——_— OO agate Brkt Ruarerottarat WoI—sHis ‘Haor/1211/415/8, at. 12-1-2012 alge MATHEMATICS Standard 10 @ PLEDGE India is my country. All Indians are my brothers and sisters. T love my country and I am proud of its rich and varied heritage. T shall always strive to be worthy of it. I shall respect my parents, teachers and all my elders and treat everyone with courtesy. 1 pledge my devotion to my country and its people. “My happiness lies in their well-being and prosperity. Price : % 91.00 Mey, Gujarat State Board of School Textbooks AF ‘Vidyayan', Sector 10-A, Gandhinagar-382 010Dr A. P. Shah (Convener) Shri Rajiv S. Choksi Shri Jaykrishna N. Bhatt Shri P. K. Vyas Shri Shailesh Sheth Shri Mrugesh Parekh Reviewers Shri Mahmadsharif A. Aliyani Shri N. R. Reddy Shri Naresh M. Jaloriya Shri R. 8, Bisht Shri Hemant R. Shah Shri Bhagyesh N. Thakkar Shri Sanjay S. Prajapati Shri Mahendrakumar R. Sevak Shri Sarju B. Nayar Shri Pinkesh D. Naik Language Reviewer Shri Rishi A. Thakar Artist Shri Manish P. Parekh Co-ordinator Shri Ashish H. Borisagar (Subject Co-ordinator : Mathematics) Preparation and Planning Shri C. D. Pandya (Dy. Director : Academic) Lay-out and Planning Shri Hlaresh 8. Limbachiya (Dy. Director : Production) PREFACE ‘The Gujarat State Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board has prepared new syllabi in accordance with the new national sylabi prepared by the N.C.ER-T. These syllabi are sanctioned by the Government of Gujarat. Its pleasure of the Gujarat State Board of ‘School Textbooks, to prepare and publish this textbook of Mathematics for Standard 10 based on the new syllabus. Before publishing the textbook, its manuscript has been fully reviewed by experts and teachers teaching at this level. We have followed suggestions given by teachers and experts and made necessary changes in the manuscript, ‘The Board has taken special care to see that this textbook is interesting, usefull and free from errors. However, we welcome the suggestions, if any to improve the quality of the textbook. HL K. Patel cas Dr Nitin Pethani Director Executive President Date :7-9-2013, Gandhinagar@ (b) © @ © oO 2) (h) @ a It shall be the duty of every citizen of India : to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so; to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of ‘women; to value and preserve the rich heritage or our composite culture; to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures; to develop the sci inquiry and reform; ific temper, humanism and the spirit of to safeguard public property and to abjure violence; to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.