SCHOOL OF EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES, ST.

AUGUSTINE
MATHEMATICS LESSON PLAN
Teacher: Jozette Roberts

Date: Class: form 4 Time: 70mins

Unit: Matrices
Topic: Concept of the inverse of a (2×2) matrix
Pre-knowledge: addition, subtraction, multiplication of real numbers, concept of a matrix, addition,
subtraction and multiplication of matrices, scalar multiplication of matrices, determinant of a matrix, singular
matrices

OBJECTIVES: Pupils will: Classification

1. Define inverse of a (2×2) matrix K
2. Identify why singular matrices have no inverse K
3. Define multiplicative identity of (2 ×2) matrices K
4. Apply inverse formula to determine the inverse of a (2 ×2) matrix AT
5. Show that a matrix multiplied by its inverse is the identity matrix AT
6. Develop time management skills through timed practice HFLE
7. Identify the usefulness of matrices in cryptography for spying AFF

SET INDUCTION: (Time: 2 minutes)

Students are all handed a small piece of paper with matrix (2 ×6) matrix on it. E=
The teacher explains to the students that is was a secrete message hidden within the matrix
The teacher explains that each number in the matrix has a letter equivalent
Teacher explains that spies use matrices to send secrete messages all over the world in wartime and after
learning enemies secretes.
Teacher explains that unless you know the encoding matrix it would be impossible to crack.
She explains that letters are given number codes then a matrix is formed using these numbers.
This matrix is then multiplied by an encoding matrix so that no undesirable person can read it.
Teacher asks students how would they discover what the secrete message is?
What will they need to do to find the matrix?
(Resources required: handout)

SECTION 1 (Time: 13 minutes)

Content: concept of the inverse of a (2×2) matrix

Associated Objective: 1, 2
Teaching Points:
1. It is the reverse or opposite operation to the multiplication of a (2×2) matrix
2. It is denoted by the matrix to the power of -1
3. it involves the adjoint and the determinant of a matrix
4. It is the reciprocal of the determinant multiplied by the adjoint of a (2×2) matrix

5. Inverse of a (2×2) matrix M= is M-1= =

6. It does not involve matrices with determinants of zero or singular matrices
7. the product of a matrix and its inverse is the identity matrix M× M-1= I=
Method:
Teaching Strategy: Student Activity Resources
Inductive method /Questioning Discussion/ observation Whiteboard marks,
Are there any similarities with the -Students will observe examples of on notebooks
fractions of the and known matrix the inverse of a matrix
formulae? -Students will use examples to derive
What are the similarities between the the general the formula for finding
matrix and the matrix in the inverse inverse
What are the differences between the -use it to pick the criterial attributes of
matrix and the matrix of the inverse? the inverse of (2 × 2) matrix
Sectional Review: (Time: 10 minutes)
students will find the single matrix representation for each example of the inverse.

If A= then the inverse of A= A-1=

If B= then the inverse of B= B-1=

If C= then the inverse of C= C-1=

If D= then the inverse of D= D-1=

SECTION 2 (Time: 15 minutes)

Content: Finding the inverse of a matrix
Associated Objective: 3, 4
Teaching Points:

1. Given A= is a (2 ×2) matrix its calculate the value of the determinant

-if the determinant is zero stop;
-if it is not equal to zero go on to step two
2. Find the adjoint of the (2 ×2) matrix A
3. Calculate the inverse by Multiplying the reciprocal of the determinant A by its adjoint
Or
2. substitute the values of a, b, c, d into the inverse matrix formula
3. Calculate the single matrix representation of the inverse
4. check if the inverse is correct by multiplying A ×A-1 or A-1×A
-if A ×A-1 or A-1×A= I= answer is correct
-if A ×A-1 or A-1×A≠I= inverse is not correct
Method:
Teaching Strategy: Student Activity Resources
Guided instruction Guided practice
Guided discovery -Students must determine the inverse Whiteboard, markers,
notebooks
of the A=
 Students work in pairs to show that
A ×A-1= A-1×A = I=
One half of students solve A ×A-1
And the other half A-1×A

Sectional Review: (Time: 5 minutes)

Students will be given the matrix used to encode the secrete message to find the inverse S=

SECTION 3 (Time: 15 minutes)

Content: Cryptography and matrices
Associated Objective: 6,5
Teaching Points:
1. Cryptography is the art of encoding and decoding data
2. Messages are coded replacing letters with the number place in the English alphabet example A=1, T=20
and spaces between words=0
3. These numbers are then placed in matrix with even rows, labelled M
4. M is multiplied by the encrypting matrix, S, to give an encoded Matrix E
5. S is a square matrix characterized by the number of rows in the in M,
6. The message is decrypted by multiplying the inverse of S by E.
7. Replace each number by a letter
8. Read message
Method:
Teaching Strategy: Student Activity Resources
Discussion/Investigation Discussion/Small group work
-determine the encrypted message Notebook, handout,
Students will be given ten minutes to whiteboard and markers
decipher the secrete message
Sectional Review: (Time:5 minutes)
Write solution on the board

CLOSURE: (Time: 2 minutes)

Students state the key points of the lesson
- The multiplicative inverse can only be found for 2 x2 matrices
- The multiplicative inverse can only exist when matrices are non-singular
- The inverse a matrix is the reciprocal of the determinant by the adjoint of the square matrix
- A matrix multiplied by its inverse is the identity
- Matrices are used in cryptography when sending and decoding secrete messages
FINAL EVALUATION: (Time: 3 minutes)

Students will determine the inverse of

Reasonable level of Achievement: Objective
30/30 students will find the inverse of a 2×2 matrix correctly 2, 3

CONTINUOUS EVALUATION: A Complete Course in Mathematics Vol 2 pg 1147 Ex 24c

TEACHER EVALUATION OF THE LESSON:
TUTOR’S COMMENT:
 SCHOOL OF EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES, ST. AUGUSTINE
MATHEMATICS CONCEPT ANALYSIS FORM

Teacher Name: Ms. Jozette School Name: Fatima College Class: Form 4
Concept Name: Inverse of a (2×2) Matrix
Criterial attributes / Essential Characteristics: It is the reverse or opposite operation to the multiplication of a
matrix; it is denoted by the matrix to the power of -1. It involves the adjoint and the determinant of a matrix; It is
the reciprocal of the determinant multiplied by the adjoint of a matrix; It does not involve matrices with
determinants of zero or singular matrices; the product of a matrix and its inverse is the identity matrix

Non-criterial attributes / Non-Essential Characteristics: the name of the matrix; units that the matrix elements
represent.

Concept rule: The in inverse of a (2×2) matrix is the product of the reciprocal of the determinant and the adjoint
when the adjoint is not equal to zero; such that the matrix times its inverse is the identity matrix.

The inverse of a matrix M = M-1= = , where |M|≠0 such that M× M-1=

Teaching Points:
1. It is the reverse or opposite operation to the multiplication of a matrix;
2. It is denoted by the matrix to the power of -1
3. It involves the adjoint and the determinant of a matrix;
4. It is the reciprocal of the determinant multiplied by the adjoint of a matrix;

5. The inverse of a matrix M = M-1= =

6. It does not involve matrices with determinants of zero or singular matrices
7. the product of a matrix and its inverse is the identity matrix
8. M× M-1=
Concept examples:

If A= then the inverse of A= A-1=

If B= then the inverse of B= B-1=

If C= then the inverse of C= C-1=

Concept non-examples:

If D= then the inverse of D= D-1=

If E= then the inverse of E= E-1=

If F then the inverse of F= =

Relationship with another concept(s):
Consumer arithmetic, simultaneous equations, transformations