Lesson Plan

Lesson: Gas Calculations

Aim: To investigate the molar and reacting volumes of gases.

Learning Outcomes :

At the end of the lesson, students will be able to :

1. state the molar volumes of gases at r.t.p and s.t.p.
2. state Avogadro’s Law.
3. calculate the molar mass given the volume and mass of a substance.
4. work out the volume of a gas produced in a chemical reaction from a given amount
of reactant.
5. work out the volumes of gases involved in a chemical reaction from the balanced
equation for the reaction.

Assumed prior knowledge :

Students should already :

1. be familiar with the mole concept and the Avogadro constant.
2. be able to find mole ratios and reacting masses from balanced chemical equations.
3. be able to calculate the number of particles in a given amount (mass or moles)of a
substance, using the Avogadro constant.

Underlying Principles

1. Making the invisible, visible.

2. Enabling the students to witness experiments that they cannot conduct themselves.

Time taken to complete the activities : 80 minutes

Differentiation
Questions in the student notes are designed to enable all students to complete the activity. The pop-up
answers are provided for the students to view when they have considered their responses. Worksheet
questions include questions that require recall, understanding and application of the new concepts learned.

© 2003 Ministry Of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. 1

 Development of Lesson :

No. Steps Strategy Resources

1 Set Induction. x Teacher to ask students to predict what
(Ascertaining prior will happen to a balloon of air which is
knowledge and in a container of warm water. Teacher
introducing lesson to help students figure out concept that
topic for the day). measurement of volume of a fixed
amount of gas depends on the
temperature.

x Teacher to introduce lesson objectives.

2 Student Activity x Teacher to go through Activities 1 - 5 with x Courseware

the students.

x Activity 1 : How much hydrogen?

Students get to investigate the
relationship between the volume of a gas
and its temperature and pressure and
learn about the two sets of conditions;
stp and rtp, for measuring gas
volumes.

x Activity 2 : Avogadro’s Law

Get students to use the pop-up Mol-o-
Meter to calculate the number of moles
in samples of solids, liquids and gases,
given their masses. Students to use the
experimental results from the production
of carbon dioxide and hydrogen to
deduce that equal volumes of gases
contain the same number of molecules.

x Activity 3 : Molecular mass from molar

volume.
Get students to find the volume of a
vapour produced by evaporation of
a known mass of an unknown
volatile liquid. Students are to use
this volume to calculate the mass of
one mole of the gas and then
calculate the molecular formula of the
gas, given its empirical formula.

© 2003 Ministry Of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. 2

 x Activity 4 : How much gas?
Students to use the step-by-step method
shown to calculate the volume of
hydrogen produced from a given mass of
a metal by reaction with an acid.

x Activity 5 : Reacting Volumes of

Gases.
Students to find the volume ratio in which
two gases react from the balanced
chemical equation and then use this ratio
to find the volumes of the other gases
involved in the reaction.

3 Evaluation x Students to answer questions in the x Worksheet

student worksheet on their own.

4 Extension activity x Students to go through the extension x Reference

activities on their own. books

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 Worksheet Answers

1 How much hydrogen?

1.1 a. 3.40/17 = 0.200 mol

b. 3 x 0.200 = 0.600 mol
c. 0.200 x 24 000 = 4800 cm3 = 4.80 x 103 cm3

1.2 a. 1/18 = 0.0560 mol

b. 0.0556 x 24 000 = 1344 cm3 = 1.34 x 103 cm3
c. 1.34 x 103 times
d. 1/(1.34 x 103) x 100 = 0.0746 %

1.3 a. 2.50 x 3.00 x 5.00 = 37.5 m3 = 3.75 x 104 dm3

b. 3.75 x 104 / 24 = 1.56 x 103 mol
c. 1.56 x 103 x 28 = 4.37 x 104 g = 43.7 kg

1.4 a. C4H10
b. H2
c. H2. Rocket fuel is stored as a liquid and hydrogen gives the most energy per gram of the liquid fuel.

1.5 a. Increases.
b. Decreases.
c. Increases.
d. Remains the same.

2. Avogadro’s Law.

2.1 a. Ethane : 1/30 = 0.033 mol

Fluorine : 2/38 = 0.053 mol
Sulphur dioxide : 3/64.1 = 0.046 mol

Fluorine. One mole of any gas occupies the same volume at the same temperature and
pressure. The more moles of the gas, the greater the volume it occupies.

3. Molecular mass from molar volume.

3.1 a. Mass of molar volume of gas = 0.150 x 24 000/140 = 25.7 g. Therefore Mr = 26 and hence
formula is C2H2.
b. Mass of molar volume of gas = 0.300 x 24 000/92 = 78.3 g. Therefore Mr = 78 and hence
formula is C6H6.

© 2003 Ministry Of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. 4

 3.2 Mass of compound = 0.700 x 0.78 g = 0.546 g.
Mass of molar volume of gas = 0.546 x 24 000/298 = 44. Therefore Mr = 44.0
If the molecule contains one O atom, remaining mass = 44.0 –16.0 = 28.0
Rest of molecule is therefore 2C and 4H. Molecular formula is C2H4O (ethanal).

4. How much gas?

4.1 Mr for Pb(NO3)2 = 331.

Moles Pb(NO3)2 = 1.00/331 = 3.02 x 10-3.
Therefore moles of gas formed = 5/2 x 3.02 x 10-3 = 7.55 x 10-3.
Volume of NO2 + O2 at s.t.p. = 22 400 x 7.55 x 10-3 cm3 = 169 cm3.

4.2 Moles of CO2 needed = 1/24 = 0.0417 mol.

Therefore moles NaHCO3 needed = 2 x 0.0417 mol = 0.0834 mol.
Mass of NaHCO3 needed = 0.0834 x 84 = 7.01 g.

4.3 a. 2H2S(g) + SO2 3S(s) + 2 H2O(g)

b. i. If 240 cm3 of water vapour formed, an equal volume of H2S must have been
used. Moles of H2S = 240/24 000 = 0.0100 mol
ii. Moles of sulphur = 0.480/32.1 = 0.0150 mol
iii. Moles of SO2 = 0.015/3 = 5.00 x 10-3 mol
iv. Volume of SO2 = 240/2 = 120 cm3

4.4 a. Mass of octane = 1000 x 0.700 = 700 g.

Moles of octane = 700/114 = 6.14 mol.
b. Moles of oxygen gas required for complete combustion = 12.5 x 6.14
= 76.8 mol.
Volume of oxygen at r.t.p. required = 76.8 x 24 000 cm3 = 1 843 200 cm3
= 1 843 dm3
c. Volume of air needed for complete combustion = 5 x 1843 dm3 = 9215 dm3

5. Reacting volumes of gases.

5.1 Volume of carbon dioxide absorbed by the sodium hydroxide solution = 40 cm3.
Therefore volume of oxygen left over = 20 cm3.
Oxygen gas used = 100 – 20 = 80 cm3.
So: CxHy(g) + ?O2(g) ?CO2(g) + ?H2O(l)
1 volume : 2 volumes 1 volume
Therefore: x = 1 and 2 moles O2 are used.
Thus water formed = 2 moles and y must be = 4.

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