Plagiarism Scan Report

Summary
Report Genrated Date 25 Apr, 2018
Plagiarism Status 100% Unique
Total Words 983
Total Characters 5938
Any Ignore Url Used

m
Content Checked For Plagiarism:

co
The objective of work carried out in this thesis is to minimize the overall temperature of
solar module by providing cooling from back water tubes filled with water specially when
the temperature is more than maximum allowable temperature (MAT) 45 degree Celsius

s.
and bring temperature of PV module to its normal operating temperature i.e. 25 degree
Celsius. A mathematical model is designed to determine when to start cooling so the
temperature of PV module comes to its normal operating temperature.

l
Instead using natural convection we used force convection method to circulate water inside
oo
the tube by using DC pump. The reason for using pump here is that the rate of flow of
water is slow in natural convection method which will take more time to cool module
temperature.
T

3.2 Instrumentation and Data Collection

To record data of different current and voltage values data sheets are required which help a
eo

lot to make the whole work documented in a proper way.Multimeter is used to measure
voltage and current. Pyranometer is used to measure daily solar irradiance on a planar
surface. To record data of different current and voltage values data sheets are required
lS

which help a lot to make the whole work documented in a proper way.Multimeter is used to
measure voltage and current.
3.3 Experimental Test setup and Measurement Consideration of PV Module
al

An experimental validation of heat rate model and cooling rate model has been done.
Based on heating and cooling rate model it is found that the PV panel yields the highest
m

output energy if cooling of the module starts, when the temperature (Tm) of PV module
reaches to a value of maximum allowable temperature (MAT) of 45 degree Celsius. The
work done in this thesis proposes modelling of photovoltaic model in which temperature
S

and sun’s irradiance, of the PV array is taken into account .A photovoltaic system is
modeled and its voltage , current characteristics and the power are calculated. This makes
the dynamics of PV system to be easily simulated and optimized. It is worth noticed that the
output characteristics of a PV module are affected by the environmental factors such as
temperature, cloud and wind .Due to this the conversion efficiency is low. Therefore, a
cooling technique is needed to decrease the temperature of solar module so as to increase
the peak power to maximize level .By doing so the generated output power is increase to a
certain height.

Fig 13: Front side of Experimental Test setup and Measurement

Fig 14: Back side of Experimental Test setup and Measurement

Fig 15: arrangement of cooling tube at the back side of module

Fig 16: lower water tank for water collection and cooling

Fig 16: upper water tank for water collection and cooling

m
co
Fig 17 side view of complete test setup experiment
A model is designed to estimate global solar radiation using daily temperature reading and

s.
sunshine hour data related to irradiation has been developed. We use here the tilted
radiation calculation algorithm which is common to all application models (i.e. on-grid, off-
grid and water pumping applications) Out of which we are used it for on-grid application. It

l
is used to determine daily solar radiation at the plane surface of the PV array, as a function
oo
of its tilt of orientation from ground, given monthly mean daily solar radiation on a
horizontal surface. To check the correctness of the solar PV model predicted values of solar
radiation data are compared with calculated hourly values The radiation effect of solar
T

radiation on the tilted surfaces and vertical surfaces for different orientations from
horizontal, have also been calculated. The calculated values and results are found to be
eo

very close agreement with measured values. The method presented in this thesis can be
used to do approximation hourly, global, diffuse solar radiation on inclined and vertical
surfaces and horizontal surfaces and at different angles with greater accuracy for any
lS

location. This tells us the power generation capacity rated of power plant with the actual
power generation capacity of the plant.
al

Schematic diagram of the experimental set-up

A working experimental setup is developed to determine how long it takes to cool down the
m

module based on proposed cooling system. An experimental validation of heat rate model
and cooling rate model has been done. Based on heating and cooling rate model it is found
that the PV panel yields the highest output energy if cooling of the module starts. The work
S

done in this thesis proposes modeling of photovoltaic model in which temperature and
sun’s irradiance, of the PV array is taken into account .A photovoltaic system is modeled
and its voltage , current characteristics and the power are calculated. This makes the
dynamics of PV system to be easily simulated and optimized. It is worth noticed that the
output characteristics of a PV module are affected by the environmental factors such as
temperature, cloud and wind .Due to this the conversion efficiency is low. Therefore, a
cooling technique is needed to decrease the temperature of solar module so as to increase
the peak power to maximize level .By doing so the generated output power is increase to a
certain height.
Fig 18: schematic diagram of the experimental set-up

Working of Project
The whole project is designed in consideration of cooling effect of water to decrease
module temperature by forced convection technique using water. A 12 Volt DC water pump
is used to force water from lower cooling tank to upper water inlet tank which further send
water to the rectangular aluminium water tube fitted at the back side of PV module. When
required cooling is achieved then water is again collected in the lower tank for cooling and
this action is controlled by a control valve fitted at the inlet of lower water tank. The design
set up of a photovoltaic system is modeled and its voltage, current characteristics and the
power are calculated.

m
Report generated by smallseotools.com

co
l s.
T oo
eo
lS
al
m
S