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3
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
Introduction
This booklet has been produced to support mathematics teachers delivering the new
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MAO and
9MAO) specifications for first teaching from September 2017.
This booklet looks at Sample Assessment Materials for AS and A level Mathematics
qualifications, specifically at pure mathematics questions, and is intended to offer model solutions
with different methods explored.
4
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
5
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
AS Level
Question 1
The line l passes through the points A (3, 1) and B (4, 2).
Gradient y 2 y1 Change in y
m Gradient =
x 2 x1 Change in x
M1
2 1
m = –3
43
Alternatives y = mx + c
y = – 3x +c M1
1 = – 3 × 3 + c, at (3, 1)
c = 10 A1
y = – 3x +10 A1
y y1 x x1
y 2 y1 x 2 x1
y 1 x3 M1
2 1 4 3
A1
y – 1 = – 3(x – 3)
A1
y = – 3x + 10
6
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
Question 2
7
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
Question 3
Given that the point A has position vector 3i – 7j and the point B has position vector 8i + 3j,
A
AB OB OA
= 8i + 3j – (3i – 7j) M1
= 5i + 10j A1
AB = 5 2 10 2 M1
AB = 125
A1
AB = 5 5
8
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
Question 4
(b) Hence show that 3 is the only real root of the equation f(x) = 0.
(4)
f(x) = 4 x 3 – 12 x 2 +2 x – 6
f(x) = (x – 3)(4 x 2 + 2) M1
A1
f(x) = 2(x – 3)(2x 2 +1)
For f(x) = 0
1
Require x = 3 or x 2
2 M1
1
Since x
2
A1
There is only one root x = 3
9
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
Question 5
12
Given that f(x) = 2x + 3 + , x > 0,
x2
2 2
show that f ( x)dx 16 3
2
2
(5)
f(x) = 2x + 3 + 12 x 2 B1
Integrate 2 2
2x 2 12 x 1
2 x 3 12 x
2 2
2
dx 3x M1
2 2 1 1
2 2
12
x 2 3x
x 1 A1
10
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
Question 6
y A (x, 3x2)
O x
x x+h
AB, or
x xhx x x x
3x 2 2 xh h 2 3x 2
h
3x 2 6 xh 3h 2 3x 2
M1
h
6 xh 3h 2
h
= 6x + 3h or 6x + 3δx A1
As h→0,
or as 𝛿𝑥 →0, = 6x A1
δy dy
δx dx
11
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
Question 7
7
x
(a) Find the first 3 terms, in ascending powers of x, of the binomial expansion of 2 , giving
2
each term in its simplest form.
(4)
a bn a n
n n1 n n 2 2 n
a b a b a nr b r b n ( n N)
1 2 r
n n!
Where n C r
r r!n r !
7 6 x 7 5 x
7 2
x
2 2 2 2
7
M1
2 1 2 2 2
= 128 B1
– 224x A1
+ 168x2 + … A1
Alternative
(From the A level section of the formula Booklet)
7
x
7
x
2 21
2 4
2
x
7 6
x 4 ...]
= 27 [1 + 7 M1
4 2!
x
2
7 6
x 4
128 1 7
4 2!
= 128 B1
– 224x A1
+ 168x2 + … A1
12
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
(b) Explain how you would use your expansion to give an estimate for the value of 1.9957.
(1)
x
Require 2 = 1.995
2
x
= 0.005
2
x = 0.01 B1
Therefore substituting x = 0.01 into 128 – 224x + 168x2 would give an approximation
for 1.9957
13
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
Question 8
70 60
A B
30 m
Figure 1
A triangular lawn is modelled by the triangle ABC, shown in Figure 1. The length AB is to be
30 m long.
(b) Why is your answer unlikely to be accurate to the nearest square metre?
(1)
14
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
Question 9
12 sin2 x + 7 cos x 13 = 0.
Using the diagram, or otherwise, solutions in the range 360° ≤ x ≤ 540° are A1
360° +70.5° and 360° + 75.5°
430.5° and 435.5°
15
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
Question 10
3
Prove that 0 ≤ k .
4
(4)
kx2 + 4kx + 3 = 0
3
0<k<
4
3 A1
0≤k< , as required
4
16
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
Question 11
Way 1
Consider
x y
2
0 Since x and y are positive, their
square roots are real and any
squared term is positive
Expanding x – 2 xy + y ≥ 0 M1
x + y ≥ 2 xy
Hence x y As required. A1
xy
2
Way 2 (x – y)2 ≥ 0
x2 – 2xy + y2 ≥ 0
x2 + 2xy + y2 ≥ 4xy Add 4xy to each side M1
(x + y)2 ≥ 4xy
x + y ≥ 2 xy
Hence x y As required A1
xy
2
y x
Way 2 can be derived from a diagram
x
Area of square > sum of rectangles y
(x + y)2 > xy + xy + xy + xy
(x + y)2 > 4xy M1
y
x
Then as way 2 A1
The square at the centre has area (x – y)2 x y
Leading to equality of the inequality when x = y
17
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
(b) Prove by counterexample that this is not true when x and y are both negative.
(1)
18
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
Question 12
A student was asked to give the exact solution to the equation 22x + 4 – 9(2x) = 0.
22x + 4 – 9(2x) = 0
22x + 24 – 9(2x) = 0
Let 2x = y
y2 – 9y + 8 = 0
(y – 8)(y – 1) = 0
y = 8 or y = 1
So x = 3 or x = 0
Error 1, 22x + 4 – 9(2x) = 0 The 1st error is writing 22x + 4 = 22x + 24,
line 2 22x 24 – 9(2x) = 0 instead of writing 22x + 4 = 22x × 24 B1
Error 2, 24 ≠ 8, 24 = 16 nd 4
The 2 error is writing 2 = 8 and using this
line 4 as an added constant rather than 24 = 16 used B1
as a multiplying coefficient.
19
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
20
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
Question 13
x3 + 10x2 + 25x
x(x2 + 10x + 25) M1
x(x + 5)(x + 5) or x(x + 5)2 A1
(b) Sketch the curve with equation y = x3 + 10x2 + 25x, showing the coordinates of the points at
which the curve cuts or touches the x-axis.
(2)
The point with coordinates (3, 0) lies on the curve with equation
21
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
Question 14
log10 P
(0, 5)
O t
Figure 2
A town’s population, P, is modelled by the equation P = abt, where a and b are constants and t is
the number of years since the population was first recorded. The line l shown in Figure 2 illustrates
the linear relationship between t and log10 P for the population over a period of 100 years.
1
The line l meets the vertical axis at (0, 5) as shown. The gradient of l is .
200
Using y = mx + c
log10 P mt c M1
1
m= ,c=5
200
1
log 10 P t 5 A1
200
22
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
P = abt
log10 P log10 ab t
23
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
(d) Find
(i) the population predicted by the model when t = 100, giving your answer to the nearest
hundred thousand,
(ii) the number of years it takes the population to reach 200 000, according to the model.
(3)
(i) t
P 100000 10 200
100
When
t = 100 P 100000 10 200
t
2 10 200
t
log10 2
200
t 200 log10 2 M1
t 60.2 years A1
(e) State two reasons why this may not be a realistic population model.
(2)
24
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
Question 15
Diagram not
drawn to scale
y
C1
C2
O x
Figure 3
1
The point P , 2 lies on C1.
2
y 4 x2 6 x 4
dy
8x 6 M1
dx
1
At P, x
2
dy 1
8 6 2 M1
dx 2
25
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
When 1 1 7 1 7
y e 4 ln 2 e 4 M1
1 7 2 2 2
x e4 7 7
2 1
y e 4 ln e 4
4
1 7 7
y e4
4 4
Hence 1 74 1 74 7 Exact A1
Q( e , e ) Coordinates
2 4 4
26
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
Question 16
Figure 4
Figure 4 shows the plan view of the design for a swimming pool.
The shape of this pool ABCDEA consists of a rectangular section ABDE joined to a semicircular
section BCD as shown in Figure 4.
Given that AE = 2x metres, ED = y metres and the area of the pool is 250 m2,
250 x
P 2x
x 2
(4)
2x Diameter
Length of arc BCD = x Using
2 2
Perimeter ABCDE, P 2 x 2 y x
Area ABCDE x2 Area = rectangle + semi- B1
250 2 xy circle
2
250 x Making y the subject M1
y
2x 4
Substitute for y 250 x M1
P 2 x 2( ) x
2x 4
250 x
P 2x x
x 2
250 x
P 2x As required. A1
x 2
27
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
500
(b) Explain why 0 x
(2)
(c) Find the minimum perimeter of the pool, giving your answer to 3 significant figures.
(4)
dP
For the minimum perimeter, require 0
dx
x
P 2 x 250 x 1
2
dP 250 M1
2 2 A1
dx x 2
For min 250
dP 2 2 0
0 x 2
dx 250
2 2
2 x
4 1
500 x 2
500
x2
4
500
x 8.36734... M1
4
When 500
x
500
P2
500
250
4
4 4 500 2
4
28
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
Or 250 8.36734...
x = 8.36734… P 2 8.36734...
8.36734... 2
P = 59.75614… A1
P = 59.8 m to 3 s.f. (including units)
29
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
Question 17
(a) Show that the circle C also passes through the point (10, 1).
(3)
The tangent to the circle C at the point (10, 11) meets the y axis at the point P and the tangent to
the circle C at the point (10, 1) meets the y axis at the point Q.
30
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
AS level
31
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
A level Paper 1
A level Pure 1
Question 1
dy
(a) Find (i) ,
dx
d2 y
(ii) .
dx 2
(3)
y 3x 4 8 x 3 3
dy
12 x 3 24 x 2 M1
dx
A1
d2 y
2
36 x 2 48 x
dx A1
OR dy
Substitute x 2 into 12 x 3 24 x 2
dx
122 242
dy 3 2
dx M1
dy Minimum at x = 2, point of
0
dx inflexion at x = 0
32
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
A level Paper 1
(c) Determine the nature of this stationary point, giving a reason for your answer.
(2)
(c) When x = 2,
d2 y M1
36 4 48 2
dx 2
d2 y
48
dx 2
d2 y A1
Since 0 , x = 2 is a minimum point.
dx 2
dy
Alternatively use either side of x = 2
dx
and show x < 2 is negative and x > 2 is
positive.
E.g. x = 1.9 gives -4.332, x = 2.1 gives
5.292
33
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
A level Paper 1
Question 2
Figure 1
The shape ABCDOA, as shown in Figure 1, consists of a sector COD of a circle centre O joined to
a sector AOB of a different circle, also centre O.
Given that arc length CD = 3 cm, COD = 0.4 radians and AOD is a straight line of length 12 cm,
find
Arc length = rθ
3 = 0.4r M1
r = 7.5 cm A1
1 2 r = 12 − 7.5 = 4.5 M1
Area of sector = r 0.4
2
1
Area of sector = 4.52 ( 0.4) M1
2
= 27.8 cm2 A1
34
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
A level Paper 1
Question 3
k 29 0 M1
k 29 A1
35
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
A level Paper 1
Question 4
t 1 dt = ln 7,
2a
a t
t 1
2a
a t
dt ln 7
1 1
2a 1 t for integrating
a 1 t dt ln 7 t
Integrate M1
[t ln t ]2a a ln 7 M1
Substitute, (top limit) – (bottom limit)
(2a ln 2a) (a ln a) ln 7 M1
a ln 2 ln 7
a ln 7 ln 2
7
a ln
2
7
Therefore k A1
2
36
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
A level Paper 1
Question 5
3
x = 2t – 1, y = 4t – 7 + , t 0.
t
Show that the Cartesian equation of the curve C can be written in the form
2 x 2 ax b
y= , x 1,
x 1
3
x 2t 1, y 4t 7
t
Eliminate t between the parametric
equations
x 1
t
2
x 1 3
y 4( )7 M1
2 x 1
2
6
y 2x 5
x 1
Common denominator
(2 x 5)( x 1) 6
y M1
x 1
2 x 3x 1
2
y A1
x 1
Therefore a = −3, b = 1
37
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
A level Paper 1
Question 6
The daily volume of oil V, measured in barrels that the company will extract from this oilfield
depends upon the time, t years, after the start of drilling.
The company decides to use a model to estimate the daily volume of oil that will be extracted.
The model includes the following assumptions:
The initial daily volume of oil extracted from the oil field will be 16 000 barrels.
The daily volume of oil that will be extracted exactly 4 years after the start of drilling will be
9000 barrels.
The daily volume of oil extracted will decrease over time.
(a) (i) Use model A to estimate the daily volume of oil that will be extracted exactly 3 years
after the start of drilling.
V = −1750t +16000 B1
When t = 3, V = −1750(3) + 16000
38
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
A level Paper 1
= 10750 barrels
16000 V 3
V
16000 9000 4
64000 4V 21000 9000
4V 43000 0 3 4 B1
V 10750 barrels.
(ii) This (linear) model predicts that the daily volume of oil would become
negative as t increases which is impossible
An example: E.g. t = 10 gives V = −1500 which is impossible, or similar.
16000 64 64 B1
Valid range for t: When V = 0, t , therefore 0 t
1750 7 7
(b) (i) Using an exponential model and the information given in the question, find a possible
equation for model B.
(ii) Using your answer to (b)(i) estimate the daily volume of oil that will be extracted exactly
3 years after the start of drilling.
(5)
(ii) 1
ln
9
3
When t = 3, V 16000e 4 16
B1
V = 10400
39
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
A level Paper 1
Question 7
Figure 2
B
2i + 3j + k
i - 9j + 3k
A
AC AB BC
M1
AC 3i 6 j 4k
40
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
A level Paper 1
AB 14 , AC 61 , BC 91 Use Pythagoras M1
Find all lengths A1
Using the cosine rule
14 61 91 M1
cos
2 14 61 A1
θ = 105.9
OR Let BAC
AC 3i 6 j 4k as before M1
Using the scalar (dot) product
Use Pythagoras
AB AC
cos Find lengths M1
AB AC A1
2 3 3 6 1 4
cos M1
22 32 12 32 (6) 2 4
8
cos
14 61
θ = 105.9 A1
41
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
A level Paper 1
Question 8
(a) Show that f(x) 0 has a root in the interval 3.5, 4.
(2)
(b) apply the Newton-Raphson procedure once to obtain a second approximation for , giving
your answer to 3 significant figures.
(2)
3.099
x1 4
16.67 M1
x1 3.81 A1
42
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
A level Paper 1
Require f(x) = 0
ln(2 x 5) 2 x2 30 0
M1
ln(2 x 5) 30 2 x2
(sketch)
Graphically, the intersection(s) of y ln(2 x 5) crosses the x-
y ln(2 x 5) and y 30 2 x2 axis when:
0 ln(2 x 5)
1 2 x 5 since e0 1
x3
Or y ln(2 x 5) is a
translation of y = lnx by the
5
vector followed by a
0
horizontal stretch, scale
factor ½
A1
The graph illustrates that there is only one
root, because there is only one intersection.
43
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
A level Paper 1
Question 9
n
(a) Prove that tan + cot 2 cosec 2 , , n ℤ.
2
(4)
(b) Hence explain why the equation tan + cot 1 does not have any real solutions.
(1)
2
Require 1
sin 2
sin 2 2
Since -1 ≤ sin2 ≤ 1
44
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
A level Paper 1
Question 10
Given that is measured in radians, prove, from first principles, that the derivative of sin is cos
sin h cos h 1
You may assume the formula for sin (A B) and that, as h 0, 1 and 0
h h
(5)
Let y sin
Let (or h) be a small increment in 𝜃
45
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
A level Paper 1
Question 11
An archer shoots an arrow. The height, H metres, of the arrow above the ground is modelled by
the formula
H 1.8 + 0.4d – 0.002d 2, d 0,
where d is the horizontal distance of the arrow from the archer, measured in metres.
Given that the arrow travels in a vertical plane until it hits the ground,
(a) find the horizontal distance travelled by the arrow, as given by this model.
(3)
When H = 0
1.8 0.4d 0.002d 2 0 M1
0.4 0.4 2 4 (0.002) 1.8
d dM1
2 (0.002)
d 204 m to 3.s.f. A1
(b) With reference to the model, interpret the significance of the constant 1.8 in the formula.
(1)
(c) Write 1.8 + 0.4d – 0.002d 2 in the form A B(d – C)2, where A, B and C are constants to be
found.
(3)
46
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
A level Paper 1
It is decided that the model should be adapted for a different archer. The adapted formula for this
archer is
H 2.1 + 0.4d – 0.002d 2, d 0.
(d) (i) the maximum height of the arrow above the ground.
(ii) the horizontal distance, from the archer, of the arrow when it is at its maximum height.
(2)
(ii) 100 m B1
47
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
A level Paper 1
Question 12
In a controlled experiment, the number of microbes, N, present in a culture T days after the start
of the experiment, were counted.
N and T are expected to satisfy a relationship of the form N = aTb, where a and b are constants.
(a) Show that this relationship can be expressed in the form log10 N = m log10 T + c, giving m and
c in terms of the constants a and/or b.
(2)
N aT b
Taking log10 of both sides
log10 N log10 aT b
log10 N log10 a log10 T b Using log xy = log x+log y M1
log10 N log10 a b log10 T Using log xn = nlog x
48
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
Sample Assessment Materials Model Answers – Pure Mathematics
© Pearson Education Limited 2017
A level Paper 1
log10 N
log10 T
Figure 3
Figure 3 shows the line of best fit for values of log10 N plotted against values of log10 T.
(b) Use the information provided to estimate the number of microbes present in the culture 3 days
after the start of the experiment.
(4)
4.6 1.8
Gradient b 2.3 to 1.d.p. M1
1.2
Hence
N 63T 2.3
After 3 days M1
N 63(3)2.3 800 A1
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A level Paper 1
(c) Explain why the information provided could not reliably be used to estimate the day when the
number of microbes in the culture first exceeds 1 000 000.
(2)
(d) With reference to the model, interpret the value of the constant a.
(1)
50
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A level Paper 1
Question 13
dy
(a) Find an expression for in terms of t.
dx
(2)
x 2cos t , y 3 cos 2t
dy dy dt
‘Chain rule’
dx dt dx
dx dy
2 sin t , 2 3 sin 2t
dt dt sin 2t 2sin t cos t
dy 2 3 sin 2t
M1
dx 2 sin t
dy 3 sin 2t
A1
dx sin t
OR dy 3 2 sin t cos t
dx sin t
dy (alternative)
2 3 cos t
dx
51
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2
The point P lies on C where t .
3
At P 2 1
cos
dy 2 3 2
2 3 cos M1
dx 3
dy
3
dx
The tangent at P has gradient 3
1
The gradient of the normal at P is
3 M1
2 2
When t , x 2cos ,
3 3 The equation of a line gradient m
4
y 3 cos through the point ( x1 , y1 )
3
3 3
x 1 , y , hence P(1, )
2 2 B1
Using y y1 m( x x1 )
3 1
y ( x 1) M1
2 3
2 3 y 3 2( x 1)
2 3 y 3 2x 2
2 x 2 3 y 1 0 as required. A1
52
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A level Paper 1
2x 2 3 y 1 0
x 2cos t , y 3 cos 2t
Therefore 4cos t 6cos 2t 1 0 Identity M1
4cos t 6cos 2t 1 0
‘ cos 2t 2cos2 t 1 ’
4cos t 12cos2 t 5 0 M1
12cos2 t 4cos t 5 0 A1
(6cos t 5)(2cos t 1) 0 Factorise, use of the
quadratic formula or
1 5 otherwise
cos t at P, or cos t at Q M1
2 6
(rejected)
x 2cos t , y 3 cos 2t
Therefore at Q
5
x 2 , y 3 cos 2t
6
x ,
5 y 3(2cos2 t 1)
3
25
y 3(2 1) ) M1
36
25
y 3( 1) )
18
7 3
y
18
A1
5 7 3
Therefore Q( , ) , exact values.
3 18
53
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A level Paper 1
Question 14
Figure 4
x 2 ln x
y= – 2x + 5, x > 0.
3
The finite region S, shown shaded in Figure 4, is bounded by the curve C, the line with equation x
= 1, the x-axis and the line with equation x = 3.
The table below shows corresponding values of x and y, with the values of y given to 4 decimal
places as appropriate.
x 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
(a) Use the trapezium rule, with all the values of y in the table, to obtain an estimate for the area
of S, giving your answer to 3 decimal places.
(3)
54
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A level Paper 1
Numerical Integration
b 1
The trapezium rule:
a
ydx h{( y0 yn ) 2( y1 y2 ... yn1 )} where
2
ba
h
n
1 B1
Area S 0.5{(3 2.2958) 2(2.3041 1.9242 1.9089)} M1
2
Area S 4.393 to 3 d.p. A1
(b) Explain how the trapezium rule could be used to obtain a more accurate estimate for the area
of S.
(1)
55
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a
(c) Show that the exact area of S can be written in the form + ln c, where a, b and c are integers
b
to be found.
(In part (c), solutions based entirely on graphical or numerical methods are not acceptable.)
(6)
dv du
u dx dx uv v dx dx
x 2 ln x
y 2 x 5 dx
3
2
3 x ln x
Area S 2 x 5 dx
1 3
By parts:
u ln x dv x 2
dx 3
du 1 x3
v
dx x 9
3
x3
3
3 x 1
Area S ln x
3
dx x 2 5 x 1 M1
9 1 1 9 x A1
3
x3 B1
3ln 3 ((9 15) (1 5))
27 1 M1
26 54
ln 33
27 27
28
ln 27 M1
27
a = 28, b = 27, c = 27 A1
56
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A level Paper 1
Question 15
Figure 5
4 sin 2 x
f(x) = , 0 x .
e ( 2) x 1
The curve has a maximum turning point at P and a minimum turning point at Q, as shown in
Figure 5.
(a) Show that the x-coordinates of point P and point Q are solutions of the equation tan 2x = 2.
(4)
2 ) x 1 2 ) x 1
e( 8 cos 2 x 4 sin 2 x 2e (
f ' ( x) 2 ) x 1 2 M1
(e ( ) A1
8 cos 2 x 4 2 sin 2 x
f ' ( x) 2 ) x 1
(e ( )
57
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A level Paper 1
(b) Using your answer to part (a), find the x-coordinate of the minimum turning point on the curve
with equation
(i) y f(2x),
(ii) y 3 – 2f(x).
(4)
58
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A level Paper 2
A level Pure 2
Question 1
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A level Paper 2
Question 2
Student A Student B
cos
Or student A makes the mistake tan
sin
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A level Paper 2
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A level Paper 2
Question 3
dy
Given y x(2x + 1)4, show that = (2x + 1)n (Ax + B), where n, A and B are constants to be
dx
found.
(4)
y x(2 x 1)4
Product rule:
d(uv) dv du
u v
dx dx dx
ux v (2 x 1)4
82 x 1
du dv
1
3
dx dx
M1
8 x2 x 1 2 x 1
dy 3 4
dx A1
2 x 1 (8 x (2 x 1))
dy 3
M1
dx
2 x 1 (10 x 1)
dy 3
A1
dx
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A level Paper 2
Question 4
Given
f(x) = ex, x ℝ,
g(x) = 3 ln x, x > 0, x ℝ,
gf ( x) 3ln e x M1
gf ( x) 3x A1
(b) Show that there is only one real value of x for which gf(x) = fg(x).
(3)
fg( x) e3ln x
3
fg(x) = e ln x
fg( x) x3
For gf ( x) fg( x) M1
3x x 3
x 3x 0
3
x( x 2 3) 0
x 0 or 3 M1
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Question 5
The mass, m grams, of a radioactive substance, t years after first being observed, is modelled by
the equation
m = 25e–0.05t.
(a) find the mass of the radioactive substance six months after it was first observed,
(2)
When t 0.5
m = 25e–0.05×0.5 M1
m = 25e–0.025
m = 24.4 g A1
dm
(b) show that = km, where k is a constant to be found.
dt
(2)
m = 25e–0.05t
dm M1
= – 0.05 × 25e–0.05t
dt
dm dm
= – 0.05m i.e. = km
dt dt
A1
Where k 0.05
64
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A level Paper 2
Question 6
For each statement below you must state if it is always true, sometimes true or never true, giving
a reason in each case. The first one has been done for you.
(i) When a real value of x is substituted into x2 – 6x 10, the result is positive.
(2)
x2 6 x 10 ( x 3)2 9 10
M1
x2 6 x 10 ( x 3)2 1
This has a minimum value of 1 for all real x A1
so is always positive.
b
(ii) If ax > b then x .
a
(2)
b M1
Only if a 0 otherwise if a 0, x A1
a
65
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A level Paper 2
(n 1)2 n2
n2 2n 1 n2 M1
2n 1
Since 2n is a multiple of 2 it must be even. A1
Therefore 2n + 1 must be odd.
66
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A level Paper 2
Question 7
1
(4 – x) = 2 – x kx2 + …
4
Binomial series
n(n 1) 2 n(n 1)...(n r 1) r
1 x n 1 nx x ... x ... (|x| < 1, n ℝ)
1 2 1 2 ... r
1
x 1
(4 x) 2 (4(1 )) 2
4
1
x 2
1
M1
(4 x) 2 1
2
4
1 1
1
1 x 2 2 x
2
x 2
2 1 2(1 ... M1
4 2 4 1 2 4
1
x 2 x x2
2 1 2 1 ... A1
4 8 128
1
x 2 x x2
2 1 2
4 4 64
1 A1
k
64
67
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
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A level Paper 2
A student attempts to substitute x 1 into both sides of this equation to find an approximate value
for 3 .
(b) State, giving a reason, if the expansion is valid for this value of x.
(1)
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A level Paper 2
Question 8
Figure 1
The point A lies on the y-axis and the points B and D lie on the x-axis as shown in Figure 1.
Given that the straight line through the points A and B has equation 5y + 2x = 10,
(a) show that the straight line through the points A and D has equation 2y − 5x = 4,
(4)
AB 5 y 2 x 10
5 y 10 2 x
2
y 2 x
5
2
The gradient of AB is or −0.4 B1
5
5
Therefore the gradient of AD is or 2.5
2
AB 5 y 2 x 10
When x 0, y 2 , when y 0, x 5
B1
Therefore A(0,2) and B(5,0)
Or y mx c
Using y y1 m( x x1 ) at point A
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A level Paper 2
5 5 M1
y 2 ( x 0) 2 0 c
2 2
5 c2
y2 x
2 5
y x2 A1
2 y 4 5x 2
2 y 5x 4 as required 2y = 5x + 4
2 y 5x 4 as required
AD 2 y 5x 4
4
When y 0, x
5
4
Therefore D , 0
5
Using ( x2 x1 )2 ( y2 y1 )2
AB (5 0)2 (0 2)2 M1
AB 29
2
4
AD 0 (2 0) 2
5
16
AD 4
25
116 116
AD
25 5
116 M1
Area = 29 11.6 (exact answer) A1
5
OR BD = 5 + 4/5 = 5.8, AO = 2 M1
1
Area ABD 5.8 2 5.8
2
Total rectangle =11.6 (exact answer) M1
A1
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A level Paper 2
Question 9
4
(3 x A) dx = 2A ,
2
1
1 3 x Adx 2 A
4 2
4
12
3 x A dx 2 A 2
1
4 M1
32 A1
2 x Ax 2 A
2
1
M1
(16 4 A) (2 A) 2 A2
2 A2 3 A 14 0 Or quadratic formula.
(2 A 7)( A 2) 0 M1
7 A1
The two roots are: A or −2
2
71
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A level Paper 2
Question 10
8 1
Given S = S6 , show that r , where k is an integer to be found.
7 k
(4)
Geometric Series
a(1 r n ) a
Sn S for r 1
1 r 1 r
a(1 r 6 )
S6
1 r
8
S S6
7
a 8 a(1 r 6 ) M1
1 r 7 1 r
7 8(1 r )
6 M1
1
r6
8
1
r2
2
1 M1
r A1
2
Therefore k = 2
72
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A level Paper 2
Question 11
Figure 2
Figure 2 shows a sketch of part of the graph y = f(x) where f(x) = 23 – x + 5, x 0.
73
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A level Paper 2
1
(b) Solve the equation f(x) x + 30.
2
(3)
1
2(3 – x) + 5 = x 30
2
1
11 2 x x 30
2
19 2.5x
x 7.6 Not in the range.
1
–2(3 – x) + 5 = x 30 M1
2
1
2x 1 x 30
2
1.5x 31 M1
2
x 20 only.
3 A1
Given that the equation f(x) = k, where k is a constant, has two distinct roots,
5 f ( x) 11
5 < k ≤ 11 A1
74
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A level Paper 2
Question 12
(a) Solve, for –180° x < 180°, the equation 3 sin2 x + sin x + 8 9 cos2 x, giving your answers
to 2 decimal places.
(6)
2 30 165.52
2 195.52
97.76
2 30 19.47 M1
2 10.53
5.26 Smallest. A1
75
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A level Paper 2
Question 13
(a) Express 10 cos – 3 sin in the form R cos ( + ), where R > 0 and 0 < < 90.
Give the exact value of R and give the value of , in degrees, to 2 decimal places.
(3)
R cos 10
R sin 3
Squaring and adding
R2 cos2 R2 sin 2 102 32 Using
R2 (cos2 sin 2 ) 109 cos2 x sin 2 x 1
R 109 B1
Dividing
3
tan M1
10
16.70 to 2 d.p. A1
Hence
10cos 3sin 109 cos( 16.70)
76
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
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A level Paper 2
Figure 3
The height above the ground, H metres, of a passenger on a Ferris wheel t minutes after the wheel
starts turning, is modelled by the equation H = a – 10 cos (80t)° + 3 sin (80t)°, where a is a constant.
Figure 3 shows the graph of H against t for two complete cycles of the wheel.
Given that the initial height of the passenger above the ground is 1 metre,
(b) (i) find a complete equation for the model.
Using (a)
H a 109 cos(80t 16.70)
When t = 0, H = 1
1 a 109 cos(16.70)
a 11
Therefore B1
H 11 109 cos(80t 16.70)
Or
H 11 10cos80t 3sin80t
(ii) Hence find the maximum height of the passenger above the ground.
(2)
77
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A level Paper 2
(c) Find the time taken, to the nearest second, for the passenger to reach the maximum height on
the second cycle.
(d) How would you adapt the equation of the model to reflect this increase in speed? (1)
78
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A level Paper 2
Question 14
A company decides to manufacture a soft drinks can with a capacity of 500 ml.
The company models the can in the shape of a right circular cylinder with radius r cm and height
h cm. In the model they assume that the can is made from a metal of negligible thickness.
1000
(a) Prove that the total surface area, S cm2, of the can is given by S = 2 r 2 + .
r
(3)
Volume
V r 2h r
500 r 2 h B1
Surface area h
S 2 r 2 rh
2
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A level Paper 2
(b) find the dimensions of a can that has minimum surface area.
(5)
S 2 r 2 1000r 1
dS
4r 1000r 2 M1
dr
A1
dS 1000
4r 2
dr r
dS
For minimum S, 0 , therefore
dr
1000
4 r 2 0
r
1000
r3 M1
4
10
r 3 or 4.30 A1
4
From (a)
500
h
r2
Therefore
500
h 2
or 8.60 A1
10
3
4
For minimum S, the can needs radius 4.30 cm and
height 8.60 cm.
80
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A level Paper 2
(c) With reference to the shape of the can, suggest a reason why the company may choose not to
manufacture a can with minimum surface area.
(1)
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A level Paper 2
Question 15
Figure 4
3
Figure 4 shows a sketch of the curve C with equation y = 5x 2 – 9x + 11, x 0.
The point P with coordinates (4, 15) lies on C. The line l is the tangent to C at the point P.
The region R, shown shaded in Figure 4, is bounded by the curve C, the line l and the y-axis.
3
y 5 x 9 x 11
2
Shaded area
4
(top curve) - (bottom curve)dx
0
4
32
5 x 9 x 11 6 x 9dx M1
0
4
32
5 x 15 x 20 dx
0
5 15
4 A1
2 x 2 x 2 20 x
2 0
= (64 – 120 + 80) – (0) M1
= 24 square units A1
Correct notation with good explanation. A1
83
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A level Paper 2
Question 16
1
(a) Express in partial fractions.
P(11 2 P)
(3)
84
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics (8MA0 & 9MAO)
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A level Paper 2
A population of meerkats is being studied. The population is modelled by the differential equation
dP 1
= P(11 – 2P), t 0, 0 < P < 5.5,
dt 22
where P, in thousands, is the population of meerkats and t is the time measured in years since the
study began.
Given that there were 1000 meerkats in the population when the study began,
(b) determine the time taken, in years, for this population of meerkats to double,
(6)
dP 1
= P(11 – 2P)
dt 22
Separating the variables
22
dP dt B1
P(11 2 P)
Using (a)
22 44
dt t
11P 11(11 2 P)
2 4
dt t M1
P (11 2 P)
A1
2ln P 2ln(11 2P) t c
When t = 0, P = 1
2ln1 2ln(11 2) 0 c M1
c 2ln 9
2ln P 2ln(11 2P) t 2ln 9
When P = 2
2ln 2 2ln(11 4) t 2ln 9
M1
2ln 2 2ln 7 t 2ln 9
A1
t 1.89 to 3 s.f.
85
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A level Paper 2
t t
9 P 2 Pe 11e
2 2
t t
P(9 2e ) 11e
2 2
t
11e 2
P t
(9 2e 2 ) M1
t
Divide numerator and denominator by e 2
11
P t
(9e 2 2)
A = 11, B = 2 and C = 9 A1
86
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