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Gupta, PE
Alfred Benesch & Co.
205 N Michigan Ave., Suite 2400
Chicago, IL 60601
312-565-0450
rgupta@benesch.com
www.benesch.com
•Quantified in candela/meter2
• Surface dependant
• Direction dependant
• Is what you see
Is a metric:
Influenced by
contrast,general
adaptation level,glare,
transient adaptation,
size,shape and color of
the object,background
complexity and
motion,and last but not
least, the visual capability
of the road user.
American National
Standard Practice
For
Roadway Lighting
Glare is from the fixed roadway lighting system benesch – Ramesh C. Gupta
Chicago, IL
Visibility Model Sensitivity Analysis
Doubling the Light level does not double the visibility benesch – Ramesh C. Gupta
Chicago, IL
Roadway Lighting Standard Practice
ANSI/IESNA RP-8-00
• Practice allows for the following design
techniques:
– Illuminance (LUX/ FC)
– Luminance ( no change from ‘83 Practice )
– STV ( Small Target Visibility)
• Glare Consideration in All Methods
• These design techniques apply to all new
roadways and are based on the RP-8 -1983 and
RP-8 -1990.
STV
ROAD AND AREA CLASSIFICATION STV LUMINANCE CRITERIA
CRITERIA
ROAD PEDESTRIAN Wtg. Avg. L avg 2 Lavg *2 Max.
AREA VL Cd/m Cd/m Uniformity
CLASSIFICATIO Median Median Ratio
Illuminance
N <7.3 >7.3 m. L m a x/L min
m.
Luminance Expressway
Major
High
Medium
3.8
4.9
4.0
0.5
1.0
0.8
0.4
0.8
0.7
6.0
6.0
6.0
STV Collector
Low
High
3.2
3.8
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
6.0
6.0
Medium 3.2 0.5 0.4 6.0
Low 2.7 0.4 0.4 6.0
High 2.7 0.5 0.4 10.0
Local
Medium 2.2 0.4 0.3 10.0
Medium - Areas where lessor numbers of pedestrians utilize the streets at night.
Typical are downtown office areas, blocks with libraries, movie
theaters, apartments, neighborhood shopping, industrial, older city
areas, and streets with transit lines.
Low - Areas with very low volumes of night pedestrian usage. This can
occur in any of the cited roadway classifications but may be typified
on suburban single family streets, very low density residential
developments, and rural or semi-rural areas.
• Facial Recognition
http://earthobservatory.nasa.govbenesch
/study/lights/
– Ramesh C. Gupta
Chicago, IL
Sky Glow
Fig-1
The intersection illumination is equal to the sum of the values used for each separate street
Reprinted from RP -8- 00 benesch – Ramesh C. Gupta
Chicago, IL
Railroad Grade Crossings
Fig D-4
Min of 10 lux vertical illumination on railroad cars
“Seven Years into Illumination at Railroad Highway Crossings” by Dick Mather; Signal Crossing Specialist
with the Oregon Public Utility Commission
benesch – Ramesh C. Gupta
Reprinted from RP -8- 00 Chicago, IL
Illuminance or Luminance Method
Non-Uniform
Lighting
• DOT’s 30%
• Municipalities 15%
• Utilities 55%
• Consultants
• Citizens
• Public Official
American National
Standard Practice
For
Roadway Lighting