’(special food for New Year's Day) and cleaning the house. ‘At midnight the temple bells begin to ring.WV. 1. Grammar Explanation V plain form® Attach the particle ® to the plain form of a verb and you can nominalize the phrase accompanying that verb. Vaictionary forma! adjective T+ @D FaAlt BELAUTH. ‘Tennis is fun. @FHaRE H5Olt BELAUTH. Playing tennis is fun, @OF=Rt LSolt BELSUTH. Watching tennis is fun. © simply refers to tennis as a sport, while @ and @ are more specific in referring to cither playing or watching tennis. Such adjectives as UHL, PZ LY, BELSY, OLS, FL], AON LL 41, ete,, are frequently used in this sentence pattern, Voictionary forma" adjective C+ @ br Lit ea HCH. Like flowers. Obit Ee FUS0s HS CH. ike growing flowers. ORR Kit Fiow Boe, People in Tokyo walk fast. ‘The adjectives which are used in this sentence pattern are usually ones that describe likes or dislikes and skills or capabilities such as FS (%], ¥50C4], C2 340), sé C01, IEPO, BEY, ete, Vaictionary form ~ SHEL | forgottodo I forgot the key. apie @EWXE Hit BHELA. I forgot to buy the milk. te ae, er © fo Ht Hosoe Batt: 1 forgot to close the car window. means the person “had to buy the milk, but forgot it.” And @ means the person “had to close the window of the car, but left the car with the window open.” Vplain forma 42> £44 | Doyouknow that ..? This is an expression asking whether the listener knows what is described in the clause preceeding 2, te fyi pce L BEASLO RA BUBTSOE oT ETH Do you know that Mr. Suzuki is going to get married next month?Note] The difference between LY EL and LYERLTL DANS LI RE e LH LENLOE FaT VET, HOR, FY EEL TL he Do you know that Ms. Kimura had a baby? + No, I didn’t. @ i 9-3L0 BE HoT ORTH. AR BU EKLS Do you know Mr. Miller's address? "No, Idon't. LY £UL TLE is used in example O, because the person rep! has got the information from the question, In example @, however, L !) #44. is used because the person replying has not got any information from the question. | plain form t bee On NTT %¢-adj | plain form N [~Kexd MUL TEAO AS ae Bank Lé& My daughter was bom in a small town in Hokkaido. OR dentro Uako hee ted. ‘My daughter’s birthplace is a small town in Hokkaido. a wt Ee bd Ler. December is the busiest month of the year. @1Fe bits KLoo waet. The busiest month of the year is December. ‘This patter is used when a noun representing a thing, a person, a place, etc., is replaced with ® and then taken up as the topic of the sentence. In examples @ and @, “the place where my daughter was born” and “the busiest month of the year” are taken up as topics, and the speaker gives related information in the latter half of the sentence. TERE /R EER /~EEO/~ CATE, ote Various particles can be attached to ~ & ¥, which you learned in Lesson 23, because the word & 3 isa noun. Bahk CAP RL CS, BE Boks. I remember my hometown when I am tired or lonely. @.31) BAItnn caps, gov Khe ELT OFF. Ihave been living in Osaka since { was born.I. Vocabulary cAaAET O (Lotdtc~] kRBMET T Le na~] eet T (5 54~] Uiya~] [is <4] epyas [45 e~] Leer. Voc ylat O sop) Lat Tf SALALET BlI¢Let 0 e7AM Lat O UL@Let I HVodcles DD 3 ( Foe] Cradle] Sha IHL arly eeu CLA ASG we Ec [Blaau Lesson 39 Baer [#rac~] Bnet MIST [r9as~] BYET [we~] REET Key WM LET RBLET ae LET wale) ABE Lt] HW Blo RTH LE ee 6B AE aK (BESO answer [a question} [a building} fall down [a house] burn down [bread] be baked [imeat] be roasted, be grilled pass [along a street} die be surprised be disappointed be relieved be late, come late leave (work or school) earlier than usual quarrel, fight divorce complicated, complex obstructive, in the way dirty glad, happy sad embarrassed, ashamed earthquake typhoon fire accident interview with a view to marriageTht telephone charge ~K charge, fare, fee york front desk, reception desk 2 -8E room number ~ bt # perspiration (~% 4% 44: perspire) gan towel ttolth soap BEY Ke a great number of people HOMME ETL e BRAS ETL sso Thank you for your hard work. (used to express appreciation for a colleague’s or subordinate’s work) SOOUET Et I’m coming. (humble way of saying (34) aARBD tei Pec on the way, in the midst of truck, lorry a bump, collide stand in a queue, line up adult ‘Western clothes be Westernized fit, suit now coming-of-age celebrationI. Translation Sentence Pattems 1._Lwas surprised to hear the news. 2. Because of the earthquake a building collapsed. 3. [don’t feel well, so I'l go to 2 hospital. Example Sentences 1, How was the “omiai”? ~-+T thought he looked good when I saw his photo, but I was disappointed when I saw him in person. 2. We are going on a hike this Saturday. Won’t you come along with us? -=+I'm sorry, but I can’t make it that day. 3. How did you like that movie? +The story was complicated, so I could not understand it well. 4, T'm sorry to be late +-What happened? ‘The bus was delayed by an accident, 5. Won't you come for a drink now? -++Lam sorry, but I have something to do, so I have to leave now. Well, see you. 6. [sleep on a futon lately, and [ find using it very convenient. +--What did you do with your bed? T gave it toa friend, because my room is small and it got in the way. Conversation Pm sorry to be late Miller: Ms. Nakamura, I’m sorry I’m late. Nakamura: What happened, Mr. Miller? Miller: Actually, there was a traffic accident on my way here, and the bus was delayed. Nakamura: An accident involving the bus? Miller: No. A truck and a car collided at the interscetion and the bus could not move. Nakamura: That was bad ‘There was no call from you, so everybody was worried. Miller: 1 wanted to call from the station, but many people were queuing at the telephones... I'm sorry. Nakamura: [see Well, let's start the meeting.Ill. Reference Words & Information at % FEELINGS 3HLAY happy ae we _ RU BELAY lonely RELAY sad pleasant, enjoyable he BELSy soRELO fea Hun envious embarrassed, ashamed _ eae 4 ($9 FEI @ A Fah) FB BOHYFS Jot yte be surprised be disappointed be enchanted en Ul OBUBTS be irritated 42 a CECETS (2b1t5F% be scared feel uneasy Ses &) 39.IV, Grammar Explanation V T-form Veutorm et | brad) (~~ ¢t]° e-adj [(#J-T is sentence pattern, the first part of the sentence presents a cause and the second part presents the consequence produced by the cause, Unlike ~#* that you learned in Lesson 9, this pattern has many constraints over its usage. In 1) The words which come in the latter part are limited to those words which do not contain volition: (1) Verbs and adjectives to express feelings, suchas U> { 44, HL ULF, O£4, UU, THLE, SARL, ce: @D =2-AE MOT. Usd) LELA. 1 was surprised to hear the news. @ Ric Aaece, Bucs. miss my family. (2) Potential verbs and verbs to express states: @ ita Hoa Bcc HL. Saturday is inconvenient for me, so I cannot come. @ Ht BHC LC DEY EELTL A 46 ‘The story was complicated, so I could not understand it well. (@) Situations in the past: @ BR HoT, MAM RMT LEVEL. The bus was delayed by an accident. © BR Bae, HE Lone ce. I was late for the lesson, so | was scolded by my teacher. 2) Expressions containing volition (will, orders, invitation or request) are not used in the latter part of the sentence. When the latter part of the sentence contains volition, the phrase with T cannot be used and instead the phrase with 4 5 is used. DBEOTTDS, BAIS ME WOT CHV It is dangerous, so please do not touch the machine. x RECT. BHI MDCT CHES 3) In this sentence pattern, the first part and the second part of the sentence are sequential events, In other words, the first part takes place first and the second part takes place after that. es eee O blk Bhs Hy etHS. 825 RM Uw CH EEL. The meeting will be held tomorrow, so we have to make preparations for it eoday. x BLA BB bot 325 BMLeAE TY EtL.2.[NT The particle T that you leam in this lesson indicates a cause. Nouns used in this case are those which indicate natural phenomena, happenings, events such as CZ, LLL, aL, etc, As with the sentence pattem in 1. on the previous page, in this construction expressions containing volition are not used as predicates. Ome Ens Bing LA Because of the earthquake, a building collapsed. @ RAC Ske hater. Because of illness, [took a day off work x Bat lz Be Rance. ad taal 48-ad) plain form N Jront Like ~#°5 that you leamed in Lesson 9, ~ 0 T indicates causes and reasons. While ~4°b subjectively highlights a cause or a reason, ~OT objectively presents a cause- plain form i Dt ~ aa and-effect relationship as a natural course of events. As the use of ~0T softens the view of the speaker, leaving a weak impact on the listener, it is often used to express a reason gently, to ask for permission or to make an excuse. D BAEK bH_UVOT. RBC HLT OAR ELD Tdon't understand Japanese, so would you please speak in English? @ hike 4507, BEC RALET. May I leave now? I have something to do. Asit is a soft expression, it is not used with the imperative or the prohibitive forms. BB, RBIS HS eo ‘Don’t touch the machine because it's dangerous. XBROOT. HHI BS te [Note] T is used with the plain form as shown above. In more polite expressions, however, it can be used with the polite form. @ WEA HYRTOT, BE RALET. ae Be ome (=BEK HOOT. BRIE RLLET.) ‘May I leave now? I have something to do. 2 4. & Fc £m 9 T means “during” or “on the way to.” It follows V dictionary form or NO. BE ke RPC His oT SH HAT LEORA TH. ‘Actually, on my way here there was an accident and the bus was delayed. i Orayy0 RHC ASH EC wVELA. I got sick during the marathon,1. Vocabulary wELET eyed 1 ALooeet 1 Hv 1 (44 Zas~] Lerlfolat 0 ejbetlat eat t SAG) votj(t) jb09 bras (FFL Lesson 40 BART count WYET, BV EF measure, weigh Hemet aoEt wRLED Be let Bort ee] E(t] a aOR BER HEE confirm, make sure [the size] fit depart arrive get drunk dangerous necessary space, universe earth year-end party New Year's party second party ‘mass meeting, convention ‘marathon contest face, front back (side) reply application truth, fact mistake defect, wound, scratch trousers length weight height size, scale flight, flight number train number, typhoon number, etc. (Counter for small objects)UL (+184, -184) mites (120, te) a8 -40 ~TFb yt ay ml a9 ~RE ~ Ve ~UP sb Roh xR ROCK RIL ISD LITLIIM DIR Fab woe BUR eoat MboLeodt I at = thst we ta bes4 RAT 1 int * Bie Hoes 1 H8X dic knag Bee jbeler (counter for long objects) ~ glass or cup of (counter for full cups, glasses, ctc:) — kilograms, kilometers = grams — centimeters ~millimeters not less than ~, over ~ not more than ~, under ~~ well, let me see (used when unsure of something) Vincent van Gogh, Dutch painter (1853-90) ‘Snow Festival in Sapporo name ofa Shinkansen train Japan Airlines How is ~? (polite way of saying & 3 C44) class test, examination performance, score, result bythe way come (respectful equivalent of ¥ #1) situation, condition, appearance incident, case motorcycle bomb load, pile up driver remote but suddenly start, operate, move with all one’s effort suspect, criminal obtain, get even now gossip50 Translation Sentence Pattems Please check what time JL107 will arrive. 2. They can’t tell yet whether or not typhoon No. 9 will come to Tokyo. 3. I would like to try seeing the earth from space. Example Sentences i Where did you go for the second party? ~+-As I was drunk, I don’t remember where we went. 2. Do you know how they measure the height of mountains? ~--Well, no. How do they do it? Do you remember when it was that we first met? *~+T've forgotten such an old story. 4, Please tell us by the 20th whether or not you can attend the year-end party. All right. What do they examine there? +-They examine whether or not the boarding passengers carry knives or something, dangerous. 6. Excuse me. May I try this dress on? “Certainly, in here please. Conversation Tam worried if my son has made any friends or not Klara: Ms, Ito, how is Hans doing at school? It I'm worried if he has made any friends or not. to: He is all right ‘Hans is popular with his classmates. Klara: Is he? I'm glad to hear that, How are his studies going? He says studying kanji is hard. Ito: I give a kanji test every day. Hans gets good marks, Klara: Does he? Thank you, Ito: By the way, soon we'll have Sports Day. Is his father coming, too? Klara: Yes. Ito: hope that you can see what your son is like at school. Klara: All right. I would appreciate if you could help him enjoy his school life.Ill. Reference Words & Information Rh & ee b ta Bh + 88 B+ ae MEASUREMENT, SHAPES & PATTERNS aues on mth Area YE Length Rey #44 square centimeter == mm 2 ([X—F i] millimeter Bx bw square moter om t74[4—b 1] centimeter km? FH4O%—b iL square kilometer =m X— IL meter km #0[4— 1] kilometer pws 2d be TEAR Bi Volume and Capacity HX Weight cm? HOLY £4 — bib cubic centimeter mg 2 979K milligram m EBs bi cubic meter g 73h gram mi EY 7b milliliter kg +0(774) kilogram eo yoy ce toby ton ¢ Yybe liter we ait Calculation 1+2-3x4+6=1 kt UC HHS bS tk(49-0) plus minus multiply divide equal ee rd Lines 42 Shapes ee O WH curved tine \ SK dotted tine GD 28 2) circle triangle BL pattems fH g | e ese fics HEE 9 F297 RE a dese vertical horizontal check polka-dot floral © plain stripes stripes printIV. Grammar Explanation - | plain form adj | PI : a Interrogative tt-adj | plain form Nn I~# A question with an interrogative is used as a component of a sentence in this sentence patter. We the Estee us @ JLIO7Rit ees SATS. BST CHE. Please check what time JL107 will arrive. dee ee te © BGO BHA Ha OH, BLT Et. We are talking about what to give as a wedding present. os ie O br LibH MOT okoOlt vow, BAT ETH. Do you remember when it was that we first met? ‘ fain f ba | Pai form noah t8-agj ) plain form : N ~# ‘A question without an interrogative is used as a component of a sontence in this sentence pattern. Note that & 9° is necessary after “plain form #°.” tigen. Ges io se Osthr: Ete cio WET RHE CK Please answer by the 20th whether you'll attencl the year-end party or not. Ot Bit BLEID CIM bHYEHL. I don’t know whether the story is true or not. © BHA Hom C94 Please check if there are no mistakes. In@, not FHI HSA CF dut HIV LOA CF A is used because the speaker wants to confirm that there are no mistakes. We 3.[_ vVttom 42 ‘This sentence pattern is used to show that the action denoted by the verb is a trial. © 65 “ke FRt nat. T'll think it over again, OFErs bRe he anoct want to see the earth from space (to know how it looks). OlD ARE OT ATE OTH May I try on this pair of trousers?4, Wead(~V)>~ Change the final ‘ of an ‘ -adjective into.%, and you can transform the adjective into a noun. eg, BRS KeoKs Bods @ lin Bria CFR 2 Han, Hot vst Do you know how to measure the height of a mountain? OF. to Exit sux—bves, ‘The new bridge is 3,911 meters long. 8. val PRT OUTLET ~TL + 4%, which is used to ask a question whose answer the listener might be uncertain of, is also used to ask a question whose answer the listener is sure to be able to give. In this case, it is euphemistic and hence more polite, 2Lesson 41 |. Vocabulary a1 CKsET I ead iver SET evpadsy I RYsAst LAH Lat UMM LEF DPM Bob Be BELKE BEE [B) aes (3) 9s L7H BR Ce jas ie SAIEF SR I2oBA Re 4 % ag Bt» REL eas ALS welded KFA DINE ar FR wb aah receive (humble equivalent of & 5\t +) give (respectful equivalent of 126 ll. Translation Sentence Patterns The conference is just about to begin. 2. He just graduated from university this March. 3. sent the documents by special delivery, so they should arrive tomorrow. Example Sentences 1, Hello, this is Tanaka speaking. Can you talk now? +~*I'm afraid 1 am going out just now. 1 will call you when I get back. 2. Have you found the cause of the breakdown? No, we are checking now. 3. Is Ms, Watanabe in? ++-Well, she has just left now, She might be still at the elevator. 4, How are you getting along with your work? ++ joined the company just last month, so I can't say yet. 5. Tony bought this video camera last week, and already it doesn’t work. ‘Well, et me see it. 6. Will Teresa's temperature go down? I've given her a shot now, so it should go down within three hours. Conversation He should be there soon Man at Gas Service Center: Hello, Gas Service Center. Thawaphon: Er, there's a problem with my gas stove, Man: ‘What seems to be the trouble? Thawaphon: Well, although you only fixed it last week, the flame goes out right away. It’s dangerous, so could you come and fix it soon? Man: I see, We'll be there around five. May Ihave your name and address? Thawaphon: Hello. A man was supposed to be coming here around five o’clock to check my gas stove, Isn't he coming? Man: I'm sorry. Who is this, please? ‘Thawaphon: My name is Thawaphon. Man: Hold a moment. I'll contact our repairman, Man: Sorry to have kept you waiting. He is heading for your place now. He'll bbe there in about 10 minutes.Ill. Reference Words & Information 124.8280 10—*/ ROOTS OF KATAKANA WORDS Japanese has many loanwords from foreign languages. They are written in katakana. While most katakana words come from English, some of them have come from French, Dutch, German, Portuguese, etc, Katakana words are also created by the Japanese using foreign words. ance wa hip z exh thats] RAL BR ott food & drink clothes illness atts others Yab nh |Evoy AVIWE S| FIZ AGFa—W jam ham apron influenza ‘drama schedule ee AA-b RUA I-F-R 74 at ‘cookie: i stress chorus. tissues $-X 4OF4— [ST Ve cheese melody trouble leisure BoxF KRY aes TyT— > leroquette trousers ballet questionnaire 2 |tavy yevyy |av7-n | omelette lingerie chanson competition Pe] zy avy Thos exo green pepper __|culotte studio pierrot, clown FIVITNE LyK¥y [xaNy Fives b ¢ [tyne] Xray fairy tale part-time job 4 | frankturter phan xAWER ly neurosis ‘energy : TULE- PULF F-2| allergy ski slope theme + fe-w Ry? AR Fh Aye 3 |beer deck shoes scalpel rubber paint x ¥ |g=e— hy? tytyb WIR Bd 83+| coffee hook tweezers glass cook it AY to-F ANP } fread velvet card axe Fart 'gg<|sponge cake —_| vest, waistcoat 4 |eno= 485 f macaroni opera ; 7 ry FA sLy—t =| spaghetti ballerinaIV. Grammar Explanation 1.! Vdictionary form VT4om 3S | ELS TH Vie-form The word & © 4 originally means “place,” but it is also used to indicate a temporal position. The & = 4 that you learn in this lesson is the latter and is used to stress a certain point in time during the course of an action. D[_Vaictionary form & ATH This sentence pattem shows that a person is about to start doing something or something is about to start, It may be used together with = Ht#5,[5 4 7 C] +44, etc, which makes the meaning clearer. as OD BMALIt £5 RXELED UA, LHD ENS ELSTH. Have you had lunch yet’ "No, I'm going to have it now. ied aE @ Swit 67 BEV ELAD. wa, Bib G26 LOST Has the meeting begun yet? aa “No, it’s just beginning now. 2] VE-form 04 CATH This sentence pattern shows that a person is now doing a certain action or a certain action is now being done. It is often used with \ es wee DARD RAS bh ELAM mR BEST OS CS TH ‘Do you know what caused the breakdown? "No, We are investigating it now. 3 Vitform EL 4 TT This sentence pattern shows that a person has just finished a certain action or a certain action has just been completed. It is used together with 7+» #26, ete. @ HAs hit vet b, totkh tok Co4TH. EK LUN-9-0 Fle SHE LNERLS Is Ms. Watanabe here? | *-Ob, she’s just left. ‘She may be somewhere near the clevator. Okokh saa bk coset. ‘The bus left just now,{Note] ~ & 2 4 TF is a noun sentence and is used in various structures. See © below. O©elLel OPTI Fooelsa iH tet TREK. Sb MNTS CISUATHH Hello. This is Tanaka speaking. May I talk to you now? “Sorry. I’m just going out. 2.[ Vieform (£0) CF This sentence pattern means that not much time has passed since a certain action or event occurred. It is the expression of the speaker's feeling and can be uscd regardless of the real length of time that has passed if the speaker feels it is short. In this respect, this sentence pattern is different from V ¢:-form & 2 4 T+, which can only indicate the time when a certain action has just been completed. © 498 BLULE RXK Mh) TH. Thad lunch only a while ago. ie Le ei a @ Kis La BR co Bc Rok aoe. Ms, Kimura joined this company only a month ago. [Note] ~(£4*!) TF is a noun sentence and is used in various structures. See @ below. at Oro EFtit £8 Rok toy wor, Wee BHLOTH. T bought this video only a weck ago, but it isn’t working well. ws 3.| Vdictionary form! V@Uform 1s sadj(~\) arer te-adj NO ‘The speaker uses this sentence pattern to show he/she is convinced of what is stated before (£4°-TF. By using this sontence patter, the speaker implies that he/she has grounds to think so that it is his/her own judgement, and that he/she is quite sure of it. Skit 825 RSTLIIN RS PTTL. 305 Bibs |YELE Do you think Mr. Miller will come today? ~-P'm sure he'll come. I received a phone call from him yesterday. In @, the grounds for the speaker's judgement is yesterday’s phone call. Based on this call, the speaker himself judges that Mr, Miller witl come today. The speaker shows his/her firm belicf in this judgement by using ~ [17° C4.130 I. Vocabulary boeUET I (ura~] pened [oe an] eae LEF Tl lat [Becase] [ée%~] [Bat] slat [m2 e~] ur Caio TAR LIED fhoUnF Cotte U&s4 CBO ard wary an WhARK Saji snile Shite ttt TELE Crete Lesson 47 REET [As] ana t [Age] RASLET Ca 4~] [eRa*~] [#t~] Hiv RATR RH Fee Ag AE ag Ke KEE RR Bt Bit ae [people] gather [people] part, separate live long [sound/ voice] be heard taste smell put up (an umbrella] terrible, severe frightening, horrible weather forecast announcement, presentation experiment population smell science medicine, medical science literature patrol car ambulance approval, agreement objection, opposition male, man female, woman.rae it appears thal (used when making a tentative judgement) wie bot according to ~ (indicates the source of information) x51) (BI Bali [island] (in Indonesia) RADY Tran HAY AMET California (in U.S. A.) RIT Guam ISD sue BA sweetheart, boyfriend, girlfriend #LEd 0 get engaged aoy Hay the other person ySoet 1 get acquainted RAY - we th Cogs o BH tr average life span ttxay Bbe~) 0 compare [with men] ee ce doctor os a brain AREY hormone wuasee (CH eS cosmetics ue an survey, research us Ae makeup (~ # L +: put on makeup)a m Il. Translation Sentence Patterns 1. According to the weather forecast, it's getting colder tomorrow. 2. Someone seems to be in the next room. Example Sentences 1. The newspaper says that a Japanese spoech competition will be held in January. Why don’t you enter it, Mr. Miller? s--Well, ll think about it. 2, Theard that Klara lived in France in her childhood, ++-That's why she can understand French, 00. 3. They say that Power Electric’s new electronic dictionary is very good because it’s easy-to-use Yes, is. I've already bought it 4, went to the Indonesian island of Bali recently. +“"Thear that it is a very beautiful place. Yes, It was very wonderful 5. They're lively, aren’t they? ~+-Ves. It seems that they are having a party or something. 6. There are a lot of people gathered. *~-ILlooks as if there's been an accident. There’s a police car and an ambulance. Conversation Theard that she has got engaged Watanabe: I’m going now. Good-bye. Takahashi: Ms. Watanabe, just a moment. I'll come with you, Watanabe: I'm sorry but I'm in huny. Takahashi: Ms. Watanabe leaves earlier recently. ITooks like she has found a boyfriend, Hayashi: Oh, don't you know the news? They say that she got engaged recently. Takahashi: Really? Who? The lucky man! Hayashi: Mr. Suzuki of IMC. Takahashi: Mr. Suzuki? Hayashi: I heard that she met him last year at the wedding reception of one of her friends. Takahashi: Did she? Hayashi: By the way, how about you, Mr. Takahashi? Takahashi: Me? My work is my sweetheart,Ill. Reference Words & Information ONOMATOPOEIA yo (#4) @a-ta— k() [rere hs) yy hard (wind be) whistling (thunder) loudly Wy Yad / AFF B 4 ie a/ na (BO ye i aed TLI7 (ERB) bowwow caw Se = is “4 ee Ba) LOLS Ghd) B24825 (4) a guifaw sob (look around) restlessly = (le 1 Say | NPN nm at S@Q=|-“@-|e > = Kee] Ince Xa) 6505 (ha) +546 (hb) (cat) heartily (be) fast asleep (read) fluently yz > Ge GS | @ YEYS (LTO) ANH (LTS) 2S7B (LTS) (Geel) rough (be) sticky (be) smooth, slippery

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