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Mathematics HSSC-I (Annual 2017)

Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Islamabad


Please visit www.mathcity.org for other related resources.

This document contains solutions of Mathematics HSSC-I (FSc Part 1) Supplementary 2016 conducted by
FBISE Islamabad. It also helps the teachers and students of other boards (BISE) to guess important
questions. It has been done to help the students and teachers at no cost. This work (pdf) is licensed
under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Section A (Marks 20)

Question 1: Circle the correct option. i.e. A, B, C, D, each part carries one mark.

1. Reference angle lies in quadrant:


(A) IV (B) I (C) II (D) III

2. The set 0, 1 is closed w.r.t:


(A) Division (B) Addition (C) Subtraction (D) Multiplication

3. −5 belong to the set of:
(A) Rational numbers (B) Real numbers (C) Complex numbers (D) Integers

4. The set of integers Z is group under


(A) Addition (B) Subtraction (C) Division (D) Multiplication

5. A declarative statement which may be true or false but not both is called:
(A) Tautology (B) Proposition (C) Deduction (D) Induction
" #
x 1
6. If A = and A is singular matrix then x =
1 1
(A) 3 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2

7. The product of all forth roots of unity is:


(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) −1

8. A fraction in which the degree of numerator is less than the degree of denominator is called:
(A) Algebraic relation (B) Improper fraction (C) Proper fraction (D) Equation

9. 13 + 23 + 33 + ... + n3 =
n2 (n + 1)2 n(n + 1)(2n + 1) n(n + 1) 3 n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 6 2 3
10. An infinite geometric series converges only if:
(A) r = −1 (B) r = 1 (C) |r| > 1 (D) |r| < 1
Mathematics HSSC-I: Annual 2017 Page 2

11. An event E is said to be sure if:


(A) P (E) = ∞ (B) P (E) = 0 (C) P (E) = 1 (D) P (E) = −1

12. Numbers of terms in the expansion of (a + b)n is:


(A) n2 + 1 (B) n + 1 (C) n − 1 (D) n

13. The sun of odd coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n is:


(A) 2n+1 (B) n2 (C) 2n (D) 2n−1

14. tan( − θ) =
2
(A) −cotθ (B) tanθ (C) −tanθ (D) cotθ

15. If cotθ < 0 and cosθ > 0, then the terminal arm of angle lies in the quadrant:
(A) IV (B) I (C) II (D) III

16. sin3α =
(A) 4sinα − 3sin3 α (B) 4cos3 α − 3cosα (C) 3cos3 α − 4cosα (D) 3sinα − 4sin3 α

17. The period of 3sin3x is:


π π 2π
(A) 6π (B) (C) (D)
3 2 3
18. The range of cotx is:
(A) R− (B) R (C) [−1, 1] (D) R+

19. The circle passes through the vertices of the triangle is called:
(A) Unit circle (B) Circum circle (C) In-circle (D) Escribed circle

20. The domain of principal cosine function is:


π π π 3π
(A) [− , ] (B) [0, ] (C) [0, π] (D) [0, ]
2 2 2 2

ANSWERS

1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C
12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A 16. D 17. D 18. B 19. B 20. B

Available at MathCity.org
Mathematics HSSC-I: Annual 2017
MathCity.org Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Islamabad
Merging man and maths
Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org

This document contains solutions of Mathematics HSSC-I (FSc Part 1) Annual 2017 conducted by FBISE Islamabad. It also helps
the teachers and students of other boards (BISE) to guess important questions. It has been done to help the students and
teachers at no cost. This work (pdf) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0
International License.

Section B (Marks 40)


Question 2: Attempt any TEN parts. All parts carry equal marks. (10 × 4 = 40)
3
 1 3 
(i) Specify by using De Moivre’s theorem  − + i  .
 2 2 
(ii) Give logical prove of the theorem ( A ∪ B )′ = A′ ∩ B′ .
−a 0 c
(iii) Without expansion verify that 0 a −b = 0 .
b −c 0
(iv) Find the value of a and b if −2 and 2 are the roots of the polynomial x 3 − 4 x 2 + ax + b.
x2 + 1
(v) Resolve into partial fraction 3 .
x +1
7 7
(vi) Insert four harmonic between and .
3 11
(vii) Find the values of n and r , when n −1Cr −1 : nCr : n +1Cr +1 = 3 : 6 :11
1.3.5... ( 2n − 1) n n
Show that the middle term of (1 + x )
2n
(viii) is 2 x .
n!
tan θ + sec θ − 1
(ix) Prove that = tan θ + sec θ .
tan θ − sec θ + 1
1
(x) Without using table or calculator prove that sin19 cos11 + sin 71 sin11 =
2
(xi) Find the period of cosine function.
(xii) The sides of the triangle are x 2 + x + 1, 2 x + 1 and x 2 − 1 . Prove that the greatest angle of
the triangle is 120 .
(xiii) Show that cos −1 ( − x ) = π − cos −1 ( x ) .
(xiv) Solve sin x + cos x = 0 .

Solutions
3 2
 1 3   1 3   1 3 
(i) − + i = − + i − + i
 2 2   2 2   2 2 
 1 2  3 2 
   1   3   1 3 
=  −  +  i  + 2  −   i   − + i
 2   2   2   2    2 2 
 
1 3 3  1 3   2 3  1 3 
= − − i   − + i  = − − i   − + i 
 4 4 2  2 2   4 2  2 2 

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2
 1 3  1 3   1  3 
2
1 3 2
= − − i   − + i  =  −  −  i  = − i
2 2 2 2  2   2  4 4
    
1 3 4
= + = =1
4 4 4

(ii) ( A ∪ B )′ = A′ ∩ B′
The corresponding formula of logic is
~ ( p ∨ q) = ~ p ∧ ~ q
We construct truth table of the two sides.
p q ~p ~q p ∨q ~ ( p ∨ q) ~ p∧ ~ q
T T F F T F F
T F F T T F F
F T T F T F F
F F T T F T T

The last two columns of the above table show that ~ ( p ∧ q ) = ~ p ∨ ~ q .


and hence ( A ∪ B)′ = A′ ∩ B′ .
−a 0 c
(iii) L.H.S = 0 a −b
b −c 0
Multiply c1 by c , c2 by b and c3 by a , we have
− ac 0 ac
1
L.H.S = 0 ab − ab
abc
bc −bc 0
0 0 ac
1
= 0 ab − ab by c1 + ( c2 + c3 )
abc
0 −bc 0
1
= ( 0) (Since all entries of c1 are zero)
abc
= R.H.S
(iv) Suppose f ( x) = x 3 − 4 x 2 + ax + b
By synthetic division, we have
−2 1 −4 a b
↓ −2 12 −2a − 24
2 1 −6 a + 12 b − 2a − 24
↓ 2 −8
1 −4 a+4
Since − 2 and 2 are the roots of f ( x ) then reminder is equal to zero, that is,
a+4=0  a = −4

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b − 2a − 24 = 0  b − 2 ( −4 ) − 24 = 0
 b + 8 − 24 = 0  b − 16 = 0  b = 16

x +1 x +1
2 2

= ∵ x + 1 = ( x + 1) ( x − x + 1)
3 2
(v)
x +1 ( x + 1) ( x − x + 1)
3 2

Now consider
x +1 Bx + C
2
A
= + ………….. (I)
( x + 1) ( x − x + 1) x +1 x − x +1
2 2

 x 2 + 1 = A ( x 2 − x + 1) + ( Bx + C )( x + 1)
 x 2 + 1 = A ( x 2 − x + 1) + ( Bx 2 + Bx + Cx + C )
 x 2 + 1 = ( A + B ) x 2 + ( B + C − A) x + ( A + C )
By comparing the coefficients of x 2 , x and x 0 , we get
A+ B =1 …… (1)
B + C − A = 0 …… (2)
A+C =1 …… (3)
From (3), we have
C = 1− A
Put the value of C in (2).
−2 A + B = −1 …… (4)
Subtract (4) from (1)
A+ B = 1
2
− 2 A + B = −1  A=
+ − + 3
3A = 2
Put the value of A in (1), we have
2 2 1
+ B =1   B=
B = 1−
3 3 3
Put the value of A in (3), we have
2 2 1
+ C = 1  C = 1−  C=
3 3 3
Put the values of A, B and C in (I), We have
x2 + 1
=
2
+
( x + 1) .
( x + 1) ( x − x + 1) 3 ( x + 1) 3 ( x 2 − x + 1)
2

7 7
(vi) Let H 1 , H 2 , H 3 , H 4 are four H.Ms between and .
3 11
7 7
Then , H1 , H 2 , H 3 , H 4 , are H.P.
3 11
3 1 1 1 1 11
So , , , , , are A.P.
7 H1 H 2 H 3 H 4 7
3 11
Here a1 = and a6 =
7 7

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11 3 11
 a1 + 5d =  + 5d =
7 7 7
11 3
 5d = −
7 7
1 3 8 15 + 8 23 35
Now = a2 = a1 + d = + = =  H1 =
H1 7 35 35 35 23
1 3 16 15 + 16 31 35
= a3 = a1 + 2 d = + = =  H2 =
H2 7 35 35 35 31
1 3 24 15 + 24 39 35
= a4 = a1 + 3d = + = =  H3 =
H3 7 35 35 35 39
1 3 32 15 + 32 47 35
= a5 = a1 + 4 d = + = =  H3 =
H4 7 35 35 35 47
35 35 35 35 7 7
Hence , , , are H.Ms between and .
23 31 39 47 3 11

n −1 n +1
Cr +1 = 3 : 6 :11
n
(vii) Cr −1 : Cr :
First consider
n −1
Cr −1 : Cr = 3 : 6
n

( n − 1)! n!
 : = 3:6
( n − 1 − r + 1)! (r − 1)! ( n − r )! r !
( n − 1)!
( n − 1)! n! ( n − r )! ( r − 1)! 3
 : = 3:6  =
( n − r )! ( r − 1)! ( n − r )! r ! n! 6
( n − r )! r !
( n − 1)! ( n − r )! r ! 1
 × =
( n − r )! ( r − 1)! n! 2
( n − 1)! r! 1
 × =  n = 2r ………. (i)
( r − 1)! n! 2
n +1
Cr +1 = 6 :11
n
Now consider Cr :
n! ( n + 1)!
 : = 6 :11
( n − r )! r ! ( n + 1 − r − 1)! (r + 1)!
n! ( n + 1)!
 : = 6 :11
( n − r )! r ! ( n − r )! (r + 1)!
n!
n! ( n + 1)! ( n − r )! r ! 6
 : = 6 :11  =
( n − r )! r ! ( n + 1 − r − 1)! (r + 1)! ( n + 1)! 11
( n − r )! ( r + 1)!

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n! ( n − r )! (r + 1)! 6

n! ( r + 1)! 6
 × = × =
( n − r )! r ! ( n + 1)! 11 r! ( n + 1)! 11
n! ( r + 1) r ! 6 ( r + 1) 6
 × =  =
r! ( n + 1) n ! 11 ( n + 1) 11
 11(r + 1) = 6(n + 1)
 11(r + 1) = 6(2r + 1) ∵ n = 2r
 11r + 11 = 12r + 6
 11r − 12r = 6 − 11  − r = −5  r =5
Putting value of r in equation (i)
n = 10
2n + 2
(viii) Since 2n is even so the middle term is = n + 1 and
2
a = 1 , x = x , n = 2n , r + 1 = n + 1  r = n

Tr +1 =   a x
n n−r r
Now
r
 2n 
 Tn +1 =   (1) 2 n − n x n
n
(2 n )! (2 n )!
 Tn +1 = (1) x =
n n n
x
(2 n − n )!⋅ n ! n !⋅ n !
2 n (2 n − 1) (2n − 2) (2 n − 3) (2 n − 4) ⋅ ... ⋅ 5 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1
=
n
x
n !⋅ n !

=
[ 2n (2n − 2) (2n − 4) ⋅ ...⋅ 4 ⋅ 2 ][ (2n − 1) (2n − 3) ⋅ ...⋅ 5 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 1] x n

n !⋅ n !
2 [ n ( n − 1) ( n − 2) ⋅ ... ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1][ (2n − 1) (2n − 3) ⋅ ...⋅ 5 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 1]
n

=
n
x
n !⋅ n !
2 n ! [ (2n − 1) (2n − 3) ⋅ ...⋅ 5 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 1]
n

=
n
x
n !⋅ n !
2 [1 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 5 ⋅ ... ⋅ (2n − 1) ]
n

=
n
x
n!
1 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 5 ⋅ ... ⋅ (2n − 1)
=
n n
2 x
n!

tan θ + sec θ − 1
(ix) L.H.S. =
tan θ − sec θ + 1
sin θ 1 sin θ + 1 − cos θ
+ −1
= cos θ cos θ = cos θ
sin θ 1 sin θ − 1 + cos θ
− +1
cos θ cos θ cos θ

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sin θ + 1 − cos θ sin θ + 1 − cos θ sin θ + 1 + cos θ


= = ×
sin θ − 1 + cos θ sin θ − 1 + cos θ sin θ + 1 + cos θ

=
sin θ + 2sin θ + 1 − 1 − sin θ
2
( 2
) = sin θ + 2sin θ + 1 − 1 + sin θ
2 2

sin θ + cos θ + 2sin θ cos θ − 1 1 + 2 sin θ cos θ − 1


2 2

2sin θ + 2sin θ 2sin θ ( sin θ + 1)


2

= =
2sin θ cos θ 2sin θ cos θ
( sin θ + 1)
= = tan θ + sec θ = R.H .S
cos θ

1
(x) sin19 cos11 + sin 71 sin11 =
2
L.H .S . = sin19 cos11 + sin 71 sin11
1
= =  2sin19 cos11 + 2sin 71 sin11 
2
=
1
2
{ ( ) ( )} { (
sin 19 + 11 + sin 19 − 11 − cos 71 + 11 − cos 71 − 11 
 ) ( )}
1
= sin 30 + sin 8 − cos 82 + cos 60 
2
1 1 1
=  + sin 8 − cos82 + 
2 2 2
1 1 1
(
=  + sin 8 − cos 90 − 8 + 
2 2 2
) (
∵ cos82 = cos 90 − 8 = sin 8 ( ) )
1 1 1
=  + sin 8 − sin 8 + 
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
= + = = R.H .S .
2  2 2  2

(xi) Suppose P is the period of cosine function, then


cos (θ + P ) = cos θ ∀θ ∈ ℝ …. (1)
Now put θ = 0, we have
cos ( 0 + P ) = cos 0  cos P = 1
 P = 0, ±π , ±2π ,...
(i) If P = π , then from (1)
cos (θ + π ) = cos θ (not true)
 π 
∵ cos (θ + π ) = cos  2 ⋅ + θ  = − cos θ
 2 
∴ π is not the period of cos θ
(ii) If P = 2π , then from (1)
cos (θ + 2π ) = cos θ (true)
∴ 2π is the period of cos θ

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(xii) Let a = x 2 + x + 1, b = 2 x + 1, c = x2 − 1
Since a = x 2 + x + 1 is greatest side. Therefore α is the greatest angle.
b2 + c 2 − a2
Now cos α =
2bc
( 2 x + 1) ( ) − ( x + x + 1)
2 2 2
+ x −1
2 2

=
2 ( 2 x + 1) ( x − 1)
2

=
(
4 x 2 + 4 x + 1 + x 4 − 2 x 2 + 1 − x 4 + x 2 + 1 + 2 x3 + 2 x + 2 x 2 )
(
2 2 x3 − 2 x + x 2 − 1 )
4 x 2 + 4 x + 1 + x 4 − 2 x 2 + 1 − x 4 − x 2 − 1 − 2 x3 − 2 x − 2 x 2
=
(
2 2 x3 − 2 x + x 2 − 1 )
=
−2 x 3 − x 2 + 2 x + 1
=
(
−1 2 x3 − 2 x + x 2 − 1 −1
=
)
(
2 2 x3 − 2 x + x2 − 1 )
2 2 x3 − 2 x + x 2 − 1( 2 )
1  1
 cos α = −  α = cos −1  −   α = 120
2  2

−1 −1
(xiii) cos ( − x ) = π − cos x
−1
Suppose y = π − cos x … (i)
−1
 π − y = cos x  cos(π − y ) = x
 cos π cos y + sin π sin y ) = x  (−1) cos y + (0)sin y ) = x
 − cos y + 0 = x  − cos y = x
−1
 cos y = − x  y = cos ( − x ) … (ii)
From (i) and (ii)
−1 −1
cos ( − x ) = π − cos x

(xiv) sin x + cos x = 0


sin x cos x
+ = 0 ( Dividing by cos x ≠ 0 )
cos x cos x
tan x + 1 = 0  tan x = − 1
π
∵ tan x is –ve in II and IV Quadrants with the reference angle x =
4
π 3π
∴ x =π − = , where x ∈ [ 0, π ]
4 4
As π is the period of tan x

∴ General value of x is + nπ , n ∈ ℤ
4
 3π 
Hence Solution set =  + nπ  , n ∈ ℤ.
 4 

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Section C (Marks 40)

Note: Attempt any five questions. All question carries equal marks.

Question 3 Use matrix to solve the following system


x+ y = 2
2x − z = 1
2 y − 3 z = −1
1 1 0 2
Solution A =  2 0 − 1 B =  1 
0 2 − 3   −1
A = a11 A11 + a12 A12 + a13 A13
= 1 ( 0 + 2 ) − 1 ( −6 − 0 ) + 0 = 2 + 6 = 8
 A11 A12 A13 
Cofactors of A =  A21 A22 A23 

 A31 A32 A33 
1+1 0 − 1 1+ 2 2 −1
A11 = ( −1) = ( −1) ( 0 + 2 ) = 2 , A12 = ( −1) = ( −1) ( −6 ) = 6
2 3

2 −3 0 −3
1+ 3 2 0 2 +1 1 0
A13 = ( −1) = ( −1) ( 4 ) = 4 , A21 = ( −1) = ( −1) ( −3) = 3
4 3

0 2 2 −3
2+ 2 1 0 2+3 1 1
A22 = ( −1) = ( −1) ( −3) = −3 , A23 = ( −1) = ( −1) ( 2 ) = −2
4 5

0 −3 0 2
3+1 1 0 3+ 2 1 0
A31 = ( −1) = ( −1) ( −1) = −1 , A32 = ( −1) = ( −1) ( −1) = 1
4 5

0 −1 2 −1
3+ 3 1 1
A33 = ( −1) = ( −1) ( −2 ) = −2
6

2 0
 2 6 4
Cofactors of A =  3 −3 − 2 

 −1 1 − 2 
2 3 − 1
Adj A = ( cofactor of A ) =  6 1
t
−3
 4 −2 − 2 

2 3 − 1
1
1
1
−1
A = Adj A =  6 −3
A 8
 4 − 2 − 2 
 x 2 3 − 1  2 
−1 
X = A B   y =  6 1
−3 1  1 
8
 z   4 − 2 − 2  −1

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 4 + 3 +1  8 1
1  1  8 
= 12 − 3 − 1 = 8 = 1
8 8 8
 8 − 2 + 2  8 1
 x  1
  y  = 1  x = 1, y = 1, z = 1
 z  1

Question 4 Show that the roots of the equation ( x − a )( x − b ) + ( x − b )( x − c ) + ( x − c )( x − a ) = 0


are real. Also show that the roots will be equal only if a = b = c .

Solution

When a = b = c then

3a ± 3a 2 − 3a 2 3a ± 0
x=  x= x=a
3 3

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Question 5 Show that the sum of n A.Ms between a and b is equal to n times their A.M.
Solution

Question 6 Expand
( 4 + 2 x ) 2 up to 4 terms.
2− x
Solution.
1 1 −1
(4 + 2 x) 2 1 1  2x  2  x
= (4 + 2 x) 2 (2 − x) −1 = (4) 2 1 +  (2) −1 1 − 
2− x  4   2
1 1
−1 −1

1 x −1 
2
x
 x 1 x
= (4)  1 +  (2)  1 −  = 2  1 +   1 − 
2
2

 2  2  2 2 2 

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1 1
−1 −1
 x  x 2
 x  x
= 1 +  1 −  = 1 +  1 − 
2

 2  2  2  2
 11 
− 1
11  1 
− 1  − 2 

 
 1  x  2  2   x  2  2  2   x 3
2

= 1 +   +   +   + …
 2 2 2! 2 3! 2 
 
  x  ( −1) ( −1 − 1)  x 
2
( −1) ( −1 − 1) ( −1 − 2)  x 
3

×  1 + ( −1)  −  + −  +  −  + …
  2 2!  2 3!  2 
 1 1
−  2
1  1  3 
−  −  3

 
 x 2  2   x  2  2  2   x  
= 1 + +   +   + …
 4 2 4 3⋅2 8 
 
 x (−1) (−2)  x 2  (−1) (−2) (−3)  x3  
×1 + + 4 + −
 8 + … 
 2 2   3⋅ 2   
 x x2 x3   x x 2 x3 
= 1 + − + + …  ×1 + + + + …
 4 32 128   2 4 8 
 x x  x x   x x 
2 2 2 3 3 3 3
x x x
=1+  +  + − + + + − + +  +…
 4 2   32 8 4   128 64 16 8 
2 3
3x 11x 23 x
=1+ + + +…
4 32 128

2π π π 4π 3
Question 7 Prove that sin sin sin sin =
9 9 3 9 16
π 2π π 4π
Solution L.H.S = sin sin sin sin
9 9 3 9
180 2(180 ) (180 ) 4(180 )
= sin sin sin sin ∵ π = 180
9 9 3 9
3
= sin 20 sin 40 sin 60 sin 80 = sin 20 sin 40 sin 80
2
3 3
=
2
sin 80 sin 40 sin 20 = −
4
( −2sin 80 sin 40 ) sin 20
3
=−
4
( cos(80 + 40 ) − cos(80 − 40 ) ) sin 20
3 3 1 
=−
4
( cos120 − cos 40 ) sin 20 =−  − − cos 40
4  2
 sin 20

3 3 3 3
=
8
sin 20 +
4
cos 40 sin 20 =
8
sin 20 +
8
( 2 cos 40 sin 20 )
3 3
= sin 20 + ( sin(40 + 20) − sin(40 − 20) )
8 8

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Mathematics: HSSC-I (FSc-I) Annual 2017: FBISE

3 3 3 3 3 
=
8
sin 20 +
8
( sin 60 − sin 20 ) =
8
sin 20 + 
8  2
− sin 20 

3 3 3 3
= sin 20 + − sin 20 = = R.H.S
8 16 8 16

Question 8 Prove that in an equilateral triangle r : R : r1 =1: 2 : 3


Solution In equilateral triangle all the sides are equal so a = b = c
a+b+c a+a+a 3a
s = = =
2 2 2

s−a=
3a 3 
− a =  − 1 a = a
1
2 2  2
Now ∆ = s ( s − a ) ( s − b) ( s − c ) = s ( s − a) ( s − a) ( s − a) =
3
s ( s − a)

3a  a 
3
3a  1 
3 4 2
3a 3a
=  a =   = =
2 2  2  8  16 4
2
3a
∆ 4 3a
2
2 3a
Now r= = = ⋅ =
s 3a 4 3a 6
2
abc a⋅ a ⋅a a a 3 3a
R= = = = ⋅ =
4∆ 4 3a
2
3 3 3 3
4
2
3a
∆ 4 3a
2
2 3a
r1 = = = ⋅ =
s−a 1a 4 a 2
2
3a 3a 3a 1 1 1
r : R : r1 = : : = : : ÷ ing by 3a
6 3 2 6 3 2
= 1 : 2 : 3 × ing by 6

Question 9 Solve the equation cos ec x = 3 + cot x


Solution cos ec x = 3 + cot x
1 cos x
 = 3+  1 = 3 sin x + cos x
sin x sin x
 1 = 3 sin x + cos x  1 − cos x = 3 sin x
Square on both sides, we have
( )
2
 (1 − cos x ) =
2
3 sin x  cos 2 x + 1 − 2 cos x = 3sin 2 x
 cos 2 x + 1 − 2 cos x = 3 (1 − cos 2 x )  cos 2 x + 1 − 2 cos x = 3 − 3cos 2 x
 cos 2 x + 1 − 2 cos x − 3 + 3cos 2 x = 0  4 cos 2 x − 2 cos x − 2 = 0
 2 cos 2 x − cos x − 1 = 0  ( 2 cos x + 1)( cos x − 1) = 0
 2 cos x + 1 = 0 or cos x − 1 = 0

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Mathematics: HSSC-I (FSc-I) Annual 2017: FBISE

1
 cos x = − or cos x = 1
2
1
(i) If cos x = −
2
π
Since cos x is –ve in II and III Quadrants with the reference angle x = ,
3
π 2π π 4π
x =π − = and x = π + = where x ∈ [ 0, 2π ]
3 3 3 3

Now x = does not satisfy the given equation (i).
3

∴ x= is the only solution.
3

Since 2π is the period of cos x , therefore x = + 2nπ , n ∈ ℤ.
3
(ii) If cos x = 1 , then
x = 0 and x = 2π where x ∈ [ 0, 2π ]
Now both csc x and cot x are not defined for x = 0 and x = 2π
∴ x = 0 and x = 2π are not admissible.
 2π 
Hence solution set =  + 2nπ  , n ∈ ℤ.
 3 

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NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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