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Abstract. In this work we present some triangle inequalities using normalized barycentric
coordinates.
Keywords. Barycentric Coordinates, Triangle, Inequality
1. Introduction
In this work a, b, c is usual notations for side lengths of a triangle.s, r, R are semi
perimeter, inradius and circumradius respectively.
The coordinates (u : v : w) are often normalized such that the values sum to 1,
that is u + v + w = 1 in order to provide easier calculations. To normalize coordinates
1
(u : v : w), simply multiply each value by u+v+w . Therefore, the normalized coordinates
of P (u : v : w) are [3]:
u v w
, ,
u+v+w u+v+w u+v+w
Let displacement vector of P Q = (x, y, z) in normalized barycentric coordinates
than,
(1) P Q2 = −a2 yz − b2 zx − c2 xy
The normalized barycentric coordinate of centroid is G = 13 , 31 , 31 . Let D, E, F
be midpoints of BC, AC and AB respectively. D, E, F have normalized barycentric
coordinates 0, 12 , 21 , 12 , 0, 21 , 12 , 12 , 0 .
2. Inequalities
Problem 2.1. Let a, b, c, ma , mb , mc be usual notations for side lengths and medians of
ABC. Prove;
am2a + bm2b + cm2c > 9Rrs
1 1 1
am2a + bm2b + cm2c = c 2a2 + 2b2 − c2 + b 2a2 − b2 + 2c2 + a −a2 + 2b2 + 2c2
4 4 4
If we substitue for R, r and s;
1
am2a + bm2b + cm2c = s s2 + 5r2 + 2rR
2
Date: Wednesday 26th April, 2017.
1
2 LEONARD GIUGIUC AND ABDILKADIR ALTINTAS
Problem 2.2. Let a, b, c, ma , mb , mc be usual notations for side lengths and medians of
ABC. Prove;
(b + c)m2a + (c + a)m2b + (a + b)m2c > 9rs(3R − 2r)
Problem 2.3. Let a, b, c, ma , mb , mc be usual notations for side lengths and medians of
ABC. Prove;
(b + c − a)m2a + (c + a − b)m2b + (a + b − c)m2c > 18rs(R − r)
Proof. By the previous problem we have the values m2a , m2b , cm2c . So (b + c − a)m2a +
(c + a − b)m2b + (a + b − c)m2c is equal to;
1
5a3 − a2 b − ab2 + 5b3 − a2 c − b2 c − ac2 − bc2 + 5c3
4
If we substitue for R, r and s it is equal to;
2s s2 − 4r2 − 7rR
THREE MEDIAN INEQUALITIES 3
References
[1] Francisco Javier Garcia Capitan, http://garciacapitan.esy.es/baricentricas/
[2] http://faculty.evansville.edu/ck6/encyclopedia/ETC.html
[3] http://koblbauermath.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/1/9/13192946/barycentric coordinates.pdf
[4] Evan Chen, Barycentric Coordinates in Olympiad Geometry, 2012.
[5] Romanian Mathematical Magazine, http://www.ssmrmh.ro/.