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CEW 441 FLUID MECHANICS
CHAPTER 3
BUOYANCY & STABILITY
Be able to define, state and apply basic 3.1
knowledge of upthrust (buoyant force) UPTHRUST (BUOYANT FORCE)
by a fluid on a body (submerged or BY A FLUID ON A BODY
floating). (SUBMERGED OR FLOATING)
3.2
Be able to define metacentre and
METACENTRE & METACENTRIC
metacentric height.
HEIGHT
Be able to determine the stability of 3.3
floating bodies STABILITY OF FLOATING BODY
ARCHIMEDES
PRINCIPLE
When an object is completely or partially immersed in a fluid,
the fluid exerts an upward force on the object = to the weight
of the fluid displaced by the object
The immersed object will be “lighter” i.e. It will be buoyed up
by an amount equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces.
Upthrust = Weight
FB = W
w gVd = objgVobj
OR
wVd = objVobj
FB = W + FE
w gVd = objgVobj + FE
FB + FE = W
w gVd + FE = objgVobj
where Vd = Vobj
STEP 1
STEP 2
Draw a free body diagram
Write the equilibrium
equation in the
Show all force acting on the vertical direction
free body in vertical direction Fv = 0
• the weight of the body
• buoyant
•external forces
BUOYANCY WEIGHT OF
FORCE OBJECT
CALCULATED CALCULATED
Fb Vd W V
WHEN W < Fb – OBJECT FLOATS ON THE DEPTH OF
SURFACE OF THE FLUID IMMERSION
(DRAFT)
WHEN W = Fb OBJECT FLOATS WITH
CONSTANT DEPTH OF IMMERSION IN THE CALCULATED
FLUID
V
WHEN W > Fb OBJECT SINKS IN THE FLUID x
A
METACENTRE, M M
in fluid mechanics, the
theoretical point, at which an G
imaginary vertical line passing
B
through the centre of gravity
and centre of buoyancy when
in its equilibrium position.
METACENTRIC HEIGHT, GM is the
distance from metacentre, M to
the centre of gravity
Prepared by CPD CEW 441 FLUID MECHANICS
M
GM – distance from CG to M
G
BG – distance from CB to CG
B
BG = OG - OB
O