Question 1

a. It is the amount of oxygen needed by microorganism / bacteria to

decompose organic substances in water
b. (i) The concentration of dissolved oxygen in Y is lower while in Z is
higher.
(ii) The pollution levels in Y is higher than Z
c. Y has the highest BOD value. It means there are a lot of organic
substances and decomposers in sample Y
d. (i) Close the reagent bottle tightly ( to prevent the oxidation of
methylene blue)
(ii) Do not shake the bottle.
e. (i) type of water sample
(ii) Time taken for the methylene blue solution to decolourise
(iii) Volume of water
f. Time taken for methylene blue solution to decolourise in water
sample Y is shorter compared to water sample X and Z
Question 2

a. (i) Layer of carbon dioxide and methane

(ii) The burning of fossil fuels / increased in deforestation
b. (i) Greenhouse effect
(ii) Glaciers melt causes rising of sea level
Direction of wind changes
c. Conservation of forest
Find alternative source of energy such as wind energy or solar
energy
Question 3

a. To improve the economy status and productivity

b. (i) air and water pollution
(ii) air and sound pollution
(iii) Global warming, soil erosion

c. Soil erosion or landslide occurs. some flora and fauna also will extinct
due to loss of habitat
d. Carry out the proper management of development activities. Forest
must be managed properly as they have vital environmental
functions. Timber can continue to be harvested while the biodiversity
of rainforest is protected.
e. Use modern technology such as
i. Install catalyst converters in vehicle exhaust emissions and
convert harmful gases
ii. Use unleaded petrol
iii. Re-plant trees
iv. Car pooling
Question 4

a. Carbon monoxide – vehicles of the road

Oxides of nitrogen – vehicles on the road
Sulphur dioxide – combustion of fossil fuels
b. Carbon monoxide can combine with haemoglobin and reduce the
delivery of oxygen to the cells
c. Use fossil fuels with low sulphur content.
Clean up emission from power station with scrubbers
d. Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur dioxide combine with water vapour.
These will form nitric acid and sulphurus acid which causes the rain
to be acidic.
e. Effects of acid rain
i. Soil becomes very acidic
ii. Not suitable to cultivate crops
iii. Leaching of minerals in soil
iv. Contaminate water supply
Question 5

a. (i) It is a region in the stratosphere, between 20 to 25 km above the

Earth surface
(ii) it absorb ultraviolet rays and prevent any damaged to living
organism
b. (i) Increasing level of chlorofluorocarbon in the atmosphere
(ii) CFC contains chlorine, carbon and fluorine. In the stratosphere,
CFCs are broken down by ultraviolet rays. As a result, the highly
reactive chlorine radicals are released. These chlorine radicals break
down the ozone molecule in a chain reaction
c. Skin cancer, cataracts, sunburn
d. Reduce or stop using CFC
Replace CFC with HCFC