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Example
Example
Calculate the volume of a cone with radius 5cm and height 12cm.
Answer
Volume of a prism
A prism is a solid with a uniform cross section. This means that no matter where it is sliced
along its length, the cross section is the same size and shape (congruent).
A well-known example of a prism is a cylinder and you can see from the image above that the
front face (cross section) is the same size of circle no matter where you slice it.
The formula for the volume of a prism where is the area of the cross section and is the
height/length of the solid is:
Example
This shape is a triangular prism so the area of the cross section is the area of a triangle.
Answer
Area of the triangle:
Volume of a cylinder
The formula for the volume of a cylinder (circular prism) is derived from the volume of a
prism, where is the radius and is the height/length.
Since the area of a circle = , then the formula for the volume of a cylinder is:
Example
Answer
Volume of a hemisphere
Half a sphere is called a hemisphere.
Example
A glass bowl is in the shape of a hemisphere with diameter 13cm.Trisha will fill the bowl
with water so that she can use it for floating candles. What is the maximum amount of water
the glass bowl can hold?
Answer
Diameter = 13cm therefore the radius = .
Volume of Sphere =
The volumes of each of the individual shapes are then added together to give the total volume
of the composite shape.
Example
Calculate the volume of the shape shown.
Answer
Diameter = 10m therefore the radius =
Volume of cylinder:
Volume of sphere:
Volume of hemisphere
A formula triangle involving force, mass, and acceleration. Cover one up and it gives you the
formula that you need to find the one you're hiding!
Acceleration is the rate at which an object changes its speed. It's calulated
using the equation: acceleration = change in speed / time taken.
Speed-time graphs illustrate how the speed of an object changes over time. The
steeper the gradient of the line, the greater the acceleration.
Acceleration
Calculating acceleration
Acceleration = change in speed / time taken
Example
1. 1
2. 2
1. Next
Whenever 'work' is done energy is transferred from one place to another. The
amount of work done is expressed in the equation: work done = force x
distance.
Work done
Work is done whenever a force moves something.
Everyday examples of work include walking up stairs, or lifting heavy objects. Whenever
work is done energy is transferred from one place to another. Both energy and work are
measured in joules, J.
Higher tier
Power is a measure of how quickly work is being done and so how quickly energy is
being transferred.
More powerful engines in cars can do work quicker than less powerful ones. As a result
they usually travel faster and cover the same distance in less time but also require more
fuel.
Car comparison
Car A (standard) Car B (sports)
Power 44 240
Question
If both fuel tanks hold 50 litres how far could each car drive without refuelling?
Answer
Car A
Car B
Higher tier
power (watts, W) = work done (joule, J) / time taken (seconds, s)
Question
What is the power of an engine that does 3000J of work in 60s?
Answer
Power = work done / time taken
Higher tier
Use the triangle to help you rearrange the equation to:
The equation
All of the calculations in this section will be worked out using the distance, speed and time
equation.
An easy way to remember the distance, speed and time equations is to put the letters into a
triangle.
The triangles will help you remember these 3 rules:
Have paper and a pen handy, draw the distance, speed and time triangle on your paper, then
try the examples
Example
Iain walked from his parents' farm into town at a steady speed of .
Shona cycles at an average speed of . How far has she travelled if she cycles for
?
Shona has travelled .
Units
It is important that, for all of these calculations, the units used correspond with each other.
If the distance is given in kilometres and the time in hours, then the measurement of speed
should be given in the form of kilometres per hour. This is written as km/h.
This next question shows where you need to be careful with units
Kelly runs from until at an average speed of . How far did she go
Joanna drives for at an average speed of . How long was her journey