9425

LOW'M-III
MAMMOCRAPHYSYSTEM
StrRVICtrMANT]AL
M.IIISERVICEMANUAL
LISTOF EFFECTIVEPAGES
PAGE REVISION PAGE REVtStON
Revisionzero (0) indicatesInitial releaseof manual.
REVISION
NUMBER DATE
Thetotalnumberof pagesin thisdocumentis 171. Exceptfor

the initial release, all pages of this doc-unrentwill be
designated with a revisionnumberat the lowerrightcornerof
eachrevisedpage.
\-/
LORAD@ Medicatsystems,
rttc.
This manual is copyrightedwith all rights reserved.Under

copyrightlaws,this manualmaynot be copied,In wholeor part,
withoutthe writtenconsentol LoRADMedlcalsystems,lnc.The
sameproprletaryand copyrightnoticesmust be affixedto any
permittedcoplesas wereafflxedto the original.This exception
doesnot allowcopiesto be madefor others,whetheror not sold,
but all of the matierialpurchased
maybesold,given,or loanedto
anotherperson.Underthe law,copyingIncludestranslatinginto
anotherlanguageor format.
LORAD, Permagridand StereoLocare registered

trademarks
of LORAD MediealSystems,tnc.
@ LORAD MedicalSystems,
rnc. lggo
Eagb Roail, CommscePark
Danbrry, Ct. M870
(203)790-7788
LORAD MEDTzAL
sYsrEMs M-IIISERVICEMANUAL
M.IIISERVICEMANUAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTIONONE - GENERAL INFORMATIONAND INSTALLATION
1.1 ln tr od uctlontotheM-tll . . . . . 1 -1
1.1.1 U n i tD e scri p ti o n ....1- 1

1.1.2 Howto Usethe ServiceManual . . . 1-1
1.1.3 Toolsand Equipment Required . . . 1-2
1.1.4 U n i tL a yo u t.... ....1- 4
1.1.5 S a fe tyWa rn i n g s ....1- 4
1.2 R e c e ivl n g l n stru cti o n s... ...1- 5
1.2.1 U n p a cki n g ...1- 5

'1.2.2 StandardltemsSupplied . . . 1-6
1.2.3 Labelsand ControlNumber
Notationof Compliance . . . 1-8
1.3 l n s t a l l a ti o n ... ..1- 8
1.3.1 In sta l l a ti o nth

o fe R a diationShield ...... 1-8
1.3.2 In p u tP o w e rMe a sur ement.. .....1- 8
1.3.3 InputPowerConfiguration . 1-10
1.3.4 PowerCableConnection . . . 1-10
1.3.5 T a rg e tmA sS e l e ction .....1- 10
1.3.6 o tC sw i tcn C o n fi g ur ation.. .1- 12
1.3.7 Attachment of Accessories . 1-12
1.4 Transferto User . 1-13
1.4.1 InitialTesting 1-13

1.4.2 g j.
U se rT ra i n i n... 1-13
1.4.3 Manualsand Accessories . . 1-14
SECTIONTWO - M-IIISYSTEMCHECKS
2.1 Pr e - Tu rn On C h e cks... .....2- 1
2.1.1 Cabling .....2- 1

2.1.2 R a d i a ti o n S h i e l d ....2- 1
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Revision
LORAD MED.IAL
sYsrEMs M.IIISERVICEMANUAL
(Tableof Contentscontinued)
2.1.g Me ch a n i caInl te g ri ty ......2- 1

2.1.4 A u to -A p e rtu re a n dFixedAper tur es .....2- 1
2.2 P o w er-U p C h e cks .....2- 1
2.3 M e n u /F ro n tP a nC
e lo n tro l sC hecks ......2- g
2.3.1 P o w e r-U p C R T D i splay... ......2- 3

2.3.2 C u rso rK e yF u n cti on.. ....2- 3
2.3.3 E n tryK e yp a d F u n c tion... ......2- 4
2.3.4 D a te /T i me C l o ck ....2- 4
2.3.5 E xp o su re C o n tro
K el ys. ...2- 4
C - A r mF u n cti o n aCl h e cks ...2- 4
2.4.1 C-ArmUP and DOWN . . .. Z-4

2.4.2 C -A rmR o ta ti o n .....2- 5
f n t e r l o cks ......2- s
2.5.1 C -A rmS a fe tyS w i tch ......2- s

2.5.2 A p e rtu re l n te rl o ck ...2- 5
2.5.3 D o o rl n te rl o ck.. ....2- 6
2.6 A c c e s so ryD e te cti o n a n d R ecognitlon ....2- 6
2.6.1 lmageReceptorDetection . . 2-6

2.6.2 B u ckyR e co g n i ti o n... ....2- 6
2.6.3 Ma g T ra y/S te re o Detection ......2- 7
2.6.4 L o ca l i za ti o n T ra yRecognition
... ......2- 7
C o m pre ssi o n S yste m0 h e cks .....2- 8
2.7.1 Mo to ri ze d C o mp ressionDr ive ....2- 8

2.7.2 Ma n u aCl o mp re ssi on .....2- 8
2.7.3 Compression ThicknessDisplay . . 2-g
2.7.4 C o mp re ssi o n R e l easeM odes ....2- g
2.8 F o o t sw i tch ch e ck ....2- 9
2.9 P r f n t erGh e ck ...2- 9
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Revision
LORAD MED.IAL
sysrE*s M.IIISERVICEMANUAL
2.10 X.RayTubeCurrentCheck 2-10

2.10.1 mA Measurement
Setup 2-10
2.11 Tube VoltagepotentialCheck 2-13
2.11.1 Checkprocedure
TubePotential 2-13
2.12 AutomaticExposureControlCheck 2-15
2.12.1 AEC CheckProcedure 2-15
2.13 Bucky Grid PerformanceCheck 2-16
2.14 CheckingHalf VatueLayer 2-17
2.15 checking Reproducibitity
and Llnearity- ManualMode 2-18
2 . 1 6 c h e c k i ng R e p ro d u c|b i |i tya n dLinear ity- Auto.T|meMode 2-20
2-17 checktng Reproducibttity
and Ltnearity- Auto-KVMode 2-21
2.18 Timing Accuracy- ManuatMode 2-22
2.19 MaximummAs In Auto-TimeMode 2-23
2-20 checklng the x-Ray shietding of the tmage ReceptorTray 2-24
2.21 Checklngthe X-RayShietdingof the Tubehead 2-26
2.22 Light Fleld 2-26
2.22.1 LightFieldiltuminance
Test . 2-26
2.22.2 LightFieldAtignmentCertification. . . 2-29
2.22.3 Verification
of X-RayBeamAlignment 2-32
2.23 Checklngthe ExposureCounter 2-35
SECNONTHREE- X.RAYCONTROLTHEORYOF OPERATION
3.1 Introduction 3-1
ill Revision
- 10
LORAD MED.zAL
fiable of Contents
continued)
3.2 P o w erD i stri b u ti o n ... ......3- 1
3.2.1 InputPowerPanel . . 3-1

3.2.2 l so l a ti o n T ra n sfo r m et... ..3- 2
3.2.3 S yste mA C .. ......3- 2
3.2.4 S yste mD O.. ......3- 3
M i c r op ro ce sso rB o a rd ......3- 4
3.3.1 C R T l n te rfa ce .. ....3- 4

3.3.2 K e yb o a rd l n te rfa ce ..3- 6
3.3.3 C -A rmK e yp a d l n ter face ...3- 6
3.3.4 E xp o su re C o n tro l ...3- 9
3.3.s C-ArmAngleDisplayDriver . 3-15
3.3.6 C-ArmStatusInputs . 3-15
3.3.7 P ri n te rl n te rfa ce ....3- 1 5
3.3.8 R e a lT i me C l o ck ....3- 1 5
T u b eGo n troBl o a rd ...3- 17
3.4.1 AnodeMotorControl . 3-17

3.4.2 F i l a me n tS u p p l y ....3- 1 9
3.4.3 F i l a me n tC o n tro l
S i gnals ...3- 1 9
3.4.4 FilamentRegulation . 3-21
3.5 H i g h V o l ta g e Ge n e ra to r.. ...3- 22
3.6 A u t o ma ti cE xp o su re C o n trCir
ol cuit .....3- 25
3.6.1 AEC SensorBoard . . 3-25

3.6.2 AEC SignalPath- Microprocessor Board . 3-26
3.6.3 A E C S i g n aPl ro ce ssing... .3-26
3.6.4 A U T O-T IME Mo d eExposur eTer mination... ...3- 26
3.6.5 A U T O-K V Mo d e Exposur eTer m ination... ....3- 27
In te rl oc k C l rc ui ts .....3-28
3.7.1 Radiation Shieldlnterlock . . 3-28

3.7.2 C-ArmSafetySwitch . 3-28
3.7.3 A p e rtu re l n te rl o ck ...3- 2 8
IV - 10
Revision
LORAD MED.,AL
THEORYOF OPERATION
SECTIONFOUR- ELECTROMECHANICAL
4.1 Bor oalr d

G- Arm D rl v e,P ow erGont ......4-1
4.1.1 LinearActuatorAssembly . . 4-1

4.1.2 C-ARMUP/DOWNand SafetySwitch . . . 4-1
4.1.3 C-ArmCompression Subsystem . . 4-6
4.1.4 C o mp re ssi o n U P /DOW N/RELEASE... ..4- 8
4.1.5 Compression DriveCircuitDescription . . . 4-10
4.1.6 C o mp re ssi o n S i gTr ansitions...i.
nal ...4- 11
4.1.7 C o mp re ssi o n T h i ckness ...4- 11
4.1.8 C -A rmR o ta ti o n B rake .....4- 12
4.1.9 L i g h tF i e l d ...4- 12
4.2 C -Ar mD etec tors andS w i t c h e s ....4-14
4.2.1 C -A rmA n g l e D e te ctor .....4- 14

4.2.2 C-ArmAccessory DetectBoard . . . 4-18
4.2.3 Auto-Aperture DetectBoard . 4-24
4.2.4 Ma g T ra yD e te ctB oar d ....4- 27
4.2.5 R a d i a ti o n S h i e l d Switch ....4- 27
PROCEDURES
SECTIONFIVE. REMOVALAND REPLACEMENT
5.1 G e n e raIn
l fo rma ti o n ... .....5- 1
5.2 ControlGonsoleCablnetLayout . . . 5-1
5.3 of GontrolConsoleAssemblies
Removaland Replacement . . 5-4
5.3.1 R e a rC o ve r(P u sh bar Cover ) .....5- 4

5.3.2 P anels
L e fta n dR i g h tS i d e ......5- 7
5.3.3 D A T A P OR T K e yb oar dandPanel ......5- 7
5.3.4 RearVerticalTravelAssemblyCoverPanel . . . . 5-7
5.3.5 UpperFrontWA CoverPanel . . . . 5-7
5.3.6 LowerFrontVTACoverPanel . . . . 5-8
5.3.7 HighVoltageGenerator. . . .
5.3.8 L o w V o tta g e P o w er Supply ......5- 9
5.3.9 P o w e rC o n tro B lo a rd ......5- 9
5.3.10 X -R a yT u b e C o n trol Boar d ......5- 9
5.3.11 Mi cro p ro ce sso rBoar d .....5- 9
5.3.12 Peripheral Interface Board . . 5-9
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Revision
LORAD MED,IAL
5.3.13 C R T A sse mb l y.. ...5- 10

5.3.14 InputPowerPanel . . 5-10
5.3.15 P ri n te rP o w e rS u p ply .....5- 10
5.4 C-Ar mA s s embl y Lay out ....5-10

5.4.1 X -R a yT u b e h e a d Assembly ..:.. .5- 1 2
5.4.2 Compression Device . 5-12
5.4.3 l ma g e R e ce p to rT ray .....5- 14
5.4.4 S w i tch e s .....5- 14
5.4.5 Miscellaneous C-ArmComponent Layout . 5-14
5.5 Removaland Replacementof G-ArmComponents . . . . S-15
5.5.1 P a ti e n tH a n d l e .....5- 15
5.5.2 C -A rmS i d e C o ve rs... ....5- 15
5.5.3 C -A rmT o p C o ve r ...5- 15
5.5.4 C -A rmU p p e rR e a rCover ... ....5- 15
5.5.5 C -A rmL o w e rR e a rCover ... ....5- 17
5.5.6 C o mp re ssi o n C a rr iageCover s ....5- 17
5.5.7 TubeheadEnclosure Cover . 5-17
5.5.8 C o mp re ssi o n Mo tor Assem bly ....5- 17
5.5.9 B e a mL i mi ti n g A ssembly ...5- 18
5.5.10 l ma g e R e ce p to rT rayCover ... ..5- 20
5.5.11 AEC PositionDetectorPCB . 5-20
5.5.12 AEC AmplifierPCB . . 5-20
5.5.13 A cce sso ryD e te ctBoar d ...5- 21
5.5.14 X -R a yT u b e ..5- 21
5.5.15 L i g h tF i e l d L a mp ....5- 21
5.5.16 MagTraylStereoDetectorPCB . . . 5-22
5.5.17 R o ta ti o n S e n so rs ..... ...5- 22
5.5.18 Compression Sensor . 5-24
5.5.19 Auto-Aperture Board . 5-26
5.5.20 L o ca l i za ti o n T ra ySensor PCB. ...5- 26
5.5.21 LEDAngleDisplayBoard . . 5-26
5.6 FuseLocatlonsand Ratings . 5-27
SECTIONSIX - CHECKINGAND ADJUSTINGLIGHTFIELD
6.1 General 6-1
VI - 10
Revision
LORAD MEDTIAL
sYsrEMs M-IIISERVICEMANUA
6.2 Itluminanceof Light Field CertificationTest . . . . . 6-1
6.3 L i g h t F i e l d A l i g n me n tC e rti fication... .... 6-3
6.4 L i g h t F i e l d A l i g n me n tP ro cedur es... ....6- 5
6.4.1 L i g h tF i e l d A l i g n ment .....6- 5
SECTIONSEVEN- X-RAYFIELDALIGNMENT
PROCEDURE
7.1 Alignmentof X-RayBeam . . . T-1
SECTIONEIGHT. M-IIIELECTRICAL
CALIBRATION
PROCEDURES
8.1 DAG Referenceand Bucky Offset . . g-1

8.2 K V P Ga l i b ra ti o n ......8- 1
8.3 F i l a me n tC a l i b ra ti o n ...9- 4
8.4 AEC CalibrationProcedure . . g-Z
8.5 CompressionTray
8.5.1 Compression ForceCalibration . . . 8-10

8.5.2 C o mp re ssi o n T h i cknessCalibr ation.. ...8- 10
8.6 B u c k yOa l i b ra ti o n .....9- 11
8.7 AccessoryDetectCalibration . B-11
8.7.1 AccessoryDetectCalibration
Procedure . . 8-12
SECTIONNINE- M-IIIMECHANTCAL
CALIBRATION
PROCEDURES
9.1 C o m pre ssi o n T ra yC h a i n T ension

Adjustm ent.... .... g-1
vtl Revision
- 10
LORAD MED.IAL
9.2 SensorAdjustment
Compression 9-2
9.3 RotatlonSensorAdjustment. . . 9-3
9.4 Localization
TraySensorAdjustment. . . 9-3
M-IIISERVICEMANUAL
LISTOF FIGURES
SECTIONONE:
Figurel-1: T h e M-l l lU n i t. .....1- 3

Figure1-2: Compliance Labelsand ldentification
Plate. .... 1-7
Figurel-3: E xte n d e d R a d i a ti onShield ...... 1- 9
Figure1-4: M-lllInputVoltageConfiguration . . 1-11
SECTIONTWO:
Figure2-l: M-l l lA p e rtu re s. ....2- 2

Figure2-2: WaveformPatterns . . 2-12
Figure2-3: HighVoltageGenerator TestWell . 2-14
Figure2-4: lmageReceptorTrayTest Points . . 2-25
Figure2-5: T u b e h e a d T e stP o ints .....2- 27
Figure2-6: LightFieldTestAreas . . . . . 2-28
Figure2-7: Coned-DownAperture 2-30
Figure2-8: Coned-Down lmageon Tray . . . . . 2-31
Figure2-9: L OR A DF i e l d A l i g n mentTemplate
. .....2- 33
SECTIONTHREE:
Figure3-1 M-l l lC R T l n te rfa ceSignalling ....3- 5

Figure3-2: KeyboardInterface and lnputPowerSignals . . . 3-7.
Figure3-3: M-lllExposure Sequence . . 3-10
Figure3-4: ExposureTimingDiagram . . 3-12
Figure3-5: C-ArmAngleDisplayDrive . 3-16
- 10
Revision
LORAD MEDTIAL
sYsrEMs M-III SERVICEMANUAL
(List of Figurescontinued)
Figure
3-6: AnodeMotorControlSignalling . . . 3-18
Figure
3-7: F i l a me n tC o n tro
S i gl nals ...3- 20
Figure
3-8: HighVoltageGenerator ControlSignals . . 3-24
Figure
3-9: A u to ma ti cE xp o su reContr ol
Signals ....3- 27
Figure
3-10: In te rl o ckS i g n a l s ....3- 29
SECTIONFOUR:
Figure4-1: LinearActuatorAssembly . . 4-2

Figure4-2: ActuatorControlSignals . . . 4-3
Figure4-3: C o mp re ssi o n C o nSignals
tr ol .....4- 5
Figure4-4: C o mp re ssi o n C a rriageAssem bly... ....4- 7
Figure4-5: C o mp re ssi o n T h i c knesslnter faceSignals ...... 4- 9
Figure4-6: RotationBrakeControlSignals . . . 4-13
Figure4-7: Collimator LampSignals . . . 4-15
Figure4-8: DetectorBoardsand Signals. . . . . 4-16
Figure4-9: C-ArmAngleDetectorSignals . . . . 4-17
Figure4-10: C-ArmAccessoryDetectSignals . . 4-19
Figure4-11: BuckyInterface Signals . . . . 4-21
Figure4-12: A u to -A p e rtuDree te ctSignals .....4- 23
Figure4-13: MagTray DetectSignals . . . 4-26
Figure4-14: Radiation ShieldSwitchSignal . . . 4-27
SECTIONFIVE:
F i g u r e5 - 1 : ControlConsolePCBiPrinter Locations . . 5-2

Figure5-2: ControlConsolePCBLocations, HighVoltageGenerator,
a n d l so l a ti o n T ra n sfor mer .. .....5- 3
Figure5-3: ControlConsoleComponenUCover Removal . . . 5-5
Figure5-4: ControlConsoleComponenVOover Removal(continued) . . . . . 5-6
Figure5-5: C-ArmAssemblyLocation . . 5-11
Figure5-6: Compression Deviceand SingleCollimator Blade . . . . . 5-13
Figure5-7: C -A rmC o mp o n e n VCover Removal .....5- 16
Figure5-8: C-ArmComponent & DetectorBoardLocations . 5-19
Figure5-9: R o ta ti o n A n g l e P o tentiom eter ....5- 23
F i g u r e5 - 1 0 : RotationPotentiometer Assembly . 5-24
F i g u r e5 - 1 1 : Compression Potentiometer . 5-25
F i g u r e5 - 1 2 : Compression PotentiometerAssembly ... 5-25
Figure5-13: F u se L o ca ti o n sa n dRatings .....5- 28
tx - 10
Revision
LORAD MEDT>AL
sYsrEMs M.IIISEBVICEMANUAL
(List of Figurescontinued)
SECTIONSIX:
Figure6-1: ReceptorTray LightFieldTestPoints 6-2

Figure6-2: Coned-Down FixedAperture 6-2
Figure6-3: Coned-Down ApertureProjected
LightField 6-4
Figure6-4: CollimatorLightAlignmentSample 6-6
Figure6-5: LightFieldBracketAdjustment .....:.. 6-8
SECTIONSEVEN:
F i g u r e7 - 1 : LORADFieldAlignment Template. 7-3

Figure7-2: BeamLimitingAssemblylncluding
the M-lll 18x24cm Auto-Aperture
. 7-4
Figure7-3: M-lll24x30cm FixedAuto-Aperture
.. 7-6
SECTIONEIGHT:
F i g u r e8 - 1 : HighVoltageGenerator
Adjustment
Points 8-3
Figure8-2: WaveformPatterns 8-6
Figure8-3: AEC Calibration
Flowchart 8-9
SECTIONNINE:
Figure9-1: C o mp re ssi o n T ra yChainTensionAdjustm ent.... .... 9- 1

Figure9-2: Compression Potentiometer Adjustment
Location . . . . . 9-2
- 10
Revision
LORAD MED.IAL
sYsrEMs M.III SERVICEMANUAL
M-IIISERVICEMANUAL
LISTOF TABLES
SECTIONONE:
Table1-1: ..
51 DIPSwitchConfiguration . . . 1-12
SECTIONTWO:
Table2-1: X-RayTubeCurrentReadings. . . . 2-11

Table2-2: AEC Exposure
TestSettings . . . . . 2-16
xl 10
LORAD MED.,AL
SECTIONONE:
GENERALINFORMATION
AND INSTALLATION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
TO THE M.III
The LORAD M-lll combinesLORAD Clean Power Mammographytechnologywith an

easy-to-operate,
fully-controllable system.Thefull-featured
computer systemprovidesmanualor
automatic
x-raycontroland accommodatesa full rangeof options.
1.1.1 Unlt Descriptlon
TheM-lll,featuresthreemenu-driven exposure modes(Manual, Auto-Time,andAuto-KV)

and is equippedwith a dual focal spot x-raytube.The unit accommodates all LORAD
manufactured attachments suchas the cassetteholders,compression trays,localization
tray,BuckygridsandPermagrids,
trays,magnification andtheStereoLoc Localization
and
BiopsySystem.
M-lll mechanical operations

as well as the x-raysystemoperations
are controlled
and
monitoredby the internalcomputer
systemwiththestatusof eachoperationdisplayedon
the CRTscreen.
The M-lll controlsystemcontainsdiagnosticroutinesthat monitorsystemoperation

before,during,and afterx-rayexposure.lf a malfunction
is detectedby the diagnostic
system,furtheroperationis preventeduntil the detectedfault is cleared,and a fault
messageis displayedat the bottomof the CRT.
1.1.2 How to Use the ServiceManual
The M-lll ServiceManualhas nine sections.The nine sectionscontainthe following

information:
Section1: Generalsystemdescriptions
and the informationnecessaryfor a qualified
technician and preparethe systemfor operation.
to unpack,assemble,
Section2: Generalsystemchecksas wellas certification

tests.
Section3: Descriptions
of the x-ray exposurecircuits,circuitinteractions,
and signal
routing.
of the M-lll'selectro-mechanical
Section4: Descriptions functions.
Page1- 1 Revision- 0
LORAD MED.IAL
\--'
Section5: Location,
removal,andreplacement
instructions
for M-lllcomponents,
boards,
sensors,etc.
Section6: M-llllightfieldilluminance
andalignment
tests.
Section7: Directions
for x-raybeamalignment,
afterreplacingthe x-raytube.
procedures
Section8: Electricalcalibration for systemsetup,x-ray tube currentand
voltage,etc.
Section9: Mechanical for the M-lll.

adjustments
Systemtroubleshooting canbe performed usingthecircuitdescriptions

in Section3, which
tracethecircuitinteractions
foreachmachinefunction, andSection4 whichdescribes the
electro-mechanical deviceand circuitinteractions.
In addition,performingthe calibration
procedures will oftenidentifya failedassembly.
Replacement of someelectrical
assemblies requiresthatthe corresponding
certification
procedureand, if necessary,
the alignmentand calibration
procedurebe performedto
verifythe machine'sconformanceto specification.
1.1.3 Tools and EquipmentRequired
The followingis a listof toolsnecessary

for servicing
the M-lll unit.
1. standardhandtools;
2. (1 .6mm )leadsheet;
1 i 1 6 -i n ch
3. hex key set;
4. 1/16-inch (1.6 mm)leadsheetwitha 2.4-inch
(6 cm)diameterholein it;
5. meterstick;
6. lightmeterprobe;
7. DC voltagedivider;
8. fieldalignment template;
9. 3-1/2digitvolt-ohm-multimeter;
10. oscilloscope;
11. VictoreenModel660 radiationratemeter with660-1probeor equivalent;
12. 100sq cm radiation scatterprobe;
13. 4-inchmirroror reflective tape.
Page1-2 Revision- 0
LORAD MED.,AL
sYsrEMs M.III SERVICE MANUAL
PATIENTI-{ANDLE
I-IADIATION
I
"''""''1,'""'I
u",|,#uo..
|'^Hlgi,l'^'
a+'_, DATAPORT
SCREEN
FIXED
APERruRE
I
I
COMPRESSION
CARR|AG
+
E -------------->
cil?culT
BREAKER
& INPUT
C-ARM POWERPAAIEL
PVOTruBE
FOOT
BRAKE
Figure1-1:The M-lllUnlt
Page 1-3 Revision- 4

LORAD MEDtcALsysrEMs M.IIISERVICEMANUAL
1.1 .4 Unit Layout
System picturedin Figure 1-1 consistsof three major

The M-lll Mammography
assemblies:
the DATAPORTCRTscreen,ControlConsole,and the C-Arm.
The CRTdisplaysall x-rayexposureoptionsand selections in Manual,Auto-Time,

and
Auto-kVexposuremodes.Data lines on the screen list the status of mechanical
operations(specifically,
C-Arm angle, compressiontray height, and presenceof
attachments).
The CRT is installedon top of the ControlConsole.
The ControlConsolecontainsthe DATAPORTkeyboard,the x-ray exposuredrive

compo.nents,
C-Armrotationsensors,and a linearactuatorassemblythat drivesthe C-
Armup anddown.The microprocessor,systemAC/DCpowersupplies, and a printerare
alsohousedin the ControlConsole.
The unitis mountedon two wheelsand two casters.An inputpowerreceptacle on the

ControlConsoleoppositethe DATAPORT keyboardconnectsthe unitto an AC power
source.The CRT video cablefrom the microprocessor and the AC power cord are
mountedin an enclosureat the rightrearof the M-lll.A systemcircuitbreakeris mounted
just abovethe receptacle.
The C-Armhousesthe x-raytubeand beamlimitingassembly, the breastcompression

device,C-Armcontrolkeypads,the imagereceptortray,and the accessorysensorsand
AEC sensorbuiltintothe imagereceptortray.
1 .1.5 Safety Warnings
Page1-4 Revision- 4
LORAD MEDT>AL
1.2 RECEIVINGINSTRUCTIONS
1.2.1 Unpacking
The LORADunitis shippedcratedon its two wheelsand two casters.Uponreceipt,all

cratesandboxesshouldbe inspected forexternaldamagethatmayhaveoccurred during
shipment.lf any damageis evident,have it notedon the shippingmanifestand notify
LORADof the incident.lf shippingdamageis of a concealednature,contactthe carrier
as soon as such damageis found,and requestan inspectionfor shippingdamage.
Normally,
anyclaimsfor shipping damagemustbe completed within15 daysof receiving
theshipment.
Uponreceipt,all cratesandboxesshouldbe opened,andtheircontentscheckedagainst

the packinglistandsalesorder.Anydiscrepancies shouldbe reportedto LORAD.lf it is
necessary usethe originalpackaging
to re-boxanyitemsfor futureinstallation, materials.
Do not storethe radiation
shieldflat.
Page1-5 Revision- 4
I LORAD MEDtcALsysrEMs M-IIISERVICEMANUAL
1.2.2 Standardltems Supplled
1. M-lllSeriesMachine
withCRTMonitor;
2. Radiation
Shield;
3. OperatorManualand ServiceManual;
4. lnputPowerCable;
5. FixedApertureAssemblies:
a) 18 x 24 I 24 x 30 cm Auto-Aperture;
b) 1 Conned-Down
Aperturefor Magnification/Conned-Down
Studies;
c) 1 SpotAperturefor Magnification/Conned-Down
Studies.
6. Tray(10 lnch/2Scm);
PlasticCompression
7. Tray(4 lnch/10cm);
PlasticCompression
8. Localization (4 lnch/l0cm);
Tray- Perforated
\---l
9. FrontLoadingCassetteHolder- 18 x 24 cm;
10. FrontLoadingCassetteHolder- 24 x 30 cm;
11. SideLoadingCassetteHolder- 18 x 24 cm;
12. 2 DualCompression
Footswitches
and Y-connector;
13. LORADSinglePassBuckyGridDevice(18x 24 cm);
14. 1.8XMagnification
Tray;
15. AbdomenShield;
16. FaceShield.
Page1-6 Revision- 4
LORAD MED.zAL
1 Main ldentification Plate

2 X-Ray Tube Compliance Label
3 H.V. Generator Compliance Label
4 Beam Limiting Device Compliance Label
5 X-Ray Control Compliance Label
6 Image Receptor Support Device Compliance Label
Figure 1-2:ComplianceLabelsand ldentificationPlate
Page1-7 Revision- 6
LORAD MED.IAL
1.2.3 Notationof GomplianceLabelsand ControlNumber
The M-lll conformsto all applicable FDA regulations.Labelsaddressing

the certifiable
components are fixedto the unit at severalpoints,as shownin Figure1-2.The main
identification
label,containingthe equipment modelnumber,serialnumber,and control
number,is locatednearthe inputpowerreceptacle.
Compliancelabelsare locatednearthe powercord entrance,insidethe HighVoltage

Generator
cage,behindthe tubehead, and nearthe controlpanel.
Obtainthe machine's controlnumberfromthe mainidentification

label(Figure1-2),and
writeit downon the insidecoverof boththeOperator's
andServicemanuals. Thecontrol
numberis usedto trackunitsfor warrantyand servicepurposes,and will be requested
shouldit becomenecessary to contactLORADregardingthe machine.
1.3 INSTALLATION
1.3.1 Installationof the RadiationShield(Figure1-3)
To mountthe radiation shield,firstpositionit nextto the columnon the rightsideof the

unit,whilerestingit at its base.Alignits hingepinswiththe holesof the hingefixtureson
the column,then lowerthe shieldintoplace.An easymethodis to supportmuchof the
door-likeshield'sweighton onetoe whilemaneuvering it withthe toe and bothhandsto
alignbothpinswiththe hingefixtureholes.
1.3.2 lnput PowerMeasurement
Beforeconnecting the M-lllto a sourceof 230-voltAC power,firstmeasurethe voltage

at theoutletreceptacle. Evaluate therangeof voltagethatwillnormallybe available
to the
M-lll.lnquireas to anyhistoryof voltagefluctuations or voltagerelatedproblemsthathave
occurredin otherequipment at the site.Oncethe mostprobablevoltagerangehasbeen
determined, the M-lll isolationtransformer can be reconfigured as necessary.
The M-lll is factory-configured

for an inputvoltagerangeof 197.6to 218.4voltsAC.
Page1-8 Revision- 5
LORAD MED.>AL
EXTENDED
RADTATIOITI
SHIELD
Figure1-3: ExtendedRadiationShield
Page1-9 Revision- 0
LORAD MED.zAL
1.3.3 InputPowerGonfiguration
To reconfigure
theisolation
transformer
taps:
1. P E R F OR M
T H ISPROCEDURE
BEFORE POW ERCO R D .
CONNECTING
2. Removethe leftand rightsidecoversfromthe ControlConsole.
3. To accessthe inputside of the isolationtransformer,

removethe four boltsthat
securethe High VoltageGeneratorto the middlerail structure,and slidethe
generator
severalinchestowardthe C-Arm.
4. The inputsideof the isolationtransformer

is the side nearestthe C-Armof the
M-ilt.
5. Configure
the transformer
inputwiringand tap as shownin Figure1-4.
6. Attachthegeneratorin itsformerpositionandreplacethe leftandrightsidecovers

of the ControlConsole.
1.3.4 PowerGableConnection
Firstcheckthatthe inputcircuitbreaker,locatedabovethe inputpowerreceptacleon the

unit'sbackpanel,is in the Offposition.
Then,insertand lockthe matingendof the cable
intothe receptacle.
Plugthe otherend of the cableintothe linepoweroutlet.Do notyet
turnthe inputcircuitbreakernorthe unit'sfrontpanelswitch,ON.
1.3.5 TargetmAs Selection
During the initial unit setup, a pre-selectedexposuretime is set on the M-lll

MicroprocessorBoardas a "window"fromwhichto determine the needto raisethe kV
level.The selectedwindowis indicatedmid-screenon the ExposureControlLinecalled
MASwhenthe Auto-KVexposuremodeis selected(EXPMODE:AUTO-KV).
Page1- 10 Revision
- 11
LORAD MED.zAL
o120
o
198TO 218VOLTSAC
213TO 235VOLTSAC
?28TO2S2VOLTSAC
Figure1-4:'M-lll Input VoltageConflguration
LORAD MED.,AL
(mA in Auto-KVmodeis fixedat 80 for LargeFocalSpotand 20 tor SmallFocalSpot.).

Thethreepossibleexposuretimes,1 second,1.5seconds,or 2 seconds,are pre-setvia
the defaultprocedures
withinthe "UserOptionMenu".
1.3.6 (S1)
Dip SwitchConfiguration
Switch(S1)is an eightpositionDip Switchlocatedon the Microprocessor

Board.Each
switchpositionis set at the factoryand shouldneverbe changed.Table 1-1 (below)
illustrates of eachDipSwitchon S1.
the configuration
Table1- 1:
Sl Dip Switch Configuration
Dip SwitchNumber
Configuration OFF OFF OF F ON OFF OFF OFF OFF
1.3.7 Attachmentof Accessories
A. RemoteCompression
Up/Comoression
DownFootswitch:
Insertthe plugof the remotecompression upicompression intothejack

downfootswitch
on the leftfrontsideof the ControlConsole.Ensurethatthe plugis insertedsecurely,as
far as it will go. lf two footswitches
are to be connected,
usethe suppliedY-connector.
B. LORADBuckv
To mountthe LORADBuckydevice,slideit ontothe irnagereceptor tray.The lockingleaf

springon the Bucky'slowerframerailshouldbe on the rightsidewhenfacingthe C-Arm
fromthe patientposition.
(Theelectrical
connectoron the leftrearof the Buckylocksinto
an electrical
socketon the leftsideC-Armrail).
lf the Buckyelectrical
connectordoesnot inserteasilywhenthe Buckyis slid ontothe
tray,it maybe necessaryto realignthe trayas follows.
(1) Removeor loosenthe 6-32set screwsbeneatheachsideof the imagereceptor

tray'stop coverand slidethe Buckyontothe top of the imagereceptortray while
LORAD MEDTzAL
carefullyattachingthe Buckyarm electrical connectorto the C-Arm.The Bucky

in
connector theC-Arm has some movement as wellas the loosenedreceptor
tray
top; carefullypositionthe two to makethe properBuckyelectricalconnection.
(2) the screwsbeneaththe top coverof the imagereceptortray.Be sure

Re-tighten
the Buckysitsperfectlyflat on the tray beforefinallytightening
eachsidescrew.
c. Assemblv:
CassetteHolderor Permaorid
Mountthe cassetteholderor Permagrid

in the sameway as directedfor the Bucky.
D. StereoLoc
Svstem:
Referto the StereoLocInstallation

Manualsuppliedwiththatdevice.
E. Accessorv:
Compression
Mountthedesiredcompression accessory(tray)ontothecompressioncarriage by aligning

the accessory'spins with the holeson the carriageand pressingit into placeuntila
lockingmotionis felt.
1.4 TRANSFERTO USER
1.4.1 lnitial Testing
Readthe LORADOperator's
Guidebeforeturningthe uniton.
checksdescribed
Readthroughthe operational in Section2 of thismanual.
1.4.2 User Training
Wheninstallationhasbeencompleted, instructthe andinstallation

userin theidentification
and,if requested,
of all accessories outlinethe basicoperation of the M-lll unit.
P a g e 1 -1 3 Revision- 9
I LORAD MED.IAL
1.4.3 Manualsand Accessories
Once installation makesure that all unmountedaccessories

is completed, are stored
safelyin a mannerthatwillpreventanyscratchingor damage.Informthe technologist
of
theirlocation.Placeboththe Operator's
and the ServiceManualsin a securelocation
Ensurethatthe technologistknowsthe locationof the Operator's
Manual.
Paqe1-14 -9
Revision
LORAD MED.zAL
SECTIONTWO:
M.IIISYSTEMCHECKS
2.1 PRE-TURN
ON CHECKS
2.1.1 Cabling
Check that the power input cable is not frayed or otherwisedamaged,and that the
housingsof the connectorsare not crackedor damaged.Be sure both ends connect
securely.
2.1.2 RadiationShietd
Checkthe placementof the radiationshield.Be sure that it blocl<s

the operatorwhen
opened.
\-/ 2.1.3 Mechanicallntegrlty
Ensurethatthe unithas no loosepanels,loosehardware,

jammedor brokenswitches,
dentsor scratches.
2.1.4 Auto-Apertureand FixedApertures
Standardequipment of the M-lllincludesan auto-aperture

for largeand smallfocalspot
exposures (large and smallcassetteholders)and separatefixedaperturesfor D-shaped
spot and coned-downapplications(Figure2-1). Make sure an apertureis mounted
properly,withits plasticfaceplateflushwiththetubeheadhousing.Thesingle-bladebeam
limitingdevicebeneaththe x-rayportaladjuststhe rearedgeof the fixedaperturebeam
pattern.
2.2 POWER.UPCHECKS
After confirmingthe mechanicalintegrityof the M-lll unit and its cabling,connections

and
accessories,placethe circuitbreakerabovethe powercord receptaclein the ON
Page2-1 Revision- 0
LORAD MED.>AL
AUTOAPERTUNE
COTED DOWT APERTUNE
SPOT APERTURE
Figure2-1: M-lll Apertures
Page2-2 Revision- 0
LORAD MEDTIAL
position.Pressthe POWERON pushbutton on the DATAPORT controlpanelto turnthe uniton.

Verifythatthe unitpowersup withouttrippingthe circuitbreaker.
2.3 MENU/FRONT
PANELCONTROLCHECKS
2.3.1 Power-UpCRT Display
Uponturningthe uniton,theDATAPORT "DIAGNOST|CS

screenwillshowthemessage
-- IN PROGRESS".
Within several seconds,the DATAPORTscreen will change to "DIAGNOSTICS

COMPLETE", to pressthe ENTERkeyto proceed.
alongwithan instruction
When the ENTERkey is pressed,the DATAPORTscreenwill changeto its normal

mode,withtheSetupTable,the Exposure
operation ControlLine,andthe MessageArea.
Any selectablemodes,options,or parameters
will havethe samestatusas whenthe
machinewas previously
turnedOFF.
At the rightsideof the ExposureControlLine,the "Standby" will appearfor a

indication
few secondsafter power up and, if the radiationshield is open and an apertureis
installed,will be replacedby the "Ready"indication.
2.3.2 Cursor Key Function
UsebothCURSORkeysto verifythatthe DATAPORT screencursorcanbe movedabout

the itemsin the SetupTable,andto andfromthe ExposureControlLine.
Use the CHANGEkey to verifythatselectable optionsin the SetupTable,for example

EXP MODE,can be toggledfrom Manualto Auto-Timeto Auto-KV,and that when in
Auto-KV,a targetMASvalueappearsafterthe indication (80,120or 160MAS).Confirm
that the targetMAS valueagreeswith the desired"window"for Auto-KVexposures(80
= 1.0second"window"; 120= 1.5second'Window"; and 160=2.0 second"window").
Enterthe USEROPTIONmodeto changethe targetMASvalueif necessary.
Page2-3 Revision- 8
LORAD MED.>AL
2.3.3 Entry KeypadFunction
Usethe CursorKeysto highlight the PATIENTlD dataline.Pressthe "C"keyto clearthe

thenpressENTER,
existingdata,if any.Pressthe keysin the order0-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9,
andverifythat0123456789 appearsas the PATIENTlD. Repeatthistestusingthe Entry
Keypadto enter0123456789 as the TECH lD.
2.3.4 Date/TimeClock
The date and timeshouldappearcorrectlyin the SetupTable,as the RealTimeClock

deviceis battery-backed.
lf the dateand timeare incorrect,
correctthem;then,turnthe
poweroff,wait,afew minutes,and re-power. Confirmthatthe correctdateand timeare
stillshownon the screenwhenit is re-powered.
2.3.5 ExposureControl Keys
Use the CursorKeysto selectEXP MODE,then use the CHANGEkey to selectthe

Manualoption.Cursordownto the Exposure ControlLine.Usethe KV UPandKV DOWN
keysto displaythe kVp rangeof 22 to 39, in 1 kV increments,
on the ExposureControl
Line.Usethe SECONDSUP and SECONDSDOWNkeysto displaythe secondsrange
of 0.1 to 5.0, in .1 secondincrements,
on the Exposure ControlLine.
ChangeEXP MODEto Auto-Time, and cursordownto the ExposureControlLine.Use

the DENSITYUP and DENSITYDOWNkeysto displaythe densityadjustment rangeof
-5 to +5 in singleintegerincrements.
Repeatthe Densityadjustmenttest in Auto-KV
mode.
2.4 C.ARMFUNCTIONAL
CHECKS
2.4.1 C-Arm UP and DOWN
Usethe C-ArmUP and DOWNkeys,locatedon eachof the four7-positionkeypads,and

the 3-positionkeypad,to drive the C-Armup and down.Confirmthat the C-Armdrive
stopsautomaticallyat its upperand lowerlimits,andthat no errormessagesappearon
the screenwhenany of the C-ArmUP/DOWNkeysare pressed.

LORAD MEDT,AL
2.4.2 C-Arm Rotation
A. RotationRelease
Confirmthatwith the powerOFFand turnedON,the C-Arm'srotationalpositionis fixed,

and cannotbe rotateduntil any of the C-ArmROTATIONRELEASEkeys is pressed.
Checkthat,whenanyROTATION RELEASE position
keyis letup,the C-Arm'srotational
is locked.
B. C-ArmAnoleDisplav
Usinga ROTATIONRELEASEkey,rotatethe C-Armfromfull counter-clockwise to full

At eachdetentposition,
clockwise. verifythatthe properangleis displayedon the LED
arrayson both sidesof the verticalcabinet,in additionto the DATAPORTscreen.The
detentpositionsare:
-135 -90 -45 0 +45 +90 +135 +180
2.5 INTERLOCKS
Threeconditions will placethe M-lll intoan interlockfaultcondition,

wherethe "Ready"status
indicator
on the Exposure ControlLinewillbe replaced by "Standby" hasbeen
untilthecondition
clearedby the operator.Whenthe M-lll is in "Standby"status,exposuremode operationis
disabled.Whenthe statuschangesto "Standby"an appropriate errormessagewill alsoappear
in the MessageAreaof the DATAPORT screen.
2.5.1 C-Arm SafetySwitch
Pressupwardon the bottomend panelof the C-Armandconfirmthatthe statusindicated

on the DATAPORT screenchangesto "Standby". An errormessagewill alsobe displayed
in the MessageArea.Checkto confirmthat the C-ArmDOWNkeysare inoperative, but
thatthe C-ArmUP keysstillfunctionto raisethe C-Arm.Pressthe ENTERkeyto clear
the errorcondition.
2.5.2 Aperturelnterlock
Pull the fixed apertureout.from its seatedpositionand confirmthe statuschangesto

"Standby",and the appropriate errormessageis displayedin the MessageArea.Reseat
the fixedapertureand confirmthe returnto "Ready"status.
Page2-5 Revision- 7
LORAD MED.IAL
2.5.3 Door Interlock
Verifythat,withthedoor-likeradiation
shieldopenedoutfromthe console,the statuswill
indicate"Ready".Verifythatclosingthe dooragainstthe consolechangesthe statusto
"Standby".
2.6 ACCESSORY
DETECTION
AND RECOGNITION
Testingthedetectionandrecognition
functions
of the M-lllrequiresthatdifferentaccessories
be
mounted,and correctmachineresponses observed. The accessories necessary are:
1. LORADCassetteHolder18 x 24 centimeter;
2. LORADCassetteHolder24 x 3Qcentimeter;
3. LORADBuckyGrid 1I x 24 centimeter;
4. LORADBuckyGrid24 x 30 centimeter (optional);
5. LORADMagnification Tray;
6. LORADStereoLoc (optional);
7. Pieceof cardboardapproximately
3/4" x 3" in lieu of items5 and 6;
8. Tray(perforated
Localization 4-inch).
2.6.1 lmage ReceptorDetection
A. Insertthe 18 x24/24 x 30 centimeter

auto-aperture
intothe slidebeneaththe tubehead
B. Slidean 18x 24 centimetercassetteholderontothe imagereceptortray.Usingthe Ligh

Field,confirmthatthe apertureswitchesto the 18 x 24 size.
C. Removethe 18 x 24 andmounta2:4x30 centimeter cassetteholderin its place.Using

the Lightfield,confirmthatthe apertureswitchesto the 24 x 30 size.
2.6.2 Bucky Recognition
A. Removethe 24 x 30 cassetteholderand mountthe 18 x 24 Buckyin its place.
B. the Buckyis in place,andthatthe

ConfirmthattheSetupTableGRIDTYPElineindicates
switchesto the 18 x 24 size.
auto-aperture
C. Repeatthe testusinga 24 x 30 centimeter

Bucky,if available.
Page2-6 Revision- 7
LORAD MED.IAL
2.6.3 Mag Tray/StereoDetection
A. Raisethe compression
deviceto its upperlimit.
B. Mountthe Magnification
Trayintothe slotson the frontof the C-arm.
C. Confirmthatthe SetupTableindicatesthe presenceof the MagTray,and thatthe Spot

Sizeselectionchangesautomatically
to Small.
D. in its place.
Removethe MagTrayand installthe StereoLoc
E. thepresenceof the StereoLoc

Confirmthatthe SetupTableindicates device,andthatthe
SpotSizeselectionautomatically
changesto Large.
F. lf the Stereolocdeviceand MagTrayare not available, thissectionof the M-lll can be

verifiedby usinga smallpieceof cardboard to blockthe opticalsensorsjust insideand
belowthe left side Mag Tray slot. Blockingthe front sensorwill give the Mag Tray
indications;blockingthe rearsensor,or bothsensors,willgivethe Stereolocindications.
2.6.4 LocalizationTray Recognition
A. Flemove the StereoLoc

or Magnification
Tray,lowerthecompression andmount
carriage,
a 4-inchperforated
Localization
Trayon the compression
carriage.
B. Confirmthatthe SetupTableRELEASEselectionindicates'LOCKEDOUT'.
C. Pressone of the COMPRESSION

RELEASEkeys;verifythat no movementof the
compression
carriageoccurs.
D. Removethe Localization
Tray and installthe 4-inchcompression
tray (no holes)in its
place.
E. Confirmthatthe RELEASEselection
doesnot changeto "LOCKEDOUT'.
Page2-7 Revision- 7
LORAD MED.IAL
2.7 COMPRESSION
SYSTEMCHECKS
2.7.1 MotorizedCompressionDrive
A. Mounta LORADlmageReceptor on the imagereceptor plate

tray.Mounta compression
on the compression
carriage.
B. lf necessary,change the DATAPORT'sCOMPRESSIONRELEASEselectionto

"MANUAL-.
C. Usingoneof theCOMPRESSION DOWNkeys,drivethecompression

carriage
downonto
a rolledup towelplacedon the imagereceptor.
D. Confirmthatthe compression carriagestopsautomatically,

andthatno upwardmovement
occursafterit stops.Checkthatthe handwheelsdo not rotate(upwards)afterthe carriage
stops.
E. Press one of the COMPRESSION RELEASEkeys,and verifythat approximately 6

centimeters
of upwardmovementof the carriageoccursbeforethe carriageautomatically
stops.
F. Pressoneof the COMPRESSION UP keysto verifythatthecarriagemovesupwardwhile

the key is depressed,and stopswhenthe key is released.
G. Repeatthe abovestepsusingall four sets of C-armkeypads.
2.7.2 ManualCompression
A. Usinga COMPRESSION platedownontoa rolledup

DOWNkey,run the compression
towelon top of the imagereceptor.
B. Afterthemotorized compressiondrivestallsandstops,rotatethecompression
handwheel,
firstslightlyin the upwarddirection,
and thendownwardagainstthe towel.
C. Checkthatthe handwheel turnshardin the upwarddirection,

andeasierin thedownward
directisn.Confirmthat, after turningthe handwheelto apply more force,no upward
slippageof the compression carriageoccurs.
Page2-8 Revision- 7
LORAD MED.IAL
2.7.3 CompressionThicknessDisplay
A. With a Loradimagereceptorin place on the imagereceptortray, confirmthat, as the

compression carriageis movedup and down,usingeitherthe motorizedmodeor the
manualhandwheel, that the thicknessbetweenthe top of the imagereceptorand the
bottomof the compression accessoryis displayedcorrectlyin the SetupTable.
2.7.4 CompressionReleaseModes
A. With the compressiondeviceapplyingpressureto the rolledup towel,changethe

DATAPORT's RELEASEselection andchangethe EXPMODEto Manual.
to Automatic,
Set the exposureparameters
for 0.1 secondat22kYp.
B. thenstepbehindthe protective
Closethe beamdepthslidecompletely, radiation
shield
and pressthe X-RAYpushbutton
to makean exposure.
c. Confirmthat, as the exposureends, the compressioncarriageautomaticallymoves

upwardapproximately and then stops.
6 centimeters
2.8 FOOTSWITCH
CHECK
A. Pluga footswitchinto the jack providedand verifyproperoperationof Compression

Up
and Compression Down functions when the pedals
footswitch are pushed.
2.9 PRINTERCHECK
A. Usingthe cursorkeys,selectthe PRINTERlinein the SetupTableand usethe Change

keyto turnthe printer'ON'.
B. is printeduponits completion.
Takean exposureandverifythatallthe correctinformation
Page2-9 Revision- 7
LORAD MEDT>AL
2.10 X.RAYTUBECURRENT
CHECK
The M-lll selectsand regulates x-raytubecurrentas a functionof kVp.X-raytubecurrentcan

be checkedas a voltagedropacrossa 10-ohmresistoron a smallcircuitboardmountedon the
terminalblockdirectlybehindthe x-raytube.Thevoltagedropacrossthe resistoris proportional
(a ratioof 1:100)to x-raytubemA.The M-lllhastwo regulated currentsettings(mAstations)
for
eachfocalspot,for a totalof four.To checkthetubecurrent,performthefollowing steps.NOTE:
Measuring the currentrequiresthe makingof x-rayexposures.
2.10.1 mA MeasurementSetup
1. Withthe M-lll powerOFF,removethe top panelfromthe C-Armto gain accessto the

measurement point.
2. Connecta voltmeteracrossFt42on the TubeControlBoard.
3. ConnectChannel1 of a storageoscilloscope end of the 10 ohm

to the ungrounded
resistoron theterminalblockbehindthe tubehead.Connecttheprobeground
calibration
to the otherend of the resistor.
4. TurnpowerON,andpressthe ENTERkeywheninstructed.
Selectoption1. 'FILAMENT
CALIBRATION"fromthe menu.
5. The SMALLFOCALSPOT- 22kV DACnumberwill be displayed.

UsingkV UP/DOWN,
presetthe numberto 100.
6. Checkthe voltageon the meterconnectedacrossn42. lt shouldread 0.5400volts,

a standbycurrentot 2.5 amps(.5400V+ .22Q= 2.4 amperes).
indicating
7. Disconnect
the meter.
8. to acquireand storea singlesweep.

Set the oscilloscope
LORAD MED.IAL
Set the scopecontrolsas follows:
Trigger: Channel1
Vertical: DC Volts0.1/division
(forSmallFocalSpottests)
(for LargeFocalSpottests)
DC VoltsO.2/division
Horizontal: 50 milliseconds,
SingleSweep
9. Set the unitfor 1 second,22 kV, manual,smallfocalspot.Pressthe X-RAYbuttonand

examinethe acquiredwaveform.An exampleof the idealwaveformis shownin Figure
2-2.
A. Thewaveformamplitude is 1/100of thetubecurrent.For a22kY smallfocalspot

exposure,the waveform shouldbe 0.2 volts.Referto Table 1 for voltagesat the
remainingkV/focalspot settings. lf the waveform amplitudeis below the
increasethe DAC number,if the waveformamplitudeis abovethe
specification,
decreasethe DAC number.The DAC numberis increasedor
specification,
decreased usingthe KV UP/DOWNkeys.
B. Examinethe leadingedgeof thewaveformfor under-or over-shoot, as illustrated

in Figures2and 3. The DACnumbershould be increased(to cureundershoot),
or decreased(to cureovershoot)
in smallincrements(usually1 or 2).
C. lf the currentmeasuredis stable,but not at the specifiedlevelfor the givenspot

sizeand kV, adjustR82 (mASenseCal)on the HighVoltageGenerator and try
the shotagain(CW lowerscurrent;CCWraisescurrent).
10. pressthe CLEARkeyto moveon to the

Whencurrentfor thefirstkV hasbeencalibrated,
aboveuntilall kV (upto 34) stationshavebeen
nextkV step,and continueas instructed
calibratedusingboththe LARGEand SMALLfocalspots.
TABLE 2.1
LargeFocalSpot Small FocalSpot

kvp mA VoltageReading mA VoltageReading
25 80 0.8 volt 20 0.2 volt

31 70 0.7 volt 17 0.17v ol t
THATVARYPLUSOR MINUS3% FROMTHE

READINGS
READINGS IN THETABLEAREACCEPTABLE.
SPECIFIED
LORAD MED.>AL
Note:
Wave forms shown are for
8O mA. Adjust oscilliscope
accordingly for other mA levels.
ADJUSTMENT CORRECT
80 mA
60 mA
40 mA
20 mA
Om A
,1 .2
Scc 3c
DAC TOO LOW
80 mA
60 mA
40 mA
2{) mA
Om A
.t .2
s.c 8rc
DAC TOO HIGH
.1 -2
Sac 3e
Figure2-2:WaveformsPatterns
Paoe2-12 Revision- 9
LORAD MED.zAL
CHECK (Figure2-3)
2.11 TUBEVOLTAGEPOTENTIAL
Checking TubeVoltagerequires the useof a highvoltagedivider,a DVM,anda LORADadapter

cableto connectthe dividerto the testwellon the M-lll HighVoltageGenerator.
2.11.1 Tube PotentialCheckProcedure
A. Ensurethat systempoweris turnedoff. Removethe leftand rightsidecoversfromthe

ControlConsole.Allowsufficienttimefor the highvoltagecapacitorto discharge.A neon
bulbinsidethe generator cageindicates whilethe
the chargeconditionof the capacitor;
red bulbis glowing,the capacitor
is chargedto over100volts.Allowthe red bulbto stop
glowing,thenwaitfiveadditional minutesbeforecontinuing.
B. Connecta DC voltmetertothe low-voltage terminals or 1,000:1voltage

of a 10,000:1
divider,and positionthe meterwhereit canbe readfrombehindthe protective
radiation
shield.
c. Connectthegroundterminalof thevoltagedividerto thechassisgroundstud(TP4)at the

cornerof the HighVoltageGenerator. Usingthe LORADHighVoltageAdapter,connect
the free end of the highvoltagedividertest cableto the highvoltagetest well on the
generator(Figure2-3).Referto Section5 for instructionson accessingthe generator.
D. Closethebeamdepthslidein thebeamlimitingassembly andturnthesystem

completely,
oN.
E. Set the systemtora 2second,22 kV exposurein Manualmode.
*,WARNfNG,.,.*
Page2-13 Revision- 9
LORAD MEDI>AL
F. the meterfrombehindtheprotective
Whilemonitoring shield,pressandholdthe
radiation
X-RAYpushbutton to makean exposure.
G. Confirmthatthe meterreadingfallsintothe rangesbelow:
2.156- 2.244volts(usinga 10,000:1divider)

TEST
WELL
Figure 2-3: High VoltageGeneratorTest Well
LORAD MED.>AL
H. Set the systemfor a2 second,34kV exposurein Manualmode.
t. the meterfrombehindtheprotective
Whilemonitoring shield,pressandholdthe
radiation
X-RAY pushbuttonto makean exposure.
J. Confirmthatthe meterreadingfallsintothe rangesbelow:
9.322'-9.478volts(usinga 10,000:1divider)
K. kV settings,and confirmthatthe meterreadingsarewithin2T"of their

Selectintermediate
kV settingsdividedby 10,000(usinga 10,000:1divider)or dividedby 1,000(usinga
1,000:1divider).
2.12 AUTOMATICEXPOSURE
CONTROLCHECK
Calibrationof theAEC is performed at the factoryto resultin a consistent1.2density.Checking

the AEC consistsof makingexposuresusingdifferentcombinationsof acrylicphantomsand
verifyingconsistentfilmdensityon the developed to readjustdensityto a
film.lf it is necessary
differentvalueto suit the user,referto Section8.4. The followingitemsare necessaryto verify
AEC performance:
1. Four1-centimeter
thickacrylicattenuators;
2. One4-centimeter
thickacrylicattenuator;
3. FilmDensitometer;
4. SO-177Filmand Min-Rscreencassette.
2.12.1 AEC Gheck Procedure
A. of acrylicon the imagereceptortray.

Placea loadedcassetteunder4 centimeters
B. and FILMTYPE:SO-177.Set the Exposure

Set the M-lll for EXP MODE:AUTO-TIME
ControlLineKVPto 25 KVPand DENSITYto 0.
LORAD MED.>AL
c.
AMakean exposure,
thenremovethe cassetteand developthe film.
D. Measurethe densityof the developed

film.
E. of acrylicin positionon the image

Placethe sameloadedcassetteunder1 centimeter
receptortray.
F. Keepthe machinesettingsas describedin StepB.
G.
AMakean exposure,thendevelopthe filmand measurethe density.Densityshouldagree
withthe readingmadein stepD, withint0.2.
H. Makeexposures
usingthesettingsin theTable2-2,andconfirmthatdensityresultsagree
within+0.2.
TABLE2.2
MODE FILM FOCALSPOT KVP CM.ACRYLIC
AUTO.TIME so-177 LARGE 25 3

so-177
AUTO-TIME
AUTO-KV so-177
LARGE
LARGE 1? 7
7
AUTO-KV so-177 SMALL 4
2.13 Bucky Grld PerformanceCheck
Checkingthe operationof the Buckygrid requiresthat the Buckybe mountedproperlyon the

imagereceptortray.Filmsmustbe exposedanddeveloped duringthistest.lt maybe necessar
to affix2 centimeters
of acrylicbetweenthe tubeheadand the Buckyto ensuresufficient film
density.
P a g e2 -1 6 Revision- 9
LORAD MEDIIAL
A. Make a S-secondexposurewith the C-Arm rotatedto -90 degrees(grid travel in the

film.
pull)andverifythe absenceof grid linesin the developed
directionof gravitational
(Acrylicattenuatorsmayneedto be securedto the top of the Buckyto givean adequate
image.)
B. Re-loadthe cassatteand make a 0.2 secondexposurewith the C-Armrotatedto +90

pull) and verifythe absenceof
degrees(gridtravelagainstthe directionof gravitational
film.
gridlinesin thedeveloPed
HALFVALUELAYER
2.14 CHECKING
This certificationtest measuresthe quantityof x-ray energyattenuatedby passingthrougha

by the filterin the
of x-raytube.performance
specifiedfilter.The test verifiesthe modification
LORADx-raytubehead.
A. Connecta 1Q-square centimeterx-radiation modulewith a

probeto its readouUlogic
in
1g-footcable.SelectExposure Milliroentgens
on the instrument's switch'
function
B. Positionthe compression tray30 centimeters tray.Usefixturing

abovethe imagereceptor
to place the radiationprobe 10 centimetersabovethe image receptortray. Placethe
readouVlogic modulein a positionwhereit can be readfrombehindthe unit'sradiation
shield.
C. Pfacea 1/16-inch (6 cm)in diameter

(1.6mm)thickleadsheetwitha cutoutarea2.4-inch
traY.
on the compression
D. Turnthe systemON and pressthe LIGHTFIELDpushbutton the x-rayfield.

to illuminate
Limitthe beamto approximately the sizeof the probehead,and adjustthe positionsof
the probe and the cutoutin the lead shieldto centerthe radiationdetectorin the beam.
Alignthe surfaceof the probe perpendicular to the beamaxis.
E. Changethe SetupTableoptionsto EXPMODE:MANUALand SPOTSIZE:LARGE.Set

to KVP:30 KVPand EXPTIME:1.0Sec.Makean
the EiposureControlLineselections
reading.
exposureand recordthe milliroentgen

LORAD MED.IAL
F. Coverthe holein the leadsheetwith a 0.3 millimeteraluminumfilter.Usingthe same

techniquefactorsas in StepE above,makeanotherexposure andrecordthemilliroentgen
reading.
G. Multiplythe resultobtainedin StepF by 1.9.The productmustbe largerthanthe StepE

reading.
2.15 CHECKINGREPRODUCIBILITY
and LINEARITY
- MANUALMODE
Thefollowing
testsverifythatthe x-raysystem,including
thecontrolsandx-raytube,is operating
consistently.
A. Connecta 1O-square centimeter x-radiation

probeto its readoutlogic modulewith a
10-footcable.SelectExposurpin Milliroentgenson the readoutlogicmodule'sfunction
switch.Coverthe topof the imagereceptor
traywitha 1/16-inch(1.6 mm)leadsheetand
placethe probeupon it. Positionthe readoutlogicmodulewhereit can be readfrom
behindthe machine'sradiation shield.
B. Turn the systemON. llluminatethe lightfield.Usingthe slide beneaththe tubehead

enclosure,limitthe beamto approximately the size of the probehead.Reposition
the
probeheadto centerits detectorin the beam.Alignthe surfaceof the probeso that it
staysperpendicular to the beamaxis.
c. On the screenSetupTable,selectEXPMODE:MANUALand SPOTSIZE:LARGE.Set

the ExposureControlLinesettingsKVPto 25 KVPand EXPTIMEto 0.6 Sec.Makean
reading.
D. Changethe Exposure ControlLinesettings

forbothKVPandEXPTIME,thenreturnthem
to 25 kVp and 0.6 seconds.Again,make an exposureand recordthe milliroentgen
reading.
LORAD MED.>AL
E. Continueto randomlychangethe ExposureControlLinesettingsfor KVPandEXPTIME.

Thenreturnto 25 kVpand 0.6seconds.Makean exposureand recordthe milliroentgen
reading.Repeatuntilten individual
readingshavebeenobtained.
F. Computethe averageMilliroentgen reading.Subtracteach actual readingfrom the

average,and squareeachdifference. Add the squaresand dividethe sum by 9. Then
takethe squarerootof the result.
G. Dividethe numbercalculated in StepF by theaveragemilliroentgen

readingto obtainthe
coefficient
of variation.'The
coefficient
of variationmustbe lessthan0.0S.
H. Leavethesetupon theimagereceptor trayunchanged,andchangethe Exposure Control

LineKVPand EXPTIMEselections to 25 KVPand 0.2 seconds,respectively.
Makean
readingandthe mAsvaluedisplayedon the unit's
controlpanel.
RepeatStep H, changingthe EXP TIMEto 0.6, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0,2.5,3.0, 4.O,and 5.0.
Recordmilliroentgens
and mAsat eachsetting.
J. DivideeachMilliroentgen
readingby its corresponding
mAsvalue.
K. For eachpair of successive tests(0.2and 0.6 seconds;then0.6 and 1.0 seconds;and

so on),calculatethe differencebetweeneachcorresponding StepJ result.
L. For eachpairof successive

tests,calculate
the sum of eachStepJ result.
M. DivideeachStep K differencevalueby eachStep L sum value.lf the resultfor any pair

failed.
exceeds0.10,the testis considered
LORAD MEDtcALsysrEMs M-IIISERVICEMANUAL
N. RepeatStepsH-Mwiththe Smallfocalspotselectedon the SetupTable.
o. lf the unitfailsany partof the abovetest,firstrecheckall calculations,

then repeatthe
tests(failureto meettheseperformance standards indicatestroublein the HighVoltage
Generator or x-raytube).
and LINEARITY
- AUTO.TIMEMODE
A. Placea 4.3 centimeteracrylicphantomon an emptycassetteon the imagereceptor tray.
Position
the 10squarecentimeter x-radiationprobe ontopof the phantom.Aligntheprobe
position
withtheAECsensorat frontcenteron theimagereceptor tray,andusingthelight
slidethe beamlimitingplateto just coverthe probe.
localizer,
B. ChangetheSetupTableto BACKUPTIME:3.0Sec,EXPMODE:AUTO-TIME,
andSPOT
SIZE:LARGE.Set the Exposure
ControlLine,KVPto 25 KVP.
c. Maketen exposures.
Recordmilliroentgen
and mAs readingsfor eachone.
D. The mAsreadingsshouldbe in the rangeof 40 to 50; milliroentgen

readingsin the range
of 850 to 900.
E. Calculatethe averageMilliroentgen
readingand subtracteach actualreadingfrom the
average.Squareeachdifference. Addthe squaresanddividetheirsum by 9. Thentake
the squarerootof the result.
F. reading.Thequotient,
Dividethe numberobtainedin StepE by theaveragemilliroentgen
calledthe coefficient
of variation,
mustbe lessthan0.05.
G. Removethe probefrom the x-raybeam,leavingthe acrylicand cassetteon the image

receptortray.Changethe SetupTableas follows:BACKUPTIME:2.5 Sec and SPOT
SIZE:LARGE.On the EXPOSURE CONTROL LINE,set KVPto 25.

LORAD MED.IAL
H. Makean exposureand recordthe mAsvaluedisplayed.
l. The mAsvalueshouldbe in the rangeof 37 to 40.
aNdLINEARITY
- AUTO.KVMODE
A. Placea 4.3 centimeteracrylicphantomon an emptycassetteon the imagereceptortray.
Position
the 10squarecentimeter x-radiationprobeon topof thephantom.Aligntheprobe
position
withtheAECsensorat frontcenteron theimagereceptor tray,andusingthelight
slidethe beamlimitingplateto just coverthe probe.
localizer,
B. Changethe SetupTableto BACKUP

TIME:3.0Sec,EXPMODE:AUTO-KV,
andSPOT
SIZE:LARGE.
c.
A RecordMilliroentgen
Maketen exposures. and mAsreadingsfor eachone.
D. The mAsreadingsshouldbe in the rangeof 40 to 50; milliroentgen

readingsin the range
of 850 to 900.
E. Calculatethe averageMilliroentgen
reading,and subtracteach actualreadingfrom the
average.Squareeachdifference. the squaresand dividetheirsum by 9. Thentake
Add
the squarerootof the result.
F. reading.Thequotient,
Dividethe numberobtainedin StepE by the averageMilliroentgen
mustbe lessthan0.05.
of variation,
calledthe coefficient
G. Removethe probefrom the x-raybeam,leavingthe acrylicand cassetteon the image

receptortray.Changethe SetupTableas follows:BACKUPTIME:2.5 Sec and SPOT
SIZE:LARGE.
H.
A
Makean exposureand recordthe mAsvaluedisplayed.
t. The mAsvalueshouldbe in the rangeof 37 to 40.

LORAD MEDT>AL
- MANUALMODE
2.18 TIMINGACCUBACY
The durationof the x-raytube voltagetimingpulsecan be monitoredon an oscilloscope by

measuringx-raytubevoltageas indicated at the lowvoltageterminalsof a voltagedivideror by
measuringthe durationof the KV SENSEanalogsignal.The firstmethodis describedin steps
A throughE and the secondin stepsF throughJ.
A. Set up as describedin Section2.11, Tube VoltagePotentialCheck, but with an

insteadof the DVMon the lowvoltageterminalsof the voltagedivider.
oscilloscope
B. Closethesinglebeamlimitingplatecompletely
andturnthe M-lllon. On the DATAPORT
Setup Table, change EXP MODE to Manualand SPOT SIZE to Large. On the
DATAPORT ExposureControlLine,set KVPto 25 and EXPTIMEto 0.2.
c. Pressand holdthe X-Raybutton,and measurethe widthof the tubevoltagewaveform

betweenthe 80%voltagepoints.Recordthistimeintervalin seconds.
D. RepeatstepC withthe EXPTIMEsetat 0.6,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0,3.5,4.0,4.5,and5.0.
E. Any measured exposuretimethatdiffersfromthe EXPTIMEsettingby morethan5% of

the settingis causefor rejection.
F. to terminalJ207-3(KV SENSE)on the

To useanothermethod,connectan oscilloscope
Microprocessor groundto chassisground,TP7.
board.Connectthe oscilloscope
G. Closethe beamlimitingplatecompletely Setup

andturnthe M-lllon.On the DATAPOHT
Table,changeEXP MODEto Manualand SPOTSIZEto Large.On the DATAPORT
ExposureControlLine,set KVPto 25 and EXPTIMEto 0.2.
LORAD MED.IAL
H. Pressand hold the X-raybutton,and measurethe width of the tube voltagewaveform

fromthe +5 volt pulse.The voltage at J207-3risesto about5 voltswhen kV in the x-ray
tubecircuitreachesabout80%of kVpsetting.Recordthistime intervalin seconds.
l. Repeatthe testat the exposuretimeslistedin stepsD and E. Any measuredexposure

timethatdiffersfromthe EXPTIMEsettingby morethan5% is unacceptable.
2.19 MAXIMUMmAs in AUTO.TIMEMODE
A. Movethe beam depthslide all the way forward(awayfrom the C-Arm)to blockoff the
x-raybeam.Placea leadshieldon the imagereceptortray over the AEC Sensorin the
frontcenterof the tray.Changethe SetupTableSPOTSIZE:Large.
B. ChangeSetupTableoptionsExposureModeto Auto-Time,BackupSecondsto 5.0,Spot

Size to Large,and FilmTypeto OM. On the ExposureControlLine,set KVP to 22 and
DENSITY to +5.
C.
A
Makean exposureand readmAs calculatedon the ExposureControlLineat the end of
the exposuretime.
D. mAsshouldbe 400.
Indicated
E. Errormessages:"X-RayButtonFault"and "BackupTimer"shouldappearat the bottom

of thescreen.lt mustbe impossible theunit
to conductanotherexposurebeforeresetting
usingthe Enterkey.
F. Repeatthe test with kVp set to 34. The mAs readingat the end of the exposureshould
be 300.
G. Uncoverthe AECSensorandopenup the beamdepthslideto includethe sensorin the

x-raybeam.ChangeSetupTableoptions,BACKUPTIMEto 5.0, EXPMODEto AUTO-
TIME, and FILM TYPE to OM. Also set the ExposureControlLine KVP to 25 and
DENSITY to -5.
Page 2-23 - 13
Flevision
LORAD MED.IAL
sYsrEMs M-III SERVICE MANUAL
H. Conductan x-rayexposure.The mAscalculated at the end of the exposureshouldbe a

verysmallnumber,and it mustbe lessthan5.0.
2.20 CHECKINGthE X.RAYSHIELDING

Of thE IMAGERECEPTOR
TRAY
To minimizestrayradiation,
the x-raytubehousingis shieldedwith lead,as is the insideof the
lowerLORADTubeHeadenclosure. Leadshielding withinthe imagereceptor
is alsoincorporated
trayandbehindtheAECsensor.Shielding performance is checkedwiththefollowing procedure.
A. Connecta 100squarecentimeter radiationscatterprobeto the readouVlogic moduleof

a radiationratemeter.SelectEXPOSURE lN MILLIROENTGENS mode.
as the operating
Place the probe on a lead-coveredadjustablestand positionedbeneaththe image
receptortray, and place the readouVlogicmoduleso it can be read from behindthe
protectiveradiationshield.
B. Attacha 18 x 24 cassetteholderto the imagereceptortray and changeSpot Size to

Large.Placea 1/16-inch (1.6 mm)sheetof leadwitha S-inch(12.7cm)diameterholein
it on the imagereceptortray.Slidethis leadsheetto positionthe hole at the position
marked"A" in Figure2-4. llluminate
the lightfieldand adjustthe beamlimitingslideto
closelycorrespondto the hole.
c. Lineup the probebeneaththe tray in the centerof the x-raybeampaththroughthe hole

in the leadsheet.Raiseor lowerthe supportstanduntiltheprobeis exactly5 centimeters
(1-31/32inches)belowthe bottomof thetraystructure. Facethe probe'sdetectorsurface
towardthe x-raysource.
D. Turn the x-raysystemON, and changeSetupTableoptionsSPOTSIZE:LARGEand

EXP MODE:MANUAL.Set the ExposureControlLineselectionsKVP to 34 and EXP
TIMEto 3.0 Sec.
E. Makean exposureand recordthe mR reading.
F. lf the readingexceeds0.10mR,corrective
actionis'indicated.

LORAD MED.IAL
24X 30 cm
HOLDER
Figure2-4:lmageReceptor
TrayTestPoints

LORAD MEDT,AL
G. RepeatstepsB throughF at the positionsmarked"B","C",and "D" in Figure2-4.
H. Mounta24 x 30 centimeter cassetteholderon the imagereceptortray.RepeatstepsB

throughF at the positionsmarked"E", "F","G" and "H" in Figure2-4. Readingsabove
0.10mR indicatereplacement of the cassetteholderis necessary.
2.21 CHECKING
THEX-RAYSHIELDING
OF THETUBEHEAD
A. Usingthe 100-squarecentimeterradiationscatterprobeandradiationratemeterdescribed
in the previousprocedure,
changeratemeter modeto mR/HOUR.Set up an adjustabl
standto holdthe probein positionwithrelationto the tubeheadas shownin Figure2-5.
B. theprobeat eachof thelocations

Position "A"through"H"shownin thefigure(forpositio
"H",rotatethe C-Armso the probecan be positioned For
directlybehindthe tubehead).
each position,the distancebehveenthe probe and the tubeheadsurfacemust be
maintained at exactlyone meter.
2.22 LIGHTFIELD
2.22.1 Light Field llluminanceTest
lntensityand consistency
of the Light Field is checkedby performingthe followin
procedure.
A. lnsertthe auto-aperture
intothe slotbelowthe tubehead.
Slidethe beamdepthslideall
the way back (towards
the C-arm).
B. Placea lightmeterprobeon the imagereceptortraywith its sensorfacingup.
C. At eachlocationshownin Figure2-6,takea background

lightreading(LightFieldlamp
OFF),and anotheronewiththe LightFieldlampON.
D. For each location(quadrant),

convertboththe background and lightedreadingsto lux
values(use the conversiontable on the meteror in the metermanual),and subtrac
background lux fromLightFieldlux.
E. lf the difference in any quadrantis lessthan200 lux,the LightFieldllluminance

Testis
considered failed.
LORAD MED.IAL
sYsrEMs M.IttSERVICEMANUAL
Figure2-5:Tubehead
TestPoints
LORAD MED.IAL
lmageReceptor
Tray
flop Mew)
Figure2-6: Light FieldTest Areas

LORAD MED.>AL
2.22.2 Light Field AlignmentCertification
To performthistest,the followingequipment
will be necessary:
1. 24 x 30 centimetercassetteand film;
2. Straightpiecesof wireor solder'
3. FronfLoading24 x 30.r ."rrrtte holder.
A. Placea loaded24 x 30 centimetercassetteinto a 24 x 30 centimeterfront loading

cassetteholdermountedto the imagereceptortray.
B. Insertthe Coned-Down
SpotAperture(Figure2-7).
c. Turnthe LightFieldON.Movethebeamdepthslideallthewaybackto projectthelighted

areapicturedin Figure2-8.
D. Usingstraightpiecesof wireor solder,accurately

markthe outlineof the lightfieldon the
cassettesurface.
E. change the DATAPORTSetupTabte,EXp MODEto MANUALand SPOT S|ZE to

LARGE.On the DATAPORTExposure
ControlLine,set kvp to 22 andEXPTIMEto 0.6.
F. Step behindthe radiationshield,and pressand hold the X-Raybutton.Removethe

cassetteand developthe film.Comparethe edgesof the imageareawiththe w h it e
markscausedby the piecesof wire or solder.All boundaries
mustcoincidewithin1.3
(0.51inch).
centimeters
G. lf the Light Fieldbordersare more than one centimeteraway from the x-ray beam,
adjustment per Section6.4 is indicated.

LORAD MED.IAL
Figure2-7:Coned-Down
Aperture
LORAD MED.IAL
6n
(15.2cm)
l4, l
1ro.z"'1]
Figure2-8:Coned-Down
lmageon Tray
LORAD MED.>AL
2.22.3 Verlficationof X-RayBeamAlignment
To verifyx-raybeamalignment,
the followingequipment
is necessary:
1. Reflective foil,or mirror;

tape,aluminum
2. LORADFieldAlignment Template;
3. FluorescentScreenMaterial.
A. STEP''A'' HAS BEENDELETED

IN ACCORDANCE
WITHREVISION
12.
B. Removethe largetixed(24x 30 cm) auto-aperture

so that the smallauto-aperture
beam
fieldcanbe verified.UnplugJ441on theAuto-Aperture
boardto preventthe systemfrom
to standby(XRAY:STANDBY).
defaulting
c. Placethe LORADFieldAlignment templateon a pieceof fluorescent

screenmaterialand
placebothon the imagereceptor trayflushagainsttheC-Arm.lnitially
centerthetemplate
on the tray.The templateis picturedin Figure2-9.
D. Openthe beamdepthslidecompletely.
E. Makethe DATAPORT as follows:

selections
SPOTSIZE: LARGE
E X PMODE: ... MANUAL
On the DATAPORT
Exposure
ControlLine,set kVpto 25 and EXPTIMEto 1 second.
shield,and pressand holdthe X-Raybutton.

Stepbehindthe radiation
G. Comparethe edgesof thefieldpattern(glowingarea)on the fluorescent

materialwith
the
18 x 24 centimeter
alignmentmarks on the template.
Page 2-32 - 12
Revision
LORAD MED.zAL
n1i
Flush Agelnst C-errn
r 8 x2 4 cm + - o -
2CX3Orm
Figure2-9: LORADFieldAlignmentTemplate
LORAD MEDT,AL
sYsrEMs M-IIISERVICEMANUA
H. lf any adjustmentto the 18 x 24 centimeterauto-aperture

is necessary,refer to the
alignment procedurein SectionSeven.
Reconnect
J441andinsertthelargefixedauto-aperture
(24x30cm)intothebeamlimitin
assembly.
J. Placereflectivetape,aluminumfoil,or a mirroroverthe accessory detectorat the righ

of the imagereceptortray.Thiswillcausethe retractionof the smallauto-apertureout of
the beamso thatthe largeauto-aperturefieldmaybe verified.(lt shouldbe necessary to
coveronlythe rightsensorof the accessory detectorto causethe retractionof the smal
auto-aperture.)
K. Place the LORADField Alignmenttemplateand fluorescentmaterialon the image

receptortray, flush againstthe C-Arm.Centerthe templatewith respectto the tray
centerline.
L. Openthe beamdepthslidecompletely.
M. Makethe DATAPORT
selections
as follows:
SPOTSIZE: LARGE
E X P MODE:... M ANUAL
On the DATAPORT
ExposureControlLine,set KVPto 25 and EXPTIMEto 1.
N. shield,and pressand holdthe X-Raybutton.

Stepbehindthe radiation
O. Comparethe edges of the 24 x 30 centimeterfield pattern(glowingarea) on the

fluorescent
materialwiththe 24 x 30 centimeter
alignmentmarkson the template.
I LORAD MEDIcALsvsrEMs M.IIISERVICEMANUAL
P. is necessary,relerto the
lf any adjustmentto the 24 x 30 centimeterfixedauto-aperture
alignment procedure in SectionSeven.
2.23 CHECKINGTHE EXPOSURE

COUNTER
takenwiththe unit,performthe followingsteps.

To obtainthe totalnumberof exposures
A. Whilethe M-lll is in the normaloperatingmode,pressthe "1" key and the KV UP key

simultaneously.
B. The M-lllexposurecountappearsin the lowerrightcornerof the screen.Pressthe Ente

key to resumenormaloperation.
LORAD MED.,AL
SECTIONTHREE:
X.RAYCONTROLTHEORYOF OPERATION
3.1 INTRODUCTION
TheM-lllmammography systemis designedwiththe MicroprocessorBoardas theprimarydevice

peripheral
for controlling devicesthatsupplythe necessary drivesignalsto a MAMRAD86 x-ray
tube.Operatorinputs,setupandmonitoring of peripheral
modules,andtimingare all carriedout
under the control of the system processoron the Microprocessor Board, and its software
operatingprogram.The dualfilamentx-raytube residesin a housinglocatedabovethe image
receptortray.The rotatinganode,oil-insulated
tuberequiresthreeinputsto operate:
A. MotorDrive
B. FilamentCurrent
C. HighVoltagePotential
Motordriveand filamentcurrentare suppliedby the TubeControlPC Board,whichoperates

underdirectcontrolof the processor.The high voltagepotentialbetweenthe cathodeand the
anodeof the x-raytubeis developedby the HighVoltageGenerator, whichalsois controlled
by
the processor.
Themicroprocessor alsodetectsoperator requests

forelectromechanicalfunctions,
andtransmits
appropriatesignalsto drivercircuitryon the PowerControlPC Boardto enablethe appropriate
device.Descriptionsof the circuitsandsignalroutingthatcontrolthe electromechanical
devices
are providedin SectionFourof thismanual.
3.2 POWERDISTRIBUTION
3.2.1 lnput PowerPanel
Line voltageat 208 voltsAC is passedthroughcircuitbreakerCB1 to the primaryof

step-down transformerT1. The T1 primaryis fusedat 0.1 ampere,and is providedwith
two varistorsto preventtransientson the input line from affectingthe operationof the
powerpanelcomponents. The T1 secondary is connected to a full
Page3-1 Revision- 0
LORAD MED.>AL
sysrE^s M-IIISERVICEMANUAL
wave bridgerectifierBR1,and the resultingDC voltageis the powerpaneloperating

power.
The operatingpoweris passedthroughthe Emergency Off Switch,the normallyclosed

contactsof the PowerOFFswitch,andthe contactsof the PowerON switch.The normally
open,momentary contactPowerON switchenergizesrelayKl, whichhas two sets of
contacts.One set of K1 contactsclosesto latchthe operatingpowerto the K1 relay,
makingit possibleto releasethe PowerON switchby routingK1 coitpowerthroughthe
normallyclosedOFFswitch.Thesecondsetof K1 contactscloseto energizerelayK101.
RelayK101contacts passtheAC lineinputthroughto themachine'sisolationtransformer.
Whenthe normallyclosed,momentary contact,PowerOFFswitchis pressed,operating
poweris disconnected fromthe coilof relayK1. WhenK1 dropsout, K101is forcedto
also drop out, interrupting
AC line power to the isolationtransformer.
Pressingthe
normallyclosedEmergencyOff Switch,whichis wired in serieswith the PowerOFF
switch,providesthe samefunction.
3.2.2 lsolationTransformer
A 2 KVApowerisolationtransformer, locatedin the bottomof the unitagainstthe rear

wall,providesAC secondary voltagesusedthroughout the unit.The primaryside,wired
in series,can be strappedfor threeinputranges: 208 VACt5%, 224 VAC+l- So/o,and
240 VAC x5%.
3.2.3 System AC
Components
of the M-lllthatuseAC voltagesare:
PowerControlBoard
A. Receives13 VACas inputto the V, supply.
B. Receives65 VACas inputto the 90 volt DC brakesupply.
C. Receives120 VAC to operateactuator.
LowVoltaqePoweiSupplv
A. Receives120VACfor conversion powersupplies.

to DC operating
Page3-2 Revision- 0
LORAD MED.,AL
TubeControlBoard
A. Receives220VACto developanodemotordrivesignals.
B. Receives65 VACto developDC brakingpower.
HiqhVoltaoeGenerator
A. Receives220 VAC to developinternalcontrollogic powersuppliesand high

voltagepotential.
3.2.4 System DC
of the M-lllthatgenerateDC supplypowerare:

Components
LowVoltaqePowerSupplv
A. From 120 VAC input,develops+5, +15, and -15 volt DC powerused by the
MicroprocessorBoard,the TubeControlBoard,and passedthrougha fuseblock
Board,then to the variousdetectioncircuits.
to the Microprocessor
Board
Microprocessor
A. Convertsthe +15volt DC inputfromthe LowVoltagePowersupplyto a regulated

+10voltDCsupplyusedinternally andalsosentto theC-armAngleDetectionand
Compression Detectionpotentiometers.
TubeControlBoard
A. Converts65 VAC inputto 90 V DC brakingpowerfor anodemotor.
PowerControlBoard
A. From 13 VAC input,developsV, powersupplythat operates(a) compression

drive,(b) filamentsupply,and (c) powersthe auto-aperture
motor.
B. From 65 VAC input,develops90 volt DC powersupplythat operates(a) the

carriagebrake,and (c)the rotation
motorbrake,(b)the compression
compression
brake.
Page3-3 Revision- 3
LORAD MEDT,AL
C. From90 volton-boardpowersupply,developsthe Vnpowersupplyusedonlyon

the PowerControlBoardfor switchingin the actuato?
drivecircuit.
3.3 MICROPROCESSOR
BOARD
The M-lll MicroprocessorBoard,builtaroundthe 6809Emicrocomputer device,controlsand

monitorsall machinefunctions.
Alsocontained on the Microprocessor
Boardare:a 256K(32Kx8)
EPROMthat containsthe operatingprogram,a 2Kx8 batterybackedRAM that storessetup
informationwhilethe machineis not powered,and an independent, batterybackedreal time
clock. Addressdecodingis providedby U9, U13, U32 and associatedcomponents.A
configurationDIPswitch,51, interfaces
to the databusthroughU7.
The Microprocessor
Boardfunctionscan be dividedintoeightgeneralareas:
1. Display/Updatethe CRT
2. DetecVRespond to KeyboardActivity
3. DetecURespond to C-armKeypadActivity
4. Controland MonitorExposure Sequence
5. DriveC-armAngleDisplay
6. ProcessC-armStatusInputs
7. ControlPrinter
8. RealTimeClock
3.3.1 CRT lnterface(Figure3-1)
Specialpurposecomponents contained on a semi-independent disptaybusgeneratethe

data and timingsignalsnecessaryto drivethe CRT display.A videocontroller,U16,
generateshorizontal and verticaltimingsignalsfor the rasterscandisplay,controlsthe
displayformats,andcontrolsthe displayRAM,characterROM,and the videogenerator
device,U25.The videocontroller communicates withthe microprocessor whenupdates
to the displayare necessary,after the proper handshakesignalsare exchanged.
Otherwise, the videocontroller
independently controlsthe displaybus.
Two RAMdevicesstorethe datadisplayedon the screen.lC U20storescharacterdata,

whichis loadedfromthe databus throughU18. lC U19 storesattributedata,whichis
loadedfrom the data bus throughU17.Attributedata consistsof a bytefor eachscreen
positionthat indicateswhetherthat positionis blinking,reversevideo,underlinedor
highlighted.
Page3-4 Revision- 0
LORAD MED.zAL
c EssoR
MICROPRO
VIDEOCONTROL Jrc1
ot\rNrtL
ONE
I GENEMTOR VIDEO
___>
o DRIVER DRIVER
o
J Y
u25/ U16 u15
12
120VAC
10
I 0vAC
ISOI.ATION
TRANSFORMER
Figure3-1:M-lllCRTInterfaceSignalling
Page3-5 -1
Revision
LORAD MED.IAL
Characterdata consistsof the ASCII code for the necessarycharacter.After data is

loadedfrom the data bus, both RAM devicesare underthe controlof the U16 video
controller.
Thedatastoredin theCharacter RAMis usedto addresstheCharacter GeneratorPROM,

U23.The CharacterGeneratoroutputsthe dot information that makesup a particular
character.The dot informationis appliedto the AttributeController,U25.The datastored
in the AttributeRAMalsois appliedto the AttributeController. The mainfunctionof the
AttributeControlleris to serializethe inputdot data to a videostream,and applythe
attributes.Thevideostreamoutputis at pins28 and 29, the signalsTTLV1and TTLV2,
respectively.TheAttributeController alsogenerates thecharacterclockandgenerates the
cursor.
As mentioned previously,the U16videocontrollergenerates the verticaland horizontal

timingsignalsfor the display.The U16timingsignaloutputs,as wellas the videostream,
are appliedto videodriverU15for outputto the CRTover J201.
3.3.2 Keyboardlnterface (Figure3-2)
The frontpanelkeyboardconsistsof 18 normallyopenswitches,that when activated,

providea closureto ground.Alsocontainedon the keyboard
aretheX-RAYswitch,which
closesa +15voltDCcircuitpathto the MicroprocessorBoardJ211-4,anda Compression
Releaseswitch,which closesa 5 volt DC circuitpath to the Microprocessor
Board
J2 1 1 -4 9 .
The 18 keyboardswitchesare connected, througha pull-upresistornetwork,to switch

decodersU52throughU55.Pressinga switchmomentarily groundsthe inputlineto the
switchdecoders.Theswitchsignalspassthroughfurtherlogicswitching providedby U49,
U50,and U51.U49alsogenerates .KEYREQ,thatis usedto notify
a signal,designated
the processorthat keyboardactivityhas beendetected.The switchdata register,U44,
passesthedataontothedatabus,whenenabledby themicroprocessor signal.KEYSEL,
whichis generatedin responseto .KEYREQ.
3.3.3 C-Arm Keypadlnterface
The four 7-position

C-Armkeypads,in additionto the 3-position
keypad,are wiredin a
parallel
Page3-6 Revision- 0
LORAD MED,,AL
KEYBOARD
50 PIN
RIBBON
CABLE
* ffii s a sornvaRETNTERLocK.
IT IS I'SED TO PREVEIITEXPOSURE
|F SOFTWAREMALFUNCNONS.
. EPOlSAII INTERLOCKTOENSURE
KEYBOARDHOOKUPFORPOWER
SOURCEOPERATION.
NOTE.OrctfiTs [X' l{OT

SHOWALLOOT,IFONENTS,
sEESCflErmnCS. I
I Klol
INPUTPOWERPANEL
TO FiOLATION
TRANSFORiIER
Figure 3-2: KeyboardInterfaoeand Input Power Signals
Page3-7 Revision- 0
LORAD MED.IAL
configuration.Therefore,the actuationof any one of the possiblefive identicalswitches

causesthe sameresultat the Microprocessor BoardC-Armkeypadinputat J214.J214-1
supplies5 volts DC to the keypads;closureof keypadswitchescausesa low to high
transition
of the appropriatesignalinput:
COL_LAMP
COMP_REL
ROT_BRK_REL
COMP_DN
COMP_UP
CARM_DN
CARMUP
In additionto the keypads,

switchclosuresof the Compression
Up and Downswitchesin
the remotefootswitchcause low to high transitionsof the signalsCOMP_UPand
COMP_DN, whichenterthe MicroprocessorBoardat J213-2and J213-3.
The keypadsignals,alongwiththe ACTU_OK signalwhich, whenhigh,indicatesthatthe

safetypanelon the bottomof the C-Armhas not encountered These
an obstruction.
signalsare appliedto U2,whichbuffersthesignalsto the databus,whenenabledby the
timingstrobe.CRD2.
3.3.3.1 PowerControlBoardlnterface
The microprocessor handlesC-Armkeypadrequestsas partof its normalcycling

by developing outputsignalssentto the PowerControlBoard.Datais placedon
the data bus as U1 is enabledby the signal.PCBEN.U1 latchesthe data,and
passesthe appropriate signalsthroughJ205 to the PowerControlBoardto
energizethe requested device.
One outputsignalto the PowerControlBoard,COMP-MTR-CUR, is an analog

signal.Digitalto analogconverterU45 latchesdigitaldata from the bus, and
convertsit to an analogvoltagewhich is also transferredto the PowerControl
BoardoverJ205.

LORAD MED.IAL
3.3.4 ExposureControl(Figure3-3)
The Exposure Controlfunction of the M-lllMicroprocessorBoardcanbe brokendowninto

fourdistinctphases: PRE-EXPOSURE, PREP,EXPOSURE, and POST-EXPOSURE.
Duringthe PRE-EXPOSURE phase,the microprocessor detectsoperatorrequestsmade
andsetsup thesubsystem
via the keyboard, devices(TubeControlBoard,HighVoltage
Generator)as requested. Oncethe operatorhas pressedthe X-RAYpushbutton, an
exposurecommand is issued within the microprocessor,and the M-lll entersthe PREP
phase.ln the PREPphase,the HighVoltageGenerator, andthe anodemotorcontroland
filamentregulationcircuitson the TubeControlBoardare broughtintooperation. In the
EXPOSURE PHASE,x-raysare emittedand regulated. The POST-EXPOSURE phase
beginswith the termination, by the microprocessor, of the EXPOSUREPHASE;x-ray
emissionendsand the varioussubsystems are broughtto a halt.
By communicating withthe subsystems,

bidirectionally the microprocessorcontrolsand
monitorssubsystemoperation.lf properstatussignalsare not receivedin the correct
the exposureprocess,operation
sequencethroughout is halted.
3 . 3 . 4 .1 PRE-EXPOSURE
Beforean exposurecommand,the microprocessor detectsoperatorrequests,and

storesthe unit setupparameters in RAM.Duringthis time,the filamentsupply
portionof the TubeControlBoardis keptturnedon by the Microprocessor Board
outputsignalFILEN.Thefilamentsupplycircuitis keptactiveto supplya standby
currentto the currentlyselectedx-ray tube filament.The standbycurrentis
controlledby the microprocessor outputsignal FIL CUR, an analogvoltage
suppliedby digitalto analogconverter U45,developed fromdatalatchedfromthe
data bus. Filamentcurrentis regulatedlocallyon the Tube ControlBoardby
comparing measured filamentcurrentagainstthe FIL CURreference signal,and
varyingthefilamentpowersupplyto keeptheactualcurrentwithintolerance of the
FILCURcontrolvoltage.
Page3-9 Revision- 0
LORAD MED.>AL
Keyboard
/?\-
\t,
I
I
I
I
AECSIGNAL
alt | | A. E. C.
Breast Tray
Amplifier
-------------l
I
I
I
I
!___
llicroprocessor
Board
J310
DISABLES
ROTOROK
WHILEBRAKING
Tube Gontrol
o EITHER
= EXPOSURESTOP
MANUALORAECSIGNAL
o = BRAKESTOPS,
RETURNS
ROTOROK
TO PRE.EXPOSURE
O = SEQUENCE
STATUS.
Figure3-3:M-lllExposure
Sequence
LORAD MED.IAL
sYsrEMs M-IIISERVICE MANUAL
At thistime,HV EN is low,andthe HighVoltageGenerator remainsinactive. The

analogKV CNTLsignal,whichcommunicates the set kV levelto the generator,
is
active.The anodemotordrive signalsfrom the microprocessor to the motor
controllersectionof theTubeControlBoard,(BOOST,RUN,and BRAKE,)areall
keptinactiveby the microprocessor.
3.3.4.2 PREPPHASE(Fiqure3-4)
the X-raypushbutton
Pressing on thefrontpanelinitiatesthe exposuresequence.
The X-RAYpushbutton completes a circuitbetween15 voltsDC at J211-3and
J211-4.The 15 volt X-RAYsignalis droppedacrossresistorR18 to a level
compatiblewiththe digitalcircuitryand is placedon the databus by U5.The 15
voltX-RAYsignalalsoenergizes relayK1,whichconnects the signallinesXRAY1
and XRAY1RT that originateon the High VoltageGenerator.XRAY1 and
XRAY1RT providean interlock function.Unlessthe signalsare shortedtogether
throughK1, powerfrom the HighVoltageGenerator's on-board15 volt power
supplycannotreachthe generator's pulsewidthmodulator, and operationof the
HighVoltageGenerator is prevented. At anytimeduringan exposure, if Kl drops
outdueto the openingof the X-raypushbutton switch,theexposure willbe halted.
The microprocessor outputsthe BOOSTsignalto the TubeControlBoardfor 1

second,whichsignalsthe motorcontroller to startthe anodemotorin the x-ray
tube.After1 second,the microprocessor thenswitchesBOOSToff and RUNon
for 1 secondto the TubeControlBoard.DuringBOOST,220 VAC is appliedto
motor,and duringRUN,65 VACis appliedto the motor.lf motorstartingcurrent
has beensensedto be correctby circuitryon the TubeControlBoard,the Rotor
OK signalis developed and sentbackto the microprocessor, whichusesit as a
monitorthat exposureis proceedingcorrectly.lf the Rotor OK signalis not
detected,furtheroperation
is terminated.
The RotorOK signalis alsosuppliedto
the HighVoltageGenerator as an interlock.
DIAGRAM: 25 KV .5 SEC
WAVEFORM I,ARGEFS
SAMPLEPERIOD: Sms 5(X)ms/div
IIIAGNIFICAT|ON: 1X 5.000ms/clk
IvIAGNIFYABOUT: X 265.0ms x to tlme trig
CURSORMOVES: X 0.0psxto0
X-RAY
RESET
BOOST
ROTOK
HVEN
RUN
BRAKE
30-30 kv
HVCONT 2.5V
FILCUR 1.2V
FIL EN 5.0v
LG FS s.0v
KVSEN 0.0v
FILSEN 2.6 V
mA SEN 0.0v
Figure3-4: ExposureTlming Dlagram
LORAD MED.IAL
Alsoduringthisphase,the FIL CURsignalis increased to its designsettingper

the kVpsetting.Thisincreases
filamentcurrentto operatinglevel.
3.3.4.3 E X P OS U RPEH ASE
lf all signaltransitionsweredetectedcorrectlyby the microprocessor duringthe

PREPPHASE,theEXPOSURE PHASEis entered. TheanodemotorRUNsignal
is maintained to theTubeControlBoard,anda HV ENABLEsignalis sentto HVG.
The analogKV CNTLis maintained at the kV levelset previously
at the beginning
of the exposure, or automatically,
in the caseof AUTO-KVtimingmode.
X-raysare emittedand the AEC sensorrespondswith an analogvoltagethat

indicatesthe radiationratereachingthe sensor.A signaldevelopedin the High
VoltageGeneratorand sent to the microprocessor, KV SENSE,providesan
of actualvoltagepotential;the
indication microprocessor
usesthissignaltomonitor
HighVoltageGeneratoractivityand detectserrors.
A secondanalogsignal,MA SENSE,is developed

in the HighVoltagecircuitand
is alsomonitored
by themicroprocessor.
ThemicroprocessormonitorsMASENSE
to detectfilamentcontrolerrors.
DuringAUTO-KVexposures, the kV levelautomatically

startsout at 25 kV.Within
the first 40 milliseconds of the exposure,the outputfrom the AEC Sensoris
processed to determine the radiation rate.Themicroprocessor whether
calculates
the exposurecan be completedwithina targetwindow,which is DIP switch
selectable among1 second,1.5seconds, indicate
or 2 seconds.lf thecalculations
that the exposurecan not be completedwithinthe window,the kV level is
automatically increased, throughraisingthe KV CNTLvoltage,to a levelthatwill
enableexposurecompletion. The kV canbe raisedfromthe initialvalueof 25, in
1 kV increments, to 26,27,or 28 kV. OncekV adjustment hasbeenmadein the
AUTO-KVmode, the exposureproceedsand is terminatedas a normal
AUTO-TIME exposure, describedin the POSTEXPOSURE explanation.
LORAD MEDTzAL
3.3.4.4 POSTEXPOSURE
PHASE
detectspropersignalstatusof all the monitored

lf the microprocessor signals,the
exposureproceedsuntil:
In MANUALMODE,the "Time"set on the ExposureControlLine has

elapsed,or theabsolutemaximumBackuptimeof 5 secondshaselapsed;
ln AUTO-TIMEand AUTO-KVmodes,the microprocessor-determined

exposuretimehaselapsed;the selectedBackuptimehaselapsed;or the
absolutemaximumBackuptimeof 5 secondshas elapsed.
Releaseof the X-raypushbutton beforenormaltermination of the exposurewill

immediately stop the exposure,as will detectionby the microprocessorof any
subsystem failure.In eithercase,an errormessagewill appearon the screento
indicatethatan abnormaltermination of the exposurehas occurred.
To terminatethe exposurenormally,the microprocessor sets the HV ENABLE

signalto the High VoltageGeneratorlow, whichstopsthe generationof high
voltage.Releaseof the X-RAYpushbutton interruptsthe XRAY1interlockto the
High VoltageGenerator, causingthe pulsewidthmodulatorto stop.The RUN
signalto the TubeControlBoardis set low,and the BRAKEsignalis turnedON
of DC brakingvoltageto the anodemotor.The FILCUR
to enablethe application
signalto the TubeControlBoardis returnedto the standbyvalue.
In AUTO-KVor AUTO-TIME exposures,the CRT is updatedto showthe mAs

valuecalculatedby the microprocessor Thisvalueis heldon the
for the exposure.
screenuntilthe nextexposureis begun.
A 3O-second delayis imposedby the microprocessorbeforethe systemcanmake

anotherexposure. The purposeof the delaytimeis to keepthe x-raytubewithin
its operatingheatlimits.
LORAD MEDtcALsvsrEMs M-IIISERVICEMANUAL
3.3.5 C-ArmAngle DisplayDriver(Figure3-5)
The M-lllsensesC-Armanglethrougha combination of a variablepotentiometer

thatis
turnedwhenthe C-Armis rotated,and a detentmicroswitchwhichis actuatedwhenthe
C-Armpassesthrougheachdetentposition. Thedetailsof the electromechanical
system
in SectionFour.
is contained
Oncethemicroprocessor determines
C-Armangle,theangledatais latchedfromthedata
busby U56on the MicroprocessorBoardanddecodedinto18 activelowLEDdrivelines.
The 18 linesarepassedthroughJ212on the microprocessorto theAngleDisplayBoard.
On the Angle DisplayBoard,two 7-segmentLED arrays(unitsand tens) and one
S-segment (hundreds) a +5-voltsupplyvoltage.Eachinputsignal,when
anayarcsupplied
pulledlowby the Microprocessor
Board,lightsone LEDsegmentvia LEDdriverson the
AngleDisplayBoard.
3.3.6 C-ArmStatusInputs
Digitalsignalinputsfromthe Localization
Tray DetectorBoard,overJ216,and fromthe
AccessoryDetectBoard,over J215,are placedon the data bus throughU3. Digital
signalsfromthe BeamLimitingAssembly viaJ204areplacedon the busthroughU4.U4
alsopassesthedetentsignalfromthedetentpositionswitchon theC-armpivot.Thetwo
analog inputs, variablevoltagesfrom the C-arm Angle potentiometer, and the
Compression Thicknesspotentiometerare convertedto the digitaldomainby analogto
digitalconverterU40,afterbeingselectedby multiplexerU38.
3.3.7 Prlnter Interface
The microprocessor communicates with the printervia the PeripheralInterfaceBoard

locatedto the rightof the MicroprocessorBoard.The Peripherallnterfaceis tieddirectly
to the data bus via J208,and is controlledby digitalclockand enablesignaloutputs
developedby the microprocessor.
3.3.8 RealTime Clock
lntegrated
circuitU26is the realtimeclockdevice.A 3-voltbattery,81, is usedsolelyto
keepthetimeanddatecurrentwhenthe unitis shutoff.Therealtimeclockoperates from
a dedicatedcrystal,Y1.
Page3- 15 Revision-7
LORAD MEDTIAL
| .rssz C.ARMANGLEDISPLAY
isoR
MICFOPROCEI @
T
us6 RIBBONCABLE
_ t_ r ttttl
I tttttl
.-L J217
(DrsPLAYS
TO CRTASWELL)
DETENTSW
+5V
9
gt
6 2
o 5 Z DETENT 1
J
(cLqsESWHEN
rNDETENT)
+10v
?L 2 1OVREG ROTATIONPOT
7
3
(UPDATES)
1 \ AGND 1
r
3 . c ANGLE 2
uoat
Figure3-5: C-ArmAngle DisplayDrive
3.4 TUBECONTROLBOARD
TheTubeControlBoardhastwo primaryfunctions, and Filament

thatof AnodeMotorController
PowerSupply.
3.4.1 Anode Motor Control(Figure3-6)
The AnodeMotorControlportionof the TubeControlBoardsuppliesAC powerto the

induction
motorwithinthe x-raytube.Foreachexposure, the anodemotoris sequenced
throughthreemodesof motordrive: Boost,Run,and Brake.Timingof the threemotor
drivemodesis controlled
by inputsignalsto the TubeControlfromthe microprocessor:
BOOSTat J310-34,RUNat J310-31and BRAKEat J310-33.
Boost: approximalely220VACis appliedto the anodemotorto quicklybringit up

to speedin preparation
for an exposure.
Run: 65 VAC is appliedto the anodemotorto sustainspeed

approximately
duringexposure.
Brake: approximately90voltsDC is appliedto motorfor 7 secondsafterexposure

to bringmotorto a quickhalt.
termination
DuringBoostand Run modes,currentis sensedthroughtransformers T2 and T3. lf

correctcurrentis sensed,a ROTOROK signalis generatedby U4 and sent to the
microprocessor via J310-7.The microprocessor will continueto sequencethroughthe
motorcontrolmodes,andcontinue theexposuresequence if the ROTOROKsignalstatus
is detectedat the correctpointsin the exposuresequence.
The Brakecircuitconsistsof timinglogicsupplied

by U3,U5,U7,and U6.Thetiminglogic
drivesand providesanti-arc protection
due to chatterin relayK2,whichappliesthe 90
voltsDCacrossthe MainandCommonmotorwindingswhiledisconnecting theAC motor
drivecircuits.
LineSense- a linetapped-offtransformerT4 is full-waverectifiedthroughT4, D15,and

D16.The signalis convertedto a DC voltageby R58 and C8 beforebeingsentto the
microprocessor for confirmation
that the line voltageis adequateto completethe
exposure.
LORAD MEDT>AL
F2 PrP K2 !g 12
HV TOX.RAYTUBE
Figure3-6: Anode Motor ControlSignalling
LORAD MED.IAL
3.4.2 Filament
Supply
supplyportion
Thefilament Boardperforms
of theTubeControl thesefunctions:
A. Betweenexposures:appliesa standbycurrentof 2.5ampsto the selected(largespotor

smallspot)x-raytubefilament.
B. Duringexposure: regulatescurrentthroughthe selectedfilamentin responseto (1)

currentthroughthefilamentas measuredacrossH42andsentto themicroprocessor,
and
that is developedin
(2) a FIL CUR referencesignalinput from the microprocessor
responseto kVp setting.
3.4.3 FilamentControlSignals(Figure3-7)
The signalsdescribedin the followingparagraphs

are usedto communicate statusand
controlsignalsbetweenthe microprocessor andthe FilamentSupplysectionof the Tube
ControlBoard.
A. F ILC U R
frommicroprocessor
An analogcontrolsignaldeveloped digitaloutput,convertedbydigital
to analogconverterU45andsent from J206-5of the Microprocessor Boardto J310-5of
the TubeControlBoard.
B. F ILS E N S E
Analogsignalproportionalto actualfilamentcurrent(measured acrossR42on the Tube

ControlBoard).Leavesthe TubeControl Board at J310-7and entersthe microprocessor
U38,andpassedthroughU39,whichlimitsthe
atJ206-7.Signalis appliedto multiplexer
signalto 10 voltsmaximum. Analogto digitalconverterU40passesthe filamentcurrent
informationto the databus.
Page3- 19 Flevision
-0
LORAD MEDT,AL
X.RAYTUBE
SUITMING
COMPARATOR
{ll|tcBoPnocEssoF
ERROnCONTFOLI
Figure3-6: FilamentControlSignals
LORAD MED.>AL
sysrE^s M.IIISERVICEMANUAL
c. MA S E N S E
Analogsignalproportional to actualtube currentdevelopedat U2 of the HighVoltag

Generator as measured acrossa resistorin the multiplier
of the HighVoltageGenerato
The signalleavesthe HighVoltageGenerator at J1-5and entersthe microprocessorat
J207-5.Thesignalis appliedto multiplexerU38andpassedthroughU39,whichtimitsthe
signalto 10 voltsmaximum.Analogto digitalconverterU40 passesthe tube curren
informationto the databus.
D. LARGE
Digitalsignalthatenablesthe selectedtubefilament;latchedfromdatabus by U30and

exitsthe microprocessor
via J206-27.
E. F ILE N
Digitalsignalthatenablesfilamentcurrentregulation
by the TubeControlBoard;latched
from data bus by U30 and exitsthe microprocessor
via JZO6-Z}.
Tubecurrentin the M-lllis regulated

by meansof a flybackregulator
on theTubeContro
Boardconsisting of transformer T1 and FET Q9. The gate of FET Q9 is drivenby the
outputof pulsewidthmodulation controller
U12.Thepulsewidthcontroller is supplied
with
operatingpowerby a circuitconsisting of Q2, Q4, and associated
components. The 14
voltswitchedsupplyis derivedfromthe +16voltDC inputto the TubeControlBoardfrom
the PowerControlBoard.The 14-voltsupplyis onlyswitchedon whenthe FIL EN signa
fromthe microprocessor hasswitchedhigh.
3.4.4 FilamentRegulation
One side of the T1 primaryis connected

to the +16 volt motorsupplyvoltagefromthe
PowercontrolBoard.The other:sideof the primaryis tied,throughthe FETand
LORAD MEDT,AL
resistorR65,to ground.TheU12squarewaveoutput,switching currentthroughthehighly

inductiveT1 windings,createsa secondary currentflow,whichis passedthroughdiode
D8 and is filteredby capacitorC29. The resultingfilamentdrive signalis a smooth
modulation,witha DC offset.Coupledto the selectedfilamentthroughcontactsof relay
K1,the signalresultsin the largeor smallfilamentselection.
RelayK1 is driven,through
transistor
Q5,by the microprocessor.output signalLARGE,whichis highwhenthe large
spotis selected,lowfor the smallspot.
Thefilamentcurrentis sensedacrossresistorR42,andappliedto filamentcurrentsense

differential
amplifierU2.TheU2-8outputis appliedto anothersectionol U2,whichbuffers
the amplifiedcurrentsensesignalbeforeit is sentto the microprocessor.The U2-8ouput
is also appliedto a thirdsectionof U2, at pin 5, whichacts as an erroramplifier. The
analogFILCURsignal,whichtheprocessor generates as determined by the kVpsetting,
is bufferedthrougha fourthsectionof U2 and is appliedto the invertinginputof the error
Theoutputof theerroramplifier
amplifier. is proportionaltothedifference betweentheFIL
CURcommand fromthe microprocessorandthe actualfilament currentas sensedacross
R42.
The errorvoltageoutputof U2-7variesthe pulsewidthoutputof U12,which,by driving

the gate of Q9, variesthe operationof the flybackconverterto providethe current
requiredby FIL CURcommandsignal.
lf the currentoutputfromthe T1 secondaryexceedssafelimits,the LEDin opto-isolator

UBis turnedon throughresistorR45.Likewise, if the voltageoutputat the T1 secondary
exceedssafelimits,zenerdiodeD11 (whenthe largespotis selected)or D10(whenthe
smallspotis selected)will pointandturnon the LEDof opto-isolator
reachthe avalanche
U8. When U8 has been turnedon, the 14-voltsupplyto the pulsewidthcontrolleris
shuntedto groundthroughSCRQ3.
3.5 HIGHVOLTAGEGENERATOR
(Figure3-8)
The isolationtransformersuppliespowerat 220 voltsand linefrequencyto the HighVoltage

Generator.Thisinputis fusedat 10 amperes.A full-wavebridgerectifieranda 33O0-microfarad
capacitorsupplya nominal300-voltDC bus voltageto a highfrequencyinverterbridge,which
convertsthe DC to a highfrequency AC signalappliedto the high-

LORAD MED.,AL
voltagetransformerand multiplier.The high-frequency

AC is controlledby a pulse width
modulator.
lf the AC inputvoltageto the generator

exceeds400 volts,an arc faultlatchterminatessystem
operationand a red LED lightson the HighVoltageGeneratorControlBoard.lf the DC bus
voltageexceeds400volts,an overclamp faultlatchterminates
operation (anotherred LEDlights
on the sameboard).Excessive currentoutputfrom the inverterbridgedrivesignalsan over-
currentfaultclampand a yellowLEDlightson the HighVoltageControlBoard.A fourth(green)
LEDlightsto indicatethatthe XRAY1interlockhasoccurred(X-RAYbuttonis pressed).
The220-voltinputalsopowersthehighvoltagegenerator's on-board
regulated
1S-volt
DCcontrol
powersupply.This voltagesourceprovidesthe inputpowerto the generator's fault latches
(therefore,
enablingor disablingthe system),and inputpowerfor the HV ENABLE,HV FAULT,
and RESETsignalling circuits(alsoenablingor inhibiting
systemoperation).
Forthegenerator the circuitthatpassesthe 1S-volt

to operate, signalfromthe X-RAYpushbutton
mustbe closed; a closedcircuitbetweeninterlocksignalsXRAY1and XRAY1RT mustexist
(generator connector,J320-25and J320-26). Thecircuitclosureis providedby an intertockrelay,
K1, on the microprocessor. Witha pathclosedbetweenthesesignals,the outputof the tS-volt
regulator,U3, is routedto the pulsewidthmodulatoron the High VoltageGenerator.Before
exposure,the microprocessor developedsignal,RESET,checksthreetimesin 50-millisecond
intervalsfor startuperrorsdetectedthroughgenerator signalsKV SENSE,MA SENSE,and HV
FAULT.Any problemin thesecircuitswilldisablethe pulsewidthmodulator, andthe HV FAULT
signal is sent to the microprocessor. After confirmingthat no fault conditionsexist, the
microprocessor checksfor an activehighat ROTOROK.
With no systemfaultsdetectedand ROTOROK present,an HV ENABLEsignalstartsthe

generator.The highvoltageDC outputis determined by the analogKV CNTLreference signal
input.Thereis a delayof six milliseconds
for the HighVoltageGeneratorto reachthe seteited
kV.Afterthe six milliseconds,
the microprocessorbeginsto timethe exposureandwaitsanother
six milliseconds to check KV SENSEwhich measuresachievedvoltage.The pulse width
modulator of the HighVoltageControlBoardthenadjustsoutputvoltagethrougha comparison
of the KV CNTLsignal
LORAD MED.>AL
o
o TO
G|
N X.RAY
TUBE
u6,u7,
u8ru9
FAULT
L/ATGHES
Figure3-8: High VoltageGeneratorGontrolSignals
LORAD MED.IAL
circuitof the generator.

signalfromthe highvoltagemultiplier
and a FEEDBACK
The KV CNTLsignalis 1 volt tor 22 kV and increases.5 volt per kV to 7.0 voltsfor 34 kV. As
longas highvoltageoutputis withint12o/"of thevaluecommanded by the KVCNTLsignalvalue,
the HV ENABLEsignalis outputfromthe microprocessor.
to the generator
Outputhighsignalsfromthe Microprocessor are 10 volts;lowsignalsarezerc.
to the generator
The signalsthatcorrespond outputfor x-rayexposureare as follows.
MA SENSE KV SENSE
MPU(J207-5) HVG(J320-s) MPU(J207-3) HVG(J320-3)
OV = OmA OV = OkV
10v = 1 0 0mA 10v = 40kv
KV CNTL
MPU(J207-1) HVG(J320-1)
OV = 2 0 kV
10v = 4 0 kV
3.6 AUTOMATICEXPOSURE
CONTROLCIRCUIT(Figure3-9)
The AutomaticExposureControlSystemis comprised of an AEC SensorBoard,locatedwithin

the imagereceptortray,circuitson the MicroprocessorBoard,whichconditionthe signalinput
fromthe SensorBoard,and algorithms contained program.
in the system'soperating
3.6.1 AEC Sensor Board
The SensorBoarduses a siliconphotodiode to collectincidentx-ray photonswhich

penetratethe patient'stissue,the film cassette,
the film,and the light-tight
coverof the
photodiode itself.The photodiode convertsthe x-rayphotonsinto an electricalcurrent
whichis proportionalto the incidentradiation.This currentis amplifiedby a highgain
(approximatelyx560million)amplifier, U1, andsentto the Microprocessor Boardovera
shieldedcable.
The AEC Sensor Board is poweredby +15 and -15 volt D.C. power from the
Board.The Sensor
Microprocessor
LORAD MED.,AL
Boardis mountedon a slidemechanism, permitting

the operatorto moveit longitudinally
withinthe imagereceptortray. lts positionis sensedthrougha seriesof threeoptical
on one of threeLEDsmountedon each7-switchC-Armcontrol
switches,and displayed
panels.
3.6.2 AEC SlgnalPath - MicroprocessorBoard
Enteringthe Microprocessor sensorsignal(AEC_SlG)

Boardat J202-5,the ar.nplified is
scaledby a potentiometer (R40)and sent througha low-passfilter,consistingof an
elementofRN14andC63,to eliminate highfrequency noise.Thesignalthenis passed
throughanalogmulitiplexer U38,clampedto 10 voltsby U39,and appliedto a precision
12-bitanalogto digitalconverter.
Here,theanalogsignalis converted
to thedigitaldomain
and placedon the databusfor furtherprocessing.
3.6.3 AEC SignalProcessing
Thesoftwaresamplesthesensorsignalandnumerically performs a low-pass filtration

and
differentiation.
Oncethe signalhas stabilized,
it is inputto a secondorderequationto
calculatethe idealexposuretime.The characteristics of this equationare basedon kV,
focalspotsize,filmtype,accessories detected,and the densitysetting.Thiscalculation
cyclecan takefrom5 ms to 50 ms depending on the magnitude of the detectorsignal.
This is becausesmallersignalsproducelongerexposures and havelongerrisetimes.
permittailoringof the AEC Signalto a particularfilm/screen

Two softwareadjustments
combination.
GAINscalesthe AECsignal;OFFSETaddsa voltagefactorto the signal.
GAINandOFFSETsoftwareadjustments are available
for eachfilmlscreen
combination.
3.6.4 AUTO-TIME
Mode ExposureTermlnation
Oncethe idealexposuretime has beendetermined, the machinewaitsuntilthe actual

exposuretimereachesthe idealexposuretimeandthenterminates the exposurecycle.
lf the idealexposuretimeexceedsthe operatorselected"BACKUPTIME",the exposure
whenthe timereachesthe "BACKUPTIME".
will be terminated
LORAD MED.>AL
sysrE*s M-III SERVICEMANUAL
3.6.5 AUTO-KVMode ExposureTermination
WithAUTO-KVselected, a maximumexposurewindowof 1, 1.5 or 2 seconds(selected

priorto the exposureby the operator) controlsautomatickV adjustment. The AUTO-KV
modefunctionsin a similarmannerto AUTO-TIME untilthe Microprocessordetermines,
throughthe calculationcycle,thatthe idealexposuretime exceedsthe "window".lf and
whenthissituationoccurs,the Microprocessor increases the KV levelfrom25, to 26,27
or 28 kV, whicheveris appropriateto completethe exposurewithinthe "window". lf it is
necessaryto changethe KV level,the changewill occurapproximately 40 milliseconds
intothe exposure.Afterthe kV levelis increased,the machinewaitsan additional 40 ms
for tube currentto stabilize.The calculationcycle is repeatedto find the new ideal
exposuretime whichwill be equalto or lessthanthe "window".lf the initialcalculation
cycle has resultedin a KV levelincreaseto the maximumof 28 kV, the new ideal
exposuretime may exceedthe "window",but the conditionsthat wouldcausethis to
happenwouldbe veryunusual.
BFEASTTAAY
DETECf,OR +lsv -t5V
Figure3-9:AutomaticExposure
ControlSignals
LORAD MED.,AL
3.7 CIRCUITS(Figure3-10)
INTERLOCK
Thereare threeinter:lock circuitsin the M-lll.Unlessall threeinterlockcircuitsare satisfied,

the
machinestatuswill remainin "Standby" andexposureoperation willbe disabled. Whenallthree
interlocksare satisfied,"Ready"statuswill be resumed,providingthat no systemelectrical
problemsaredetectedby the microprocessor. The M-lllinterlockcircuitsandthe conditions that
satisfythemare explained below.
3.7.1 RadiationShieldlnterlock
The commoncontactof switch5101 that is actuatedby the openingof the radiation

shield,is supplied
5 voltsfromthe MicroprocessorBoardatJ213-1.The normally open
contactof the switch is connectedto the microprocessor at J213-5 (signalname:
DOOR_INT). Whenthe switchis closedby the shield,a zercto 5- volttransition
of the
DOOR_INT signaloccurs.
3.7.2 C-armSafety Switch
Thespring-loaded panelat thebottomendof the C-armmustremainunobstructed during

operation. The seriesswitchcircuitis closedand is supplied5 voltsfrom the common
contactof 3101 (Radiation ShieldInterlockswitch).The otherend of the seriesswitch
circuitis appliedto the MicroprocessorBoardat J213-5as the signalACT_OK.Should
the panelencounter an obstruction,
oneof thetwoseries-wirednormally-closed switches
becomesactuated. When.the switchis openedby the disturbanceof the panel,a 5 to 0
volttransitionof the ACT-OKsignaloccurs.
3.7.3 Aperturelnterlock
ln the BeamLimitingAssembly, at the insideend of the fixedapertureslide,an optical

switch is positionedso as to be interruptedby a tab on the fixed aperture.Powerto
operatethe LEDwithinthe opticalswitchcomesfromthe AutoApertureBoardJ441-3.
Whenan apertureis in place,J204-14of the Microprocessor Boardis pulledhighatthe
microprocessor by resistornetworkRN11.Whenthe apertureis removed,J204-14is
pulledlow by the opticalswitchin the BeamLimitingAssembly.
LORAD *eo,coLsYsrEMs M-IIISERVICEMANUAL
RADIATION
MICROPROCESSOR
SHIELD SWITCH
TOPOWERCONTROL BOAFD
ENABLBDISABLE
C.ARMON
(SEEACTUATOR
CONTROL}
MICROPROCESSOR SAFEWSWITCH
SAFETY SWITCH INTERLOCK
MICHOPROCESSOR
APERTUREII{TERLOCK
Figure3-10:lnterlockSlgnals
LORAD MED.IAL
SECTIONFOUR:
ELECTROMECHANICAL
THEORYOF OPERATION
4.1 C-ARMDRIVE,POWERCONTROLBOARD
C-Armmechanical actionis controlled

by the microprocessor
withpowerswitchedto eachdevice
by the PowerControlBoard.The components thatcomprisethe electromechanical
devicesare
the linearactuatorassembly, compression assembly,rotationbrake,andbeamlimitingassembly
includingthe collimator
lamp.
4.1.1 LinearActuatorAssembty(Figure4-1)
Thelinearactuator,
locatedinsidethecontrolconsole,
movestheverticaltravel
assembly,
and thus the C-ARMUP and DOWN.The actuatoris controlledby any of the four 7
positionkeypadson the C-Armor the 3-position
keypadon the tubehead.
The actuatoris mountedthrougha vibration-isolated clevismountto the machine's

baseplateand uses a 120 VAC motorto drive a verticallymountedlead screw.Lead
screwrotationis translatedintoverticalmovementof the verticaltravelassembly,which
slidesverticallyon linearantifriction
guides.The C-Armpivotis attachedto the vertical
travelassembly.
TheAC motoris drivenin onedirection to raisetheverticaltravelassembly,

andreversed
to lowerit. The actuatorholdsthe pivotin placewhilethe motoris not running.
AC powerto operatethe actuatormotoris suppliedfromthe isolation viathe

transformer,
PowerControlBoard.
4.1.2 C-Arm Up/Downand SafetySwltch (Figure4-2)
TheAC motorin the linearactuatorassembly is drivenin onedirection

to raisethe C-Arm
and drivenin the oppositedirectionto lowerthe C-Arm.C-Armmovement
Page4-1 Revision- 0
LORAD MED.>AL
vTA PL,ATEMOUNT vIAPLATE
WAPLATE MOUNTT
--\---.-
STOPNUT
LEAD SCRET1T
CLEVISMOUNT
Figure4-1:LinearActuatorAssembly

LORAD MED.>AL
3 POS SW 7 POS SWS
+5V *1v c-lnu
ISOLATTON
TRANSFORMER
Figure4-2: ActuatorControlSignals
Page4-3 Revision- 1
LORAD MED.,AL
in the down directionis disabledshouldthe safetyswitchpanel,at the bottomof the

C-Armbecomeactuatedby an obstruction.
C-Armdriveis controlled
by the MicroprocessorBoard,withpowerswitchedby the Power
ControlBoard,as describedin the followingparagraphs.
Operatorrequeststo raiseor lowerthe C-Armare receivedby the microprocessorfrom

the C-ArmswitchpanelsoverJ214.Thesignals,CARM_UPat J214-7andCARM_DN at
J214-8are storedin U2 untilthe timingsignalCRD2strobesthe requestontothe data
bus. Each signalis also routedthroughJ205 directlyto the PowerControlBoard,
CARM-UPat J301-3andCARM-DNat J301-2.A statussignalcreatedby closureof the
C-Armsafetyswitches, ACTU-OK,is anotherinputto the Microprocessor
Boardat J213-
4, and is alsoroutedthroughJ205directlyto the PowerControlBoardat J301-1.
The Microprocessor Boardgeneratestwo activelow enablesignals.CUP_ENand

*CDN-EN,which
arelatchedfromthedatabusby Ul androutedfromthe Microprocessor
BoardoverJ205-5andJ205-6,respectively. Theyenterthe PowerControlBoardat J301-
5 a n dJ3 0 1 -6 .
The driversfor raisingor loweringthe C-Armare identicaland consistof an optically

coupledtriac(Ul for Down,U2 tor Up)whichappliesgatevoltageto a secondtriac(Q1
for Down,Q2 for Up).ThesecondstagetriacsapplyliO VnC to tne appropriate winding
of the actuatormotor.
To turn on U1 (Up),the CARM_UPinputgenerated by the pushbutton

switchmustbe
active(high)and the .CUP-ENsignalgenerated
by the microprocessor
mustbe active
(low).
To turnon U2 (Down),the CARM-DNinputgenerated by the pushbuttonswitchmustbe

active(high),and the .CDN_EN signalmustbe active(low).However,transistorQ3 is
providedto couplethesafetyswitchoutputintothe ACT_DNcontrollogic.The ACTU_OK
signalmustbe highto causeQ3 to conductbeforethe .CDN_ENsignalcanturnU1 on.
The ACTU_OKsignalonlyinhibitsthe ACT_DNfunction.

LORAD MEDtcALsysrEMs M-IIISERVICEMANUAL
(,
=
o
F
o
o
r
FOLANON
TRAIISFONUER
Figure4-3:Compression
ControlSignals
Page4-5 Revision- 1
LORAD MED,,AL
sysrE^s M.III SERVICE MANUAL
lf eitherof thetwoseries-wired
safetyswitchesis tripped,ACTU_OKwillbe pulledlowto
disabledown drive.The microprocessor detectsthe conditionand displaysan error
message.The actuatordrivesignalinputsto the PowerControlBoardare summarized
in the tablebelow.
S IGN A L J301- IDLE UP DOWN

CARM_UP 3 L H L
-CUP_EN 5 H L H
CARM_DN 2 L L H
ACTU_OK 1 H H H
-C D N E N 6 H H L
4.1.3 C-ArmCompressionSubsystem(Figures4-3 and 4-4)
The compression
systemis controlled
fromany 7-position
keypad,the COMPRESSION
UP and DOWNfootswitch,andthe Compression Releaseswitchon the frontpanel.The
majorelectromechanical
partsof the assemblyare:
1) The compression motor:drivenby +VmSupplyon the powerControlBoard;the

motordrivesthe compression chain.
2) The compression motorbrake:poweredby a g0 VDCpowersupplyon the power

ControlBoard;energized wheneverthe compression
motoris stoppedto prevent
movement of the chain.
3) The compression brake:poweredby the g0 vDc powersupplyon the power

ControlBoard;energizedafter the compression motor has been run in the
downward direction.
Thecompression brakekeepsthecompression carriagefrom
slippingupwardon the chainwhileundertensionthrougha one-wayclutch.
4) The compression carriage:uponwhichthe compression applianceis mounted

beforeoperation, slidesup and downon shaftsinsidethe frontof the C-Arm.A
continuous loop chainthreadsthroughan idlerand sprocketmechanism in the
conpressioncarriage,arounda sprocketdrivenby the compression motorbelow
the rearof the imagereceptortray,and overa sprocketon the chaintensioner
assemblynearthe top of the C-Arm.Chaintensionis adjustable as describedin
S e cti o n
9 .1 .
Page4-6 Revision- 0
LORAD MEDT,AL
TimingBelt
9o-Volt clutch Assembly'

Magnet
TOPVIEW
[ 'Chain tensionadjustnot pictured.l
Tray
Localization Tray
Localization
AojJiinint poi6ntiometer SensorBoard Assyto Unk Chain
Sprocket/Gear
(100ohml
FRONTVIEW
Flgure4-4:CompresslonCarrlageAssembly

LORAD MED.,AL
Duringmotorizedcompression, rotationof the motormovesthe chainand drivesthe

carriagewhichis lockedto the chainby the one-wayclutchand compression brake.
Duringmanualcompression, thechainis heldstationary
by thecompressionmotorbrake,
and the handwheelsmovethe carriageup and downihe-stationarychain.
4 .1.4 CompressionUp/Down/Release
The M-lll has threemo_des of compression:Compression Up, CompressionDown,and

compression Release. operatorrequestsforcompression aredetected
throughthec-Arm
7-positionswitchpanels (or, in the case of iompressionRelease,thj tront panel
"Release" key).ln addition,
an automaticcompression releasecommandis issuedby the
microprocessor at thetermination
of an exposureif in thesetupTable,coMp_RELis set
!o AUTo The 7-position switchpanelsinierfacedirecilywithihe MicioproceisorBoard.
ActivehighCoMP-UPandcoMP-DN signalsenterth; Microprocessor BoardatJ214-6
andJ214-5,respectively. COMP-UPandCOMP-DNsignalsfromthe footswitches enter
the Microprocessor Boardat J213-2and 3. The requeit signalsare suppliedto control
registerU2, and strobedontothe data bus by the readstrobe"cDR2.
COMP-RELsignalsare receivedat the Microprocessor Boardfromthe 7-position switch

panelsvia J214-3;from the frontpanelkey via JZIO-4.Regardless
of the originof the
request,the signalis strobedontothe databuswhencontrolbufferU2 is read.
When notifiedof the requestsby the inputsignals,the microprocessor

generatesfive
signalsthatare appliedto the PowerControlBoardto controlt'hecompreisionfunction:
SIGNAL MICROPROCESSOR
BRD PWRCONTROLBRD
COMP_MTR_DIR J205-1
1 J301-11
-COMP_MTR_EN J205-1
0 J301- 10
COMP_MTR_BRK J205-9 J301- 9
COMP_BRK_EN J205-8 J301- 8
COMP_MTR_CUR J205-25 J301-25
Page4-8 Revision- 0
LORAD MED.,AL
sysrE*s M.IIISERVICEMANUAL
MICROPROCESSOR
+10V
J?o1
CRT
u15
u16
9
(t
J218 COMP
o THICKNESS
1 V
1 1
POT
2 AGND
3 COMPTHICK
2
Figure4-5: CompressionThicknessInterfaceSignats
Page4-9 Revision- 0
LORAD MED.IAL
Withtheexception of the COMP_MTR_CUR signal,whichis analog,the listedsignalsare

latchedfrom the data bus by U1 on the
digital outputs of the microprocessor,
Microprocessor Board,whenstrobedby the signal .PCBEN.
4.1.5 CompressionDriveCircuitDescription
The DC compression motor,compression motorbrake,and the compression carriage

brakeallworkin conjunctionto providea force-limited
motorized pre-compression action,
maintainmanualcompression force,and providereleaseof compression. The motoris
drivenby U4 on the PowerControlBoardwhichoutputsa "+" lineand a "-" lineto the
motorthroughJ305-7and6. U1 is idleuntilthe.COMP_MTR_EN(ab|e) signalis switched
lowby the microprocessor.Directionof the motoris achievedby switchingthe polarityof
the motordrive signaloutputsfrom U4. This polarityswitchingis controlledby the
'PHASE'inputto U4,whichis the microprocessor outputsignalCOMP_MTR_DIR. This
signalis highfor upwardtravelof the compression device,and low for downwardtravel.
Compression forceis limitedby U1'scurrentlimitingof the outputvoltageto the motor.

TheanalogCOMP_MTR_CURR(ent) signal,whichis developed by D/Aconverter U45on
the Microprocessor Boardfromdatalatchedfromthedatabus,is appliedto the REFinput
to motordrive lC U4 on the PowerControlBoard.The voltagelevelat the REF input
controlsthe stallforceof the compression
motor.
The compressionmotor brake, whose functionis to eliminatebackdriveof the

compression motorwhenthe motoris not running,is energizedby the PowerControl
Boardwhen the signalCOMP_MTR_BRAKE is active.The signalis activewhen the
.COMP_MTR_EN is low.COMP_MTR_BRAKE U7 on
is coupled,throughopto-isolator
the PowerControlBoard,to the gate of FET Q8. Onesideof the electromagnetic brake
is supplied90 volts DC; the other side is tied to the sourceof FET Q8. When Q8
conducts,the 90-voltsupplyis providedwith a groundpath throughthe brake,.which
becomesactivated. WhenQ8 is turnedoff,currentflowstops,andthe brakeis released.
Thecompression carriagebrake'sfunctionis to maintain

compressionforceappliedeither
using
by the motor,or by the operator the handwheel. The carriage
LORAD MEDT,AL
brakemaintains thepositionof thecarriageon the chain.The carriagebrakeis energized

by the Power Control Board. An output signal from the Microprocessor Board,
COMP_BRK-EN, entersthe PowerControlBoardat J301-8,andis coupledthroughopto-
isolatorU6 to the gateof Q7.(Q7is on andstayson afterthe firstCOMP_DNactuation).
Onesideof the electromagnetic brakeis supplied90 voltsDC;theothersideis tiedto the
sourceof FETQ7.WhenQ7 conducts, the 9O-voltsupplyis providedwitha groundpath
throughthe brake,whichbecomesactivated. WhenQ7 is turnedoff,currentflowstops,
and the brakeis released.
4 .1.6 Compression
SignalTransitions
WhenCompression
Downis requested,
the followingsignaltransitions
occur:
A. COMP_MTR_DlR switcheslow.
B. COMP_MTR_CURR supplies analog signal proportional
to value set in
Microprocessor
Boardmemory.
c. COMP_MTR_BRK switcheslow.
.COMP_ENswitcheslow.
D.
E. COMP_BRK_EN switcheshigh.
WhenCompression
Up is requested,
the followingsignalstatesare in effect:
A. COMP_MTR_DlR switcheshigh.
B. COMP_MTR_CURR supplies anatog signal proportionalto value set in
MicroprocessorBoardmemory.
c. COMP MTR BRKswitcheslow.
.COMP_ENswitcheslow.
D.
E. COMP_BRK_EN stayshighif CompressionDownwas usedpreviously, or stays
low if Compression
Downwas not used.
r keepsthe.COMP:EN,,Signal',
microprocesso lffi ,
4 .1.7 GompressionThickness
Compression thicknesswhichis thedistancebetweenthe bottomof the compression

tray
and the top of the imagereceptoris detectedby the M-lll.Thisdistanceis
LORAD MED.,AL
determined by a potentiometer thatis turnedby a fixedtimingbelt.A drivesprocketand

idlerrotateson the fixedbeltas the compression traymoves,turninga 1O-turn,500-ohm
potentiometer,whichvariesan analogvoltagesignalsentto the Microprocessor Boardat
J218-3(Figure4-5).
4.1.8 C-Arm RotationBrake (Figure4-6)
The M-lll C-Armpivot,on whichthe C-Armis suspended,is held in place usingan

electromagneticbrakedisc that stopsC-Armrotationexceptwhen electricallyactuated.
The electromagnetic brakedisc can be disabledonly while poweris on by operator
depression of one of the "RotationRelease"pushbuttons
on the 3-or 7-position
switch
padsto positionthe C-Armat the desiredangle.
The electromagnetic brakeis releasedby the PowerControlBoardin responseto an

output signal from the Microprocessor Board (ROT_BRK_EN). The digital signal,
ROT-BRK-EN,is latchedfromthedatabusby U1,whenenabledby the signal-PCBEN.
The signalis sentout of the Microprocessor BoardoverJ205-7,and entersthe Power
ControlBoardat J301-7.Throughopto-isolator U5,the signaldrivesthe gateof FETQ6.
One sideof the electromagnetic rotationbrakeis supplied90 voltsDC;theothersideis
connected to the sourceof Q6.WhenQ6 is turnedon by the ROT_BRK_EN signaland
conducts,currentflowsthroughthe FETto ground,thus releasing the brake.WhenQ6
is turnedoff, no currentflows,thus the electromagnetic brake stops the C-Armfrom
rotating.The Microprocessor Boarddetectsan operatorrequestto releasethe rotation
brakevia the signalROT_BRK_REL(ease) whichentersthe Microprocessor Boardfrom
the 3- or 7-position switchpanelsat J214-4.The releasesignalis sentto controlbuffer
U2 untilit is strobedontothe databus by the timingsignal.CRD2.
4.1.9 Llght Field (Figure4-7)
The LIGHTFIELDrelayon the PowerControlBoardis activated throughan enablesignal

from the Microprocessor Boardwhenany LIGHTFIELDbuttonis pressed(pushbutton
inputto microprocessor is at J214-2). The LAMP_ENsignalfromthe microprocessor
(J205-19) controlsthe application
of the basevoltageto Q5 on the PowerControlBoard
(J3 0 1 -1 9Wh
). e nQ5

LORAD MEDT>AL
sysrE*s M.III SERVICE MANUAL
MICROPROCESSOR
BOARD POWERCONTROLBOARD
ROTREL
F POSmION
(PULLS
BRAKE
LOW)
ll ]SOLATK)N
TRANSFORTIER
$vDc
Figure4-6: RotationBrakeControlSignal
LORAD MED.,AL
conducts,relayK1 contactsclose,applying14 VACto the lamp.Onesideof the lampis

connected to the Kl dutput;the othersideis tieddirectlyto the otherend of the 14 VAC
secondary windingintheisolation transformer.Onceenabled, theLAMP_EN signalis held
highfor 30 secondsby the microprocessor.
4.2 C.ARMDETECTORS
AND SWITCHES
All detectorboardsand signalsas featuredin the M-lll unitare describedin Figure4-8.
4.2.1 C-ArmAngle Detector (Figure4-9)
The C-Armrotates+180degreesto the rightof the patientpositionand -165degreesto

the leftof the patientposition.
A notchedcamwitha spring-loaded followerto the rearot
the C-Armpivot,providesfirm-enough detentactionto holdthe balancedC-Armstraight
up and at detentsof +45,+90,+135,+180,-45, -90,and-135.
The spring-loaded camfollowermovesintoeachdetentas the C-Armpivotrotatesduring

ROTATIONRELEASE.A microswitch attachedto the cam followeris actuatedby each
detentpositionand sendsa digitalsignalto the Microprocessor Boardat J217-5.A 0 to
10 volt analogsignalcorresponding to the C-Armangle is developedby a 10-turn
potentiometer (500-ohm) thatsensestheangle.A timingbeltaboutthe pivotshaftrotates
as the pivot rotatesand turns a 14-toothgear attachedto the potentiometer. Gear
movementvaries the potentiometer and the analog voltage signal input to the
microprocessor at J217-3.
LORAD MEDT,AL
Power
Conlrol Board
Switches
llicroproc€ssor Boatd
11 O VAC 13VACRETURN
tsoLATtol{
TRANSFORI'ER
Figure4-7: CollimatorLampSignals
LORAD MEDTIAL
sysrEns M.III SERVICEMANUAL
LOCTRAYD€TECTBD
MAGATEREODEIECT BD
r _[_ut ) |
AEC SENSOR POSITION BOARD
Figure4-8: DetectorBoardsand Signals
LORAD MED.,AL
sysrE*s M-III SERVICE MANUAL
Hicroprocesaor Board
IO-TURH PIOT
r +roonr GEAR
TIMIiIG BELT
lRear Viewf
C.atm Argle Detector
Figure4-9:C-ArmAngleDetector
Signats

LORAD MEDT,AL
The microprocessor determines C-ARMANGLEby readingthe analogoutputof the

potentiometer.
Whena DETENTsignalfromthe microswitch is detected,
anyerrorof the
analogreadingis correctedto the closestof the detentpositions(0, 145, 190, 1135,
+180).Thecorrectionfactoris thenappliedto the analogvaluefor subsequentreadings,
untilanotherdetentpositionis detected.
4.2.2 G-ArmAccessoryDetectBoard(Figure4-10)
The AccessoryDetectPC Board,mountedwithinthe imagereceptortray, detectsa

patternof reflectivesensorson the bottomof LORADimage receptorassemblies.
Recognition of imagereceptoris usedby the microprocessor provide
to set the aperture,
gridcompensation generate
in the exposure, Buckydrivesignals,and alsoto determine
compressionthickness.The circuitboard containsfour infraredlight sourcesand
detectors.The infraredlightis reflectedfroma reflective stripon the imagereceptorand
is reflected
to the detector, thusturningit on.Theoutputsof the detectors, signalsACCl
throughACC4,are appliedto the Microprocessor BoardpinsJ215-3throughJ215-6.ln
orderto momentarily increasecurrentto the infraredlightsources,the signaloutputfrom
the Microprocessor Board,ACCEN,is switchedon just priorto the microprocessor's
readingof ACC1throughACC4.By discharging capacitorC2 on the AccessoryDetect
Board,theon-board supply,+V,receives a momentary currentsurgeto provideenhanced
operation of the lightsources.The detection threshold of eachdetectoris adjustablevia
R5 throughR8.
Small Large
(18x 24 cm) (24 x 30 cm)
(ACC4- 1) (ACel - 1)
65 cm SID Bucky. 1010 1011

52 cm SID Bucky. 1000 1001
65 cm SID Permagrid 0010 0011
52 cm SID Permagrid 0110 0111
Cassette/Sideloader 0100 0101
'''':''':'
lf a Buckyis mounted,,an6,'pr:'bpeily',;,,1
nserfeA,.:::.a.:::'aUAily4
m:olo,i,rdrive.l-s!ghat.'..(BKYDR/MTRDn,....,UAOS;B}...iiS....oUteUt
durin0.,.the'time,..thet...th.U,.,.lf
direCtfY...to..the,:.,BUCky'device V
eNAeEEi..Sig
nel.. iom,,the.i.imi
iiS,oUtput,,,f
LORAD MEDT>AL
sysrEns M-IIISERVICEMANUAL
IR BOARD
J 4t 5
YI Acc'
l'1'
i 6
2 ACC 2 5
3 ACC 3 4
u3 l nP u3t
ACCESSONY
4 ACC 4 3
DETECT B('ARD
-l ='
DGND
AccENI
Figure4-10:C-ArmAccessory
DetectSignals
LORAD MED.IAL
4.2.2.1 Buckv Interface (Fioure4-11)
The Buckyoperatesas a peripheraldeviceto the Microprocessor

in the mammography
unit.The Microprocessor
acquiresstatussignalsfromthe Bucky,andsuppliesit with115
volt DC operatingpower and an analog Bucky drive signal.The followingstatus
information
is sensedby the Microprocessor.
A. Presence
B. GridHomePosition
c. Grid End Position
The analog drive signal suppliedto the Bucky by the Microprocessor

has two
thatcontrolgrid motion:
characteristics
A. Polarity- positivevoltagemovesgrid towardHomeposition;negativevoltage

towardsEndposition.
B. Amplitude- voltageapplied(absolutevalue)determinesgrid velocityin the

directionspecifiedby its polarity.
The BuckyDriverPC Board,locatedinsidethe Buckycase,providesdrivepowerto the

motorthroughan amplifier consisting
of op-ampU1.The BuckyDriverboardreceives the
+ and- 15 voltD.C.operating powerfromthe mammography unit.The DriverBoardalso
containstwoopticalswitches thatgenerateactivelowelectrical
statussignalswheneither
by a plateon thegridcarriage.
is interrupted Oneof the opticalswitches(U3)is actuated
when the grid is at its "HOME" position,
the other(U2)whenthe grid is at the "END'
position.Thesignals,"HOME"and"END",arepassedto the Buckycontrolcircuitryin the
mammography unit.
The U1 BuckyDriveramplifieris suppliedthe analogdrivesignalthroughpotentiometer

R3,whichsetsthe amplifiergain.

LORAD MED.IAL
sysrEns M.III SERVICE MANUAL
BUCKYDRIVEBD
-tsv +15V
. IITR DR. NEG.VOLTAGE

TOLEAVEHOMEPOSITION.
. POS.VOLTAGE
REruRNTOHOIIEPOSITION.
* ACTIVELOW
Figure4-11:Bucky InterfaceSignals

LORAD MED.,AL
4.2.2.2 BuckvCvcle
A. PresenceDetection
Presence of the Buckyon the mammography unitis senseddifferently,depending

on the unit.Inthe M-lll,theAccessory Detectioncircuitnotifiesthe Microprocessor
thatthe Buckypatternhasbeenoptically sensedby the detectorunitin the image
receptortray.In mammography unitswithoutAccessory Detection capability,
the
Homeand Endsignalsare examined. Boththe Homeand Endsignalsare active
low.Whenthe gridis at the Homeposition, the Homepositionelectrical signalis
at "0",whilethe Endpositionsignalis at "1".Whenthegridis at the Endposition,
the End positionsignalis at "0" and the Homesignalat "1". Whenthe grid is
betweenHomeand End,both signalsare at "1". Mammography unitswithout
AccessoryDetectcapability lookfor one or bothsignalsto be "1" to indicatethe
presenceof the Bucky.
B. DriveHome
The Buckycontrolportionof the system'soperatingprogramwill not allowan

exposureif Buckypresenceis sensedand the grid is not sensedat the Home
positionwhenan exposure is initiated.
Sucha condition
willgenerate
a Buckyfault
(indicatedby screentext on the M-lll, and by ErrorCode 07 on other units).
Therefore,after Buckypresenceis sensed,the statusof the Homesignalis
sensed.lf the Homesignalis not at "0", the systemgeneratesthe appropriate
Buckydrivesignalto movethe gridtowardthe Homeposition.A smallpositive
offsetvoltageis continually
appliedwhenthe Buckyis idleto preventthegridfrom
creepingawayfromthe Homepositiondue to gravity.
C. Exposure
Whenan exposureis initiated,

the Buckydriveanalogsignalis switchedto its
maximum negativevalue, which moves the grid at maximum velocity,
approximately
200 millisecondsbeforex-ray emissionbegins.This velocityis
maintained
forapproximately (200milliseconds
300milliseconds pre-emission;100
milliseconds
duringemission).

LORAD MED.,AL
sysrE^s M-III SERVICE MANUAL
ACCESSORY DETECTBO
ACCl-t4
J415 1+4
AUTOAPERTUREBD
+5V
FIXED
(NO EFFECTONAUTOAP) APERTURE
(sEE TNTERLOCKS)
LG+Slt)
' +VmEi GENERAIEDAT THE POWEBCONTROL

BD,THENROUTEDTHRUTHETUBEIIANAGER
TO THEAUTOAPEBTUREBD.
Figure4-12:Auto-Aperature
DetectSlgnals

LORAD MED.,AL
By thistime,the Microprocessor hasdetermined the exposuretime,basedon the

exposuremodeandtheimagereceptor tray'sAutomatic Exposure Controlsensor.
The Microprocessor sendsdata to its on-boarddigitalto analogconverterthat
adjuststhe gridvelocityto makea nearfullpassoccurwithinthe exposuretime.
Duringtheremainder of theexposure,the Microprocessor cyclesthroughchecking
for a transition
of the Endsignal,indicating thatthe Buckyhasgonefartherthan
desired,and if this conditionis sensed,will reversethe Buckydrivesignal.
D. PostExposure
Afterthe exposure,
the Microprocessor reversesthe gridto returnit
automatically
to the Homeposition.
4.2.3 Auto-ApertureDetectBoard (Figure4-12)
The Auto-Apertureboard,whichis housedwithinthe beamlimitingassembly,servestwo

purposes:it relaysthe statusof the beam limitingcomponents, and it controlsthe
movementof a motorized, built-inslidingaperture.
A fixed aperturemust be in place beforethe unit will make an exposure.Each

removeable, fixedaperturecontainsa tab on its rearedgethat,whenthe apertureis slid
into place, interruptsa photo sensorswitch.An activehigh microprocessor signal,
*F|X_AP,is pulledlow throughthe sensorswitchwhen fixed
a apertureis not correctly
fittedintoits slide.
The auto-aperturefeatureworksin conjunctionwith the AccessoryDetectboardto limit

the x-raybeamto the formatsizeof the accessorydetectedon the imagereceptortray.
Whenan 18x 24 centimeter imagereceptor is detected, whichresides
a smalleraperture,
permanentlyin the tubehead,is pushedintothe beampathby an electrical motor.The
smallerapertureentersthe beampathabovethe removeable fixedaperture.
Thepositionof the motor-driven

smallapertureis sensedby two opticalswitches,U1 and
U2, which are actuatedby rotatingcamsin the drive linkage.Eachof the two switches
generates APINis switchedhighby U1 when
a statussignalinputto the microprocessor:

LORAD MEDT,AL
the smallapertureis in the beampath,and APOUTis switchedhighby U2, whenthe

smallapertureis retraOtedinsidethe tu6ehead.
BothAPINandApOLjTare highwhilethe
apertureis in motion.
lf the statusof APINandAPOUTindicates thatthe currentpositionof the smallaperture

doesnotagreewiththeformatsizein use,basedon datareceivedby the microprocessor
from the AccessoryDetectboard,the aperturemotor is placed into motion.Two
Microprocessor Boardoutputs,APDR1andAPDR2,startand controlthedirectionof the
aperturemotor in the beam limitingassembly.Each signalcausesa corresponding
transistorto conduct,whichin turnoperatesa relay.The relaysarewiredso as to control
the polarityof voltageappliedto the motor.Thesourceof the DC motorpowersupplyis
the +Vmvoltagedeveloped on the PowerControlBoard.WhenAPDRI ishigh,the motor
drivesthe smallaperturetowardthe beampath. Halfwaythroughapertuietravel,the
microprocessor beginsto pulseK1and K2relaysto slowdownthe motorso thataperture
motionstopsgradually. WhenAPDR2is high,the motordrivesthe smallapertureout of
thebeampath,towardits retractedposition.The Microprocessor drivesthe aperturein the
appropriate directionuntil the statusof APIN and APOUTagreeswith ihe currentty
detectedimagereceptorformat.The motorstopswhen both ApDRI and ApDR2are
switchedlow by the microprocessor.
M-lllAuto-Aperturetnput
Signalsto the Microprocessor APIN APOUT
SmallAperture L
LargeAperture L H
Aperturein transit H H
M-lllAuto-Aperture
Output
Signalsfrom the Microprocessor APDRl APDR2
ExtendSmallAperture
RetractSmallAperture
Stop Drive
I
LORAD MED.,AL
sysrE^s M.III SERVICEMANUAL
Microprocessor
Board MagTray DetectBoard
+5v
MAGTRAYSENSOR
LEFTMAGSLOT
FORWARDSENSOR
* HIGH=ON
Figure4-13:MagTray DetectSignals
LORAD MED.>AL
4.2.4 Mag Tray DetectBoard (Figure4-13)
The Magnification Tray DetectBoard insidethe left side mag tray slot detectsthe
presenceof the magnification trayor StereoLoc usingphotointerrupter
integrated
circuits.
lf a magnificationtray is inserted,the front sensorof the Mag Tray DetectBoardis
bfockedanda statussignalMAGTRAYis sentfromJ419-2to themicroprocessor J2164.
lf a StereoLocis inserted,bothsensorsof the MagTray DetectBoardare blockedand
a statussignalSTEREOis sentfromJ419-1to the microprocessor, J216-3.
The needlelocalizationtray is detectedthroughthe sensingof reflective

tagson it by an
infraredlightsourceandsensorboardin a windowof thecompression carriageassembly.
Whenthe reflective tag is sensed,a highlogicsignal(LOCTRAY)is passedthrough
J419-5on the MagTrayDetectBoardandappliedto the Microprocessor Boardat J216-5.
4.2.5 RadiationShieldSwitch(Figure4-14)
A microswitchat the bottomof the two hingesof the radiation

shieldis actuatedwhenthe
shieldis opened. Whentheshieldis opened, an activehighsignal,DOORlNT,is sentto
the Microprocessor Boardat J213.Duringthe machinesetup,the ExposureTechnique
Data Linewill remainin STANDBYand not displayREADYuntilthe radiationshieldis
opened.
Microprocessor
Board
J?t3
+5V
Figure4-14:RadiationShieldSwitchSignal

LORAD MEDT,AL
SECTIONFIVE:
REMOVALAND REPLACEMENT
PROCEDURES
5.1 GENERALINFORMATION
The M-lll shouldonly be servicedby a LORAD-authorized, trainedtechnician.The M-lll is

designedfor modulelevelrepair.Oncea defective moduleis identified,
it is replacedwitha new
one, and the defectivepart shippedbackto the factoryfor repair.
5.2 CONTROLCONSOLECABINETLAYOUT
The ControlConsolehousesthe electronic controlcircuitry,

the x-raytubepowersupplies,and
the electromechanicalcontrolcircuits.
The DATAPORT system,comprised of the CRTassembly
and the controlkeyboard,is mountedon a panelat the top of the ControlConsole.The printer
is attachedto the pushbar,nearthe keyboard,on a removableshelf.Beneaththe DATAPORT
controlpanel,on a shelfinsidethe console,the Microprocessor Board,the Peripheral
Interface
Board,anda fuseblockfor the LowVoltagePowerSupplyare mounted. Thesecomponents are
accessedfromabove(Figure5-1).
On the leftsideof theControlConsole,

opposite
theoperatorstation,threemodulesaremounted
beneaththe coverpanel(Figure5-2).The Tube ControlBoardis mountedtowardthe rear
(pushbarpanel)of the unit;and the PowerControlBoardis mountednextto the TubeControl
Board.The LowVoltagePowerSupplyis abovethe PowerControlBoard.On the rightsideof
the ControlConsolemountedon a plateis the printerpowersupply.
A shelfmountedmidwayin the ControlConsolesupportsthe HighVoltageGenerator,

whichis
coveredby a protective
metalcage(Figure5-2).
Page5-1 Revision
-4
LORAD MED.,AL
Printer
Assembly
illllili:::
Peripheral
lnterface
Board Low Voltage
PowerSupply
Keyboard FuseBlock
Microprocessor
Figure5-1:ControlGonsolePCBand PrinterLocations
Page5-2 Revision- 7
LORAD MED.>AL
sysrEns M.III SERVICE MANUAL
PowerControl
Board
TubeControl
Board
High Voltage
Generat
Actuator
Input Power
lsolation Panel
Transformer
Figure5-2: ControlConsolePCB Locations,

High VoltageGenterator,and lsolation Transformer
Page5-3 Revision- 0
LORAD MED.>AL
On the bottomshelfwithinthe ControlConsole,the isolation is mountedat the rear

transformer
againstthe pushbarpanel.The InputPowerPanel,which containsline fuses and the line
contactor,
is nearthe isolation
transformer
againstthe leftwall.See Figure5-2.
In front,at the C-Armendof the console,a verticalcabinethousesthe VerticalTravelAssembly

(VTA),which rides up and down insidethe cabineton two metalshafts.A linearactuator,
isolation-mounted to the ControlConsolebaseplate, drivesthe VTA up and down.The C-Arm
pivottube is attachedto the VTA.At the rearof the VTA,the C-Armpivotis connectedto a cam
disc,whichrotatesalongwiththepivot.Thediscis equipped withan electromagnetic
brakewhich
locksthe pivotto preventC-Armrotationunlessthe brakeis electricallyactuated.The disc cam
is equippedwithnotches(detents) at +45,+90,+135,+180,-45,-90,and -135degrees.A cam
follower,attachedto a microswitch, rides on the edge of the cam and detectseach detent
position.A 1O{urnpotentiometer, connectedby a belt reductionsystemto the cam,is turned
when the C-armis rotated.The microswitch and the potentiometer feed the microprocessor
information when the C-armis rotatedand the C-Armangle,in one degreeincrements, is
displayed on 3-digitLEDreadouts on eachsideof theverticalcabinet.The C-armpivotis hollow,
and interconnections betweenthe ControlConsoleandthe C-Armpassthroughit.
5.3 REMOVALand REPLACEMENT

of CONTROLCONSOLEASSEMBLIES
(Figures5-3 and 5-4)
The followinginstructionsexplainthe removalprocedures

for the components and modules
housedwithinthe M-lll ControlConsole.The replacement
procedures are typicallythe reverse
of the orderof removalstepsunlessstatedotherwise.
5.3.1 RearCover (PushbarPanel)
It is not necessaryto removethe console'srearcoverfor normalservice.Accessto the

interiorof the ControlConsoleis gainedby removalof the top,left,and rightsidepanels.
The printerassembly andprinterassemblymountare liftedfromthe pushbarhandleand

slid off the handle.
Page5-4 Revision- 4
LORAD MED.,AL
Rear vTA
Panel
.. ,,
/\ ta
,' t'
,,
PushbarPan€l
and PJlnterAssembly
I
Keyboard Panel
l ri
ltl
ti
a,
li
ti
at
|'i
il
- Right side i
, Panel i
| ------'-
l-";-
Figure5-3: ControlConsoleComponenVCover
Removal
Page 5-5 -4
Revision
LORAD MED.,AL
CRTAssembly
CableEnclosure
,-
SliderBase
/ Fasteners
.-.---- i l l
.----fl"
Hole Plugs
RightSi
-it1 la - --------
t /4 -Turn
tl
i
: hasteners
L________r________
Left Side
!
Panel
Flgure5-4:ControlConsoleComponenUCover
Removal(continued)
Page5-6 Revision- 0
LORAD MED.IAL
5.3.2 Left and Right Side Panets
A. The leftsidepanel(patientleft)mustbe removedbeforethe rightsidepanel.
B. Gentlypry off the two decorativehole plugs and releasethe two 1/4-turnscrews
counterclockwisebeneaththe plugs.
C. Tiltthe top of the panelawayfromthe unit,thenpullup off the locatingpinsat the base
and pullthe panelaway.
D. Lookinginside,throughthe exposedleftsideof the consolecabinet,locatethe two 1/4

turn fastenersinsidethe left side abovethe HighVoltageGeneratorcagethat extend
throughthe consoleto the rightsidepanel.Turnthe fasteners1/4 turnCCWto release
the rightsidepanel.
. E. Movearoundto the rightsideof the unitand removethe panelin the samemanneras

in stepC.
5.3.3 DATAPORTKeyboardand panel
The KeyboardPanelis removedto gain accessto the Keyboard,the Microprocessor

Board,the Peripheral
Interface
Board,or the LowVoltagePbwerSupplyfuseblock.
A. Liftthe frontedgeof the keyboardpaneland carefully

slideit towardyou.
B. Two hookson the insidetop edgeof thepanelmakeit easyto hangthe panelon the front
moldingforservicing
theMicroprocessor Board,the Peripheral
Interface
Board,or theLow
VoltagePowerSupplyFuseBlock.
5.3.4 RearVerticalTravelAssemblyCoverPanel
A. Releasethe two 1/4{urnfasteners,

one at eachsideof the top of the RearVTA panel.
B. coverpanelupward.
Slidethe single-piece
5.3.5 UpperFront VTA Cover Panel
A. Releasethe two 1/4-turn

fasteners;
one on eachsideof the top of the UpperVTACover
panel.
Page5-7 Revision- 4
LORAD MED.,AL
B. LowertheC-Armby pressingtheC-ARMDOWNbutton.Rotateit 90 degreesby pressing

the C-ARMROTATION button.
c. Slidethe Uppercoverup aboutan inch,stretchthe sidesoutwardand slidethe panel

awayfromthe consolein the C-armdirectionto clearthe insidecomponents.
5.3.6 Lower Front VTA Cover Panel
A. Removethe upperfrontVTAcoverpanelas described

above.
B. Usingthe C-ARMUP/DOWN
switches,
centertheC-Armat approxim
ately1/2of itstravel
distance.
c. Releasethe 1/4turnfastenerson eachsideof the bottompanel.
D. Slidethispanelup aboutan inchandthenstretchits sidesoutwardso thatthepanelcan

slidetowardthe C-armand off the VTAframe.
5.3.7 High VoltageGenerator
A. the inputpowercablefromthe M-lll.

Disconnect
B. Removethe Leftand Rightsidepanels.(Referto Section5.3.2.).
c. Locatethe neonbulbwithinthe HighVoltageGeneratorcage.lt indicatesthe charge

condition of the highvoltagecapacitor
in thegenerator.
lt stayslit,evenwithpowerOFF,
when 100 or morevoltsis presentin the capacitor.MAKESURETHE NEONBULBlS
E X T IN GU IS H EFDOR5 MINUTES BEFORE PROCEEDlNG.
D. Removethe highvoltagecableto the generator

(thetop plugof two at the patientleftof
the generator).
E. Disconnectthe ribbon cable that connectsthe High Voltage Generatorto the

MicroprocessorBoard,andthe in-lineharnessconnector
thatsuppliesthe 230-voltinput
nearthe rearof the generator.
F. Removethe four 114-20

boltsat the cornertabsof the generatorcage.
G. Liftthe generatorout of the unitwiththe cageattached.
Page5-8 Revision- 3
LORAD MED.,AL
5.3.8 Low VoltagePowerSupptyand LVpS Fuse Btock
A. Removethe leftsideconsolecover.
B. Removeall electricalconnections
fromthe Low VoltagePowerSupply,the uppermost
boardon the leftside.
C. Removethe screwsthatsecurethe boardto the metalstandoffsand liftthe boardoff.
D. The LowVoltagePowerSupplyfuseblockis accessedas statedin Section5.3.3.
5.3.9 PowerControl Board
B. Removeallelectrical
connections
fromthePowerControlBoard,locatedbeneaththe Low
VoltagePowerSupply.
C. Removethe screwsthat securethe boardto the metalstandoffsand lift the boardoff.
5.3.10 X-RayTube ControtBoard
B. Removeall electrical
connections
fromthe TubeControlBoard.
C. Removethe screwsthat securethe boardto the metalstandoffsand lift the boardoff.
5.3.11 MicroprocessorBoard
A. Suspendthe keyboardpanelas directedin SectionS.9.3.
B. Notethepositionsof thecableconnections
to theMicroprocessor
Board.Thendisconnect
all powerand controlconnectors.
C. Removethe screwsthat securethe Microprocessor

Boardto the metalstandoffsand lift
the boardout.
5.3.12 PeripheratInterfaceBoard
Followthe instructions
for removing
the Microprocessor
Board.
Page5-9 Revision- 3
LORAD MED.,AL
5.3.13 CRTAssembly
A. Detachthe cableenclosure to therearof theleftsidepanelbyremoving

four6-32screws.
This enclosureroutesthe CRTvideocableto the Microprocessor Boardand the power
cordto the CRT.
B. Removethe leftsideconsolepanel(Section5.3.2)andthe DATAPORT keyboardpanel

(Section5.3.3);unplugthe videocablefrom the Microprocessor
Boardand the power
cablefromthe rearof the CRT monitor.
c. Stand behindthe CRT screen and removethe CRT monitorfrom the assembled
baseplates
on the innerconsoleshelfby turningthe brassconednut counterclockwise
beneaththe sliderbase.
D. Liftthe CRTfromthe sliderbase.(TheCRTis removedwiththe plasticbaseattachedby

a wavewasherand stampednut.).
5.3.14 lnputPowerPanel
A.
A
Removethe leftsidepanelfromthe ControlConsole.
B. Notethe positionsof the wireson the terminalsof the lnputPowerPanel,then remove

the wires.
c. Removethe four 1/4-20boltsthatholdthe Inputpowerpanelto the base.
5.3.15 PrinterPowerSupply
A. Removethe rightsidepanelfromthe ControlConsole.
B. Removethe printerpowersupplyand mountingplateat the bottomof the consoleby

removingthe fourmountingboltsattachedto the mainframe.
5.4 C-ARMASSEMBLYLAYOUT (Figure5-5)
The C-Armis a separatesubassembly containing

the x-raytubeheadassembly,compression
device,imagereceptortray,andthe switchesandsensorsthatcommunicate statusandoperator
requeststo the Microprocessor
Board.The C-Armassemblies are supportedby a rigidframe,
attachedthrouoh
LORAD MED.,AL
3+OSmON 7-POSmON
CARMSWIICH CARMSWITCH
X-RAYTUBEHEAD
f\4AGTRAYATEREosLoTs
COMPRESSION \
DEVICE
\ -\\
CONNECTOR
II4AGERECEFTOR
TI?AY
7-POSmON
C{RM SWITCH
Figure5-5: C-ArmAssemblyLocation
LORAD MEDT,AL
the pivottubeto the VerticalTravelAssemblyin the ControlConsole.The pivottubeis hollow,

andcableinterconnections betweenControlConsolecomponents and C-Armcomponents pass
throughit.TheC-Armframeis provided witha leadcountenrueightto offsettheweight
of thex-ray
tubehead, providinga weightbalancewithrespectto thepivotpoint.Twoslotsin the frontof the
C-Armframepermitthe Magtray or StereoLoc deviceto be installed.
5.4.1 X-RayTubeheadAssembly
The x-raytubeheadassemblyat the top of the C-Armcontainsthe x-raytubeand beam

limitingassembly.Thex-raytubeis enclosedwithintwocovers,an upperanda lead-lined
lower.The lowercovercontainsthe attachment pointfor the protective
faceshield.The
dualfocalspot, rotatinganodex-raytubeis mountedin a cradlebetweentwo
oil-insulated,
armsthatextendoutfromtheC-Armframe.Justbehindthe x-raytube,thereis a terminal
blockthatconnectsthe x-raytubewiringharnessto the systemwiringharness.Attached
to the terminalblockis a smallprintedcircuitboard(the Tube Protection Board)that
containszenerdiodesfor filamentprotection
anda 1%tolerance1O-ohm resistor,
across
whichx-raytubecurrentis measured.
Mountedbelowthe x-raytube is the BeamLimitingAssembly,consistingof slidesto

mountinterchangeable fixed apertures, board(motor,linkage,and
the Auto-Aperture
aperturesensors),a beamdepthslide,and the LightFieldassembly,
whichconsistsof
an adjustable
lampbracketanda fixed-mount mirror.
5.4.2 CompressionDevice(Figure5-5)
The compression deviceconsistsof a DC motor,electromagnetic motorbrake,and

gearboxmountedbehindand slightlybelowthe imagereceptortray;a chaintensioner,
locatednear the top of the C-Arm;a continuous loop of chain;and the compression
carriageassembly. Thecompression carriageis enclosed withinupperandlowercovers,
whichare alsoattached to the compression bellows.Thecompression carriageslideson
linearbearingsup and downtwo shaftsat the frontof the C-Armframe.A spring/pulley
counterbalance arrangement at the rightside of the C-Armbalancesthe weightof the
carriage.The carriagecontainsa sprocketand idlerassembly, throughwhichthe chain
is threaded,a handwheel shaftand one-wayclutch,and
LORAD MEDT,AL
Chain Tensioner
Compression
Cornpression
Motor Brake
Lead Counterweight
Figure5-6: CompressionDeviceand SlngleCollimatorBlade
LORAD MEDTIAL
L'
an electromagneticcompression forcebrake.The compression carriagealsocontainsa
sprocketand idlerthioughwhicha stationarytimingbelt is threaded.As the carriage
movesup and down,the sprocketturnson the stationary timingbelt.A potentiometer
attachedto the sprocketsuppliesa variablevoltageto the microprocessor whichusesit
to determinecompression thickness.The LocalizationTray Sensor,a sensordevice
behindthe frontwallof the compression carriage,
detectsa reflective
labelon the LORAD
LocalizationCompression Tray and communicates its presenceor absenceto the
microprocessor.
5.4.3 lmageReceptorTray
The imagereceptortrayattachesto the C-Armframeand contains,undera leadedtop

cover,the AEC Sensorassembly,the AccessoryDetectBoard,and the AEC Sensor
PositionDetector. A shaftextendsdownwardfromthe AECSensorassembly, througha
slot at the bottomof the imagereceptortray, to permitthe operatorto movethe AEC
sensor(attached to the slide)fonruard
or back.Two electricalconnectorsunderthe top
coverconnectthe imagereceptortraywiringto the systemharness.
5.4.4 Switches
Four7-position switchpanelsandone3-position switchpanelarepresenton the C-Arm.

Two of the 7-switchpanelsare housedon oppositesidesof the tubehead; the othertwo
are on the oppositesidesof the imagereceptortrayframe.Both7-position panelson the
rightside of the unit are mirrorimagesof the ones on the left.The 7-positionswitch
panelseachcontainthreeLEDindicators. OneLEDat a timelightsto indicatetheposition
of the AEC Sensorboard,althoughthe AEC sensormay be positionedanywherein
between.The 3-position switchpanelis housedon the top of the tubehead.
5.4.5 MiscellaneousC-ArmComponentLayout
Just insidethe MagTraylStereoLoc slot,the MagTray/Stereo

Detectboard,containing
two photointerrupter
devices,is mounted.Belowthe left MagTray/Stereo
slot,an edge-
type electricalconnector,which is providedsome movementby a flexiblemount,is
providedfor automaticinsertionof the Buckyelectrical
connector.
LORAD MED.IAL
5.5 REMOVALand REPLACEMENT

oF C.ARMCOMPONENTS
(Figure5.7)
5.5.1 PatientHandle
A. Rotatethe C-Armto + or - 90 degrees.
B. Removethe fourdecorative
plasticholeplugs;two on eachsideof the patienthandle.
C. Removethe 1/4-20socketheadcap screwsand spacersbeneatheachdecorativehole

plug.
D. Liftoff the PatientHandle.
5.5.2 C-ArmSide Covers
A. Rotatethe C-armto + or - 90 degrees.
B. Flemove thebottomsafetyswitchpanel.Thesafetyswitchpanelis detachedby removing

the two holeplugsat the bottom;then removingthe two 8-32socketheadcap screws
inside.
C. Notethe positionsof the wireson the safetyswitchterminaland then unplugthe wire

connections
to the safetyswitchpanel.Set tne safetyswitchpanelaside.
D. Slidethe C-Armsidecoversoutwardfromthe bottom.
5.5.3 C-ArmTop Gover
A. Removethe two decorative

holeplugson the coverstop surface,then removethe two
10-32socketheadcap screwsbeneath.
B. Slidethe C-Armtop coveroff towardthe console.
5.5.4 G-ArmUpperRearCover
A. Removethe C-Armtop cover(Section5.5.3).
B. Slidethe upperrearcoverup and out.
LORAD MED.,AL
Hendle
.--.-..-Hole Plugs
HolePlugs Head Cap Screws
1/4-20Socket
Head Cap Screwg
Nl_,if"'epruss
\-
Garm Top Panel
UpperTube....---.._-_
^
q4 /'t,tU
1._U-,."'
1/4-20Socket
HeadCap Screws
_-------a'
HeadEnclosure -*"Lf_
_.. i
LowerTube
HeadEnclosure
,- Garm Lower
'/- RearCover
Garm Side Panel _
Garm Bottom Pancl Garm SidePanel

1/'l-20 Socket
HeadCap Scrcws
Hole Plugs
Figure5.7:C-ArmComponenUCover
Removal
LORAD MED.,AL
5.5.5 C-Arm Lower RearCover
A. Removethe C-armbottomsafetyswitchpanelas describedin Section5.5.2.
B. Removethe two holeplugsandthenthe two 114-20 socketheadcap boltsof the patient

handle(section5.5.1)to swingthe handleawayfromthe coverexitpath.
C. PullouttheC-Armlowerrearcoverfromtheassembly
sideflanges,andremovethecover
by slidingit down.
5.5.6 CompressionCarriageCovers
A. Removethe foursmallscrews(twoon eachside)nextto the handwheel

shaft.
B. Each half of the cover,attachedto the compression
bellows,will pull awayfrom the
compression carriage.
5.5.7 TubeheadEnclosureCovers
\-, A' Removethe fixedapertureassemblyfromthe slidein the frontsurfaceof the tubehead.
B- Squeezethe sidesof the bottomtubeheadenclosure

inwardto snapit loosefromthe top
cover.Thisreleasesthe bottomcover.Usecautionnotto damagethe cover'sleadlining
duringremoval.
C. Frombeneaththefrontedgeof the uppercover,removethe twosocketheadscrewsthat

passthroughtwo bracketsintothe upperenclosure
casting.
D- Pullthe upperenclosure
coverawayfromthe C-Armso the fourlocatingpinson its rear
edgeare releasedfromthe holesin the C-Armframe.
5.5.8 CompressionMotor Assembly
The compressionmotor, gearbox,drive sprocket,compressionmotor brake, and

compression motormountingbracketare removedas a unit.Individual
components
can
be replacedoncethe assemblyis removedfromthe machine.See Figure5-6.
A. Removethe upperand lowerrearC-Armcovers(Sections

5.5.4and 5.5.5).
LORAD MED.IAL
B. Removethelowercompression carriagecover(Section raisethecompression

5.5.6);then
carriageto its maximum.Allowthe lowercompression carriagecover,whichremains
attachedto the lowercompression
bellows,to lie on the imagereceptortray.
c. (Section
Usingthe chaintensionadjuster 9.1),makethe chainslack.
D. FrombehindtheC-Arm,loosenandremovethesinglesocketheadshoulderscrew(screw
A, Figure5-6)thatholdsthe compression
motorbraketo the siderail.
E. Fromthefrontsideof theC-Arm,reachin behindtheimagereceptor tray,andloosenand

removethe two recessedsocketheadcap screwsthat threaddownward,throughthe
crossmember, intothe top of the compressionmotorbracket(screwB, Figure5-6).The
frontscrewis quitecloseto thebacksideof thecompressionbellows,andmaybe difficult
to locate.Useof a "T" handlehex key (9/64")is recommended.
F. The compression motorassemblyshouldnowbe loose.Notethe polarityof the wiresto

the motor,then disconnectthem. Likewise,note the placementof the wires on the
compression motorbrakeand removethem;then lift the compressionmotorassembly
fromthe machine.
G. Whenreplacing the compressionmotor,notethatthe motorterminals

mustbe rotated90
degreesupwardand awayfromthe rearC-Armcover.Thisadjustment ensuresthatthe
motorterminalwiresdo not shortagainstthe backpanel.
5.5.9 Beam LimitingAssembly(Figure5-8)
The BeamLimitingAssemblyattachesto the tubeheadframewithfoursocketheadcap

screws.Removethe unitas an assemblyto accessthe componentparts.
A. Removethe upperandlowertubehead (Section

enclosures 5.5.7).
B. Note the positionsof the wireson the Auto-ApertureBoardand then disconnect

the
electrical
connectionson the consolesideof the Auto-Aperture
PC Board.
LORAD MED.,AL
X-RAYTUBE
AUTOAPERTURE
COMPRESSIONTHICKNESS
IVIAG/STEREO
SENSOR POTENTIOMETER
AND
TIMINGBELT
ITVIAGE
RECEPTOR
TRAYCOVER - DETECTPCB
ACCESSORY
AEC POSITION
DETECTOR AND
AMPLIFIERLOCATION
NEEDLELOCTRAYSENSOR
AND POTEMIOMETER
Figure5-8:C-ArmComponent
& DetectorBoardLocailons
LORAD MED.,AL
\r
C. Frombeneaththe tubehead,removethe four socketheadcap screwsthat securethe
BeamLimitingAssemblyto the tubeheadframe.
D. Lowerthe BeamLimitingAssemblyto removeit fromthe machine.
5.5.10 lmage ReceptorTray Cover(Figure5-8)
A. Removethe two socketheadset screwsfrombeneaththe imagereceptortraycover.
B. Slidethe imagereceptortraycoveroff,awayfromthe C-Arm.
5.5.11 AEC PositionDetectorPCB (Figure5-8)
A. Removethe imagereceptortraycoveras describedin section5.5.10.
B. Removethe metalplateby removingthe six screwsthat holdit to the frameand lift the
plateoff.
C. Removethe AEC PositionDetectorBoard,attachedto the leftof the AEC amplifier

slide
mount,by unscrewing
two 8-32panheadscrewson the sideof the mount.
5.5.12 AEC AmplifierPCB(Figure5-8)
A. Removethe imagereceptor traycoveras described

in Section5.5.10andthemetalplate
u n d e rn e a ith
n S e cti o 5
n .5.11.
B. Removethe cablebracketand slidethe AECSensorAssemblyto the rear.
C. Removethe 6 10-32flatheadscrewssecuring the leadcoverto theAECslidemount.Be

sure not to damagethe foil windowof the AEC coverwhichfiltersx-raysto the light
sensorof the AECamplifier
board.Thendetachtwo panheadscrewsalongwithtwo lock
washersand two regularwashersto removethe slidehandleof the AEC slidemount.
D. Removethe remaining
6 4-40screwsthatsecurethe AECamplifier
boardto the bottom
slidemount.
Page5-20 Revision
-0
LORAD MED.IAL
5.5.13 AccessoryDetectPCB (Figure5-8)
A. Removethe imagereceptortraycoverandmetalplateunderneath
(Sections
5.5.10and
s.5 .11 ).
B. Removethe fourslottedpanheadscrewsthatsecurethe AccessoryDetectboardto the

patientrightof the innerimagereceptortray.(TheAccessoryDetectBoardis identified
by the fourvisiblepotson the board.)
5.5.14 X-RayTube (Figure5-8)
A. Removethe C-Armtop cover,behindthe tubehead,

fromthe C-Arm(Section5.S.g).
B. Removethe upperand lowertubeheadenclosures
describedin Section5.5.7.
c. Loosenthe bandclampnearthe rear end of the x-raytube,enoughto slip the clamp
rearwardover the stud at the bottom.
D. Frombeneaththe BeamLimiting Assembly,removethetwosocketheadcapscrewsthat

threadupwardthroughthe mirrormounting
bracketto thex-raytubeport,andremovethe
mirrormountingbracketand mirror.
E. Removethe two socketheadcapscrewsthatthreadupwardthroughthe tubeheadframe

at the frontedgeof the tubeport.
F. Disconnect the high tensionleadfrom the x-raytube by turningit counterclockwise

to
releaseit and thenpullingit out.
G. Unscrewthe retainingringon the low tensionconnector;

thenpullit fromthe x-raytube
receptacle.
H. Liftthe x-raytubefromthe cradle.
t. Afterreinstalling
the x-raytube,verification
or adjustment of the lightfietd(Section6) as
welfas adjustment of the x-rayfieldis required(Section2.22.3orSection7.1).
5.5.15 Light Field Lamp (Figure5-8)
A. Removetheupperandlowercoversfromthetubehead
enclosure
as described
in Section
5 .5 .7 .
LORAD MED.zAL
B. Fromthe leftsideof the tubehead,

reachin and removethe lampfromits socket.
C. Wheninstallinga new lamp,use care not to touchthe bulb.Greasedepositedby the

fingerscancausethe bulbto fail.
5.5.16 Mag Tray/StereoDetectorpCB (Figure5-8)
A. Removethe leftc-Arm sidecoverdescribedin sections.5.2.
B. Removethe two flatheadsocketscrewsin the frontof the C-Arm,aboveand belowthe

magtrayslot,thatholdthe backingplate.
C. Disconnectthe electricalconnection,
and removethe two recessedsockethead cap
screwsto detachthe circuitboardfromthe backingplate.
5.5.17 RotationSensors
The M-lllrotationsensor,attachedto the rearof the VTAnearthe camdisc,is madeup

of two separateassemblies: a microswitch (fora digitalsignal)and a 1O-turn,
500-ohm
potentiometer/14-tooth
gear/timingbeltassembly(foran analogsignal).
5.5.17.1 DetentPositionMicroswitch
A. Removethe rearVTAcover(SectionS.3.4).
B. Detachthe two panheadscrewsthatholdthe switchto its mount.
C. Whenreplacing the switch,notethatthe positionof the mountingscrewscontrols

the heightof the switch.Adjustswitchheightwiththe arm in a detentposition,
so
thatthe switchis onlyactuatedwhenthe arm is in a detentposition.
5.5.17.2 RotationAnqte Potentiometer
A. Removethe rearVTAcover(SectionS.3.4).
B. Removethe two regulartypescrewswhichholdthe potentiometer

bracketon.
C. Loosenthe clampscrewinsidethe potentiometer

LORAD ueorcnL
sysrEns M.III SERVICEMANUAL
mountingbracket.Removethe clampand sprockettogether.See Figure5-9.
D. potentiometer
Removethe 1/2-inch nutandthe potentiometer.
E. Unsolderthe threewiresfromthe potentiometer

(green,yellow,and white),and
replacethe potentiometer.
SeeFigure5-10.
F. Disconnect
the detentmicroswitch.
G. the potentiometer
Whenreinstalling leavethe clampscrewloose.
H. Rotatethe C-Armfullyto patientleft(-165degrees).
t. With a bladedscrewdriver,
turn the pot fully clockwise;then back off 1l6-turn
counterclockwise.
J. Tightenthe clampscrew.
K. Reconnect
the detentmicroswitch.
Repowerthe machineand test.
POTENTIOMETER
CTAMPSCREW
IIII
\
\
SPROCKET
CTAMP
Figure5-9: RotationAnglePotentiometer

LORAD MED.>AL
sysrEMs M-I!I SERVICEMANUAL
7/64-tNCH
HEXHEAD
SCREW
CLAMPSCREW
POTENTIOMETER
WHITE
SPROCKET
CI.AMP
Figure5-10:RotationPotentiometer
Assembly
5.5 . 1 8 CompressionSensor
A. Bemovethe compression carriagecovers(Section

5.5.6)to accessthe 10-turn,
500-ohm
potentiometer
at the leftrearof the compression
carriageassembly.
B. Removethe two screwsthatholdthe potentiometer
bracketin place.See Figure5-11.
c. Loosenthe glampscrewon the outsideof the potentiometer
mountingbracket;then
removethe clampand sprockettogether.
D. Removethe 1/2-inchpotentiometer
nut and removethe pot.
E. Desolderthethreewireconnections
(white,red,andblack)fromthe pot;thenreplacethe
pot.See Figure5-12.
F. Reinstalleverything
in reverseorderexceptfor the clamp.Leavethe clampscrewloose;
an adjustmentmustbe madebeforeit is tightened. See Section9.
LORAD MED.,AL
HARNESS
GUIDE
\
[1u
BRACKET
MOUNTING
scREws7/6+!NCH
HEX HEAD
Figure5-11: Compressionpotentiometer
7/64-tNCH
HEX HEAD
SCREW
CLAMPSCREW
POTENTIOMETER
W--l
rffi
CLAMP
SPROCKET
Figure5-12:CompressionPotentlometer
Assembly
LORAD ue,coL sYsrEMs M.IIISERVICEMANUAL
5.5.19 Board(Figure5-8)
Auto-Aperture
A. Removethe BeamLimiting
Assembly
fromthe tubehead
(Section
5.5.9).
B. Removethe two screwsthatattachthe boardto its mountingbracket.
C. Disconnect
the two frontelectrical
connectors
on the Auto-Aperture
Board.
D. Notetheconnectionsfromthecircuitboardto theaperturemotor,thenunsolder
the motor
wiresfromthe board.
E. The Auto-Aperture
boardshouldnowbe free.
5.5.20 LocalizationTray SensorPCBand Potentiometer

(Figure5-8)
\--l A. Removethe compression

carriagecoversas describedin Section5.5.6.
B. Locatethe Localization
TraySensorPCBat the frontcenterof the compression
cariage
assembly,and removethe four4-40panheadscrews,roundspacers,lock-internaltooth
washers.
C. Detachthe3-wireelectrical
connector
to the Localization
TraySensorboardand remove
the board.
5.5.21 LEDAngleDisplayBoard
A. Removethe upperfrontVTApanel(Section
5.3.5)andlocatethemountsforthe rightand
left LEDdisplays.
B. Removetwo 6-32socketheadscrewsto detacheachdisplay.
C. Disconnect
the ribboncableto eachLEDdisplayboardto liftthe boardoff.
LORAD MEDrcALsysrEUs M-IIISERVICEMANUAL
5.6 FUSELOCATIONS
AND RATINGS(Ftgure5-13)
Mlcroprocessorand Low VoltaoeLoolc power Sunplv:
F1 2.0 (120V ACy1.0Amp(2OgV AC),SlowBlow250 V AC MaximumLine

Voltage.
Low VoltaoePowerSupplv Fuse Block:
Fl 5.0 AmpsSlowBlow,+5 V DC to Microprocessor.

F2 1.0Amp SlowBlow,-1SV DC to Microprocessor.
Fg 1.0Amp SlowBlow,.+l5V DC to Microprocessor.
Power Control Board:
F1 3 Amps,Slow Blow- AC Inputto +90V powerSupply.

F2 3 Amps,Slow Blow- AC Inputto +90V powerSuppt!.
F3 15 Amps,Slow Blow- AC Inputto V. Supply
F4 2 Amps,Slow Blow- DC lnputto CompressionDrive.
F5 5 Amps,SlowBlow- V, Ouput to FilamentSupplyon TubeControlBoard
and V, to Auto-Aperture
Board.
F6 8 Amps,Slow Btow- AC for Actuator.
Tube GontrolBoard:
F1 4 Amps,Slow Blow- X-RayTube Fitament.

F2 8 Amps,NormalBlow- RotorDriveAC Input.
F3 8 Amps,NormalBlow- RotorDriveAC Input.
F4 8 Amps,NormalBlow- 0 V AC Common.
Hlqh VoltaoeGenerator:
F1 15 Amps,600 V FastBlow- 300 VoltDC Bus.

F2 182 Amp,StowBlow- AC in to +15VBiaspowerSupply.
F3 10 Amps,500 V Slow Blow- 200 V AC Inputto HighV6tiageGenerator.
F4 10 Amps,500 V Slow Blow- 200 V AC Inputto Hiln Voftale Generator.
Input PowerPanel:
F1 0.1 Amp, Slow Blow- AC Inputto InputPowerPanelOnboardpower

SuPPly.
F2 0.1 Amp, Slow Blow- AC Inputto InputPowerPanelOnboardpower
Supply.

LORAD MED.>AL
sysrE*s M-IIISERVICEMANUAL
(Fr)2.0A
LVPS= (120V) (208V),
/ 1.0A S.8.250V
(Fl)sAS.B.
FB=
LVPS (F3)1AS.B.
(F2)1AS.B.
PCB= (F1)3AS.8
3AS.B. (F2)15AS.B. (F3)
2AS.B.(F4)5AS.B.(Fs)3AS.8.(F6)
.
(Fr)8AN.8.(F2)8AN.8.(F3)&qN.B.
4AS.B.
TCB= (F4)
HVG=lsA600V(F1)1/32AS.B.(F2)
10As00vs.B.(F3)10A500v s.B.(F4)
rPP= (Fl)o.1A
0.1AS.8. S.B.(F2)
Access
Flom
0pposite
Side
Figure5-13:FuseLocationsand Ratings
LORAD MEDTIAL
SECTIONSIX:
CHECKINGAND ADJUSTING
LIGHTFIELD
6.1 GENERALINFORMATION
Becausethe technologist usesthe lightfieldto collimate

the x-raybeam,it is important
thatthe
bordersof the lightfieldcoincidewiththe bordersof the x-raybeam.
The x-ray beam bordersare controlledby the apertureused and the positionof the single
collimatorblade.Aperturesare suppliedto correspondwith focal spot size and cassettesize.
Threeaperturesare usedwiththe M-lll unit:the 18 x24/24 x 30 centimeter auto-aperture,
the
D-shapedspotaperture,andthe coned-down aperture.
LightFieldbordersare controlled in the samemanneras the x-raybeamby the apertureand

by the positionof the adjustable
rearedgeblade.The LightFieldappearsto originatefromthe
samepointas the x-raybeamby meansof a mirrormounteddiagonally in the x-raybeampath,
belowthe tube port.The LightFieldlampis mountedon an adjustable bracketwhichpermits
precisealignment withthe x-raybeamfield.
6.2 ILLUMINANCEOF LIGHT FIELD CERTIFICATIONTEST
lntensityand consistencyof the Light Field is checkedby performingthe followingprocedure.
A. lnsertthe largeauto-aperture
(24x 30 cm) intothe slidesbelowthe tubehead.Slidethe
rear edgeplatecontrolknoball the way back(towardsthe C-Arm).
B. Placea lightmeterprobeon the imagereceptortraywith its sensorfacingup.
c. At eachlocationshownin Figure6-1,takea background

lightreading(LightFieldlamp
OFF),and anotheronewiththe LightFieldlampON.
Page6-1 Revision- 0
LORAD MED,>AL
sYsrEMs M-III SERVICE MANUAL
lmageReceporTray
Figure6-1: ReceptorTray Light FieldTest Potnts
Figure6-2:Coned-DownFixedAperture
Page6-2 Revision- 0
LORAD MED.IAL
D. For each location(quadrant),

convertboththe background and lightedreadingsto lux
values(use the conversiontableon the meteror in the metermanual),and subtract
background lux fromLightFieldlux.
E. lf the differencein any quadrantis lessthan200 lux,the LightFieldllluminance

Testis
considered failed.
F. lf the LightFieldtestfails,cleanthe mirror.lf no improvement

is obtained,replacethe
LightFieldlamp.lf the lampis changed,LightFieldalignment mustbe recheckedperthe
nextsection.
6.3 LIGHTFIELDALIGNMENT
CERTIFICATTON
To performthistest,the followingequipment
will be necessary:
1. 24 x 30 centimeter
cassetteand film/screen:
2. Straightpiecesof wireor solder;
3. FrontLoading24 x 30 cm cassetteholder.
A. Placea loaded24 x 30 centimeter cassetteinto a 24 x 30 centimeterfront loading

SpotAperturepicturedin Figure6-2.
c. Turn the LightFieldON. Movethe singleslidecontrolall the way backto projectthe

lightedareapicturedin Figure6-3.
D. Usingstraightpiecesof wireor solder,accurately

imagereceptorsurface.
E. Changethe DATAPORTSetupColumn,EXP MODEto MANUALand SPOTSIZEto

LARGE.Onthe DATAPORTExposure
Technique
DataLine,setkVpto 25 andEXPTIME
to 0.6.
Page6-3 Revision- 7
LORAD MED.,AL
6
(l 5. 2 c m |
4"
( l 0 .2 cm )
Figure6-3: Coned-DownApertureProjectedLight Field
Page6-4 Revision- 7
LORAD MED.IAL
F. Step behindthe radiationshield,and pressand hold the X-Raybutton.Removethe

cassetteanddevelopthefilm.Comparetheedgesof the imageareawiththewhitemarks
caused by the pieces of wire or solder.All boundariesmust coincidewithin 1.3
(0.51inch).
centimeters
G. lf the Light Fieldbordersare more than one centimeteraway from the x-ray beam,
adjustment per Section6.4 is indicated.
5.4 LIGHTFIELDALIGNMENT
PROCEDURES
6.4.1 Llght FieldAlignment
A. Place a loaded24 x 30 centimetercassetteinto a 24 x 30 centimeterfront loading

SpotAperture(Figure6-2).
c. Removethe lowercoverfromthe tubeheadto gainaccessto the LightFieldlampand

bracketat the rightsideof the tubeheadframe.
D. Turnthe LightFieldON. Movethe singleslidecontrolall the backto projectthe lighted

areapicturedin Figure6-3.
E. Examinethe edgesof the projectedLightFieldpattern.Theyshouldbe sharpandwell-

defined.lf not,rotatethelampsocketin thelampbracketuntiledgedefinition
is adequate.
F. Usingstraightpiecesof wireor solder,accurately

imagereceptorsurface.
G. Changethe DATAPORT SetupColumn,EXP MODEto MANUALand SPOTSIZEto

LARGE.On the DATAPORTExposure
Technique
DataLine,setkVpto 25 andEXPTIME
to 0.6.
Page6-5 Revision- 7
LORAD MEDT,AL
sysrEMs M.III SERVICEMANUAL
':]
'.,,*oRNtNG
-
i,,
ObServe..'.atf,1..S'at.etyp-recautiohs,',,,i,
:
while.maklhQ...X:nay
exposUie.,,,,,.,::,
H. Removethecassetteanddevelopthefilm.Compare theedgesof the imageareawiththe

whitemarkscausedby the piecesof wireor solder.See Figure6-4.
Examinethefieldanddetermine
whichaspectof the LightFieldpatternmustbe changed:
Size- overallarea(combined
lengthandwidth)of pattern.
LateralPosition- alignment
of leftand rightedges.
Longitudinal
Position
- alignment
of top andbottomedges.
X{?AYFILMITVAGE X-IIAYFILM IN4AGE

COLUMATOR
MISAUGNED COLLIMATOR
AUGNED
Figure6-4:CollimatorLightAlignmentSample

LORAD MED.IAL
J. The bracketon whichthe lampis mounted(SeeFigure6-5)permitsadjustment

in three
directions:
SI Z E (screw"A" in Figure6-5) - Movingthe entirebracketforward

(towardpatient)expandsthe Light Field area; movingit back
contracts
the LightFieldarea.
LATERAL
POSITION (screws"B" and "C" in Figure6-5) - Looseningthe screwsand
movingthe lamptowardsthe rightmovesthe LightFieldareato the
left;movingthe lampto the leftmovesthe LightFieldto the right.
LONGITUDINAL
POSITION(screw"D" in Figure6-5) -Loosening the screwand raisingthe
positionof the lamp movesthe LightFieldarea forward(towards
the patient);loweringthe lamp positionmovesthe Light Field
towardthe C-arm.
K. Adjustthe LightFieldlampbracketas determined in stepl. lt maybe hetpfutto carefutly

placeand alignthe developed filmon the top surfaceof the cassette.Thiswill providea
targeton whichto positionthe LightFieldarea.
When adjustment of the bracketseemscomplete,repeatthe stepsof the LightField

AlignmentCertificationprocedure(Section6.3)and confirm+1.3centimeter
accuracy.
Inabilityto accurately
alignthe LightFieldwith the x-rayimagearea indicatesthat the
apertureplatemay requireadjustment.
N. Repeatthe abovestepsto adjustfor the smallfocalspot.
Page6-7 Revision
-7
LORAD MED.,AL
ROTATEFOR
SHARPEST "4"
SCREW
EDGEDEFINITION
EXPANDS
/
t"NrRAcrs
o
"8" & "C"

o SCREWS
0
"D"
SCREW
LAMP
L,#f;ELD
tr
tl
'/2
LIGHT
FIELD
Figure6-5: Light Field BracketAdlustment

LORAD MEDT,AL
SECTIONSEVEN:
X.RAYFIELD
A L IGNM ENT
PROCEDURE
7.1 ALIGNMENT
OF X-RAYBEAM
Thisprocedure
mustbe performed
if the x-raytubeis replacedin the field.
To performx-raybeamalignment,
the followingequipment
is necessary:
1. Fleflective
tape,aluminum
foil,or mirror;
2. LORADFieldAlignment Template;
3. FluorescentScreenMaterial.
A. Thetubehead enclosure
coversmustbe removedaccording to Section5.5.7to permitany
adjustmentof thebeamlimitingassembly. Fourbuttonhead screwson eachaperturemust
be loosenedalso:fourbuttonhead screwson the small(18 x 24 cm) auto-aperture and
fourbuttonhead screwson the largefixed(24 x 30 cm) auto-aperture.
B. Removethe largetixed(24x 30 cm) auto-aperture so that the smallauto-aperture

beam
fieldcan be adjusted.Blockthe lC interrupter
(H21BZ)towardthe rightrearof the auto-
apertureor unplugJ441on the Auto-Aperture boardto preventthe systemfromdefaulting
to standby(XRAY:STANDBY).
C. Placethe LORADFieldAlignment templateon a pieceof fluorescent

screenmaterialand
placebothon the imagereceptortray flushagainstthe C-Arm.lnitiallycenterit on the
tray.The templateis picturedin Figure7-1.
D. Openthe beamdepthslidecompletely.
E. Makethe DATAPORT
selections
as follows:
SPOTSIZE: . LARGE
E XPM ODEI..
.,.. .. MANUAL
On the DATAPORT
Exposure
TechniqueDataLine,set kVpto 25 and EXPTIMEto 1
second.
Ois'erve:,4!lii b,nS;',.;...,.;.1.:
jiS.erety..ip'te.cautf
:,
while making.tix.
Rat,i.,e'ipOdil
iei.:.1..,.....
Page7-1 Revision- 7
LORAD MED.IAL
F. step behindthe radiation

G. Whilethe exposureis takingplace,comparethe rightedgeof the fieldpattern(glowing

area)on the fluorescent
screenmaterialwiththe 18x24 centimeter right-side
alignment
markson the template.
H. Movethe rightauto-aperture
leadto matchthe rightsideof the LORADtemplate(Figure
7-2).
Prepareto make two x-ray exposureswith the same settingsof step E. This time,
comparethe fieldpatternat the leftand rearedgesof the 18 x 24 centimeter
pattern.
J. Step behindthe radiationshield.Pressand hold the X-ray buttonfor the 1-second

exposure,notingthe leftalignment
of the apertureon the template.
K. Movethe left auto-aperture

to matchthe left-sideof the LORADtemplate(Figure7-2).
Takethe secondexposureand adjustthe rearedgein the samemanneras above.
L. Takea finalexposurefor the 18 x 24 centimeteraperture,verifyingthat all edgesalign

(right,left,and rear)according
to the templatemarkings.
M. Tightenthe four buttonhead

screwson the smallauto-aperture.
N. Removethe blockfromthe lC intenupter(H2182)or reconnect

i++t anOinsertthe large
(24 x 30 cm) intothe beamlimitingassembly.
fixedauto-aperture
Page7-2 Revision- 0
LORAD MED.,AL
sysrE*s M.III SERVICE MANUAL
11 1i
Flush Agelnrt C{rir
ttxr.Gil+-o-
zaxto
Figure7-1: LORADFieldAlignmentTemptate
Page7-3 Revision- 0
LORAD MEDT,AL
Figure7-2:BeamLimitingAssembly,Including
the M-lll18 x 24 cm Auto-Aperture
Page 7-4 -1
Revision
LORAD MED.,AL
o. Placereflectivetape,aluminumfoil,or a mirroroverthe accessory detectorat the right

of the imagereceptortray.Thiswillcausethe retraction
of the smallauto-apertureout of
the beamso that the largeauto-aperture may be adjusted.(lt shouldbe necessary to
coveronlythe rightsensorof the accessorydetectorto causethe retraction
of the small
auto-aperture.)
P. Placethe LORADFieldAlignment templateandfluorescent

screenmaterialon the image
receptortray, flush againstthe C-Arm.Centerthe templatewith respectto the tray
centerline.
o. Openthe beamdepthslidecompletely.
R. Makethe DATAPORT
selections
as follows:
SPOTSIZE: LARGE
E XPM ODE: MANUAL
On the DATAPORT
Exposure
TechniqueDataLine,set KVPto 25 and EXPTIMEto 1.
step behindthe radiation

T. Whilethe exposureis takingplace,comparethe rightedgeof the24 x 30 centimeter

field
pattern(glowingarea)on the fluorescent
materialwith the 24 x 30 centimeterright-side
alignmentmarkon thetemplate.
U. Movethe rightauto-aperture
lead of the fixedapertureto matchthe rightside of the
LORADtemplate (Figure7-3).
.wARN!*c'.-..,.'.''...................',...',
,,,
Observe'all,safety:predaution5,
whilemaking
X-Ray'exposUie,'
l' 'i '
Page7-5 Revision- 7
LORAD MED.,AL
RIGHT
LEAD
LEFT
LEAD
(BOTTOM
V|EWI
Figure7-3: M-lll 24 x 30 cm FixedAuto-Aperture
Page7-6 Revision- 7
LORAD ueo,caL
V. Repeatthe exposuredescribedin stepR so thatan adjustment of the rightauto-aperture

leadmaybe madefor thefrontedge.Thenadjustthe leftauto-aperture lead(Figure7-3).
Takethe exposuresas necessaryto alignthe left and rearedgesof the 24 x 36 cassette
exposurebeam.
W. Take a final exposurefor the 24 x 30 centimeterfixedaperture,verifyingthat all edges

align(right,front,left,andrear)withthealignment
markson the LORADtemplate. Tighten
the fourbuttonhead screwson the largefixedauto-aperture.
Page7-7 Revision- 7
LORAD MEDTIAL
SECTIONEIGHT:
M.IIIELECTRICAL
CALIBRATION
PROCEDURES
8.1 DAC REFERENCE

AND BUCKYOFFSET
A) To set the DACreferencevoltage,connecta DVMto the Microprocessor

board(-) lead
to TP7 (GND)and (+) leadto TP8.AdjustR42for 10.0010.005vottsDC.
B) To set the Buckyoffsetvoltage,leavethe (-) leadon TP7andmovethe (+) leadto either

sideof R28.AdjustR41for 20 x4 millivolts.
8.2 KVP CALIBRATION
A) Ensurethatsystempoweris turnedoff.Allowsufficienttimeforthe highvoltagecapacitor

to discharge.
A neonbulbindicates the chargeconditionof the capacitor;
whilethe red
bulbis glowing,the capacitor
is charged.Whenit goesout,the capacitorvoltageis below
100 volts.Allow the red bulb to stop glowing.Then wait another5 minutesbefore
continuing.
B) Connecta DC voltmeterto the low-voltage terminalsof a 10,000:1or 1000:1voltage

divider,and positionthe meterwhereit canbe readfrombehindthe protective
radiation
shield.
c) Connectthegroundterminalof thevoltagedividerto thechassisgroundstudon the High

VoltageGenerator.Usingthe LORADHighVoltageAdapter,connectthe freeend of the
highvoltagedividertestcableto the highvoltagetestwell on the generator.
D) Closethebeamdepthslidein thebeamlimitingassembly
completely,
andturnthesystem
oN.
E) Set the systemfor a 2 second,22 kV exposurein Manualmode.
Page8-1 Revision- 7
LORAD MEDT,AL
F) Whilemonitoring
themeterfrombehindtheprotective shield,pressandholdthe
radiation
X-Raypushbuttonto makean exposure.
G) Confirmthatthe meterreadingfallsintothe rangesbelow:
2.156- 2.244votts(usinga 10,000:1divider)

21.56- 22.44votts(usinga 1000:1divider)
H) AdjustR80 (labelled"20 kV")on the HighVoltageGenerator, if necessary,

to bringthe
meterreadingwithinthe specifiedrangeat 22 kV (Figureg-1).
Setthesystemfora2 second,39kV exposure

in Manualmode.
J) Whilemonitoring
themeterfrombehindtheprotective shield,pressandholdthe
radiation
X-Raypushbuttonto makean exposure.
K) Confirmthatthe meterreadingfallsintothe rangesbelow:

38.22- 39.78volts(usinga 1000:1divider)
L) AdjustR20 (labelled"40 kV")on the HighVoltageGenerator, if necessary,

to bringthe
meterreadingwithinthe specifiedrangeat 39 kV (FigureB-1).
M) Beturnthe systemto 22 kV, and repeatstepsF throughH to recheckthe previous

calibration.
N) Selectintermediate kVsettings,
andconfirmthatthemeterreadingsarewithin2Y"ottheir
kV settingsdividedby 10,000(usinga 10,000:1 divideQor dividedby 1000(usinga
1 0 0 0 :1d i vi d e r).
Page8-2 Revision- 7
LORAD MEDT,AL
llERaz
o oillililo
EFEn ilil
c o-, , ' lJ ooE =f o
ililpodub :il
tffi,,-n
,T,= ___- ufr=r=--G ,-.,*!
l fi =n r
G R8o Hoi |i
il }- Lr-:H--l-
-= i =
A +E^"fil,H0:= c €-
o?ilililil I
ilililof,ilts
=-,:
ggilfT
ilililililf,
l"lilooorrom ol_-]
tr\-/G _r=_
fl_ O o
Figure8-1: High VoltageGeneratorAdjustmentPoints
Page8-3 Revision- 7
LORAD MED.>AL
8.3 FILAMENT
CALIBRATION
Thisprocedure requiresthe useof the calibration

EPROM.Withthe powerturnedOFF,remove
the normaloperatingsystem EPROM at U34 on the Microprocessor
Boardandreplaceit withthe
EPROM.Turnthe powerbackon, and pressEnterwheninstructed.
Calibration Selectoption0
menu,'FILAMENT
fromthe calibration CALIBRATION", thenproceedwiththeinstructions
below.
This proceduredetermines the filamentcurrentrequiredfor each KV leveland spot size to

achievethe specifiedtubecurrent.This currentis definedby a numberrangingfrom0 to 255
whichis writtento a digital-to-analog
converter
on the Microprocessorboardand translatedto a
filamentcurrentby the TubeControlboard.The relationship betweentheseis as follows:
DAC Number DAGVoltage FilamentGurrent

0v.. 2.0A
1V... 2.4A
2V .. 2.8A
3V.. 3.2A
4V .. 3.6A
5V.. 4.0A
6V.. 4.4A
7V.. 4.8A
8V.. 5.2A
9V.. 5.6A
10v 6.0A
1. Turn power OFF, replacelC U34, OperatingProgramEPROM,with CALIBRATION

EPROM(notchtowardthe operatorstation).
2. Connecta voltmeteracrossR42on the TubeControlBoard.
3. ConnectChannel1 of a storageoscilloscope end of the 10 ohm

to the ungrounded
resistoron theterminalblockbehindthetubehead.Connectthe probeground
calibration
to the otherend of the resistor.

LORAD MED.,AL
4. TurnpowerON,andpressthe ENTERkeywheninstructed.
Selectoption1. 'FILAMENT
CALIBRATION"fromthe menu.
5. The SMALLFOCALSPOT- 22 kV DACnumberwillbe displayed.

UsingkV UP/DOWN,
presetthe numberto 100.
6. Checkthe voltageon the meterconnectedacrossR42. lt shouldread 0.5400volts,

indicating
a standbycurrentof 2.5 amps(.S400V+ .Z2e = 2.4 amperes).
7. Disconnect
the meter.
8. Set the oscilloscope

to acquireand storea singlesweep.Set the scopecontrolsas
follows:
Trigger: Channel1
Vertical: DCVolts0.1/division(forSmatlFocalspottests)DC
VoltsO.2/division
(for LargeFocatSpottests).
Horizontal: 50 milliseconds
SingleSweep.
Setthe unitfor 1 second,22kv, manualmode,andsmallfocalspot.Pressthe X-RAybuttonand
examinethe acquiredwaveform. An exampleof the idealwaveformis shownin Figure8-2.
A. The waveformamplitudeis 1/100of the tube current.For a 22 kY smallfocal spot

exposure,thewaveform shouldbe 0.2volts.Referto Table1 forvoltagesat theremaining
kV/focalspot settings.lf the waveformamplitudeis belowthe specification,increasethe
DAC number,if the waveformamplitudeis abovethe specification, decreasethe DAC
number.The DACnumberis increased or decreased usingthe KV UP/DOWNkeys.
B. Examinethe leadingedge of the waveformfor under-or over-shoot,
as illustrated
in
Figures8-2.The DACnumbershouldbe increased (to cureundershoot),
or decreased
(to cureovershoot)
in smallincrements
(usually1 or 2).
C. lf the currentmeasured
is stable,butnot at thespecified
levelfor the givenspotsizeand
kV,adjustR82(mASenseCal)on the HighVoltageGenerator andtrytheshotagain(CW
lowerscurrent;CCWraisescurrent).
9. WhencurrentforthefirstkV hasbeencalibrated,presstheCLEARkeyto moveon to the

nextkV step,and continueas instructedaboveuntilall kV (up to 34) statiorishavebeen
checkedusingboththe LARGEand SMALLfocalspots.
Presetthe DAo # at Zzky;'dndlhe

LargeFocalSpOtto .1a0.,,,,
Page8-5 Revision- 9
LORAD MED.,AL
Note:
Wave forms rhown ate for
8O mA. Adjust orcillircope
accordingly lor other mA levels.
ADJUSTMENT COBRECT
DAC TOO LOW
aO mA
30 nA
.|o ir^
20 m
Oh
.1 .2
3.c tc
Figure8-2:WaveformPatterns

LORAD MEDTIAL
LARGESPOT SMALLSPOT
kVp DAC mA DVM DAC mA DVM
22 141 80 0.8v 110 20 0.2v

23 139 80 0.8v 109 20 0.2v
24 138 80 0.8v 108 20 0.2v
25 137 80 0.8v 106 20 0.2v
26 138 80 0.8v 106 20 0.2v
27 136 80 0.8v 105 20 0.2v
28 135 80 0.8v 106 20 0.2v
29 131 70 0.7v 100 17 0 . 17 V
30 130 70 0.7v 101 17 0 . 17 V
31 130 70 0.7v 100 17 0 . 17 V
32 129 70 0.7v 100 17 0 . 17 V
33 130 70 0.7v 100 17 0 . 17 V
34 129 70 0.7v 99 17 0.17V
Thiscompletes
filamentcurrentcalibration.
Turnpoweroffandreturnthemainoperating
program
EPROMto the Microprocessorboardfor the nexttest.
8.4 AEC CALIBRATION (Figure5-3)

PROCEDURES
of the AEC is performedat the factoryto resultin a consistent1.2 density.lf it is

Calibration
necessaryto readjustdensityto a differentvalue to suit the user, or to calibratea different
film/screen
combination,the followingitemsare necessary:
1. Film/Screen/Cassetteper user'schoice(NOTE:Same cassettemust be used for all

exposuresin thisprocedure).
2. 4 and 7 cm thickacrylicattenuators
(forMin-RE T FILMTYPEselection:
T-MatFilm).
3. (forall otherFILMTYPEselections).
3 and 7 cm thickacrylicattenuators
4. F.limdensitometer.
To readjustdensity,followthe procedure
below.
A. Boardper section5.3.3and shortR40 by turningthe

Locatethe M-lll Microprocessor
potentiometer
fullycounter-clockwise.
Then,re-assemble the unitfor the followingtest
exposures.
B. Placea loadedcassettebeneath3 centimeters

of acrylicon the imagereceptortray.Use
4 centimeters
of acrylic
Page8-7 Revision- 9
LORAD MED.IAL
sysrEns M.IIISERVICEMANUAL
for Min-RE T filmselection.
c. set the M-lllfor AUTO-TIME

Mode,DENSITYat "0",and25 kVp.Set the FILMTypE to
the propersetting.
D. Makean exposure;
then,removethe cassetteand developthe film.
E. Measurethe opticaldensityof the developedfilm.lf the densityis not corrgqtwithin.1 of

the "0" targetvalue,enterthe AEC CalibrationMode(pressand holdthe(f, thenpress
KV DOWN;GAINand OFFSETnumberswill appearat the bottomof the screen.
F. To increasedensity,decreasethe GAINby pressingKV DOWN;to decreasedensity,

increaseGAINby pressingKV UP. Adjustthe GAIN,exitthe AEC Calibration Modeby
pressingENTER,then retakethe exposure ,with 3 centimetersof acrylic.(Use 4
centimeters
of a crylicfor thisexposure
withMin-RE T filmselections.) Measuredensity,
re-adjustGAIN,and repeatexposures untilthe desireddensityis achieved.
G. Oncethe GAINhasbeenadjustedto achievethedesireddensitywith3 or 4 centimeters

of acrylic(repeatstepsA throughE as necessary),
place7 centimeters
of acrylicon the
same cassette.
H. Removethe cassette,developthe film,and measureopticaldensity.lf densityis not

within.1 of the valueset with3 centimeters
of acrylic(4 centimeters
of acrylicfor Min-R
E T filmselection),enterthe AECCalibrationModeagain.
To increasedensity,decreasethe OFFSETby pressingTIME DOWN;to decrease

density,increasethe OFFSETby pressingTIMEUP.Adjustthe OFFSET,exitthe AEC
CalibrationMode,thenretaketheexposure
with7 centimeters of acrylic.Measure density,
readjustOFFSET,andrepeatexposures untilthedensityis within.1 of thevalueachieved
with3 or 4 centimeters
of acrylic.
Page8-8 Revision- 9
LORAD MED.>AL
M.III AEC CALIBRATION PROCEDURE

NOTES:
1 TISE SAME CASSETTE FOR AI,r STEPS.
SFUPSIX
reEArcIrc 2 AFTER MAKING GAIN OR OFFSET
DAln:0
M:6 ADJUSTMENTSpnnsb"s frsn to WAXNING
nHmE sucilE@mN^TON
DEq|"|&ED
EXIT AEC CAL MODE TO MAKE
AIY EXPIOSTJRE
!@ TTIIS SYMBOLAPPEARS
NEKTTO STEPS TITAT
RESULT TN X.RAY EMISSION.
OESERVE ATL POSSIBI.E SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS TO PRETENT
EXPIOSING YOUNSELFOR
!@ OTIIERS TO X-RAY EMISSIONSI
!@
ErcVENDEW4
ftK ttruE
omqrDffin
Emt&qlm
PB'J+'MW
ErcWNDEru?
?14. uss
MqIDENN
DSW
w l N .l
trTArcM
Figure8-3: AEC CalibrationFlowchart

LORAD MED.,AL
sysrE*s M-IIISERVICEMANUA
J. Oncethe OFFSEThas beenadjustedto achievethe necessary density(repeatstepsF

throughH as necessary), retakean exposureusing 3 centimetersof acrylic,or 4
centimetersof acrylicis usingMin-RE T film.Measurethe densityof the developed film
and,if readjustment
is necessary, returnto stepE to readjustGAIN,thenstepsF throug
H to adjustOFFSET.
8.5 COMPRESSION
TRAY
8.5.1 CompressionForceCalibration
Forthistest,turnthepowerOFFandinstalltheCalibration
EPROMin the Microprocess
Boardin placeof the normaloperatingsystemEPROM.Turn the unit backon. Press
Enterwheninstructed, and selectoption#1: coMpRESStoNFoRcE cALtBRATto
fromthe menu.
This procedureallowsthe operatorto definethe compression motorcurrentrequiredto

achievethe specifiedcompression force at two positionsso that the machinecan
calculateall pointsin between.This motorcurrentis shownas a numberfrom0 to 255
whichcorresponds to a DACvalue.The DACoutputis translated intoa fixedcurrenton
the powercontrolboard.The compression forceis calculated
by the followingequation
force= {(force@ tBl)-(orce @ O)}.{C-Arnangte/l8il}+(force
@ 0)
A. Positionthe C-Armat 0 degreesand measurethe compression
force.Adjustthe forceto
15 to 20 poundsusingthe KV-UPand KV-DOWNbuttonsto raiseand lowerthe motor
current,respectively.
B. Positionthe C-Armat 180degreesand measurethe compression

force.Adjustthe force
from15to 20 poundsusingtheTIME-UPandTIME-DOWN buttonsto raiseandlowerthe
motorcurrent,respectively.
c. rangeof 100at 0 degreesand 190at '180degrees

DACvalueswillbe in the approximate
8.5.2 CompressionThicknessCalibration
For this test, returnto the Calibration

Menu,and selectOption#2: COMPRESSIO
THICKNESS CALIBRATION.
Thisprocedure allowstheoperatorto definethepositionof the imagereceptortrayforthe

machineso it can calculate
the compression thickness.
LORAD MEDT,AL
A. Bringthe compressiondeviceall the downso thatit is in contactwiththe imagereceptor

tray and pressthe CLEARbutton.The displaywill show the calculatedcompression
thickness.
B. Adjustthe potentiometer throughthe holein the sideof the C-Armdescribedin Section

9.2,step F, if the compression
thicknessindicated doesnot readzero.
c. Aftercalibration,
the displaymay togglebetween0.0 cm and UNCALIBBATED. This is
due to slightvariationsin the voltagereadby the positionpotentiometer
and is normal.
Thistogglingshoulddisappearif the compression deviceis movedupwardslightly.
8.6 BUCKYCALIBRATION
Forthis test,returnto the Calibration

Menu,and selectOption#3: BUCKYCALIBRATION.
Thisprocedure allowsthe operatorto adjustthe gainpotentiometer

on a Buckyto optimizethe
speedprofileof the grid.
A. Slidethe Buckyontothe imagereceptortrayandpressthe X-RAYbutton- no x-rayswill

be emitted.Thegridwillgo througha normalexposure
cycleandmeasureitstraveltime.
B. lf it is outsidethespecified
"window",
a messagewillappearon thescreeninstructingthe
operatorto adjustthe gainaccordingly.The messagewill read,"Gaintoo high,turn R3
CCW"or "Gaintoo low,turn R3 CW".
C. R3 is locatedon the BuckyDriverBoardaccessible

througha holein the bottompanel
of the Buckyassembly.
D. Whenthegainis adjustedproperly,
a message
willinformthe operator
thatthe calibration
is complete.
8.7 ACCESSORY
DETECTCALIBRATION
For this test, returnto the CalibrationMenu and selectOption#4: ACCESSORYDETECT

CALIBRATION.
Thistestindicates
whetherthe Accessory
DetectBoardis calibrated
properlyor if an adjustment
is necessary.
A. material(e.9.,cardboard
Tapea reflective coveredwithaluminum
foil)overtheAccessory
DetectWindowat the
LORAD MED.,AL
rightrearof the imagereceptortray.
B. The displaywill indicate"O.K."for each of the four potentiometers

on the Accessory
DetectBoardif no adjustment is required.
C. lf a messageotherthan"O.K."hasappeared for anyof the fourpotentiometers,

perform
the AccessoryDetectcalibrationProcedure
thatis ouilinedbelow.
8.7.1 AccessoryDetectCalibrationprocedure
In orderto accessthe AccessoryDetectBoard,removethe lmageReceptor TrayCover

(Section 5.5.10)andthe metalplatewithinthe receptor traydescribed in SectionS.5.11.
The AccessoryDetectBoardis locatedon the undersideof this plate.Thenslidethe
plasticimagereceptortray coverover the metalplate now detached.BE SURE the
reflectivematerialis still in place, and that with the tray cover attachedthe four
potentiometerscanbe adjusted.
A. With the CalibrationEPROMin place, and power ON, select Option#4 from the
Calibration
Menu.
B. Fourmessagesappearfor the fourpotentiometers

on the Accessory DetectBoard.The
messages
will readeither"o.K.",or an adjustment
direction"cw' or "ccw".
c. Adjust the potentiometers

until the display reads 'O.K.* for each of the four
potentiometers.
D. Whenthe "O.K."messageis indicatedfor the four potentiometers,

turnthe powerOFF
and re-assemble
the imagereceptortraycomponents.
E. in Sectiong.7.
Reset.theAccessoryDetectfunctionas statedpreviously
LORAD MED.>AL
sysrEns M.IIISERVICEMANUAL
SECTIONNINE:
M-IIIMECHANICAL
CALIBRATIONPROCEDURES
9.1 COMPRESSION
TRAYCHAINTENSIONADJUSTMENT
A. Removethe compressioncarriagecovers(Section5.5.6),C-Armside covers(Section

5.5.2),and C-Armlop cover(Section5.5.3).
B. Movethe compression
carriageall the way up.
c. Loosenthe clutchassemblyadjacentto the sprockeVgear

assemblyon the compression
carriagewith an allenwrench.
D. Adjust the two hex nuts of the chain tensionassemblyto raise or lower the tension
sprocket.
E. The clutchassemblyis thenretightened

oncethe appropriate
chaintensionis fixed.See
F i g u re9 -1 .
F. Replacethe coversremovedin stepA.
CONTINUOUS
UNK
CHAN
| 2-TOOTH
SPROCKET SPRINGCIUTCH
SPROCKET/GEAR
ASSEMBLYTO
LJNKCHAIN
WRAPSPRING
BRAKE
DC MOTOR
SRAKE
sottNotD
Figure9-1:Gompresslon
TrayChainTensionAdjustment
Page9-1 Revision- 7
LORAD MEDT>AL
9.2 COMPRESSION
SENSORADJUSTMENT
sensorpotentiometer
lf the compression has beenreplaced,
the followingadjustment
mustbe
madebeforethe compression carriageis reassembled.
A. the potentiometer
Reinstall mounting
bracketdisassembled
in Section5.5.18.Leavethe
clampscrewloose.
B. Rotatethe C-Armto patientright(+90degrees).
c. Removethe C-Armsafetyswitch;it is heldin with two 9/64-inchhex headscrews.
D. Slideout (to the patient'sviewleft)the C-Armsidecover.
E. Movethe compression
deviceall the way downto the imagereceptortray.
F. Sticka smallstraightbladescrewdriverthroughthe holein the side of the C-Arm,and

adjustthe potentiometer
fullyclockwise.
Then,backoff a 1/4turncounter-clockwise.See
Figure9-2.
G. Finally,tightenthe clampscrew.
lscll Conmclof lldrLrPdmuoildfi

r{ubrc
CcoDns{orCanlaoe
$t.nDlt [IoDUrul
BnedIn,
llel llrwl
Potentiometer
Figure9-2:Compression Adjustment
Location
Page9-2 Revision- 0
r
l'I
LORAD MED.,AL
ROTATION
SENSORADJUSTMENT
Referto Section5.5.17.2.
LOCALIZATION
TRAYSENSORADJUSTMENT
A. Removethe compression
carriagecoversas describedin Section5.5.6.
B. Locatethe Localization
Tray SensorPC Boardat the frontcenterof the compression
carriageassemblyand potentiometer
R1 on it (Figure4-4).
C. Placea needlelocalization
tray(complete
withthe reflective
tag beneaththetray)intothe
compressioncarriageassembly.
D. AdjustR1 untiltheSetupColumndatalinecalledCOMPRELEASEreadsLOCKEDOUT.
Page9-3 Revision- 7

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LOW'M-III

PAGE REVISION PAGE REVtStON

Revisionzero (0) indicatesInitial releaseof manual.

Thetotalnumberof pagesin thisdocumentis 171. Exceptfor

This manual is copyrightedwith all rights reserved.Under

LORAD, Permagridand StereoLocare registered

SECTIONONE - GENERAL INFORMATIONAND INSTALLATION

1.1.1 U n i tD e scri p ti o n ....1- 1

1.2 R e c e ivl n g l n stru cti o n s... ...1- 5

1.2.1 U n p a cki n g ...1- 5

1.3 l n s t a l l a ti o n ... ..1- 8

1.3.1 In sta l l a ti o nth

1.4 Transferto User . 1-13

1.4.1 InitialTesting 1-13

2.1 Pr e - Tu rn On C h e cks... .....2- 1

2.1.1 Cabling .....2- 1

2.1.g Me ch a n i caInl te g ri ty ......2- 1

2.2 P o w er-U p C h e cks .....2- 1

2.3.1 P o w e r-U p C R T D i splay... ......2- 3

C - A r mF u n cti o n aCl h e cks ...2- 4

2.4.1 C-ArmUP and DOWN . . .. Z-4

2.5.1 C -A rmS a fe tyS w i tch ......2- s

2.6 A c c e s so ryD e te cti o n a n d R ecognitlon ....2- 6

2.6.1 lmageReceptorDetection . . 2-6

C o m pre ssi o n S yste m0 h e cks .....2- 8

2.7.1 Mo to ri ze d C o mp ressionDr ive ....2- 8

2.8 F o o t sw i tch ch e ck ....2- 9

2.9 P r f n t erGh e ck ...2- 9

2.10 X.RayTubeCurrentCheck 2-10

SECNONTHREE- X.RAYCONTROLTHEORYOF OPERATION

3.1 Introduction 3-1

3.2 P o w erD i stri b u ti o n ... ......3- 1

3.2.1 InputPowerPanel . . 3-1

3.3.1 C R T l n te rfa ce .. ....3- 4

T u b eGo n troBl o a rd ...3- 17

3.4.1 AnodeMotorControl . 3-17

3.5 H i g h V o l ta g e Ge n e ra to r.. ...3- 22

3.6.1 AEC SensorBoard . . 3-25

3.7.1 Radiation Shieldlnterlock . . 3-28

4.1 Bor oalr d

4.1.1 LinearActuatorAssembly . . 4-1

4.2 C -Ar mD etec tors andS w i t c h e s ....4-14

4.2.1 C -A rmA n g l e D e te ctor .....4- 14

5.2 ControlGonsoleCablnetLayout . . . 5-1

5.3.1 R e a rC o ve r(P u sh bar Cover ) .....5- 4

5.3.13 C R T A sse mb l y.. ...5- 10

5.4 C-Ar mA s s embl y Lay out ....5-10

5.5 Removaland Replacementof G-ArmComponents . . . . S-15

5.6 FuseLocatlonsand Ratings . 5-27

SECTIONSIX - CHECKINGAND ADJUSTINGLIGHTFIELD

6.1 General 6-1

6.2 Itluminanceof Light Field CertificationTest . . . . . 6-1

6.3 L i g h t F i e l d A l i g n me n tC e rti fication... .... 6-3

6.4 L i g h t F i e l d A l i g n me n tP ro cedur es... ....6- 5

6.4.1 L i g h tF i e l d A l i g n ment .....6- 5

7.1 Alignmentof X-RayBeam . . . T-1

8.1 DAG Referenceand Bucky Offset . . g-1

8.5.1 Compression ForceCalibration . . . 8-10

8.6 B u c k yOa l i b ra ti o n .....9- 11

8.7 AccessoryDetectCalibration . B-11

9.1 C o m pre ssi o n T ra yC h a i n T ension

9.3 RotatlonSensorAdjustment. . . 9-3

Figurel-1: T h e M-l l lU n i t. .....1- 3