Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION
M.Phil – Education
Prepared
By
SOHAIL AHMED
Course In charge
DR.M.FAKHRUL HODA SIDDIQI
HAMDARD UUIVERSITY
Hamdarad Institute of Education and Social Sciences
Madinat al-Hikmat, Shahrah-e-Madinat al- Hikmat
Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi-74600
Contents
1. Introduction 1
2. Definition of Socialization 2
3. Elements of Socialization 3
5. Definition of Education 5
9. Summary 8
10. Bibliography 10
INTRODUCTION
H
uman Society is not an external
phenomenon, but exist solely in the
minds of its members. The human infant
comes into the world as biological organism with animal
needs. He is gradually moulded into social being. He learns
social ways of action and felling. Without this process of
moulding, the society could not continue to exist it self nor
could culture exist, nor could the individual become a person.
This process of moulding is called socialization. Family,
Educational Institutions, peer group and mass media are the
main agent of socialization. Present modern and complex
society the role of Educational Institutions is very pivotal in
the process of socialization. There are two kinds of activities
curricular and co curricular take place in educational
institutions, no doubt both are helping the individual in
socialization but the co-curricular activities has significant
social appeal in his nature. And this assignment strictly
concern with this activity
Socialization is a process whereby a man is transformed from
a biological being into a social being. It has been defined variously.
All that the individual must learn, he learns from other members of the
society, consciously, from being told what to do by his parents, brothers and
sisters or friends or from a teacher-pupil relationship in social or un-
consciously by picking up incidental information on what responses are
excepted in certain situations while observing other people, reading books,
watching television programmes, or hearing pupil discuss the behaviour of
others.
In all these situations the learning is social. The whole process of
socialization falls within the scope of interaction.
There are three elements which play their part in socialization process of
the individual. They are;
A child is born with some inborn physical and mental capacities in the
environment of his family. According to his capacities he imbibes the culture
of the family. If his mental and physical capacities are not good, he may not be
able to make proper use of his environment. Conversely, if the environment is
not proper, he with even the best mental and physical equipment may not be
able to be at his best. Environment stimuli often determine the growth of
human personality. A good school, social equality, political freedom, in short,
a proper environment may greatly determine whether the social or the self-
centred forces will become supreme. Just as a flower fails to show its
sweetness in a desert, and is born to blush unseen, similarly, many a man falls
to display his genius because there is no proper environment for it. But proper
environment alone will not develop personality unless the man is possessed
with proper mental and physical capacities.
It may also be emphasized that the family plays perhaps the most important
part in the process of socialization. Throughout life individual remains under
direct and indirect influence of family. It is family which controls and directs
him. First lesson of his life, he gets in his family. The child learns much from
the behaviour of his family members. Family decides his status and gives him
norms of social life. After family his playmates and school wield influence on
his socialization. In the school he is influenced by the personality of his
teacher and friends. After his education is over, he gets married and enters into
a profession. Marriage initiates a person into social responsibility, which is one
of the aims of socialization. No doubt, in resent complex society in the process
of socialization role of family is still greatest (2). After family school is
another important agency of socialization. In the school child gets his
education which mould his ideas and attitudes. Through curricular and co
curricular activities an individual learn several social lesson. A good education
can make the child a good citizen. In this global world the Mass media is also
a very powerful agent of socialization. Both Print & Electronic media
influence the child personality. An individual learn several valuable social
lesson and get social awareness through this medium.
Co Curricular Activities
The term Co-curricular activities is define as, “Activities sponsored or
recognized by a school or college which are not part of the academic
curriculum but are acknowledge to be an essential part of the life of an
educational institution.” (International Dictionary of Education)
Most of the activities are social in nature and have social implication. These
activities are useful to promoting school-community relations and in the
process of socialization. S.Mohi-ud-din states that these activities have a social
appeal, “By the reason of the social appeal of extra-curricular activities, their
intrinsic interest, they are a significant social medium for the civic training of
the young.”
Thus co curricular activities are very useful in giving training in the art
of living. As we see, many of them are social in nature. By participation in co-
curricular activities pupils learn valuable lesson in practical co-operation and
the habits of team work; they realize the relation of the society to individual
and of the individual to the society. These understanding help the student in
social adjustment and practical life.
The role of Co-curricular activities in the process of Socialization
Summary: (Points at a glance)
Socialization is a process whereby a man is transformed from a biological being into a
social being.
“Socialization is the process of bringing the individual, particularly the child, to
understand and accept the customs, standards, traditions, and culture of the group of which
he is a member and to cooperate actively with that group.” ( C.V. Good Dictionary
of Education)
There are three elements which play their part in socialization process of the
individual. They are; the physical and psychological heritage of the individual, the
environment in which he lives, and the culture of his group.Some sociologist has include
the experience of individual as an element.
Family, Peer groups & Playmates, Neighbors, Religious Inst (Mosque /Church),
Edu. Inst., classmate, teacher, Mass media and Colligues are the agencies of socialization.
In the past and still in most simple society, the family is the main agent of socialization. In
present complex society school along family play a pivotal role in this regard.
The process of socialization in Formal Institutions of Education (school, college,
university) carried out through curricular & co-curricular activities. Due to practical nature
co-curricular activities has significant social appeal.
Types of Co curricular active
• Physical (sports, play ground activity)
• Literary (discussion, debate, quiz, poetry, magazine)
• Social (school assembly, Religious or national festival, scouting, girl guide)
• Recreational ( Picnic, All Pakistan Tour, music concert)
Most of the activities are social in nature and have social implication.
Thus co curricular activities are very useful in giving training in the art of living. As
we see, many of them are social in nature. By participation in co-curricular activities pupils
learn valuable lesson in practical co-operation and the habits of team work; they realize the
relation of the society to individual and of the individual to the society. These understanding
help the student in social adjustment and practical life.
( Sohail Ahmed –M.Phil .Edu )
BIBLOGRAPHY
P.W. Musgrave
The Sociology of Education- Butler & Tanner ltd., London.
Arshad Rizvi
Sociology- Kifaiat Academy, Karachi
Dr.G.Das
Principles of Sociology,Manu Publications
J.C. Aggarwal
School Organization Administration & Management – Doaba
House,Delhi
S.M Shahid
Educational Administration – Majeed Book Depot, Lahore
S.K Kochhar
Secondary School Administration-Sterling Publisher,Delhi
Dr.M. Rasheed
School Organization & Management-AIOU,Islamabad
&
“International Dictionary of Education
BIBLOGRAPHY
P.W. Musgrave
The Sociology of Education- Butler & Tanner ltd., London.
Arshad Rizvi
Sociology- Kifaiat Academy, Karachi
Dr.G.Das
Principles of Sociology-Manu Publications,
J.C. Aggarwal
School Organization Administration & Management – Doaba
House,Delhi
S.M Shahid
Educational Administration – Majeed Book Depot, Lahore
S.K Kochhar
Secondary School Administration-Sterling Publisher,Delhi
Dr.M. Rasheed
School Organization & Management-AIOU,Islamabad
&
“Dictionary of Education- C. V Good
International Dictionary of Education-Tery Page.