AVR DC

AVR ULN2003- ULN2002- L293- L298 DC

! AVR " "#$%!"& ' ( ! DC

1 "% ) *+ , " -" ./ $0

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DC
DC
DC IC
L
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 MOSFET DC " M >$1

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LED F ( >$1

DC IC
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# A #H
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. F Dutycycle F

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T 0

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0 PWM ! 3
PWM ! 0 3N5
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DC # M >$1

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not dATmaga16 + !*( c OC0 + ! dCompare (78 c OCR0
+ ! "J 9 + *" #" 0xff "J + " + H X (1 + #
I K . 7 8 Z 9" " j! ( # not # \
. K PWM ! OCR0 7
(78 # HY " ' ( /(V (78 V " e2 !
" *"1 EG k h Disconnected + 4 " e 2 Mode output
# U $E # HZ + non–inverted # inverted + 4 # "1 PWM
 F ( Fast PWM " Q 4 >$1 " ^26 PWM U $E k
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Fast PWM " Q 4

D" 0 " +O PWM W G

fclk − I / O
FOC 0 =
N .(256 −TCNT 0)
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fclk − I / O
FOC 0 =
N .(256 −TCNT 0)
#include <mega16.h>
interrupt [TIM0_OVF] void timer0_ovf_isr(void)
{
TCNT0=0x06;
}
void main(void)
{
PORTB=0x00;
DDRB=0x08;

// Timer/Counter 0 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: 250.000 kHz
// Mode: Fast PWM top=FFh
// OC0 output: Non-Inverted PWM
TCCR0=0x6B;
TCNT0=0x06;
OCR0=0x38; //OCR0 = 56
// Timer(s)/Counter(s) Interrupt(s) initialization
TIMSK=0x01;
// Global enable interrupts
#asm("sei")
while (1){
if(PIND.0==0)OCR0=++OCR0;
if(PIND.1==0)OCR0=--OCR0;
delay_ms(200);
};
}

D( *#" PWM " d

"; ; K ; +; [# * ; ; PWM W = / '+ . "S8 @
e ;2 ;! (;1 +; / ;' 9 "; ";1 7 % &9 PWM " .
; Dutycycle "; ; # "; #0 ; " dTce# # T G
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PW
% D u ty cy cle = × 100
T
; ; " ;! =; * ; ;' # =; * /" PWM "J 9 1
" 8 +E O ) " Y R 6 j . #0

)
" " m + [# * KHZ G= #$
. 9 E !* = #* '* /" G
1 1
T = = = 1m S
F 1K
PW
% 70 = = 0 .7 m S = 7 0 0 µ S
1m
S W = T − PW = 0 .3 m S = 3 0 0 µ S

#include <mega16.h>
#include <delay.h>
void main(void)
{
DDRB=0x01;
while (1)
{
PORTB.0=1;
delay_us(700);
PORTB.0=0;
delay_us(300);
};
}

D )
# 3; / ;' +; + - /" + up " , 6G DC = + "7 +
; # "; ; A + Y# 1 d" 9 6 + # Y# 1 9 ( cQ "
+; Y# ;1 Q ; "; # ;3N5 / ;' +; +; - /" + DOWN " , 6G
d 1+G 4 V KHZ Gc " ( A
1 1
T = = = 1mS
F 1K
SW + PW = 1mS

DC ) = (1 M >$1

#include <mega16.h>
#include <delay.h>
int sw,pw,i,i2,i3;

void delay_usec(long int ha){

for(i2=0;i2<=ha;i2++){
}
}

void main(void)
{
DDRB=0xFF;
DDRC=0x00;
PORTC=0xFF;
while (1)
{
PORTB.0=0;
PORTB.1=0;
//***********************righ
if(PINC.0==0){
PORTB.0=0;
sw=1000,pw=0;
for(i=0;i<=100;i++){
sw=(sw-10),pw=(pw+10);
for(i3=0;i3<=50;i3++){
PORTB.1=1;
delay_usec(pw);
PORTB.1=0;
delay_usec(sw);
}
}
}
//*************************left
if(PINC.1==0){
PORTB.1=0;
sw=1000,pw=0;
for(i=0;i<=100;i++){
sw=(sw-10),pw=(pw+10);
for(i3=0;i3<=50;i3++){
PORTB.0=1;
delay_usec(pw);
PORTB.0=0;
delay_usec(sw);
}
}
}
};
}
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# ;1 ; "; H .; ;1 + (a 7& K j I +7 =
Y ; 9 # "; ;$ M >$1 "1 +& A Q + - F2 = +,
f; # ; =; # ; ? ;! . ; ;5 9 + " *6 +,!
"1 j 6

+,! ,H * ( H M >$1
# 9 /# " dc = /# +,! = $,( I
+;,! ; =; "; +VAL M >$1 + O( I A I
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+; Y# ;1 ; ; ? ;! . ; =; ; + 7! ( d 1 .
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1 ( ?!. = + #"
 A B C D A B C D
1 0 0 0 0 0 :LH
0 1 0 0 0 0 + J
+ J
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0

?!. = + ( 7! M #"

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9 ; g;, 2 ; +; ; +,! = + p FH 5 + # >8 "A +,! + #
M #"; + q +,! + # 9 # " # "1 + + q #"I
" 9 E 1 ^26 +,! + # = +" + 7 ! "E
>; # = 1 +,! + # = +" + 7 ! "E ) * +
"1 "H n
+,! + # # = +,! "E

g, 2 +,! + # + ( 7! M #"
"H n # T q +,! + # +,! = + "7 + d )
#include <mega16.h>
#include <delay.h>

#define steper_motor PORTB

int i;
void main(void)
{
DDRB=0xFF;
for(i=0;i<=500;i++){
steper_motor=0b1000;
delay_ms(5);
steper_motor=0b0100;
delay_ms(5);
steper_motor=0b0010;
delay_ms(5);
steper_motor=0b0001;
delay_ms(5);
};
}

RPM # * , *+!
D" 0 " +O + - +,! # # +,!T+J 8 # RPM 9 +O

* , *+!
+ "1 + G 4 V Hr = + ! 9 " + ><8 ) + 4
; 7 !9 Hr 4 ) * + " ^26 + - +,! "J Hr 9
1 + - +,! "J "1 + - ,
RPM
# +; - +,! "J 9 1 4 ++ " 4 RPM +J 8 = # "E
+< I RPM "J * +,! "E
+; ; ; ; 9; 9 ; " 7; ! #0 64 +,! D+ $
1 ( +' #0 64
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9 " " +,! . / ' + 0 +,! #0 64 F G
+; "; " ;1 "; # ? ! . # +VI = 9$( + E *"
"; H ; # 64 +,! + # *"1 gS # 1 gS +,! + # +,! . / '
. / '+ " ?!. = + 7! M #" "1
" *6 +,!
A B C D A B C D
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
0 0 1 1 :LH 1 0 0 0 %G
0 0 1 0 + J 1 1 0 0 + J
0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

+,! . / ' + " M #"

*+! "
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9; . ; ; ; " +,! + #$ S T
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MOSFET # *+! "
MOSFET Y ; +; ";1 +,! " = M >$1 "
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"1 ULN # ULN 0 +,!

ULN # ULN
* ( H ; "; # ; ;$ mA * ; ; +;,! " 9
"1 > $6 * 3 W# 7 "E 9 ,H
 ULN2002A ,H * ( H # + ! Z M >$1

" *6 9 +S26 M #"

ULN2002A +S26 M #"

;#J ";J ; 0 /# ; # " 3 "$ + <1 s < J ULN200X H

; =; ; ; ";J 9; M >$;1 + "1 7 #
^26 ULN200X H
 M >$1

0 +S26 + "1 2700Ω #J "J ULN2003 (1 0

; ; ; # J ULN (1 0 4 TTL JO / "
" 4 Cmos JO / " 0 +S26 + 10.5K Ω #
; * 6; ULN2002 ; +; ;G ; 5 +,! = S I M >$1
"

ULN2002 + +,! S I M >$1

 # +,! . / ' + + SW " , 6G + "7 + d )
+;,! Q ( / ' + # SW2 " , 6G # "H n + J A
"H n + J :LH #

+,! ) = (1 M >$1

#include <mega16.h>
#include <delay.h>

int i;
void main(void)
{
DDRB=0x00;
PORTB=0xFf;
DDRD=0xFF;
while(1){
if(PINB.0==0){
for(i=0;i<=100;i++){
PORTD=0b1001;
delay_ms(5);
PORTD=0b1000;
delay_ms(5);
PORTD=0b1100;
delay_ms(5);
PORTD=0b0100;
delay_ms(5);
 PORTD=0b0110;
delay_ms(5);
PORTD=0b0010;
delay_ms(5);
PORTD=0b0011;
delay_ms(5);
PORTD=0b0001;
delay_ms(5);
}
}
if(PINB.1==0){
for(i=0;i<=250;i++){
PORTD=0b0001;
delay_ms(5);
PORTD=0b0010;
delay_ms(5);
PORTD=0b0100;
delay_ms(5);
PORTD=0b1000;
delay_ms(5);
}
}

};
}