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⇤ ⇤

= <

⇤ ⇤
= >

⇤, ⇤ <
=
, ⇤ >


⇤, ⇤ >
=
, ⇤ 6

= + ( - )
, ⇤
>
= ⇤
, <
⇤ ⇤ ⇤
, = + + ··· + + >
=

,
= + + ··· + +
| ,..., ⇠ ,

, =
=
, =

>

= { , }= { , + + ··· + + }
, + + ··· + + >
=
,

 ✓ 0 ◆  ✓ 0 ◆ -
( | )= -


| , =
( | )=
( = | ), =

Y X
( | )=[ ( ⇤
| )] [ ( = | )] - ,..., ; , , = ( )= ( )
= =

⇤ 0 X ✓ 0 ◆ ✓ ✓ 0 ◆◆
= + , = +( - ) -
=

 ⇣ ⌘ ✓ 0 ◆
⇤ ⇤ 0
( | )= p - - =

=
✓ 0 ◆
-
( = | ) = ( ⇤
6 )= ( 6- 0
)=
✓ 0 ◆
= -
[ | ]= [ | , > ] ( > )

0
0 0 0 /
[ | , > ]= + / = + 0
/
0
( > )= /

0
( / )

[ | ]

⇤| ,...,
=

0b
b =
! =b +b + ··· + b ( = | ,..., )
=
( = | ,..., )
=- (! )

! = + + ··· +

b = b⇤ = !
b =b +b + ··· + b , b >
!
( | ,..., , > ) h i
= -! (! ) - (! )

⇣ ⌘ (! ) = (! ) / (! )
c( ⇤
6 )= b +b + ··· + b = b )
(!

( | ,..., )
= (! )
+ +


= ( + + ··· + + )
| ⇠ ,

, ⇤
>
=
,


, >
=
, =

, + + ··· + +✏ >
=
,

= ( + , + ··· + , + ) =
( | ,..., )=
( )
= + , + ··· + , + =
( )-( )
✓ ◆
( | = , )= + , + ··· + , +

( )

( | , )
=)
= + + , ( | )= ( )=

= ( , )
= + +

( )=
( )= [ ( | )] = [ ( | )]


=
⇤ ⇤
> = + + ··· + +

= + + ··· + +


, >
=
, ⇤
6
⇤ ⇤
=


, =  ✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
=
-, = | , ⇠ ,

= =

( | , , = ) = + + ··· +
( | , , = )= + +· · ·+ + ( | , , = ) + ⇢ + + ··· +

( | , )=

=⇡ +⇡ + ··· + ⇡ +✏
??
( | , , = ) = ⇢ (! ) b !

⇢ 6=
! = + + ··· +
(! )

( ) = ( )/ ( )
p (! )
⇢ = / !

b ! , = ,...,
b + ! ⇢

( = | )= ( > | )= + + ··· +

:⇢=
b
! =b +b + ··· + b

b = (!
b )

b
b
= + + ··· + + +
b +"
( = | ), =
( , | , )=
( = | ) ( | , = ), =

= + + ··· + + +
b +"

, , , =
Y - ⇥ ⇤
[ ( = | ; )] ( = | ; ) | , = ; , ,
= ( + + ··· + )
=

( )
( )=
( )

( | , , = ) = + + ··· + (•)
+ + + ··· +
( + + ··· + )
(•)

(! )
(•)
(! )

(•)
(•) =
(! )
(! )

(•)

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