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Revision Question Bank

Polynomials
11 2
1. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 7y2  y and verify the relationship
3 3
between the zeroes and their coefficients.
Solution :
Given polynomial is
11 2 1
7y2 
3

y   21y2  11y  2
3 3


1
3
 2
= 21y  14y  3y  2  [by splitting middle term]
1  2
= [7y 3y  27y  1]  y  7y  1
3  3 
 
2 1
Hence, zeroes are and .
3 7
To verify, we know that ,
2 1 14 3 11
Sum of zeroes =   
3 7 21 21
 11    11 
 3   3    Coefficient of y 2 
=      Coefficient of y 
21 7  
   
 3   
2  1 2
Product of zeroes =   
3  7 21
 
2 2
  Cons tan t term
= 3  3  

21 7 Coefficient of y 2

3
Hence, relationship between the zeroes and the coefficient of the polynomial is verified.

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2. Find the value of k for which a –3b is a factor of a4 –7a2b2+kb4. Hence, for this value of k,
factorise a4 – 7a2b2+kb4 completely.
Solution :
Solution :
Let g(a)=a4 – 7a2b2 + kb4 ...(i)
Since, (a – 3b) is a factor of g (a)
 g(3b) = 0
 (3b)4 – 7(3b)2 b2 + kb4 = 0
 81b4 – 63b4 + kb4 = 0
 18b4+kb4 = 0
 (18 + k)b4 = 0
 18 + k = 0
 k = – 18
On putting k = 18 in Eq (i), we get
g(a)=a4 – 7a2b2 – 18b4
= a4 – 9a2b2 + 2a2b2 – 18b4
= a2(a2 – 9b2) + 2b2(a2 – 9b2)
= (a2 – 9b2) (a2 + 2b2)
= (a + 3b) (a – 3b) (a2 + 2b2)
3. Find the values of a and b for which ax3– 11x2+ax+b is exactly divisible by x2– 4x– 5.
Solution :
Let f(x) = ax3 – 11x2 + ax + b
Now, x2 – 4x – 5 = 0
 x2 – 5x + x – 5 = 0
 x(x – 5)+1 (x – 5) = 0
 (x + 1)(x – 5) = 0
Now, f(–1) = 0
 a(–1)3–11(–1)2+a(–1)+ b = 0

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 –a – 11 – a + b = 0
 –2a + b = 11 ..(i)
and f(5) = 0
 a(5)3 –11(5)2 + a(5)+b = 0
 125a – 275 + 5a + b = 0
 130a + b =275 ..(ii)
On subtracting Eq. (1) from Eq. (ii), we get
132a = 264
a=2
On substituting a = 2 in Eq. (i), we get
– 2(2) + b = 11
 b = 11+4 = 15
4. What must be subtracted to f(x) = 4x4 + 2x3– 2x2 + x – 1, so that the resulting polynomial
is divisible by g(x)= x2 + 2x – 3?
Solution :
Now, using long division method,
4x2  6x  22
x2  2x  3 4x4  2x3  22  x  1 
4x4  8x3  12x2
  
 6x3  10x2  x  1
 6x3  12x2  18x
  
22x2  17x  1
22x2  44x  66
  
 61x  65

Hence, we have to subtract –61x + 65 from f(x), so that the resulting polynomial is
divisible by g(x).
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5. The cubic polynomial f(x) is such that the coefficient of x3 is –1 and the zeroes of f(x) are
1, 2 and k. Given that, f (x) has a remainder of 8 when divided by x – 3, find
(i) the value of k. (ii) the remainder when f(x) is divided by x + 3.
Solution :
Since, 1, 2 and k rare the zeroes of f(x)and coefficient of x3 is –1.
So, (x – 1),(x – 2) and( –x + k) are factors of f(x)
 f(x) = (x – 1)(x – 2)(–x+k)
(i) Also, f(3) = 8  (3 – 1) (3 – 2)(–3 + k) = 8
 2(–3 + k) = 8
–3 + k = 4

 k 
7
(ii) When f(x) is divided by (x + 3), then Remainder = f(–3)
= (–3–1)(–3–2)(3 + 7)
= (–4)(–5)(10)
= 200
6. Given that, x2+2x– 3 is a factor of f(x), where f(x)=x4 + 6x3+2ax2+ bx – 3a, find
(i) the values of a and b.
(ii) the other quadratic factor of f(x).
Solution :
(i) Given, (x) = x4 +6x3 +2ax2 +bx – 3a ...(i)
Now x2+2x – 3= x2 +3x – x – 3
= x(x + 3) –1(x+3)=(x – 1)(x+3)
Since, x2 +2x – 3 is a factor of f(x) therefore (x – 1) and (x + 3) must also be factors of f(x).
f(1) = 0 and f ( –3) = 0
Now, f(1)=14 + 6(1)3+2a(1)2+ b (1) – 3a = 0
 1+6+2a + 6 – 3a = 0
 b – a =– 7 ...(i)
and f(–3) =(–3)4 +6(–3)3 +2a (–3)2 + b(–3)–3a = 0

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 81 – 162 + 18a –3a = 0
 15a – 3b = 81
 5a – b =21 ...(ii)
[divide both sides by 3]
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
– a + 5a = –7 + 27
 4a = 20
a=5
Put the value of a in Eq. (i), we get
b – 5 = –7 b = – 2
(ii) Therefore Eq, (i) becomes
x4+6x3+2ax2 + bx – 3a
=x4 +6x3 +10x2 – 2x – 15 ( put a = 5 and b = – 2)
Now we divide x4 +6x3 +10x2 – 2x – 15 by x2 +2x – 3,


x 2  2x  3 x 4  6x3  10x 2  2x  15 x 2  4x  5
4x4  2x3  3x2
  


4x3  13x2  2x
4x3  8x2  12x
  


5x2  10x  15
5x2  10x  15
  
0

By Euclid division algorithm,

x4 +6x3 +10x2 –2x – 15
=(x2+2x – 3)(x2 + 4x + 5)

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Hence, the other quadratic factor is
x2 + 4x + 5
7. If the polynomial x4 + 2x3 + 8x2 +12 x +18 is divided by another polynomial x2 + 5, the
remainder comes out to be px + q. Then, find the values of p and q.
Solution :
Firstly, we divide x4 + 2x3 + 8x2 + 12x +18 by x2 + 5 to get the remainder.
x2  2x  3
x2  5 x4  2x3  8x2  12x  18 

x4  5x3
 
2x3  3x2  12x  18
2x3  10x
 
3x2  2x  18
3x2  15
  
2x  3

Here, we get the remainder is 2x + 3

But the given remainder is px + q
 2x + 3 = px + q
On comparing both sides of x and constant terms, we get p = 2 and q = 3.
8. Find the value of k for which x2+(k–1)x +k2 –16 is exactly divisible by (x – 3) but not
divisible by x + 4.
Solution :
Let f(x) = x2+(k –1)x + x2 – 16
Since, x – 3 is a factor of f(x), then f(3) = 0. On the other hand, f( –4)  0, as x + 4 is not a
factor of f(x).
 f(3) = 0
 9+3(k –1)+ k2 – 16=0
 9 + 3k – 3 + k2 – 16 = 0

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 k2 + 3k – 10 = 0
 k2 + 5k – 2k – 10 = 0 (by splitting middle term)
 k(k + 5) – 2(k + 5)
 (k – 2) (k + 5) = 0
 k = 2 or – 5
When k = 2, f( –4) = 16 + (–4) + 4 –16 = 0
 k = 2 has to be discarded, since f(–4) = 0

When k = –5,
f(–4) =16 – 6(–4)+25 –16 = 49  0
Hence, value of k is –5.
9. The expressions x3 – ax+a2 and ax3 + x2 –17 have the same remainder when divided by
x – 2. Find the
(i) possible values of a. (ii) remainder.
Solution :
(i) Remainder of x3 – ax+a2 when x = 2, is
f(2) = 23 – 2a + a2 =a2 – 2a +8 ...(i)
Similarly, remainder of ax3 +x2 –17 is
g(2)=8a+ 4 – 17 = 8a – 13 ...(ii)
According to the question,
f(2) =g(2)
 a2 – 2a+8 = 8a – 13
 a2 – 10a+21 = 0
 a2 – 7a – 3a+21 = 0
 a(a – 7) – 3(a – 7) = 0
 (a – 3)(a – 7) = 0
 a = 3 or a = 7
(ii) When a = 3, remainder is given by
f( 2) = g(2) = 8(3) –13

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24 – 13 = 11
When a = 7, remainder is given by
f(2) = g(2) = 8(7) – 13
56 – 13 = 43
10. If  and  are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f( x)=x2 – px + q, then prove that
4p2
 2
 p 2 2 4

2  2  q2 q
Solution :
To prove,
4p2
2 2 p4  2
2  2  2 q
  q

2 2
= 2  2
Since,  and  are the zeroes of the polynomial
f(x) = x2 – px + q
Here, a = 1, b = – p, c = q
 Sum of zeroes,


b

p  p
a 1
c q
and product of zeroes,   q
 1

     
2 2 2 2

Now, 2 2     
4 4

 22
2 2 22
 2

 2  222
=
22
[using identity, a2 + b2 =(a + b)2 – 2ab]
{      2}2  2  
2 2

=
  2

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[using identity, a2 + b2 =(a + b)2 – 2ab]
On substituting     p and   q , we get

p 
2
2
 2q  2q2
LHS =
q2

p   2q 
2 2
2
 2  p2  2q  2q2
=
q2
[using identity, (a –b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab]

p4  4q2  4p2q  2q2

=
q2
p4  4q2  2q2  4p2q p4  2q2  4p2q
= 
q2 q2

Now, p  4p  2  p  4p q  2
4 2 4 2

q2 q q2 1

p4  4p2q  2q2 Hence proved.

=
q2

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Chapter Test {Polynomials}
M: Marks: 40 M: Time: 40 Min.
1. If the zeroes of the polynomial x3 – 3x2 +x + 1 are (a – b), a and (a + b), then find the
values of a and b. [4]
Solution :
Since, x3 – 3x2 + x + 1 is a cubic polynomial.
 Sum of its zeroes
Coefficient of x 2  3
=  3
Coefficient of x 3 1
a–b+a+a+b=3
 3a = 3
a=1
Also, product of its zeroes

Constan t tern  1
=   1
Coefficient of x 3 1
 (a – b) × a × (a + b) = – 1
 a(a2 – b2) = – 1
 =1(1 – b2) = – 1 [ a 1]
 1 – b2 = – 1
 –b2 = – 2  b2 = 2

b 2

Hence, a = 1 and b =  2
2. Divide 3x2– x3– 3x + 5 by x–1–x2 and verify the division algorithm. [4]
Solution :
Here, dividend = 3x2 – x3 –3x+5
= –x3 + 3x2 – 3x + 5
and divisor = x –1 – x2

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= –x2 + x – 1
Now,

x2  x  1 x3  3x2  3x  5 x  2

 x3  x 2  x
  


2x2  2x  5
2x2  2x  2
  
 

3
Here, remainder, r = 3
Now, divisor × quotient + remainder
= (–x2 +x –1)(x – 2)+3
= –x3 + 2x2 + x2 – 2x – x + 2+3
= –x3 + 3xz –3x+5 = dividend
Hence, division algorithm is verified.
3. The sum of remainder obtained when x3 + (k + 4) x + k is divided by x – 2 and when it is
divided by x + 3 is 0. Find the value of k. [4]
Solution :
Let f(x) = x3 +(k + 4)x + k
Now, f(2) = 23 + (k + 4) 2 + k
=8+2k + 8 + k
= 16+3k
and f(–3) = (– 3)3 + (k + 4) (–3) + k
= –27 – 3k–12 + k
= –39 –2k
According to the question,
f(2) + f(–3) = 0
16 + 3k – 39 – 2k = 0

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 k – 23 = 0
k = 23
4. Find all the zeroes 2x4 – 9x3 + 5x2 + 3x – 1, if two of its zeroes are (2 + 3 ) and (2 – 3 ).
Solution : [4]
Let  =(2 + 3 )and p=(2 – 3)
     (2 3) (2 3)

= 2 3  2 3  4

and   (2 3)(2 3)  4 3  1

A polynomial whose zeroes are  and  is given by

x2    x  


Thus, a polynomial whose zeroes are (2 + 3 ) and (2 – 3 ) is given by x2 – 4x +1

Now, dividing(2x4– 9x3 +5x2 +3x – 1)by (x2 – 4x + 1l), we get
2x2  x  1
x2  4x  1 2x4  9x3  5x2  3x  1

2x4  8x3  2x2

  


 x2  4x  1
 x2  4x  1
  


x
 (2x2 – 9x3 +5x2 +3x –1)
= (x2 – 4x + 1)(2x2 – x – 1)
= (x2 – 4x + 1)(2x2 – 2x + x – 1)
= (x2 – 4x + 1)[2x(x– 1)+1(x – 1)]
= (x2 – 4x + 1)(x – 1)(2x + 1)

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1
So, the other zeroes are 1 and  .
2
1
Thus, all the zeroes of the given polynomial are 2    
3 , 2  3 , 1 and 
2
.

3
5. Find the zeroes of the polynomial y2  5y  5 by factorization method and verify the
2
relation between the zeroes - and the coefficients of the polynomial. [4]
Solution :
3
Let f(y) = k(y2  5y  5)
2
k(2y2  3 5y  10)
=
2
= 2y2  3 5y 10 [put k = 2]

= 2y2  4 5 y  5 y 10 [by splitting middle term]

= 2y(y  2 5) 5(y  2 5)

= (y  2 5)(2y  5)
3
So, the value of y2  5y  5 is zero, when (y  2 5) or (2y  5) is zero i.e., when
2
5
y = –2 5 or y  .
2
5
So, the zeroes of f(y) are –2 5 and .
2

 Sum of zeroes = 2 5  5  3 5   3 5 / 1
2 2 1
(Coefficient of x)
=
(Coefficient of x2 )

5
=and product of zeroes 2 5   5
2

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Cons tan t term
=
Coefficient of x2
Hence verified.
1
6. Find the zeroes of the polynomial x2  x  2 and verify the relation between the
6
coefficients and the zeroes of the above polynomial. [4]
Solution :
1 6x2  x 12
Now, x2  x  2 
6 6
1
= [6x2  9x  8 12]
6
[by splitting middle term]
1
= [3x(2x + 3) – 4(2x + 3)]
6
1
= [(2x + 3) (3x – 4)]
6
4 3
 Zeroes of the given polynomial are and – .
3 2
Verification
Now, in given polynomial
1
Coefficient of x2 =1, Coefficient of x =
6
and constant term = – 2
4 3 1
Now, sum of zeroes =   
3 2 6
1
6 coefficient of x
=  and product of zeroes = – x
1 coefficient of x
2
= 2   cons tan t term

Hence proved
1 coefficient of x2

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7. If 2 and 3 are then zeroes of polynomial 3x2 – 2kx + 2m, find the values of k and m. [4]
Solution :
Let p(x) = 3x2 – 2kx + 2m
Since, 2 and 3 are zeroes of p(x)
 p(2) = 0 and p(3) = 0.
Now, p (2) = 0
 3(2)2 – 2k(2) + 2m = 0
= 12 – 4k + 2m
 12 – 4k + 2m = 0 .. (i)
and p(3) = 0
3(3)2 – 2k × 3+2m =0
 27 – 6k + 2m = 0 ..(ii)
On subtracting Eq. (i) from Eq. (ii), we get
27  6k  2m  0
12  4k  2m  0
  


15  2k 0
 –2k = – 15
15
k
2
15
On putting k = in Eq. (i), we get
2
15
12  4   2m  0
2
 12 – 30 + 2m = 0
 – 18 + 2m = 0
 2m = 18
m=9
15
Hence, k= and m = 9
2
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8.  and  are zeroes of the polynomial x2 – 6x + a ,find the value of a, if 3  2  20. [4]
Given,  and  are the zeroes of x2 – 6x + a.
Solution.
   a ..(i)

and     6
  ...(ii)
Also, 3  + 2 = 20 ...(iii)
On multiplying Eq. (ii) by 2, then subtracting from Eq. (iii), we get
3  2  20
2  2  12
  
8
On putting a = 8 in Eq. (ii), we get
8    6    6  8  2
Now, putting  = 8 and  = – 2 in Eq. (i), we get

82  a  a  16

9. If  and  are zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) =3x2 – 6x + 4, then find the value of
   1 1 
  2     3. [4]
     
Solution.
Since  and  are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
f(x) = 3x2 – 6x + 4
6 4
     2 and   ..(i)
3 3
   1 1 
Now,   2     3
   

     

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
2  2  2  3
= 


  


 
=       2
2
    
  2   3
  

2  24 / 3 22
2
4
=  3  (by using (i))
4 /3 4 /3 3
4
4 8 /3  4
= 
4 /3 4 /3
12  8
= 34
4
4
= +3+4
4
=1+3+4=8
10. If  and  are the two zeroes of the polynomial 21y2 – y –2, then find a quadratic
polynomial whose zeroes are 2  and 2 . [4]
Solution.
Since  and  are the zeroes of the polynomial f(y) = 21y2 – y – 2
1 2
     and  
21 21
Let S and P denote respectively the sum and product of the zeroes of the polynomial
whose zeroes are 2 and 2
2
Then, S  2  2  2    
21
and 2  2  4

=4
2
21
8
=
21
Hence the required polynomial g(y) is given by :

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 
g  y   k y 2  Sy  p
 2 2 B


or, g y   k y  y   , where k is any non–zero real number.

21 21 
 
or, g(y) = 21y2 – 2y – 8, where k = 21.

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