DataLifeCycle - Vstudent CON TITULOS

12/18/2017
Data Life Cycle
Presenter
Schlumberger
Date 12th December 2016
 © 2016 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.
 An asterisk is used throughout this presentation to denote a mark of Schlumberger.

Other company, product, and service names are the properties of their respective
owners.
Schlumberger-Private
2 Copyright ©2001-2012 NExT. All rights reserved

2
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Objective
 Understand/review data categories

 Understand life cycle for each main datatype of the E&P industry,
 Get best practices managing Corporate/Project Data taking into account their
position into the lifecycle
 Understand positive impacts taking into account the stage of the data into the
lifecycle
 Understand negative impacts not considering the lifecycle
The final objective is to pass to you the knowledge required to better define data
management processes and increase value of the data.
Key to be successful in your future position
Agenda
 Introduction
 Definitions and Data Categories
 Data versus Metadata
 Physical Assets versus Digital/Electronic data

 Corporate versus Project
 Structured Data versus Unstructured Data
 Raw data/Processed data/Result data
 Data Life Cycle

 Presentation
 Data Categories
 Seismic Data
 Well Data/Deviation Survey/Well Log Data
 Lease/License
 Conclusion
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Introduction
Oil and Gas Life Cycle - Upstream
Exploration & Appraisal Development Production Abandonment

 Search for oil & gas deposits

 Reservoir characterization  Build surface and subsurface
facilities to produce oil and gas
 Reserve estimation
 Plan wells and surface facilities  Extract, process and export
 Plug wells
 Remove surface facilities
 Restore field initial state
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Relevance of Data Management during Upstream
Exploration Production
Exploration Data Production Data
Prospect Analysis and Further Reservoir

Definition of Characterization and
Development Options Production Optimization
Best Investment Maximize Return
Decisions of Investment
[ref]
DQM Solution Workshop (SIS) by Luis Carlos Jaramillo
Relevance of Data During Exploration
Exploration
(Appraisal Phase)
GO
• Rock, Fluid Properties
• 2/3D Seismic Exploration Field
• Log Curves Data Development
Reserves
Estimation
STOP
Reservoir Project Non
Characterization Viability? Profitable
Plan Wells and
Surface Facilities
[ref]
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Relevance of Data During Production
Production
(Development Phase)
• Production Volumes
Production • Reservoir Pressure, Temperature
Data • Flow Rates
Reservoir Economic Wells and Reservoir Production

Simulation Model Surface Models Model Update Optimization
9 [ref] Copyright ©2001-2012 NExT. All rights reserved

Definitions and Data Categories

 Data versus Metadata
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Data vs Metadata (Definitions)
 Data
“Factual information (as measurements or statistics) used as a basis for
[1]
reasoning, discussion, or calculation”
“Information output by a sensing device or organ that includes both
useful and irrelevant or redundant information and must be processed to
[1]
be meaningful”
 Metadata
[2]
“Metadata is data that provides information about data”
[1]
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/data
[2]
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metadata
Data vs Metadata (Example – Digital Camera)


[ref]
Fundamentals of Data Quality Management – NEXT* training - Author: Nigel Corbin
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Data vs Metadata (Example – Digital Camera)
 Data – in this case a JPEG

image
– Acquired by a photographer with a
digital camera
– Metadata about the image
 Captured by the Camera
– Date taken
– Camera model
– Focal Length
– ISO speed
 Captured by the process
– Note Quality tag = star rating.
– Title
– Authors

[orig ref]
Fundamentals of Data Quality Management – NEXT* training - Author: Nigel Corbin
Data vs Metadata (LAS 2.0 file example)
- Identify Curve Data section.

- Identify Metadata (related to curve data)

- Any other Metadata ?
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Data vs Metadata (LAS 2.0 file example)
Log Curve Metadata
Log Curve Metadata
Log Curve Data

 Physical Assets versus Digital/Electronic data
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Physical Assets (or Physical Object)
Definition: “A thing that you can see or touch but that is not
usually a living animal, plant, or person”[1]
Examples:
– Books, Printed documents (reports, presentations, pictures)
– Digital media (CD, DVD, USB portable disk, Tape)
– Cores, core plug, rock sample, fluid samples
[1]
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/object
Electronic data
Definition: “Information recorded in a manner that requires a

computer or other electronic device to display, interpret, and
process it.”[1]
Examples:
– Text file, email, image file, video file
– Word*, Excel*, PowerPoint* files
– DLIS, LAS, SEGY*, UKOOA* P1/90, UKOOA* P7 files
[1]
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/electronic-document.html
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 Corporate versus Project
Corporate v.s Project
 In many cases there exists some confusion as to the differences and

relative usefulness of both Corporate and Project data stores.
• What are these differences ?
• Why do they exist ?
• When is either one an appropriate solution?
[ref] Introduction to Information Management in Petroleum Industry - NEXT* Training - Author: Nigel Corbin
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Corporate Data Store
 A corporate data store is usually seen as an enterprise-wide

repository for the long-term storage of approved and validated
data.
 This data may be either original acquisition data, the results of
previous processing or interpretation.
 A focus on sharing data.
Corporate Data Store Advantages
– Approved values
– Preservation of corporate knowledge and data in an industry standard data

management environment
– Integration of distributed asset teams
– Reduction in data search and validation times
– Better data security and access
[Original ref] Introduction to Information Management in Petroleum Industry - NEXT* Training - Author: Nigel Corbin
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Corporate Data Store Advantages
– Strong reference constraints
– Validation procedures and methodology
– Backup
– Federation
Corporate Data Store Disadvantages
– Lower performance for specific data sets

– No opportunity to “play” with values
– Incomplete data
– Scale:
 Costs more to create/ configure
 More effort to maintain
[original ref] Introduction to Information Management in Petroleum Industry - NEXT* Training - Author: Nigel Corbin
12
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Project Data Store
– Relatively small data storage system

– Accessed by a single person or small group of people
– Frequently not a database as such
– Can be a closed proprietary file store
– Data access may or may not be allowed via some form of application
programming interface (API)
– Accessed by a single application or family of related applications
Project Data Store Advantages
– Sandbox for “What if” scenarios

– Incomplete data handling
– High performance
– Offline availability
– Highly optimised data model
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Project Data Store Disadvantages
– Intermediate or indeterminate data quality

– Data duplications across multiple projects
– Different versions of the “same” data
– Indeterminate reference data integrity
– Indeterminate meta-data integrity
– Poor performance for large data sets
– No storage of original data
– Poor or non-existent security
– Recoverability of older archived data
Corporate v.s Project - Metaphor - transport
– Shared resource – Personal resource

– High cost – Low cost
– Fixed location – Flexible route
– Specialists required – Anyone can maintain
– Large capacity – Limited capacity

– Long term investment – Rapid payback
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Corporate or Project
– Corporate and Project stores may have similar functions and data but serve
radically different purposes
– The Corporate store is a central repository of high quality, validated data with
a stringent set of consistency rules and accompanying policies and
procedures
– It is expected to store data long-term, in a
non-varying form
– Much of the data may be of benefit over a
large area
Corporate or Project
– Project stores allow rapid data change with multiple copies.

– Data access is designed specially to deliver to an application
– Poor stores for business reporting
– Often only look at small regions
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Summary
– Corporate and Project data stores both have their own strengths and
weaknesses
– These are a direct outcome of the purpose for which they are used
– The project store tends to be small and agile, concerned with a sub-set of data
and with generating results in the most efficient manner
– The Corporate store is large and monolithic, but
more capable of handling large amounts of high
quality data over a long period of time
Summary
– The concept of the Corporate and Project stores has arisen because one
single data store cannot perform both roles
– In order to implement a consistent data management strategy there is a need
for both the Corporate and Project data store for the foreseeable future
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 Structured Data versus Unstructured Data
Structured data
 Structured data is data that can be read by a machine system without

loss of meaning:
– Tabular data (in databases)
– XML or similar
– Text structures such as CSV files
[orig ref] Introduction to Information Management in Petroleum Industry - NEXT* Training - Author: Nigel Corbin
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Unstructured Data
 “Unstructured data refers to information that either does not have a
pre-defined data model and/or is not organized in a predefined
manner.”
Readable by a person but not easily by a machine
– Emails, text message, letters, reports, presentations and all kinds of
documents.
– Voicemails, Audio transcripts, Videos, Pictures.
– Social media content, online forums.
Most data is unstructured 80 to 90% (according to experts)


 Raw data/Processed data/Result data
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Raw data
Raw data is data which has not been processed

since acquisition either manually or by using
computer based processing.
This data is collected from different sources which
can be for example:
 Instrument reading.
 Sensor recording.
Raw data is also know as primary data or source

data.
Processed data
Processed Data is data which has been modified

manually of by using computer based tools to
become meaningful.
These operations are originally done on raw data

but can also be applied on already processed
data (coming from previous processing phase)
Examples:
 Verify (remove outliers or wrong data)
 Calculation (like signal processing)
 Merge
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Raw Data or
Data Processing Cycle Processed Data
in previous cycle
1 2 3
Data Input
Process
Collection (Data)
5 4
Output
Storage
(Information)
Processed Data
Result data
Result Data is Processed data which has been

interpreted by using computer tools or manually.
“Interpretation is the process by which sense and

meaning are made in data gathered.”[1]
RAW
PROC RESULT
RAW
[1] https://www.aqr.org.uk/glossary/analysis-and-interpretation
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Data Life Cycle
 Presentation
Data Lifecycle
Maintain & Share and Archive & Purge or

Plan Specify Enable Acquire
Use Publish restore Dispose
Data also has a lifecycle:

 The time scale here may span a few minutes, the lifetime of
a field, or more
 The various stages may relate to many activities in the
oilfield
 Each stage has its own risks and costs
 Data is only of value when it is used
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Activities – Planning for Acquisition

 Most (all?) activities are planned

– Some may be unplanned – disaster recovery
 But we still should have a contingency plan
– Information (data) is used to develop the plan
– A business case is developed
 With documents, contracts, and presentations to match.
– So we have a lot of new unstructured data
– That plan may include more data acquisition
Activities – Acquisition

 Data acquisition may be a small part of the oilfield activity.

– Seismic acquisition is focussed on acquiring seismic data
– Drilling a well is focussed on constructing the well as planned, and

acquiring data within the process
– Installing gauges in a well provides
 Metadata about the gauges (where are they, what are they?)
 The data they acquire - may be continuously acquired and transmitted for years later
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Activities – Maintain

 Data acquired needs to be kept and made available to be used.

– If it is not used, it is of little value
– Work needs to be done to maintain it
 Some physical media needs care, or it becomes unreadable.
– Sticky and unreadable magnetic tapes
– Lost media – cannot be found or used
 Digital data on disk may be lost or corrupted
– So we need backup processes, disaster recovery (etc..)
Activities – Use

 Data is typically stored in a number of different repositories

– These may be physical warehouses, or databases, or a cabinet full of paper
– Users typically generate new information from old

 We call this “interpretation”
 Some is structured, some is unstructured
– First step is always to find the old data
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Activities – Share and Publish

 For data to be valuable to the organisation (as opposed to the

individual) it has to be shared
– Ideally shared data should be:
 Public, Precise & Unique
– Where is the "definitive" version to be found?
– Who reviews the data?
– How is the data's history tracked?
Activities – Archival and Disposal

 Some data has a very short lifecycle, and we can archive it quickly
– We may need to maintain that archive for a long time
 Legal constraints, regulations …

 We may need to restore the data …
 Eventually, we can dispose of it properly and securely
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Generating Value

 Data only generates value for the organisation when it is being
used
 And the cost of the data handling activities must be justified by the
value that comes from the data…
Data Life Cycle

 Data Categories
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Lifecycle and Data Categories
Aban
Exploration Appraisal Development Production (Maturity) donm
ent
Life cycle duration: 15 to 30 years from first oil to abandonment.

(can be 50 years or more on largest deposits)
Production
Well
Reservoir
Seismic
Spatial
[original ref] ] Introduction to Information Management in Petroleum Industry - NEXT* Training - Author: Nigel Corbin
Data Categories
Spatial Well
 Culture Identity
Headers
 Boundaries / Licenses / Leases
Directional
 Quadrants / Blocks Drilling
Planning
 License History
Drilling
 Bathymetry/ Topography
Completion
 Surface Images
 Gravity & Magnetics
Events
Production Reservoir
 Coordinate Systems Drilling/ W-O Treatment Reserves
Configuration
 Stratigraphic Columns Formation External Network

Prospects
Core Description Network
Seismic Interpretation
Geochemistry Surface
Interpretation Studies
Seismic Surface Picks Sub-Surface
Horizon Time Grid
2D Navigation
Intervals Regular
Measured Volumes Horizon Depth Grid
Pressures
3D Navigation Pump Data Geologic Models
Logs
3D Outlines Curves - Preliminary Other Measurements Simulation Models
2D Seismic Trace Curves - Final Processed Operational
3D Seismic Trace Curves - Final Composite Allocated Volumes Indexes
Acquisition Parameters Petrophysical Parameters Occasional Physical Assets
Processing Parameters Zoned Properties Planned Events
Scanned Documents
Velocities Checkshots Unplanned Events
Electronic Documents
VSP Samples
Synthetic Seismograms Well Tests

[original ref] ] Introduction to Information Management in Petroleum Industry - NEXT* Training - Author: Nigel Corbin
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Data Classification
– There are a number of different ways to classify the data being used for E&P
 by domain - geophysics, petrophysics, drilling
 by business lifecycle - explore, develop, produce etc..
 by identifier – categories like maps, wells, seismic etc..
– There are always more choices to be made
 Too broad - confusion between categories
 Too much detail - endless discussions
[ref] ] Introduction to Information Management in Petroleum Industry - NEXT* Training - Author: Nigel Corbin
Seismic Data
 Acoustic waves are generated, at the surface of the
earth or ocean.
– Propagate into the subsurface
– Reflect from rock boundaries where properties Seismic
2D Navigation
change
3D Navigation
– Reflections are recorded at the surface. 3D Outlines
2D Seismic Trace
– Several different techniques, depending on 3D Seismic Trace
location and equipment used Acquisition Parameters
Processing Parameters
Velocities
From http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Terms/s/seismic_acquisition.aspx
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Key attributes
– Survey/Activity name  Acoustic trace data

 navigation – Amplitude v. time traces
– Can be very high volume.
 Spatial data
– Coordinate systems
– Acquisition systems and geometry
Seismic Processing
– Data acquired has to be processed [1]

– Processing information and processing
workflows must be properly tracked and kept linked
to processed data.
[2]
 Ex: Processing History Stanza (extended textual header of SEG-Y rev 1 data exchange format).
[1]
Thanks to C.Martinez from WesternGeco* for Processing screenshots
[2]
From SE-Y rev 1 Data Exchange Format – © 2001, Society of Exploration Geophysicist.
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Seismic Processing
– It may be possible or necessary to re-process old data

 New techniques => better information
 4D Seismic (Time-Lapse Seismic) => to be able to compare on a given time lapse.
From Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary: http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Terms/t/time_lapse_seismic_data.aspx
Data life cycle – Seismic (2D/3D)

RAW UKOOA P1/90
OGP P1/11
ACQUISITION
ACQUISITION SEG-D
PARAMETERS
DOCUMENTS
PROC UKOOA P1/90

OGP P1/11
PRE-PROCESSING
PROCESSING INTERNAL FORMAT
PARAMETERS and finally SEG-Y
PROCESSING
DOCUMENTS
INT
INTERNAL FORMAT
INTERPRETATION
INTERPRETATION GEOLOGICAL MODEL
PARAMETERS
DOCUMENTS
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Seismic Data and Navigation formats

– Seismic data recording formats:
 SEG-D rev 3.1 (2009, updated 2015)
 SEG-Y rev 1. (2002)
 SEG-P1, … (1983)
 SEG-C, … (1972)
 SEG-A,B… (1967)
 http://www.seg.org/resources/publications/misc/technical-standards
 UKOOA (now Oil & Gas UK))

– P1/90 is similar to SEG-P1 (www.iogp.org/Exchange/P1.pdf)
– P2/94 - Raw marine positioning data (http://www.iogp.org/Exchange/P2.pdf)
– P6/98 - 3D Seismic binning grids (http://www.iogp.org/Exchange/P6.pdf)
 IOGP (Association of Oil & Gas producers)

– OGP P1/11 (replacement of UKOOA P1/90 and SEG-P1)
– OGP P2/11 (replacement of UKOOA P2/94)
– OGP P6/11 (replacement of UKOOA P6/98)
http://www.iogp.org/Geomatics#2521696-geophysical-operations
[Orig ref] Introduction to Information Management in Petroleum Industry - NEXT* Training - Author: Nigel Corbin
Standards Bodies in Geophysics

EPSG = European Petroleum Survey Group (absorbed by IOGP in 2005)

IOGP = International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (formerly known as OGP)
OIL & GAS UK = Representative body for the UK offshore Oil and Gas industry (formerly known as UKOOA)
SEG = Society of Exploration Geophysicists
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Data life cycle – Well Data
– Data which can be measured during the life

of a well
– Acquired during operations related to the well
(Drilling, Directional survey, Wireline Logging,
Completion…)
Well Data represents the greatest variety of data categories.
Well – Key Attributes
– Surface Location What is a well?

– Identification
 Name, UWI, Number…
– Status
 “Active”, “Plugged an Abandoned”, “Inactive”

– Classification
 “Onshore”, “Offshore”
– Plan
– Owner and Operator (legal)
– Changes during life cycle (status, operator,….)
https://ppdm.org/ppdm-standards/
what-is-a-well-definitions
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Drilling
 One or more boreholes (or wellbores) are drilled from a given well
– Possibly at different times.
– Drilling processes produce:
Directional survey, well path – spatial location, total depth
Measurements While Drilling (MWD)
Cores recovered
Mud/Fluid samples – the Mud Log.
Reports and operational records.
Pressure tests
[1]
from NPD guidelines for designation of wells and wellbores
[1]
http://www.npd.no/Global/Norsk/5-Regelverk/Tematiske-veiledninger/Bronner_betegnelser_og_klassifisering_e.pdf
Borehole (Wellbore) – Key Attributes

What is a well?
– Bottom Location
– Identification
 Name, UBHI, Number…
– Identification of the Well
– Type of trajectory
 “Vertical”, “Horizontal”, “Directional”
– Status
 “Drilled”, “Completed”, “Producing”,
“Plugged”, “Injector”, … https://ppdm.org/ppdm-standards/
what-is-a-well-definitions
– Changes during life cycle (status)
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Wells/Wellbores Identification
– Many identification standards exist.

 US Well Number (replacement of API Well Number)
http://ppdm.org/ppdm/PPDM/Standards/Well_Identification/US_Well_Number_Standard/PPDM/US_Well_Number_Standard.aspx
 CWIS Standard (Canadian Well Identification System)
http://ppdm.org/ppdm/PPDM/Standards/Well_Identification/Canadian_Well_Id_System_Standard_/PPDM/CWIS_Standard.aspx
 NPD designation for Wells and wellbores (Norwegian Petroleum

Directorate)
http://www.npd.no/Global/Norsk/5-Regelverk/Tematiske-veiledninger/Bronner_betegnelser_og_klassifisering_e.pdf
– Some companies are also creating their own internal identifiers
Data life cycle – Deviation survey (Wellbore path computation)

 Survey performed after or during drilling (MWD) to calculate 3D wellbore
path.
– Type of survey instruments: N
W
 Gyroscopic, Magnetic (used in non magnetic environment) DX
E
S
– Measured parameters DY
 MD (Measured Depth) MD
TVD
 Azimuth: 0° to 360° (clockwise from North Reference)

AZIMUTH
 Inclination (from vertical) (0°= vertical, 90° = Horizontal)

– Other parameters INCLINATION
 North Reference (True North, Magnetic North, Grid North)

 Declination (when north reference is Magnetic North)
 Projected Coordinate System (when north reference is Grid North)
– Computed wellbore path (usually by using Minimum Curvature method):
 TVD: True Vertical Depth (MD ≥ TVD in all cases)
 Easting Offset (DX)
 Northing Offset (DY)
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Data life cycle – Deviation survey (Wellbore path computation)

 Example of 3D wellbore path (from Petrel* Software).
Well Logs
– Complex tools measuring usually against depth

 But sometimes time (flow rates, …)
– Operational records – activities
– Many contractors
 Many tools
 Much naming and standardisation
 Ex: Curve Mnemonic Dictionary http://www.apps.slb.com/cmd/
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Data life cycle – Well Logs

RAW
ASCII
ACQUISITION
ACQUISITION DLIS/LIS/SEGY
PARAMETERS
DOCUMENTS
PROC
DLIS/LAS/LIS/ASCII
PRE-PROCESSING
PROCESSING INTERNAL FORMAT
PARAMETERS
PROCESSING
DOCUMENTS
INT LAS/ASCII
ROCKS PHYSICAL
INTERPRETATION
INTERPRETATION PROPERTIES
PARAMETERS
DOCUMENTS
Well Log Standards
 LIS – Log Information Standard (SLB[1] 1974, 1986)

 Binary, tape based, need specialised tools to access
 http://w3.energistics.org/LIS/lis-79.pdf
 DLIS – Digital Log Interchange Standard (API[2])
 (V1.0 in 1991, V2.0 in 1996)

 Binary, file based, built on RP66
 http://www.energistics.org/geosciences/geology-standards
 LAS – Log ASCII Standard, CWLS[3]
 ASCII
 Versions 1.2 (1990), 2.0 (1991-2014), 3.0 (2000)
 http://www.cwls.org/las
[1]
Schlumberger
[2]
American Petroleum Institute
[3]
Canadian Well Logging Company
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LAS files – pros and cons
 PRO:  CON:
– LAS files are simple text files and – LAS files are simple text files and
can be edited with a simple tool can be edited with a simple tool
like Notepad like Notepad
Log Images
 Historically – logs printed to paper or film

– So a kind of document
– Can be handled as such
 Or digitised back to digital data
 Can be a scanned image and a LAS file (e.g.)

 May have useful metadata
– In Calgary log images freely available for old wells (Alberta Gov.)
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Data life cycle – Lease/License
 Represents legal limits on rights to explore and operate (can be

onshore or offshore)
– Licenses are usually distributed during a licensing round.
– Grants are provided for a given period of time (depending on the
type of license and country regulations)
– Owned by a Joint Venture or by a Company
– This procedure can be different from one country to another.
Bid System  Best offer will obtain the license.
Grant System  Highest involvement, interest, experience,
investment plan.
– License Fee to be payed.
From: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_licensing
Lease/License - Boundaries Spatial

Culture
Boundaries / Licenses / Leases
Quadrants / Blocks
License History
 Geographically delimited Bathymetry/ Topography

Surface Images
– National Boundaries Gravity & Magnetics
Coordinate Systems
And sub-divisions Stratigraphic Columns
– Regulatory divisions
Quadrant, blocks, lease, license
– Contractual limits
Agreed area for a Joint-Venture (JV)
Example of License, Quadrant and Block

(From Norwegian Petroleum Directorate)
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Lease/License - Key Attributes
– Name
– Status (ex: Active, Inactive)
– Effective Date
[1]
– Expiry Date Example of Licensing Arrangements and regulation
– Related contracts, maps, etc..
– ………
– Changes during lifecycle (status, extended expiry date, area,….)
Ex: http://factpages.npd.no/factpages/
License tab: Production license 248.
[1]
http://cdal.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/UKCS-Petroleum-Exploration-Licensing-Arrangements-and-Regulation-2006.doc
Conclusion
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Conclusion
– You have now the knowledge to better

manage data generated by the E&P
Industry
– You now understand that:
 Qualifying data inside its lifecycle will be
key for its quality
 Data without its complete context has a
very limited value and can impact
dramatically all processes related to its
usage
 If data is not used, it has also a very low
value.
Bibliography
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Bibliography and References

• National Information Standards Organization (NISO) (2001). http://www.niso.org/publications/press/UnderstandingMetadata.pdf (NISO Press.
ISBN 1-880124-62-9)
• Geophysical Technical Standards: http://seg.org/Publications/SEG-Technical-Standards
• Geology Standards: http://www.energistics.org/geosciences/geology-standards
• PPDM (Professional Petroleum Data Management Association): https://ppdm.org
• Well Logs Reference guide: https://wiki.ppdm.org/Well_Logs_Reference_guide
• Log ASCII Standard: http://www.cwls.org/las
• Raw Data definition: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raw_data
• Data Processing: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_processing
• Schlumberger Curve Mnemonic Dictionary: http://www.apps.slb.com/cmd/
• Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary: http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/
• Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_and_gas_law_in_the_United_States
• Licensing UKCS: http://cdal.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/UKCS-Petroleum-Exploration-Licensing-Arrangements-and-Regulation-2006.doc
• Data Management Value Study (CDA UK): http://cdal.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Data-Management-Value-Study-Final-Report.pdf
• Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD): http://www.npd.no/en/
• Norwegian Licensing System: http://www.norskpetroleum.no/en/exploration/exploration-policy/
• NPD guidelines for designation of wells and wellbores: http://www.npd.no/Global/Norsk/5-Regelverk/Tematiske-
veiledninger/Bronner_betegnelser_og_klassifisering_e.pdf
• NPD Fact Page: http://factpages.npd.no/factpages/
• Schlumberger Seabed Data Model: http://seabed.software.slb.com/
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12/18/2017

Data Life Cycle

 © 2016 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.

 An asterisk is used throughout this presentation to denote a mark of Schlumberger.

2 Copyright ©2001-2012 NExT. All rights reserved

 Understand/review data categories

Key to be successful in your future position

3 Copyright ©2001-2012 NExT. All rights reserved

 Physical Assets versus Digital/Electronic data

 Corporate versus Project

 Structured Data versus Unstructured Data

 Raw data/Processed data/Result data

 Data Life Cycle

 Well Data/Deviation Survey/Well Log Data

Oil and Gas Life Cycle - Upstream

Exploration & Appraisal Development Production Abandonment

 Search for oil & gas deposits

6 Copyright ©2001-2012 NExT. All rights reserved

Relevance of Data Management during Upstream

Prospect Analysis and Further Reservoir

Relevance of Data During Exploration

Relevance of Data During Production

Reservoir Economic Wells and Reservoir Production

9 [ref] Copyright ©2001-2012 NExT. All rights reserved

Definitions and Data Categories

 Data versus Metadata

10 Copyright ©2001-2012 NExT. All rights reserved

Data vs Metadata (Definitions)

“Information output by a sensing device or organ that includes both

11 Copyright ©2001-2012 NExT. All rights reserved

Data vs Metadata (Example – Digital Camera)

12 Copyright ©2001-2012 NExT. All rights reserved

Data vs Metadata (Example – Digital Camera)

 Data – in this case a JPEG

13 Copyright ©2001-2012 NExT. All rights reserved

Data vs Metadata (LAS 2.0 file example)

- Identify Curve Data section.

- Identify Metadata (related to curve data)

14 Copyright ©2001-2012 NExT. All rights reserved

Data vs Metadata (LAS 2.0 file example)

Log Curve Metadata

Log Curve Data

15 Copyright ©2001-2012 NExT. All rights reserved

Definitions and Data Categories

 Physical Assets versus Digital/Electronic data

16 Copyright ©2001-2012 NExT. All rights reserved

Physical Assets (or Physical Object)

1717 Copyright ©2001-2012 NExT. All rights reserved

Definition: “Information recorded in a manner that requires a

18 Copyright ©2001-2012 NExT. All rights reserved

Definitions and Data Categories

19 Copyright ©2001-2012 NExT. All rights reserved

Corporate v.s Project

 In many cases there exists some confusion as to the differences and

• When is either one an appropriate solution?

20 Copyright ©2001-2012 NExT. All rights reserved

Corporate Data Store

 A corporate data store is usually seen as an enterprise-wide

21 Copyright ©2001-2012 NExT. All rights reserved

Corporate Data Store Advantages

– Preservation of corporate knowledge and data in an industry standard data

– Integration of distributed asset teams

– Reduction in data search and validation times