KEY NOTE

1 (B) 41 (B) 81 (D) 121 (C) 161 (D)

2 (C) 42 (D) 82 (A) 122 (D) 162 (A)
3 (B) 43 (A) 83 (A) 123 (C) 163 (C)
4 (C) 44 (B) 84 (C) 124 (D) 164 (C)
5 (A) 45 (B) 85 (D) 125 (B) 165 (A)
6 (D) 46 (A) 86 (B) 126 (A) 166 (C)
7 (D) 47 (A) 87 (C) 127 (A) 167 (D)
8 (A) 48 (A) 88 (C) 128 (C) 168 (A)
9 (C) 49 (C) 89 (A) 129 (C) 169 (A)
10 (A) 50 (B) 90 (A) 130 (B) 170 (B)
11 (C) 51 (B) 91 (B) 131 (B) 171 (D)
12 (B) 52 (B) 92 (A) 132 (B) 172 (B)
13 (C) 53 (A) 93 (B) 133 (C) 173 (D)
14 (C) 54 (B) 94 (D) 134 (B) 174 (B)
15 (A) 55 (C) 95 (A) 135 (D) 175 (C)
16 (A) 56 (D) 96 (C) 136 (D) 176 (A)
17 (B) 57 (C) 97 (D) 137 (D) 177 (B)
18 (C) 58 (A) 98 (C) 138 (C) 178 (C)
19 (A) 59 (B) 99 (B) 139 (A) 179 (D)
20 (C) 60 (B) 100 (C) 140 (A) 180 (A)
21 (D) 61 (A) 101 (B) 141 (B) 181 (D)
22 (A) 62 (C) 102 (D) 142 (B) 182 (A)
23 (A) 63 (A) 103 (A) 143 (B) 183 (B)
24 (D) 64 (A) 104 (D) 144 (A)
25 (D) 65 (B) 105 (A) 145 (B)
26 (A) 66 (B) 106 (A) 146 (B)
27 (B) 67 (D) 107 (A) 147 (A)
28 (D) 68 (C) 108 (C) 148 (C)
29 (C) 69 (B) 109 (C) 149 (B)
30 (C) 70 (D) 110 (C) 150 (D)
31 (C) 71 (B) 111 (A) 151 (D)
32 (C) 72 (C) 112 (A) 152 (D)
33 (A) 73 (B) 113 (C) 153 (D)
34 (A) 74 (C) 114 (B) 154 (A)
35 (D) 75 (B) 115 (B) 155 (D)
36 (B) 76 (A) 116 (D) 156 (A)
37 (A) 77 (C) 117 (B) 157 (B)
38 (A) 78 (C) 118 (C) 158 (C)
39 (D) 79 (D) 119 (C) 159 (B)
40 (B) 80 (C) 120 (A) 160 (A)

352
 HINT
1. y  sin 2t  3 cos 2t

 1 3 
 y  2  sin 2t  cos 2t 
 2 2 
 2 cos  sin 2t  sin  cos 2t  2sin(2t  )
Compaling than with y  A sin(wt  ), we get
2
w 2  2 t   s
T

2.

 g
3. T  2 When lift moves up with accleratim 3 the effective graritatianl acclenations
g

in g1  g  g 3  4g 3

l'
 new peliodic time T '  2  g '

dy1
4. 1   2 10 cos(10t  )
dt
 2  3 10sin t  30 cos(10t   2 )

  
 Phase diffdence = 10t     10t  2   2
K1k 2 k
5. For series combination, K S  K  k  2 ( k1  k 2  K)
1 2

now T  1 T' ks
  = 2  T' = 2 T
k T k
6. For maximum velocity, A11  A 2 2

A1  2 k2 / m2 k2
    ( m1  m 2 )
A 2 1 k1 / m1 k1

353
 m1m 2
7. Reduced mass of system    0.75 kg
m1  m 2

1 k 20
 freq of oscillation f    3Hz
2 m 
8. KE at o = PE at A
1
 m 2  mgh  mg 1  cos 
2
  2g(1  cos )

9. K11  K 2  2  k
 3 
 K1    K 2     k 
4 4 
3
 force constant of spring having lenght l in
4
4
k2  k
3
10. Amplitnde of SHM given by x = a sin t+b cos t in
1
2 2 2
A a + b = (3  4 )  5m
2 2

2
u
2 y 
11. u  y  2   2   u 2  4u
u1  y1 

12. T  l 1 because 2 and g are constants

T2 l2 1.21l1
    1.1
T1 l1 l1

T2  T1
 %increase   100  10%
T1
13. y  A sin(t  )
A 1
 A sin t   0   sin t  
2 2 4

2 
 .t  t  T 8
T 4

354
 m1 4  2 .M 4 2 M
14. T1  2   k1  2
and k 2  2
k1 T1 T2

M kk
for Series connection; T  2 where k  1 2
k k1  k 2

M1 2 2
 T  2 2
(T1  T2 )
4 M

 T  T12  T2 2  T 2  T12  T22

dx 
15. x  A cos( t   )  v   – A sin (t  )
8 dt 2

If sin(t   8 )  1, then velocity will be maximam

  3 3
 t    t  t
8 2 8 8
16. 3u = k
1 1 A
 3  ky 2  k(A 2  y 2 )  y  
2 2 2
17. For spring A b restaning face F=kx

 displacement x  F k
figure (b) if the resultant spring contant
1 k 1k 2
m  k 1 , then k  k  k (Series)
1 2

k2

 in figure (b) if on applying a force F`, if

displacement in x`, then x '  F ' k '

x ' F' k 6
    2  3
x k' F 4
 x '  3x  3  1cm  3cm
dy1
18. 1 
dt
dy2
and v2 
dt

355
19. Here y  kt 2

dy d2y
  2kt  2  2k  2 ms2
dt dt

m 2
 the point of support in moving upwards with an accelaration of 2 s
n
 effective acc l . g '  g  a  12 m / s 2

 
Now T1  2 and T2  2
g g'

'
20. T  2 as water leaks, the center of gravity moves down and hence “  ” increases.
g

 T increases initially
When all the water has leaked, the center of gravity moves up and hence “  ” decreases and
hence T decreases Finally the centre of gravity steady at the center of sphde and so T will remain
constant.
21. Kinetic energy = 25 % E
1
K  E
4

2 4 2
22. Fmax  ma max  mA  mA 2  0.6 N.
T

23. For parallel combination k p  k 1  k 2

1 k 1 kl  k2
 freqrency f    (1)
2 m 2 m

Now when k1 and k2 in increased 4 times,

1 4(K1  K 2 )
f1   2f .(from(1))
2 m
24. From graph A=1 cm  T=8s

2 3
 y  A sin t  A sin ty cm
T 2

-42 31 31 2 cm
a  w2 y  .    2
T2 2 32 s

356
 1
25. Now k   k  contant

 k11  k 2  2   2  k11

 k +k   k2 
Now, A = l1  1 2   l1 =  A
 k2   k2  k2 

26.   w A 2  x 2 ,

the velocity for moving form x=o to x  A 2 will ge more them for x  A 2 tox  A
 T1  T2.

1
27. U  u max
8

1 2 11 2  2 A2
 ky   kA   y 
2 8 2  8
28. In the expression for both Kinetic and potential energy, We have the square of the halmonic
functions (sine or cisine).

The average of which over a cycle is 1 2

E 1
 u   K  m2 A 2
2 4

k
29. Angnlar freqvency  
m
1
Since ‘m’ is constant,   K

2 a max
Now, a max  A   
A

a max a
  k  max  A
A K

1
A 
k

m 1
30. For a spring, T  2   T  ( m is comtant)
k k

357
 2
31. Phase of 1st oscillater 1  1 t    T t  
1

2
For 2nd oscillater,  2  2 t    t+
T2

phase diff θ1 -θ 2
32. Restoring force F = – Ayg = – (Ag)y = – ky

m 1
 k  Ag  T  2  T
k A1
33. To loose comtact, the condition in ;
m2 A  mg

mg
A  g 2  ( k  mw 2 )
 k

34. In SHM, accelelation and displacement are opposite in direction Also a  y..
35. Here t = 0, x = 1 cm and    cm s 1 , w   s 1
Now, x  A cos(t  ) ---- (1)
dx
Velocity     A sin(t  ) ----- (2)
dt
Solved the equation (1) and (2)

36. T  2 144 and T  2 121

1 2  T1  T2
g g
 When the shorter pendulum completes n oscillations, the longer one completes (n-1)
oscilla tions (when in same phase).
 nT2  (n  1)T1

2 r 3.14
37.     3.14  2f  3.14  f   0.5s 1
r 2
38. Maximum force  m2 A  m4 2f 2 A

l 2 g
39. Periodic time T  2 and   
g T l
Linear displacement x = a cos  t

358
 k k
40.   or removing m, angular frequency ' 
m1  m 2 m2

1
41. Kinetic energy K  m2 (A 2  y 2 )
2

1
Now total energy E  m 2 A 2
2
42. y = a sin  t + b cos  t,
Taking a = Acosθ and b = Asinθ,
y  A cos  sin t  A sin   cos t
 A sin( t  )

Now a 2  b 2  A 2  A  a 2  b 2.
43. The body will not loose contact with the surface,

2 m42  T  2
r
if mg  m r   r {where r is amplitude}
T2 g

1
2
1 2 2  2K 0 
44. Maximum kinetic energy K 0  m A  A   2 
2  m 
 Equation for displacement is ;
1
 2K o  2
y  A sin t   2 
sin t
 m 

1
45. E  m2 A 2  E2 A 2
2

 E(A) 2  (1A1 ) 2  (2 A 2 ) 2

46. k 2 be the spring constant of the spring having lenght  2.

Now, 1   2.  

n 2   2.  

1 k 1 2k
47. f  and f '  {k'  2k}
2 m 2 2m
f '  f

359
48. Here both springs are in parallel. The restoring force on the system in only due to spring and not due
to gravitational force  We can ignore the slope.
Equivalent spring cantant =k+k=2k
1
 Periodic time T  2 M
2k
49. Enelgy stoved =Work done
1
E  kA 2
2
Now maximum accelaration
a max  2 A

1 2
50. Potential energy gainad by the spring on suspending mass “m” is ky .
2

1
When system executes SHM, the energy gained by the system  m 2 A 2
2

1 1
 total final energy of the system  m2 A 2  ky 2 .
2 2
51. Radius of the rotational motion r =0.4 m
When the turn table rotates, the restoring force
developed in the spring = centrifugal force
 Frestore  m2 r  2(10) 2  0.4  80N
Now increase in lenght of spring = 40-35 = 5 cm
F 80
 Force constant k    1.6  103 N / m.
x 0.05
52. In case-I, springs are connected in parallel.
 equivalent force constant k p  k1  k 2  2k.

m m
 Peliodic time Tp  2 kp  2 2k

In case-II, spring are connected in series.

k1k 2 k
 Equivalent force constant k s  k  k  2
1 2

m 2m Tp 1
 periodic time Ts  2  k  2    .
s k Ts 2

360
53. Here T=6 s
1
Amplitude OB  OC  BC  10cm
2
 OD =5 cm
Now driplacement x  A sin(wt  )  (1)
2 
where A=10 gm,   T  3 rad C
B D
Now if at t=0, oscillator is at C. O
i.e. at t=0, x=A
 A  A sin(  0  ) (OR) A=A sin 
 sin   1

   2
Putting this in eqn. (1)
x  A sin(t   2 )  A cos t = 10 cos  t
 for x = 5 cm,
5=10cos  t  cos t  1 2

t   3

t  1 S
54. Force responsible for oscillation in
F  mg sin   mg  {  is small}
x
 mg 
R
Comparing this with
F= - kx ;
mg
k
R
55. Let the rod be pressed down by “x” at point
A and released.
 both spring gets displaced by “x”
 Restoring torgue produced
 
 = kx   2   kx   2 
   
=kx 

x 2x
Now tan   
 
2

361
 If  in small; tan     2x


x 
2
   k 2
 torque   k     
 2 2
Now moment of inertia of rod with reference to O is if I, then
Id 2  k 2  d 2  k 2 
        
dt 2  2  dt 2  2I 
d 2
Comparing with   2 ;
dt 2

k2 2 m2
 where   and I 
2I T 12

2m
T  
3k
56. Here 2 acceleration vectors g. and a are acting along mutually prependicular direction .
 effective acceleratioin l n g eff  g 2  a 2


 T  2
g eff

57. g 2 off  a x 2  (g  ay) 2 here, ax gsinθ cosθ, ay = gsin 2 θ

 a x 2  g 2  a y 2  2ga y
= a 2 sin 2  cos2   g 2  g 2 sin 2   2g 2 sin 2 
 g 2 (1  sin 2 )
 g 2 cos 2 
 g eff  g cos 
58. When the length of spring increases by x=2.5 cm
force F  mg sin 
F mg sin 
 force constant k  
x x

m x 
 T  2  2  s.
k g sin  7

362
59. Since the spring is massless, when C
collides with A, both A and B will gain equal momentum. Also, since A and B have equal mass,
both will have same velocity. Let this velocity be u.
 Acc. to the law of conservation of momentum,
m  mu  mu  2mu
v
u 
2
Now if the compression produced in the spring is x, then acc. to law of conservation of energy,
1 1 1 1
m 2  mu 2  mu 2  kx 2
2 2 2 2

2 kx 2
2  v 2  kx 2
 v  2u   2  
m  4 m
4
kx 2 v 2 m
   xv      (1)
m 2 2k
Now block A and B will have equal kinetic energy.
1 1 1
 kx 2  mu 2  mu 2  mu 2
2 2 2
 During max imum contraction,
kinetic energy of the system A-B is

m .v 2
mu2 =
4
60. Displacement

t
y = 4 cos 2   sin100t
2
61. Here x = A cos  t
1 2 2
Now potential energy  m x {taking P.E. as a function of x}
2
 when x=0, potential energy=0
graph (b)  III

Also, potential energy  1 m2 (A cos t) 2 {taking P. E. as a function of time}

2

1
At t=0 potential energy  m 2 A 2
2
 graph -I

363
 1 2 2 1 2
62. E1  m x  E1  x m      (1)
2 2

1 1
E 2  m2 y 2  E2  y m2      (2)
2 2

1 1
E  m2 (x  y)2  E  (x  y) m2      (3)
2 2
From (1), (2) {(3),
E  E1  E 2

or E  E1  E 2  2 E1E 2

2 k kx F
63. 1    1    (1)
m mx mx

2 F2
Similarly, 2     (2)
mx
If F1 and F2 acts simaltaneously, then angular frequency

F1  F2
w2     (3)
mx

2
From (1), (2) and (3);  2  12   2 2 Now, use equ.  =
T


64. Initial periodic time T1  2  (1)
g

When pendulum moves along vertical direction, effictive acceleration g eff  g  a

where ‘a’ in accleration of pendulum.

d d (kt)
Now, a    k  2.1 m.s 2
dt dt


 New periodic time T2  2 g  (2)
eff

1
T g
 2 
T1 g eff

364
 65. Block will not slide if mg  ma
 g  a
To prevent the block from sliding the maximum acceleration

of table must be a max  g

Now maximum accleration a max  2 A

 2 A max  g

g gT 2
A max  
2 4 2
66. Angular frequency of system

1
2
 k 
        (1)
 (M  m 

Now to prevent B from sliding off A, the maximum force acting on B should not be more than
the frictional force mg .

 f max  ma max  m2 A max 

(2)

From (1) & (2)

 k 
 f max  m   A max
mM

mkA max
To prevent block from sliding,  f max  mg   mg
mM

91. On comparing y = A sin (15t  10x  )
3
with y = A sin (t  kx  )
92. At constant pressure density of water vapour is less than dry air.

p
 with increase in humidity according to the equation v 
the

velocity of sound increases.

f1 
93. f  1   2
f2 1
 v
94. From the equation v = fλ, λ min = f 17 mm which is nearer to 20 mm
max

95. On comparing with the wave equation

 t x 25 1
y = A sin 2     we get , T = 0.04 s,  =0.5 m  v  ms
T   2

 T  v 2   6.25 N
96. Maximum velocity of particle = A
 wave velocity = f λ
 Maximum velocity of particle = 2 x wave velocity
 A = 2f     A
97. Putting values in   vT
if phase diff.. = in the interval x is  then

2 2 2
  x   (15  10) 
 15 3

1
98. Freq. of a wave in a string f


1 1 1 1
 1 23    
f f1 f2 f3

99. On comparing y1  4 sin 500 t with y1  A sin 1 t

we get 1  2f 1 = 500  f1  250 Hz

Similarly y 2  2sin 506t

 2  2f 2  506  f 2  253 Hz

 Freq. of beats  f 2 – f1  3
 No.of beats heard per minute  3  60  180
100. y  8sin 2 (0.1x  2t)

 t x
 y  8sin 2 (2t  0.1x) comparing with y  A sin   
T 

1
We get =0.1    10cm


2
Now path diffrence between 2 particles   .x  kx


2  180  2
  = 72o
10
101. Distance covered by the pulse = speed x time = 4 cm in 2 seconds both will cover 4 cm & the
centre of both will superpose & potential energy will be zero.
 Total energy will be in the from of kinetic energy..

369
102. y1  a sin t & y 2  a cos t  a sin (t  π 2 )

 1st wave is ilagging behind in phase by π 2

103. Here A is the amplitude of resultant wave formed by 2 waves having amplitude A1 and A2
respectively.
2 2
A 2  A1  A 2  2A 1 A 2 cos  Also  in the phase A1 , A 2
Now puttng A1  A 2  b & A  b , We get

b 2  2b 2 1  cos  

 cos    1 2    1200

104. As seen from fig., distance between 3 nodes in λ

1  cos 2 t 1 1
105. y  sin 2 t    cos 2 t ____________  1
2 2 2
1
 υ= 2 sin  2 t    sin 2 t
2
 a  22 cos 2t

1 
= 2× 22  -Y  {From eng. (1)}
2 
1 
= –42   y 
2 
 a α -y { SHM}
2π π
Now,  2  T 
T 
106. No.of beats produced per second =  n1  n 2
1
 Time interval between 2 consecutive beats 
n1  n 2

π
107. Since the phase difference between the 2 waves in they are oscillating along mutually
2
perpendicalal direction.

 Resultant ampltude = A2  A2  2 A
 Angular freq. will remain same.

370
 
108. A  0.02 m, υ =  128 ms 1
k

4 2π
5λ = 4   = m, k   2.5 π  7.85
5 λ
   128  k  128  7.85  1005

y  A sin  kx  t 
 y = 0.02 sin (7.85x - 1005 t)
109. Let the number of loops obtained for 315Hz and 420Hz n and (n+1) respectively.
 f n  nf1  315

 f n 1   n  1 f1  420

 f n 1  f n  f1  105 Hz
110. When, sound waves travel fromone medium to another, its frequency does not change.
υ
f  = consant
λ
υa υ
  b
λa λb

υb
λb  λ a  10λ a
υa
111. Wave velocity = max. velo.of particle
 1 
 A  A = 
k k 2
 λ = 2πA

RT
112. Speed of sound in an ideal gas υ 
m

υ1 m2  1 
    
υ2 m1  m

1 1
113. E m 2 A 2  m 4π 2 f 2 A 2
2 2
2 2
2 E f   f  1  E 2  4E1
 E αf  1  1    
E 2  f 2   2f  4

371
114. Let hte freq. of 1st fork be f1

 frequency of 2nd fork = f1  6  f1  6  2  1

 freq. of th 24th fork = f1  6  24  1  f1  138

Now, freq. of 24th fork = 2 x freq. of 1st fork (given)
 f1  138  2 f1  f1  138 Hz

 π
115. Differentabing y1  0.1 sin  100 t +  w.r.t time,
 3

 π
υ1  (0.1) (100) cos  100 π t + 
 3

Similarly differentiating y 2  0.1 cos t w.r.t. time,

 π
υ 2  0.1 sin  π t  
 2
 phase difference between the 2 velocities is

 π  π π
δ  πt+   π t    rad
 3  2 6

1 1
116. Wave number    200 m 1
λ 0.005
117. Frequency heard by the listener

 υ + υL 
fL    fs   υs = 0 
 υ 

υ
f υ + υ2 υ+
 L  4 5
fs υ  
υ 4

f L  fS  54
 % increase  100    100  25%
fS  4 

RT
118. From υ = , υα T
M
In summer, velocity increases & hence decreases and so L increases.
The length of 2nd halmonics x = 3L1  3  16  48 cm

In summer, velocity being more, x  3L1  x  48

372
  υ + υL 
119. In f L    fs
 υ  υ s 

putting υ L  0, f L  2fs , υ  υ, υs   υs

 υ  υ
2fs    fs  2υ  υ  υs 
 υ  υs 
s
2
120. For resonance, the frequency of a.c. supply should be same as fundamnetal freq. of wire.
1 T
f  = 50 Hz
2L µ
f L υ + υL f L υ  υL
121.  or 
f S υ  υS fS υ - υS
fL
but, υ L  υS  fS
1

122. Since the rope is heavy, the tension at the lower end & top end of the rope will be different.
Mass of rope m 2  3kg
Mass of block m1  1 kg
 tension at the lower end T1  m1 g  1 g N &
at the upper end in T2   m1  m 2  g  4 g N

T T
Now speed of wave in rope υ= f λ =
µ µ

 λ= T ( f ,μ are constants)

 Wave length at lower and λ1 = T1 & at

the upper end λ 2 = T2

λ2 T2 T2
   λ2  = λ1 = λ 2  0.1m
λ1 T1 T1

P
123. Speed of sound 
ρ

mass of 1 mole air 29 103 kg

ρ   1.3
Volume of 1 mole air 22.4  103 m3

7 1.01 105
 speed    330 ms 1
5 1.3

373
 2 
124 From the phase angle (40-2t), we get k = 40 OR  40   
 20
1
and  = 2 OR 2f  2  f   Hz
125 Increase in tension of string increases its frequency. If the original frequency of B(fB) were
greater than that of A(fA), further the increase in fB should have resulted in increase in the beat
frequency. But the beat frequency is found to decrease. This shows that fA- fB = 5 Hz and
fA=427 Hz, we get
fB = 422 Hz

 υ  υL   330  0 
fL    fS     800  1320 Hz
126  υ  υs   330  130 

T M 2 2.2 4
127 υ  T  μυ 2  υ   (340) 2  T  2.3110 N
µ L 11

1 T
128 f   T  f 2 4l 2 µ
2l µ 2
2M 4f 2 M 2
 T  4f   µ   248 N
 µ  µ

129 In tube A,  A  2l

In tube B,  B  4l

υ υ υ υ υ 2
 υA    υB    A 
λ A 2l λ B 4l υB 1
130 The was decreases the frequency of unknown fork. The possible unknown frequencies are, (288+4)
Hz and (288-4) Hz. Wax reduces 284 Hz and so beats should increases. It is not given in the
question. This frequency is ruled out. Wax reduces 292 Hz and so beats should decrease. It is
given that the beats decrease from 2 to 4. Hence the unknown fork has frequency 292 Hz.
consider option (a)
131 Stationary wave : Y = a sin (wt-kx) + a sin(wt+kx)
When x = 0, Y  0. The option is not acceptable
consider option (b)
stationary wave : Y = a sin (wt-kx) - a sin(wt+kx)
At x = 0, Y = 0. This option holds good.
Option (c) gives Y = 2a sin(wt - kx)
At x = 0, Y  0
Option (d) gives Y = 0.
Hence option (b) holds good.

374
132 When temperature increases, l increases. Hence frequency decreases.
133 The possible frequency of piano are (256 + 5)Hz and (256 - 5)Hz.

1 T
For a piano string υ  When tension T increases v increases.
2l µ
(i) If 261 Hz increases, beats / second increase. This is not given.
(ii) If 251 Hz increases due to tension, beats / second decrease. This is given.

fL  υ  υL  υυ
134 By Doppler’s effect, f   υ  υ   f L  υ  υ L  5 6
S  S  fS υ υ 5

f L - fS f L 6 1
 Fractional increase   1  1 
fS fS 5 5

100
 percentage increase   20%
5

P RT
135  
 M

υ2 γ He 32
  
υ1 4 γo2

Hence option (d) is correct.

136 In a longitudinal wave, pressure is maximum where displacement is minimum. Therefore pres-
sure and displacement variations are 180 out of phase
137 Frequency of tuning fork f 1 = 480 Hz. Number of beats s-1, n = 10
Frequency of string f2 = (480 + 10)Hz. A slight increase in tension increase f2
f2 = 480 - 10 = 470 Hz.
138 (c) is the correct choice because its value is finite at all times.

139 As sin( 90  )  cos   The phase difference between the two waves is  2

T 500
140 υ   50ms 1
µ 0.2

r1 1
141 Here, ρ1  ρ 2 , r  2 , T1  T2
2

1 T1 1 T2 f r 2
f1  , f2   1  1 
2l r1 ρ1 2l r2 ρ 2 f 2 r2 1

375
 f2 T 81 9 f f
142  2    1 2  100  10%
f1 T1 100 10 f1

100
143 When one end is closed f1   50H z
2
f 2 =3f1 =150Hz,f3 =5f1 =250Hz and so on...
144 When other end of pipe is opened, its fundamental frequency becomes 200Hz. The overtone
have frequencies 400, 600, 800 Hz..
2  2 ' 60  2 '
145 As      2 '  75cm
2  1 ' 40 50

f1  2 25 5
146   
f 2 1 30 6

f2 -f1 =4. on solving, weget f2 =24 Hz

f1  20Hz
1
2
f2 101  1  1
147   1    1
f1 100  100  200

f1 f
 f 2  f1   numbers of be ab s 1  f 2  f1  1  1
200 200

f L υ+υ L
148 = , 1 1
f S υ+υ S Here  L  5 ms , S  5 ms , f S  165 Hz

 f L =170 Hz Number of be ab s 1  170  165  5

149 As the source is moving perpendicular to straight line joining the observer and source, (as if
moving along a circle), apparent frequency is not affected n1 = 0
150 As is clear from figure, at t = 0, x = 0, displacement-y = 0 Therefore option (A) OR (D) may be
correct. In case of (D) y = A sin (kx - wt)

dy
dy dy dt dy dy
 = -ω A cos(kx-t) = kA cos(kx-ωt)  dy  – v  dt  - v dx
dt dx
dx
i.e. particle velocity = - (wave speed) xslope and slope at x = 0 and t = 0 is positive, in figure
Therefore, particle velocity is in negative y - direction
151 At a displacement antinode, a pressure node is present. Since pressure does not change at its
node, nor does density.

376
 1 T
152 For a sonometer fundamental f 
22 
To maintatin the fundamental mode, in doubling the length, tension must be quadrupled.

T T
153 velocity of transverse waves T  
m r 2

Y
velocity of longitudinal waves L 


L Y Y
  2

T T / r stress

154 Let the frequency of standard fork = x

102 97 97
f A  x, f B  x , fB  x
100 100 100
102 x 97
Now f A  f B   x  x  120 Hz
100 100
155 If the length of the wire between the two bridges is  , then the frequency of vibration is

1 T 1 T
n 
2l m 2l πr 2d
If the length and diameter of the wire are doubled keeping the tension same, then new funda-
mental frequency will be n/4
f L υ  υL
156 
f S υ  υS using this equation the frequency of reflected sound heard by the girl,
υ  υL
fL  fS
υ – υS

υ
157 f open  2 
o pen

υ υ   
fclosed    As  closed  open 
4 closed 4 open /2  2 

υ
  f open
2  open
i.e. frequency remains unchanged.
158 If we assume that all the three waves are in same phase at t = 0, we shall hear only 1 beat s-1

377
159 y (x, t) = 0.005 cos (x   t ) compare it with standard equation

 2 2  2 2
y (x, t) = A cos (kx - wt) = A cos    t    and  =
  T   T
160 Given that the displacement of particle is y = A sin (t - kx) ..........(i)
dy
The particle velocity vp  ................(ii) 
dt
dy
Now, on diffrentiating eqn.1 with respect to t  A  cos(t  kx)
dt
From eqn.(2 mental mode of the colsed pipe is
υ 320
f1    200 Hz
4L 4  0.40