CE 208 Water & Wastewater Engineering Assignment 5 Sol.

Spring 2017

Q1.
1 𝑉𝑠2 − 𝑉𝑐2
HL = ( )
𝐶 2𝑔

Vc= 1m/s (Channel Velocity)

C = 0.7
Bw = 20mm (Bar Width)
Cs = 25mm (Clear Spacing)
𝜃 =60° (Screen angle)
D = Water Depth
L = Length of bar
Vs = ? (Velocity through screen)
Continuity equation in channel and at bar screen
Qc=Qs
Vc(Bw+Cs)D=VsCsLsin(60) (Assuming channel flow in width equal to clear spacing and bar
width is routed through clear spacing between bars)
Noting that L = D/sin(60), and knowing that Vc = 1m/s, we’ll have two equations and unknowns.
Vs = Vc(Bw+Cs)/Cs
Solving the equation gives, Vs = 1.8m/s
HL = 0.16𝑚
CE 208 Water & Wastewater Engineering Assignment 5 Sol. Spring 2017

Q2.

Assume laminar flow Cd = 24/Nr, where Nr = Reynolds’ Number

So we have Stokes equation:
𝑔𝑑𝑝2 (𝑆𝐺𝑝 − 1)
𝑣𝑝 =
18𝜗
Vp = particle settling velocity
𝜗=kinematic Viscosity = μ/ρ
μ = dynamic Viscosity
ρ = density
SGp = Specific Gravity of the particle
g = acceleration due to gravity
dp = diameter of the particle
9.81 × (. 5 × 10−1 )2 (2.65 − 1)
𝑣𝑝 =
18 × 1.003 × 10−6
Vp = 0.224m/s
Now, check whether Stokes Law is valid, i.e., Reynolds’ number <1
∅𝑣𝑝 𝑑𝑝
𝑁𝑟 =
𝜗
For sphere ∅ = 1
. 224 × 0.5 × 10−3
𝑁𝑟 =
1.003 × 10−6
𝑁𝑟 = 111.67
Since, Nr >1, flow is not laminar
We have use Newton’s equation

4𝑔(𝑆𝐺𝑝 − 1)𝑑𝑝
𝑣𝑝 = √
3𝐶𝑑

We need to calculate Cd, which depends on Nr, which, in turn, depends on velocity.
Let’s assume a velocity; earlier calculated velocity (0.224m/s) may be an okay guess.
CE 208 Water & Wastewater Engineering Assignment 5 Sol. Spring 2017

24 3
C𝑑 = + + 0.34
Nr √Nr

Nr = 111.665 (for v = 0.224m/s)

C𝑑 = 0.84
New Vp

4 × 9.81(2.65 − 1)0.5 × 10−3

𝑣𝑝 = √
3 × 0.84

𝑣𝑝 = 0.113𝑚/𝑠

SpreadSheet

Dp 0.0005 nu 1.003E-06
Initial Vp Nr (Dpvp/nu) 24/Nr 3/Sqrt(Nr) 0.34 Cd Updated Vp
0.113 56.331 0.426 0.400 0.340 1.166 0.096
0.096 47.962 0.500 0.433 0.340 1.274 0.092
0.092 45.887 0.523 0.443 0.340 1.306 0.091
0.091 45.315 0.530 0.446 0.340 1.315 0.091
0.091 45.153 0.532 0.446 0.340 1.318 0.090
0.090 45.107 0.532 0.447 0.340 1.319 0.090
CE 208 Water & Wastewater Engineering Assignment 5 Sol. Spring 2017

Q3.

Vc, m/h 2
No. of Particle Average Fraction of
Particles Velocity range Velocity, Particles
(C1) (m/h) (C2) Vp_average (C3) vp_average/Vc (C4) removed (C5)
20 0.0 to 0.5 0.25 0.125 2.5
40 0.5 to 1.0 0.75 0.375 15
80 1.0 to 1.5 1.25 0.625 50
120 1.5 to 2.0 1.75 0.875 105
100 2.0 to 2.5 2.25 >1 100
70 2.5 to 3.0 2.75 >1 70
20 3.0 to 3.5 3.25 >1 20
10 3.5 to 4 3.75 1.875 10
Total Total Particles removed 372.5
Percent Particles removed (Sum
Column C5×100/ Sum Column
460 C1) 81.98

Influent and Effluent histograms

140
120
No. of Particles

100
80
60
40
20
0
0.0 to 0.5 0.5 to 1.0 1.0 to 1.5 1.5 to 2.0 2.0 to 2.5 2.5 to 3.0 3.0 to 3.5 3.5 to 4
Velocity range, m/h

Influent Effluent
CE 208 Water & Wastewater Engineering Assignment 5 Sol. Spring 2017

Q4.
Overflow rate at average flowrate = OR = 40m3/m2-d
Design flowrate = Q = 400*45000 = 18000m3/d
Surface Area required As = Q/OR = 18000/40 = 450m2
Detention time = 2h
Design flowrate (hourly) = 18000m3/d = 750m3/h
Required Volume of tank = 750*2 = 1500m3
Daimter of tank D = (As*4/π)1/2=23.94m
Take diameter as 24m
Volume of tank = 1500m3 = (π/4)*D2*L
Where L = depth of the tank
 L = 1500/( π/4)*D2)
 L = 3.32m
Take the depth as 3.5m

The depth and diameter of the designed tank are within their ranges provided in Table 5-21, i.e.,
depth range [3m to 4.9m], and dimeter range [ 3m to 60m]
CE 208 Water & Wastewater Engineering Assignment 5 Sol. Spring 2017

Q5.
Overflow rate = 30m3/m2-d
Depth D = 2.75m
Width W = 6m
Length L = 15m
dp = 0.1 ×10-3m
SGp = 2.5
f = 0.03
k = 0.04
Horizontal flow velocity Vh = Q/Ah
Where, Ah horizontal area
Ah = 6*2.75 = 16.5m2
Q=?
Overflow rate = Q/As= 30
As = Surface area = 6*15 = 90m2
 Q/90 = 30
 Q = 90*30
 Q = 2700m3/d
Now, Vh = 2700/16.5 = 163.64m/d = .0019 m/s

Now, let’s calculate the critical scour velocity

1/2
8𝑘(𝑆𝐺𝑝 − 1)𝑔𝑑𝑝
𝑉hc = [ ]
𝑓
Vhc = 0.125m/s

Because the horizontal velocity in the tank Vh is less than the critical scour velocity Vhc, the
particles will not be scoured.