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Read the text and answer the questions:

SAD
When winter arrives, some people get sad, even suicidal.
Doctors have recently started to study the causes of a medical disorder which they have appropriately
named SAD, or seasonal affective disorder. People who suffer from SAD become very depressed during the
winter months. Their depression appears to be the result of a decrease in the amount of sunlight they are
exposed to. Doctors theorize that decreased sunlight affects the production of melatonin, a hormone
manufactured in the brain, and serotonin, a chemical that helps transmit nerve impulses. Depression may result
from the ensuing imbalance of these two substances in the body. Also, doctors believe that a decrease in the
amount of sunlight the body receives may cause a disturbance in the body’s natural clock, which could, in
turn, result in symptoms such as listlessness, oversleeping, weight gain, anxiety and irritability – all symptoms
of depression.
Since absence of light seems to be the cause of this disorder, a daily dose of light appears to be the
cure. Doctors advise patients to sit in front of a special light box which simulates natural light for a few hours
every day.
In conclusion, this revelation may help explain the high suicide rate of the Scandinavian countries, and
more importantly, it may suggest a remedy: when the days grow short, turn on the lights.
I – Questions:
1. What causes the days to grow shorter? (1 pt)
2. What is the effect of shorter days? (1 pt)
3. What does this cause? (1 pt)
4. What other change results from a decrease in the amount of light? (1 pt)
5. What is the final result? (1 pt)
6. Give the English meaning of the following: (2 pts)
disorder – depressed – theorize – transmit.
II- A. Pick out the following from the text:
- Two relative pronouns. (1 pt)
- Two infinitives. (1 pt)
- Two adjectives and write what they modify. (1 pt)
- Two words having prefixes and write their meanings. (1 pt)
- Two words having suffixes and write their parts of speech. (1 pt)
- Two modal verbs and write what they mean. (1 pt)
B. Match the parts of sentences to complete the definitions: (2 pts)
1) A doctor is someone who has a health problem.
2) A hospital is a place where tries to make sick people better.
3) A patient is someone who doctors and nurses work.
4) A dentist is someone that you visit if you have a problem with your teeth.
III- Writing: (5 pts)
Write a paragraph about the relationship between seasons, weather and certain health problems.